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Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsensee" title="Amundsensee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amundsensee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%86" title="بحر أموندسن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحر أموندسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Amundsen" title="Mar d'Amundsen – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar d'Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_d%C9%99nizi" title="Amundsen dənizi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amundsen dənizi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segara_Amundsen" title="Segara Amundsen – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Segara Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99%D0%B5" title="Амундсен диңгеҙе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Амундсен диңгеҙе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мора Амундсена – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мора Амундсена" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5)" title="Амундсен (море) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амундсен (море)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenovo_more" title="Amundsenovo more – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Amundsenovo more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Amundsen" title="Mar d'Amundsen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar d'Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%C4%95" title="Амундсен тинĕсĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Амундсен тинĕсĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_Sea" title="Amundsen Sea – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amundsen Sea" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenovo_mo%C5%99e" title="Amundsenovo moře – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amundsenovo moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Amundsen" title="Môr Amundsen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenhavet" title="Amundsenhavet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amundsenhavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsensee" title="Amundsensee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amundsensee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundseni_meri" title="Amundseni meri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Amundseni meri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Amundsen" title="Mar de Amundsen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar de Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maro_Amundsen" title="Maro Amundsen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maro Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_itsasoa" title="Amundsen itsasoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amundsen itsasoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%86" title="دریای آموندسن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای آموندسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_d%27Amundsen" title="Mer d'Amundsen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer d'Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsensee" title="Amundsensee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amundsensee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Amundsen" title="Mar de Amundsen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar de Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%BC%ED%95%B4" title="아문센해 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아문센해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Ամունդսենի ծով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամունդսենի ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आमुण्डसेन सागर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आमुण्डसेन सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenovo_more" title="Amundsenovo more – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amundsenovo more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Amundsen" title="Baybay Amundsen – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Amundsen" title="Laut Amundsen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenhaf" title="Amundsenhaf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Amundsenhaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_di_Amundsen" title="Mare di Amundsen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mare di Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="ים אמונדסן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ים אמונדסן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ამუნდსენის ზღვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამუნდსენის ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Amundsen" title="Bahari ya Amundsen – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Amundsenianum" title="Mare Amundsenianum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Amundsenianum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsena_j%C5%ABra" title="Amundsena jūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amundsena jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundseno_j%C5%ABra" title="Amundseno jūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amundseno jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen-tenger" title="Amundsen-tenger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amundsen-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Амундсеново Море – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Амундсеново Море" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="അമുൺസെൻ കടൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമുൺസെൻ കടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ამუნდსენიშ ზუღა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამუნდსენიშ ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%86" title="بحر اموندسن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بحر اموندسن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Amundsen" title="Laut Amundsen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenzee" title="Amundsenzee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amundsenzee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3%E6%B5%B7" title="アムンゼン海 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アムンゼン海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Амундсенан хӀорд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Амундсенан хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenhavet" title="Amundsenhavet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amundsenhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenhavet" title="Amundsenhavet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amundsenhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_d%27Amundsen" title="Mar d'Amundsen – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar d'Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_dengizi" title="Amundsen dengizi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amundsen dengizi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਐਮੰਡਸਨ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਮੰਡਸਨ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="ایمنڈسن سمندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایمنڈسن سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsensee" title="Amundsensee – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Amundsensee" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_Amundsena" title="Morze Amundsena – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Amundsena" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_de_Amundsen" title="Mar de Amundsen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar de Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Море Амундсена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Море Амундсена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_Sea" title="Amundsen Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amundsen Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenovo_more" title="Amundsenovo more – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amundsenovo more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenovo_morje" title="Amundsenovo morje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amundsenovo morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Амундсеново море – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амундсеново море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenovo_more" title="Amundsenovo more – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amundsenovo more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundseninmeri" title="Amundseninmeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amundseninmeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsenhavet" title="Amundsenhavet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amundsenhavet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அமுண்ட்சென் கடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமுண்ட்சென் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99" title="ทะเลอามันด์เซน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลอามันด์เซน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_Denizi" title="Amundsen Denizi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amundsen Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Море Амундсена – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Море Амундсена" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%86" title="بحیرہ اموندسن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ اموندسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Amundsen" title="Biển Amundsen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Amundsen" title="Dagat Amundsen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dagat Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E6%A3%AE%E6%B5%B7" title="阿蒙森海 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿蒙森海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amundsen_Sea&params=73_S_112_W_scale:10000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°S</span> <span class="longitude">112°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73°S 112°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-73; -112</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Arm of the Southern Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Gulf" title="Amundsen Gulf">Amundsen Gulf</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmundsenSea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AmundsenSea.jpg/220px-AmundsenSea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AmundsenSea.jpg/330px-AmundsenSea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/AmundsenSea.jpg/440px-AmundsenSea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>The Amundsen Sea area of Antarctica</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antarctic_Sea_Ice_-_Amundsen_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Antarctic_Sea_Ice_-_Amundsen_Sea.jpg/220px-Antarctic_Sea_Ice_-_Amundsen_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Antarctic_Sea_Ice_-_Amundsen_Sea.jpg/330px-Antarctic_Sea_Ice_-_Amundsen_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Antarctic_Sea_Ice_-_Amundsen_Sea.jpg/440px-Antarctic_Sea_Ice_-_Amundsen_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="894" /></a><figcaption>Antarctic iceberg floating in the Amundsen Sea water, October 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Amundsen Sea</b> is an arm of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> off <a href="/wiki/Marie_Byrd_Land" title="Marie Byrd Land">Marie Byrd Land</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. It lies between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Flying_Fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Flying Fish">Cape Flying Fish</a> (the northwestern tip of <a href="/wiki/Thurston_Island" title="Thurston Island">Thurston Island</a>) to the east and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Dart" title="Cape Dart">Cape Dart</a> on <a href="/wiki/Siple_Island" title="Siple Island">Siple Island</a> to the west. Cape Flying Fish marks the boundary between the Amundsen Sea and the <a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a>. West of Cape Dart there is no named <a href="/wiki/Marginal_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal sea">marginal sea</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> between the Amundsen and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross</a> Seas. The Norwegian expedition of 1928–1929 under Captain <a href="/wiki/Nils_Larsen" title="Nils Larsen">Nils Larsen</a> named the body of water for the Norwegian polar explorer <a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> while exploring this area in February 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-gnisAmundsenSea_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnisAmundsenSea-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sea is mostly ice-covered, and the <a href="/wiki/Thwaites_Glacier#Thwaites_Glacier_Tongue" title="Thwaites Glacier">Thwaites Ice Tongue</a> protrudes into it. The <a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">ice sheet</a> which drains into the Amundsen Sea averages about 3 km (1.9 mi) in thickness; roughly the size of the state of Texas, this area is known as the <b>Amundsen Sea Embayment</b> (ASE); it forms one of the three major ice-drainage basins of the <a href="/wiki/West_Antarctic_Ice_Sheet" title="West Antarctic Ice Sheet">West Antarctic Ice Sheet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Embayment">Embayment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amundsen_Sea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Embayment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rossby_wave#Oceanic_waves" title="Rossby wave">Rossby wave § Oceanic waves</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amundsen_Sea_Icebergs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Amundsen_Sea_Icebergs.jpg/220px-Amundsen_Sea_Icebergs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Amundsen_Sea_Icebergs.jpg/330px-Amundsen_Sea_Icebergs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Amundsen_Sea_Icebergs.jpg/440px-Amundsen_Sea_Icebergs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption>Large B-22 iceberg breaking off from <a href="/wiki/Thwaites_Glacier" title="Thwaites Glacier">Thwaites Glacier</a> and remnants of the B-21 iceberg from <a href="/wiki/Pine_Island_Glacier" title="Pine Island Glacier">Pine Island Glacier</a> in Pine Island Bay to the right of the image</figcaption></figure> <p>The ice sheet that drains into the Amundsen Sea averages about 3 km (1.9 mi) in thickness. It is roughly the size of the state of Texas and is known as the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE); it forms one of the three major ice drainage basins of the <a href="/wiki/West_Antarctic_Ice_Sheet" title="West Antarctic Ice Sheet">West Antarctic Ice Sheet</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Embayment" class="mw-redirect" title="Embayment">Embayment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a> Embayment. </p><p>Some scientists proposed that this region may be a weak underbelly of the <a href="/wiki/West_Antarctic_Ice_Sheet" title="West Antarctic Ice Sheet">West Antarctic Ice Sheet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pine_Island_Glacier" title="Pine Island Glacier">Pine Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thwaites_Glacier" title="Thwaites Glacier">Thwaites</a> Glaciers, which both flow into the Amundsen Sea, are two of Antarctica's largest five. Researchers reported that the flow of these glaciers increased starting in the mid-2000s; if they were to melt completely, global sea levels would <a href="/wiki/Current_sea_level_rise" class="mw-redirect" title="Current sea level rise">rise</a> by about 0.9–1.9 meters (3.0–6.2 feet). Other researchers suggested that the loss of these glaciers would destabilise the entire West Antarctic ice sheet and possibly sections of the <a href="/wiki/East_Antarctic_Ice_Sheet" title="East Antarctic Ice Sheet">East Antarctic Ice Sheet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearce2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearce2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2004 study suggested that because the ice in the Amundsen Sea had been melting rapidly and was riven with cracks, the offshore ice shelf was set to collapse "within five years". The study projected a sea level rise of 1.3 m (4.3 ft) from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet if all the sea ice in the Amundsen Sea melted.<sup id="cite_ref-Flannery_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flannery-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Measurements made by the <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a> in 2005 showed that the ice discharge rate into the Amundsen Sea embayment was about 250 km<sup>3</sup> per year. Assuming a steady rate of discharge, this alone was sufficient to raise global sea levels by 0.2 mm per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Strom2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strom2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A subglacial <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> was detected just north of the Pine Island Glacier near the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Mountains" title="Hudson Mountains">Hudson Mountains</a>. It last erupted approximately 2,200 years ago, indicated by widespread <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> deposits within the ice, in what was the largest known eruption in Antarctica within the prior 10 millennia.<sup id="cite_ref-BlackBBC-ancienteruption_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackBBC-ancienteruption-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CorrVaughan2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CorrVaughan2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volcanic activity may be contributing to the observed increase of glacial flow,<sup id="cite_ref-Mosher2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosher2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the most popular theory is that the flow has increased due to <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_oceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of global warming on oceans">warming ocean water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PayneVieli2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PayneVieli2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shepherd2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shepherd2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This water has warmed due to an upwelling of deep ocean water due to variations in pressure systems, which could have been affected by <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ThomaJenkins2008_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomaJenkins2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antarctic-seas-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Antarctic-seas-en.svg/460px-Antarctic-seas-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="460" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Antarctic-seas-en.svg/690px-Antarctic-seas-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Antarctic-seas-en.svg/920px-Antarctic-seas-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Amundsen Sea as part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In January 2010, a modelling study suggested that the "tipping point" for Pine Island Glacier may have been passed in 1996, with a retreat of 200 kilometers (120 miles) possible by 2100, producing a corresponding 24 cm (0.79 ft) of <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a>. It was suggested that these estimates were conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-Barley2010_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barley2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modelling study also stated that "Given the complex, three-dimensional nature of the real Pine Island glacier ... it should be clear that the [...] model is a very crude representation of reality."<sup id="cite_ref-KatzWorster2010_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KatzWorster2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2023 study estimated that the area lost 3.3 trillion tons of ice between 1996 and 2021, raising sea levels by 9 millimeters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pine_Island_Bay">Pine Island Bay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amundsen_Sea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pine Island Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Pine Island Bay</b> (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amundsen_Sea&params=74_50_S_102_40_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">74°50′S</span> <span class="longitude">102°40′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">74.833°S 102.667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-74.833; -102.667</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is a bay about 40 miles (64 km) long and 30 miles (48 km) wide, into which flows the ice of the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Island_Glacier" title="Pine Island Glacier">Pine Island Glacier</a> at the southeast extremity of the Amundsen Sea. It was delineated from aerial photographs taken by United States Navy (USN) <a href="/wiki/Operation_Highjump" title="Operation Highjump">Operation HIGHJUMP</a> in December 1946, and named by the <a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Antarctic_Names" title="Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names">Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names</a> for the <a href="/wiki/USS_Pine_Island_(AV-12)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Pine Island (AV-12)">USS <i>Pine Island</i></a>, seaplane tender and flagship of the eastern task group of USN Operation HIGHJUMP which explored this area.<sup id="cite_ref-gnisPineIslandBay_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnisPineIslandBay-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russell_Bay">Russell Bay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amundsen_Sea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Russell Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Russell Bay</b> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amundsen_Sea&params=73_27_S_123_54_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°27′S</span> <span class="longitude">123°54′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.450°S 123.900°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-73.450; -123.900</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is a rather open bay in southwestern Amundsen Sea, extending along the north sides of <a href="/wiki/Siple_Island" title="Siple Island">Siple Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Getz_Ice_Shelf" title="Getz Ice Shelf">Getz Ice Shelf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carney_Island" title="Carney Island">Carney Island</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Pranke_Island" title="Pranke Island">Pranke Island</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Gates">Cape Gates</a>. It was mapped by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> from surveys and USN air photos, 1959–66, and named by the <a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Antarctic_Names" title="Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names">Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names</a> for Admiral James S. Russell, <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Vice Chief of Naval Operations">Vice Chief of Naval Operations</a> during the post 1957–58 IGY period.<sup id="cite_ref-gnisRussellBay_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnisRussellBay-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_engineering">Climate engineering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amundsen_Sea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Thwaites_Glacier#Engineering_options_for_stabilization" title="Thwaites Glacier">Thwaites Glacier § Engineering options for stabilization</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thwaites_Glacier&action=edit#Engineering_options_for_stabilization">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolovick2018_Thwaites_sill_timelines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wolovick2018_Thwaites_sill_timelines.png/480px-Wolovick2018_Thwaites_sill_timelines.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wolovick2018_Thwaites_sill_timelines.png/720px-Wolovick2018_Thwaites_sill_timelines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wolovick2018_Thwaites_sill_timelines.png/960px-Wolovick2018_Thwaites_sill_timelines.png 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption>A proposed "underwater sill" blocking 50% of warm water flows heading for the glacier could have the potential to delay its collapse and the resultant sea level rise by many centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Some engineering interventions have been proposed for Thwaites Glacier and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Pine_Island_Glacier" title="Pine Island Glacier">Pine Island Glacier</a> to physically stabilize its ice or to preserve it. These interventions would block the flow of warm ocean water, which currently renders the collapse of these two glaciers practically inevitable even without further warming.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Joughin2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Joughin2014-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A proposal from 2018 included building sills at the Thwaites' <a href="/wiki/Grounding_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Grounding line">grounding line</a> to either physically reinforce it, or to block some fraction of warm water flow. The former would be the simplest intervention, yet equivalent to "the largest civil engineering projects that humanity has ever attempted". It is also only 30% likely to work. Constructions blocking even 50% of the warm water flow are expected to be far more effective, yet far more difficult as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some researchers argued that this proposal could be ineffective, or even accelerate sea level rise.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Moon2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Moon2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors of the original proposal suggested attempting this intervention on smaller sites, like the <a href="/wiki/Jakobshavn_Glacier" title="Jakobshavn Glacier">Jakobshavn Glacier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, as a test.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also acknowledged that this intervention cannot prevent <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> from the increased <a href="/wiki/Ocean_heat_content" title="Ocean heat content">ocean heat content</a>, and would be ineffective in the long run without <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emission" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emission">greenhouse gas emission</a> reductions.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, it was proposed that an installation of underwater <i>curtains</i>, made of a flexible material and anchored to the Amundsen Sea floor would be able to interrupt warm water flow. This approach would reduce costs and increase the longevity of the material (conservatively estimated at 25 years for curtain elements and up to 100 years for the foundations) relative to more rigid structures. With them in place, Thwaites Ice Shelf and Pine Island Ice Shelf would presumably regrow to a state they last had a century ago, thus stabilizing these glaciers.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To achieve this, the curtains would have to be placed at a depth of around 600 metres (0.37 miles) (to avoid damage from <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">icebergs</a> which would be regularly drifting above) and be 80 km (50 mi) long. The authors acknowledged that while work on this scale would be unprecedented and face many challenges in the Antarctic (including <a href="/wiki/Polar_night" title="Polar night">polar night</a> and the currently insufficient numbers of specialized polar ships and underwater vessels), it would also not require any new technology and there is already experience of laying down <a href="/wiki/Pipeline" title="Pipeline">pipelines</a> at such depths.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolovick2023_Thwaites_curtain.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wolovick2023_Thwaites_curtain.jpeg/350px-Wolovick2023_Thwaites_curtain.jpeg" decoding="async" width="350" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Wolovick2023_Thwaites_curtain.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of a proposed "curtain".<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> The authors estimated this project would take a decade to construct, at $40–80 billion initial cost, while the ongoing maintenance would cost $1–2 billion a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, a single <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawall</a> capable of protecting the entire <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> may cost twice as much on its own,<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_MIT2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the global costs of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">adaptation</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> caused by the glaciers' collapse are estimated to reach $40 billion annually:<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors also suggested that their proposal would be competitive with the other <a href="/wiki/Climate_engineering" title="Climate engineering">climate engineering</a> proposals like <a href="/wiki/Stratospheric_aerosol_injection" title="Stratospheric aerosol injection">stratospheric aerosol injection</a> (SAI) or <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal" title="Carbon dioxide removal">carbon dioxide removal</a> (CDR), as while those would stop a much larger spectrum of climate change impacts, their estimated annual costs range from $7–70 billion for SAI to $160–4500 billion for CDR powerful enough to help meet the 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> target.<sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023a-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thwaites_Glacier_Wolovick2023b-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amundsen_Sea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gnisAmundsenSea-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gnisAmundsenSea_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/2020/https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:378">"Amundsen Sea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.atitle=Amundsen+Sea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F2020%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov%2Fapex%2Ff%3Fp%3Dgnispq%3A5%3A%3A%3ANO%3A%3AP5_ANTAR_ID%3A378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmundsen+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearce2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pearce2007_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearce2007" class="citation book cs1">Pearce, Fred (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/withspeedviolenc00pear"><i>With Speed and Violence: Why scientists fear tipping points in climate change</i></a></span>. Beacon Press Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-8576-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-8576-9"><bdi>978-0-8070-8576-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Speed+and+Violence%3A+Why+scientists+fear+tipping+points+in+climate+change&rft.pub=Beacon+Press+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8070-8576-9&rft.aulast=Pearce&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwithspeedviolenc00pear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmundsen+Sea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flannery-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flannery_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlannery2006" class="citation book cs1">Flannery, Tim F. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_seas" title="Template talk:List of seas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_seas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of seas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans" title="Borders of the oceans">oceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">seas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amundsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Sea" title="Cooperation Sea">Cooperation Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Sea" title="Cosmonauts Sea">Cosmonauts Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Sea" title="Davis Sea">Davis Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Urville_Sea" title="D'Urville Sea">D'Urville Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Haakon_VII_Sea" title="King Haakon VII Sea">King Haakon VII Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarev_Sea" title="Lazarev Sea">Lazarev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Sea" title="Mawson Sea">Mawson Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riiser-Larsen_Sea" title="Riiser-Larsen Sea">Riiser-Larsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_Sea" title="Scotia Sea">Scotia Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somov_Sea" title="Somov Sea">Somov Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Gulf" title="Amundsen Gulf">Amundsen Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boothia" title="Gulf of Boothia">Gulf of Boothia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laptev_Sea" title="Laptev Sea">Laptev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechora_Sea" title="Pechora Sea">Pechora Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf_Sea" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea">Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Sea" title="Queen Victoria Sea">Queen Victoria Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandel_Sea" title="Wandel Sea">Wandel Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bay of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camotes_Sea" title="Camotes Sea">Camotes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sea" title="Chilean Sea">Chilean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama" title="Gulf of Panama">Gulf of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Sea" title="Salish Sea">Salish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantar_Sea" title="Shantar Sea">Shantar Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Sea" title="Sibuyan Sea">Sibuyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superocean" title="Superocean">Superocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Seas" title="Category:Seas">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amundsen_Sea&params=73_S_112_W_scale:10000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°S</span> <span class="longitude">112°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73°S 112°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-73; -112</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2429163513752211230009">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1286980/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4502786-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh99000362">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amundsenovo moře"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1065847&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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