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extraction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: energy extraction"> <meta name="keywords" content="energy extraction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="energy extraction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10137</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: energy extraction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10137</span> Mechanisms of Ginger Bioactive Compounds Extract Using Soxhlet and Accelerated Water Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Azian">M. N. Azian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Ilia%20Anisa"> A. N. Ilia Anisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Iwai"> Y. Iwai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanism for extraction bioactive compounds from plant matrix is essential for optimizing the extraction process. As a benchmark technique, a soxhlet extraction has been utilized for discussing the mechanism and compared with an accelerated water extraction. The trends of both techniques show that the process involves extraction and degradation. The highest yields of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in soxhlet extraction were 13.948, 7.12, 10.312 and 2.306 mg/g, respectively. The optimum 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol extracted by the accelerated water extraction at 140oC were 68.97±3.95 mg/g at 3min, 18.98±3.04 mg/g at 5min, 5.167±2.35 mg/g at 3min and 14.57±6.27 mg/g at 3min, respectively. The effect of temperature at 3mins shows that the concentration of 6-shogaol increased rapidly as decreasing the recovery of 6-gingerol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title="mechanism">mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ginger%20bioactive%20compounds" title=" ginger bioactive compounds"> ginger bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soxhlet%20extraction" title=" soxhlet extraction"> soxhlet extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20water%20extraction" title=" accelerated water extraction"> accelerated water extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9278/mechanisms-of-ginger-bioactive-compounds-extract-using-soxhlet-and-accelerated-water-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10136</span> Protein and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae with Ultrasound Assisted Osmotic Shock Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nais%20Pinta%20Adetya">Nais Pinta Adetya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hadiyanto"> H. Hadiyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae has a potential to be utilized as food and natural colorant. The microalgae components consists of three main parts, these are lipid, protein, and carbohydrate. Crucial step in producing lipid and protein from microalgae is extraction. Microalgae has high water level (70-90%), it causes drying process of biomass needs much more energy and also has potential to distract lipid and protein from microalgae. Extraction of lipid from wet biomass is able to take place efficiently with cell disruption of microalgae by osmotic shock method. In this study, osmotic shock method was going to be integrated with ultrasound to maximalize the extraction yield of lipid and protein from wet biomass Spirulina sp. with osmotic shock method assisted ultrasound. This study consisted of two steps, these were osmotic shock process toward wet biomass and ultrasound extraction assisted. NaCl solution was used as osmotic agent, with the variation of concentrations were 10%, 20%, and 30%. Extraction was conducted in 40°C for 20 minutes with frequency of ultrasound wave was 40kHz. The optimal yield of protein (2.7%) and (lipid 38%) were achieved at 20% osmotic agent concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmotic%20shock" title=" osmotic shock"> osmotic shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76886/protein-and-lipid-extraction-from-microalgae-with-ultrasound-assisted-osmotic-shock-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10135</span> Response Surface Methodology to Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Microalgal Lipids </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Hui%20Chen">Yen-Hui Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Walker"> Terry Walker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the world experiences an energy crisis, investing in sustainable energy resources is a pressing mission for many countries. Microalgae-derived biodiesel has attracted intensive attention as an important biofuel, and microalgae Chlorella protothecoides lipid is recognized as a renewable source for microalgae-derived biodiesel production. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) is a promising green solvent that may potentially substitute the use of organic solvents for lipid extraction; however, the efficiency of SC-CO₂ extraction may be affected by many variables, including temperature, pressure and extraction time individually or in combination. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters, including temperature, pressure and extraction time, on C. protothecoides lipid yield by SC-CO₂ extraction. A second order polynomial model provided a good fit (R-square value of 0.94) for the C. protothecoides lipid yield. The linear and quadratic terms of temperature, pressure and extraction time—as well as the interaction between temperature and pressure—showed significant effects on lipid yield during extraction. The optimal lipid yield from the model was predicted as the temperature of 59 °C, the pressure of 350.7 bar and the extraction time 2.8 hours. Under these conditions, the experimental lipid yield (25%) was close to the predicted value. The principal fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of C. protothecoides lipid-derived biodiesel were oleic acid methyl ester (60.1%), linoleic acid methyl ester (18.6%) and palmitic acid methyl ester (11.4%), which made up more than 90% of the total FAMEs. In summary, this study indicated that RSM was useful to characterize the optimization the SC-CO₂ extraction process of C. protothecoides lipid yield, and the second-order polynomial model could be used for predicting and describing the lipid yield very well. In addition, C. protothecoides lipid, extracted by SC-CO₂, was suggested as a potential candidate for microalgae-derived biodiesel production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20protothecoides" title="Chlorella protothecoides">Chlorella protothecoides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipids" title=" microalgal lipids"> microalgal lipids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide%20extraction" title=" supercritical carbon dioxide extraction"> supercritical carbon dioxide extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65325/response-surface-methodology-to-supercritical-carbon-dioxide-extraction-of-microalgal-lipids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10134</span> Analytical Study of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Extraction with Salicylidene O-, M-, and P-Toluidine in Chloroform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Almi">Sana Almi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Barkat"> Djamel Barkat </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The solvent extraction of cobalt (II) and nickel (II) from aqueous sulfate solutions were investigated with the analytical methods of slope analysis using salicylidene aniline and the three isomeric o-, m- and p-salicylidene toluidine diluted with chloroform at 25°C. By a statistical analysis of the extraction data, it was concluded that the extracted species are CoL2 with CoL2(HL) and NiL2 (HL denotes HSA, HSOT, HSMT, and HSPT). The extraction efficiency of Co(II) was higher than Ni(II). This tendency is confirmed from numerical extraction constants for each metal cations. The best extraction was according to the following order: HSMT > HSPT > HSOT > HSA for Co2+ and Ni2+. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title="solvent extraction">solvent extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%28II%29" title=" nickel(II)"> nickel(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%28II%29" title=" cobalt(II)"> cobalt(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylidene%20aniline" title=" salicylidene aniline"> salicylidene aniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=o-" title=" o-"> o-</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-" title=" m-"> m-</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20p-salicylidene%20toluidine" title=" and p-salicylidene toluidine"> and p-salicylidene toluidine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21677/analytical-study-of-cobaltii-and-nickelii-extraction-with-salicylidene-o-m-and-p-toluidine-in-chloroform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10133</span> Clean Coal Using Coal Bed Methane: A Pollution Control Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arish%20Iqbal">Arish Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Singh"> Santosh Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy from coal is one of the major source of energy throughout the world but taking into consideration its effect on environment 'Clean Coal Technologies' (CCT) came into existence. In this paper we have we studied why CCT’s are essential and what are the different types of CCT’s. Also, the coal and CCT scenario in India is introduced. Coal Bed Methane one of major CCT area is studied in detail. Different types of coal bed methane and its methods of extraction are discussed. The different problem areas during the extraction of CBM are identified and discussed. How CBM can be used as a fuel for future is also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBM%20%28coal%20bed%20methane%29" title="CBM (coal bed methane)">CBM (coal bed methane)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCS%20%28carbon%20capture%20and%20storage%29" title=" CCS (carbon capture and storage)"> CCS (carbon capture and storage)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCT%20%28clean%20coal%20technology%29" title=" CCT (clean coal technology)"> CCT (clean coal technology)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMM%20%28coal%20mining%20methane%29" title=" CMM (coal mining methane)"> CMM (coal mining methane)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218/clean-coal-using-coal-bed-methane-a-pollution-control-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10132</span> The Effects of Ultrasound on the Extraction of Ficus deltoidea Leaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Aimi%20Syairah%20Mohd%20Abdul%20Alim">Nur Aimi Syairah Mohd Abdul Alim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azilah%20Ajit"> Azilah Ajit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Z.%20Sulaiman"> A. Z. Sulaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the extraction of Vitexin and Iso-Vitexin from Ficus deltoidea plants. In recent years, ultrasound technology has been found to be a potential herbal extraction technique. The passage of ultrasound energy in a liquid medium generates mechanical agitation and other physical effects due to acoustic cavitation. The main goal is to optimised ultrasonic-assisted extraction condition providing the highest extraction yield with the most desirable antioxidant activity and stability. Thus, a series of experiments has been developed to investigate the effect of ultrasound energy on the vegetal material and the implemented parameters by using HPLC-photodiode array detection. The influences of several experimental parameters on the ultrasonic extraction of Ficus deltoidea leaves were investigated: extraction time (1-8 h), solvent-to-water ratio (1:10 to 1:50), temperature (50–100 °C), duty cycle (10–continuous sonication) and intensity. The extracts at the optimized condition were compared with those obtained by conventional boiling extraction, in terms of bioactive constituents yield and chemical composition. The compounds of interest identified in the extracts were Vitexin and Isovitexin, which possess anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Results showed that the main variables affecting the extraction process were temperature and time. Though in less extent, solvent-to-water ratio, duty cycle and intensity are also demonstrated to be important parameters. The experimental values under optimal conditions were in good consistent with the predicted values, which suggested that ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is more efficient process as compared to conventional boiling extraction. It recommended that ultrasound extraction of Ficus deltoidea plants are feasible to replace the traditional time-consuming and low efficiency preparation procedure in the future modernized and commercialized manufacture of this highly valuable herbal medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ficus" title="Ficus">Ficus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasounds" title=" ultrasounds"> ultrasounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitexin" title=" vitexin"> vitexin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isovitexin" title=" isovitexin"> isovitexin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28134/the-effects-of-ultrasound-on-the-extraction-of-ficus-deltoidea-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10131</span> Extraction of Essential Oil From Orange Peels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayush%20Bhisikar">Aayush Bhisikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Rajas"> Neha Rajas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Bhingare"> Aditya Bhingare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samarth%20Bhandare"> Samarth Bhandare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amruta%20Amrurkar"> Amruta Amrurkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orange peels are currently thrown away as garbage in India after orange fruits' edible components are consumed. However, the nation depends on important essential oils for usage in companies that produce goods, including food, beverages, cosmetics, and medicines. This study was conducted to show how to effectively use it. By using various extraction techniques, orange peel is used in the creation of essential oils. Stream distillation, water distillation, and solvent extraction were the techniques taken into consideration in this paper. Due to its relative prevalence among the extraction techniques, Design Expert 7.0 was used to plan an experimental run for solvent extraction. Oil was examined to ascertain its physical and chemical characteristics after extraction. It was determined from the outcomes that the orange peels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20peels" title="orange peels">orange peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title=" distillation"> distillation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173039/extraction-of-essential-oil-from-orange-peels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10130</span> Extraction of Essential Oil from Orange Peels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Rajas">Neha Rajas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayush%20Bhisikar"> Aayush Bhisikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samarth%20Bhandare"> Samarth Bhandare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Bhingare"> Aditya Bhingare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amruta%20Amrutkar"> Amruta Amrutkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orange peels are currently thrown away as garbage in India after orange fruits' edible components are consumed. However, the nation depends on important essential oils for usage in companies that produce goods, including food, beverages, cosmetics, and medicines. This study was conducted to show how to effectively use it. By using various extraction techniques, orange peel is used in the creation of essential oils. Stream distillation, water distillation, and solvent extraction were the techniques taken into consideration in this paper. Due to its relative prevalence among the extraction techniques, Design Expert 7.0 was used to plan an experimental run for solvent extraction. Oil was examined to ascertain its physical and chemical characteristics after extraction. It was determined from the outcomes that the orange peels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20peels" title="orange peels">orange peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title=" distillation"> distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173321/extraction-of-essential-oil-from-orange-peels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10129</span> Literature Review: Microalgae as Functional Foods with Solvent Free Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Justina%20Kumalaputri">Angela Justina Kumalaputri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia, as a maritime country, has abundant marine living resources yet has not been optimally utilized. So far, we only focusing on fisheries. In the other hand, Indonesia, as the country with the fourth longest coastline, is a very good cultivation place for microalgae. Microalgae can be diversified to many important products, such as food, fuel, pharmaceutical products, functional food, and cosmetics.This research is focusing on the literature study about types of microalgae as sources for functional foods (such as antioxidants), including the contents and the separation methods. The research methods which we use are: (1) Literature study about various microalgaes (2) Literature study about extractions using supercritical fluid of CO₂, which are free from toxic organic solvents, environmentally friendly, and safe for food products. Supercritical fluid extraction using CO₂ (low critical points: temperature at 31.1 oC and pressure at 72.9 bars) could be done at a low temperature which are suitable for temperature labile compounds, low energy, and faster extraction time compared with conventional method of extraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title="antioxidants">antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20fluid%20extraction" title=" supercritical fluid extraction"> supercritical fluid extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent-free%20extraction" title=" solvent-free extraction"> solvent-free extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169668/literature-review-microalgae-as-functional-foods-with-solvent-free-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10128</span> Efficient Energy Extraction Circuit for Impact Harvesting from High Impedance Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Keddis">Sherif Keddis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Azzam"> Mohamed Azzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norbert%20Schwesinger"> Norbert Schwesinger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Harvesting mechanical energy from footsteps or other impacts is a possibility to enable wireless autonomous sensor nodes. These can be used for a highly efficient control of connected devices such as lights, security systems, air conditioning systems or other smart home applications. They can also be used for accurate location or occupancy monitoring. Converting the mechanical energy into useful electrical energy can be achieved using the piezoelectric effect offering simple harvesting setups and low deflections. The challenge facing piezoelectric transducers is the achievable amount of energy per impact in the lower mJ range and the management of such low energies. Simple setups for energy extraction such as a full wave bridge connected directly to a capacitor are problematic due to the mismatch between high impedance sources and low impedance storage elements. Efficient energy circuits for piezoelectric harvesters are commonly designed for vibration harvesters and require periodic input energies with predictable frequencies. Due to the sporadic nature of impact harvesters, such circuits are not well suited. This paper presents a self-powered circuit that avoids the impedance mismatch during energy extraction by disconnecting the load until the source reaches its charge peak. The switch is implemented with passive components and works independent from the input frequency. Therefore, this circuit is suited for impact harvesting and sporadic inputs. For the same input energy, this circuit stores 150% of the energy in comparison to a directly connected capacitor to a bridge rectifier. The total efficiency, defined as the ratio of stored energy on a capacitor to available energy measured across a matched resistive load, is 63%. Although the resulting energy is already sufficient to power certain autonomous applications, further optimization of the circuit are still under investigation in order to improve the overall efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20sensors" title="autonomous sensors">autonomous sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circuit%20design" title=" circuit design"> circuit design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title=" energy harvesting"> energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20harvester" title=" impact harvester"> impact harvester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectricity" title=" piezoelectricity"> piezoelectricity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100737/efficient-energy-extraction-circuit-for-impact-harvesting-from-high-impedance-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10127</span> Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Lycopene from Gac Arils (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yardfon%20Tanongkankit">Yardfon Tanongkankit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanjana%20Narkprasom"> Kanjana Narkprasom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nukrob%20Narkprasom"> Nukrob Narkprasom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khwanruthai%20Saiupparat"> Khwanruthai Saiupparat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatthareeya%20Siriwat"> Phatthareeya Siriwat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng) possesses high potential for health food as it contains high lycopene contents. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of lycopene from gac arils using the microwave extraction method. Response surface method was used to find the conditions that optimize the extraction of lycopene from gac arils. The parameters of extraction used in this study were extraction time (120-600 seconds), the solvent to sample ratio (10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1 and 50:1 mL/g) and set microwave power (100-800 watts). The results showed that the microwave extraction condition at the extraction time of 360 seconds, the sample ratio of 30:1 mL/g and the microwave power of 450 watts were suggested since it exhibited the highest value of lycopene content of 9.86 mg/gDW. It was also observed that lycopene contents extracted from gac arils by microwave method were higher than that by the conventional method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20extraction" title="conventional extraction">conventional extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gac%20arils" title=" Gac arils"> Gac arils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave-assisted%20extraction" title=" microwave-assisted extraction"> microwave-assisted extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lycopene" title=" Lycopene"> Lycopene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62117/microwave-assisted-extraction-of-lycopene-from-gac-arils-momordica-cochinchinensis-lour-spreng" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10126</span> Solvent extraction of molybdenum (VI) with two organophosphorus reagents TBP and D2EHPA under microwave irradiations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Boucherit">Ahmed Boucherit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Khalaf"> Hussein Khalaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Paredes"> Eduardo Paredes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Luis%20Todol%C3%AD"> José Luis Todolí</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solvent extraction studies of molybdenum (VI) with two organophosphorus reagents namely TBP and D2EHPA have been carried out from aqueous acidic solutions of HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4 under microwave irradiations. The extraction efficiencies of the investigated extractants in the extraction of molybdenum (Vl) were compared. Extraction yield was found unchanged when microwave power varied in the range 20-100 Watts from H2SO4 or H3PO4 but it decreases in the range 20-60 Watts and increases in the range 60-100 Watts when TBP is used for extraction of molybdenum (VI) from 1 M HCl solutions. Extraction yield of molybdenum (VI) was found higher with TBP for HCl molarities greater than 1 M than with D2EHPA for H3PO4 molarities lower than 1 M. Extraction yield increases with HCl molarities in the range 0.50 - 1.80 M but it decreases with the increase in H2SO4 and H3PO4 molarities in the range of 0.05 - 1 M and 0.50 - 1 M, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molybdenum" title=" molybdenum"> molybdenum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent" title=" solvent"> solvent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22227/solvent-extraction-of-molybdenum-vi-with-two-organophosphorus-reagents-tbp-and-d2ehpa-under-microwave-irradiations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">642</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10125</span> Surface Modification of TiO2 Layer with Phosphonic Acid Monolayer in Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of Chain Length and Terminal Functional Group</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seid%20Yimer%20Abate">Seid Yimer Abate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Chi%20%20Huang"> Ding-Chi Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Tai%20Tao"> Yu-Tai Tao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, charge extraction characteristics at the perovskite/TiO2 interface in the conventional perovskite solar cell is studied by interface engineering. Self-assembled monolayers of phosphonic acids with different chain length and terminal functional group were used to modify mesoporous TiO2 surface to modulate the surface property and interfacial energy barrier to investigate their effect on charge extraction and transport from the perovskite to the mp-TiO2 and then the electrode. The chain length introduces a tunnelling distance and the end group modulate the energy level alignment at the mp-TiO2 and perovskite interface. The work function of these SAM-modified mp-TiO2 varied from −3.89 eV to −4.61 eV, with that of the pristine mp-TiO2 at −4.19 eV. A correlation of charge extraction and transport with respect to the modification was attempted. The study serves as a guide to engineer ETL interfaces with simple SAMs to improve the charge extraction, carrier balance and device long term stability. In this study, a maximum PCE of ~16.09% with insignificant hysteresis was obtained, which is 17% higher than the standard device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Energy%20level%20alignment" title="Energy level alignment">Energy level alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interface%20engineering" title=" Interface engineering"> Interface engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perovskite%20solar%20cells" title=" Perovskite solar cells"> Perovskite solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phosphonic%20acid%20monolayer" title=" Phosphonic acid monolayer"> Phosphonic acid monolayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunnelling%20distance" title=" Tunnelling distance"> Tunnelling distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125966/surface-modification-of-tio2-layer-with-phosphonic-acid-monolayer-in-perovskite-solar-cells-effect-of-chain-length-and-terminal-functional-group" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10124</span> Solvent Free Microwave Extraction of Essential Oils: A Clean Chemical Processing in the Teaching and Research Laboratory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ferhat">M. A. Ferhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Boukhatem"> M. N. Boukhatem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Chemat"> F. Chemat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microwave Clevenger or microwave accelerated distillation (MAD) is a combination of microwave heating and distillation, performed at atmospheric pressure without added any solvent or water. Isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are performed by a single stage. MAD extraction of orange essential oil was studied using fresh orange peel from Valencia late cultivar oranges as the raw material. MAD has been compared with a conventional technique, which used a Clevenger apparatus with hydro-distillation (HD). MAD and HD were compared in term of extraction time, yields, chemical composition and quality of the essential oil, efficiency and costs of the process. Extraction of essential oils from orange peels with MAD was better in terms of energy saving, extraction time (30 min versus 3 h), oxygenated fraction (11.7% versus 7.9%), product yield (0.42% versus 0.39%) and product quality. Orange peels treated by MAD and HD were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Micrographs provide evidence of more rapid opening of essential oil glands treated by MAD, in contrast to conventional hydro-distillation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clevenger" title="clevenger">clevenger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%3B%20hydro-distillation" title=" extraction; hydro-distillation"> extraction; hydro-distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20peel" title=" orange peel"> orange peel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37240/solvent-free-microwave-extraction-of-essential-oils-a-clean-chemical-processing-in-the-teaching-and-research-laboratory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10123</span> Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Phenolic Compounds from Deverra Scoparia Coss and Dur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roukia%20Hammoudi">Roukia Hammoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chabrouk%20Farid"> Chabrouk Farid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dehak%20Karima"> Dehak Karima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfoud%20Hadj%20Mahammed"> Mahfoud Hadj Mahammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Didi%20Ouldelhadj"> Mohamed Didi Ouldelhadj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to optimise the extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from Deverra scoparia Coss and Dur. Apiaceae plant by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The effects of solvent type (acetone, ethanol and methanol), solvent concentration (%), extraction time (mins) and extraction temperature (°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) were determined. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be acetone concentration of 80%, extraction time of 25 min and extraction temperature of 25°C. Under the optimized conditions, the value for TPC was 9.68 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g of extract. The study of the antioxidant power of these oils was performed by the method of DPPH. The results showed that antioxidant activity of the Deverra scoparia essential oil was more effective as compared to ascorbic acid and trolox. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deverra%20scoparia" title="Deverra scoparia">Deverra scoparia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20assisted%20extraction" title=" ultrasound assisted extraction"> ultrasound assisted extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenolic%20content" title=" total phenolic content"> total phenolic content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23755/optimization-of-extraction-conditions-for-phenolic-compounds-from-deverra-scoparia-coss-and-dur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10122</span> Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Phenolic Compounds from Deverra scoparia Coss. and Dur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roukia%20Hammoudi">Roukia Hammoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dehak%20Karima"> Dehak Karima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chabrouk%20Farid"> Chabrouk Farid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfoud%20Hadj%20Mahammed"> Mahfoud Hadj Mahammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Didi%20Ouldelhadj"> Mohamed Didi Ouldelhadj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to optimise the extraction conditions for phenolic compounds from Deverra scoparia Coss and Dur. Apiaceae plant by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The effects of solvent type (Acetone, Ethanol and methanol), solvent concentration (%), extraction time (mins) and extraction temperature (°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) were determined. the optimum extraction conditions were found to be acetone concentration of 80%, extraction time of 25 min and extraction temperature of 25°C. Under the optimized conditions, the value for TPC was 9.68 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g of extract. The study of the antioxidant power of these oils was performed by the method of DPPH. The results showed that antioxidant activity of the Deverra scoparia essential oil was more effective as compared to ascorbic acid and trolox. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deverra%20scoparia" title="Deverra scoparia">Deverra scoparia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20compounds" title=" phenolic compounds"> phenolic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20assisted%20extraction" title=" ultrasound assisted extraction"> ultrasound assisted extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20phenolic%20content" title=" total phenolic content"> total phenolic content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25874/optimization-of-extraction-conditions-for-phenolic-compounds-from-deverra-scoparia-coss-and-dur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10121</span> Change of Flavor Characteristics of Flavor Oil Made Using Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito) According to Extraction Temperature and Extraction Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyeong-Suk%20Jo">Gyeong-Suk Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-Hyun%20Ji"> Soo-Hyun Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=You-Seok%20Lee"> You-Seok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Hwa%20Kang"> Jeong-Hwa Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To develop an flavor oil using Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito), infiltration extraction method was used to add dried mushroom flavor of Sarcodon aspratus to base olive oil. Edible base oil used during infiltration extraction was pressed olive oil, and infiltration extraction was done while varying extraction temperature to 20, 30, 40 and 50(℃) extraction time to 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Amount of Sarcodon aspratus added to base oil was 20% compared to 100% of base oil. Production yield of Sarcodon aspratus flavor oil decreased with increasing extraction frequency. Aroma intensity was 2195~2447 (A.U./1㎖), and it increased with increasing extraction temperature and extraction time. Chromaticity of Sarcodon aspratus flavor oil was bright pale yellow with pH of 4.5, sugar content of 71~72 (°Brix), and highest average turbidity of 16.74 (Haze %) shown by the 40℃ group. In the aromatic evaluation, increasing extraction temperature and extraction time resulted in increase of cheese aroma, savory sweet aroma and beef jerky aroma, as well as spicy taste comprised of slight bitter taste, savory taste and slight acrid taste, to make aromatic oil with unique flavor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavor%20Characteristics" title="Flavor Characteristics">Flavor Characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavor%20Oil" title=" Flavor Oil"> Flavor Oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Infiltration%20extraction%20method" title=" Infiltration extraction method"> Infiltration extraction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mushroom" title=" mushroom"> mushroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarcodon%20aspratus%20%28Sarcodon%20aspratus%20Berk.%20S.%20Ito%29" title=" Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito)"> Sarcodon aspratus (Sarcodon aspratus Berk. S. Ito)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76522/change-of-flavor-characteristics-of-flavor-oil-made-using-sarcodon-aspratus-sarcodon-aspratus-berk-s-ito-according-to-extraction-temperature-and-extraction-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10120</span> The Effect of Different Extraction Techniques on the Yield and the Composition of Oil (Laurus Nobilis L.) Fruits Widespread in Syria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Mawardi">Khaled Mawardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) is an evergreen of the Laurus genus of the Lauraceae Family. It is a plant native to the southern Mediterranean and widespread in Syria. It is a plant with enormous industrial applications. For instance, they are used as platform chemicals in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Herein, we report an efficient extraction of Bay laurel oil from Bay laurel fruits via a comparative investigation of boiled water conventional extraction technique and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) by microwave heating at atmospheric pressure. In order to optimize the extraction efficiency, we investigated several extraction parameters, such as extraction time and microwave power. In addition, to demonstrate the feasibility of the method, oil obtained under optimal conditions by method (MAE) was compared quantitatively and qualitatively with that obtained by the conventional method. After 1h of microwave-assisted extraction (power of 600W), an oil yield of 9.8% with identified lauric acid content of 22.7%. In comparison, an extended extraction of up to 4h was required to obtain a 9.7% yield of oil extraction with 21.2% of lauric acid content. The change in microwave power impacts the fatty acids profile and also the quality parameters of Laurel Oil. It was found that the profile of fatty acids changed with the power, where the lauric acid content increased from 22.7% at 600W to 30.5% at 1200W owing to a decrease of oleic acid content from 32.8% at 600W to 28.3% at 1200W and linoleic acid content from 22.3% at 600W to 20.6% at 1200W. In addition, we observed a decrease in oil yield from 9.8% at 600W to 5.1% at 1200W. Summarily, the overall results indicated that the extraction of laurel fruit oils could be successfully performed using (MAE) at a short extraction time and lower energy compared with the fixed oil obtained by conventional processes of extraction. Microwave heating exerted more aggressive effects on the oil. Indeed, microwave heating inflicted changes in the fatty acids profile of oil; the most affected fraction was the unsaturated fatty acids, with higher susceptibility to oxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwaves" title="microwaves">microwaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurel%20oil" title=" Laurel oil"> Laurel oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent-free" title=" solvent-free"> solvent-free</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163430/the-effect-of-different-extraction-techniques-on-the-yield-and-the-composition-of-oil-laurus-nobilis-l-fruits-widespread-in-syria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10119</span> Determinaton of Processing Parameters of Decaffeinated Black Tea by Using Pilot-Scale Supercritical CO₂ Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saziye%20Ilgaz">Saziye Ilgaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atilla%20Polat"> Atilla Polat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a need for development of new processing techniques to ensure safety and quality of final product while minimizing the adverse impact of extraction solvents on environment and residue levels of these solvents in final product, decaffeinated black tea. In this study pilot scale supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) extraction was used to produce decaffeinated black tea in place of solvent extraction. Pressure (250, 375, 500 bar), extraction time (60, 180, 300 min), temperature (55, 62.5, 70 °C), CO₂ flow rate (1, 2 ,3 LPM) and co-solvent quantity (0, 2.5, 5 %mol) were selected as extraction parameters. The five factors BoxBehnken experimental design with three center points was performed to generate 46 different processing conditions for caffeine removal from black tea samples. As a result of these 46 experiments caffeine content of black tea samples were reduced from 2.16 % to 0 – 1.81 %. The experiments showed that extraction time, pressure, CO₂ flow rate and co-solvent quantity had great impact on decaffeination yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Optimum extraction parameters obtained of decaffeinated black tea were as follows: extraction temperature of 62,5 °C, extraction pressure of 375 bar, CO₂ flow rate of 3 LPM, extraction time of 176.5 min and co-solvent quantity of 5 %mol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide" title="supercritical carbon dioxide">supercritical carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decaffeination" title=" decaffeination"> decaffeination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20tea" title=" black tea"> black tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58747/determinaton-of-processing-parameters-of-decaffeinated-black-tea-by-using-pilot-scale-supercritical-co2-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10118</span> Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for the Determination of Polyphenols</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Senem%20Suna">Senem Suna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extraction of bioactive compounds from several food/food products comes as an important topic and new trend related with health promoting effects. As a result of the increasing interest in natural foods, different methods are used for the acquisition of these components especially polyphenols. However, special attention has to be paid to the selection of proper techniques or several processing technologies (supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, powdered extracts production) for each kind of food to get maximum benefit as well as the obtainment of phenolic compounds. In order to meet consumer’s demand for healthy food and the management of quality and safety requirements, advanced research and development are needed. In this review, advantages, and disadvantages of different extraction methods, their opportunities to be used in food industry and the effects of polyphenols are mentioned in details. Consequently, with the evaluation of the results of several studies, the selection of the most suitable food specific method was aimed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactives" title="bioactives">bioactives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powdered%20extracts" title=" powdered extracts"> powdered extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20fluid%20extraction" title=" supercritical fluid extraction"> supercritical fluid extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89849/comparison-of-different-extraction-methods-for-the-determination-of-polyphenols" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10117</span> Solvent Extraction of Rb and Cs from Jarosite Slag Using t-BAMBP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Haiyan">Zhang Haiyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Zujun"> Su Zujun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Fengqi"> Zhao Fengqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lepidolite after extraction of Lithium by sulfate produced many jarosite slag which contains a lot of Rb and Cs.The separation and recovery of Rubidium(Rb) and Cesium(Cs) can make full of use of Lithium mica. XRF analysis showed that the slag mainly including K Rb Cs Al and etc. Fractional solvent extraction tests were carried out; the results show that using20% t-BAMBP plus 80% sulfonated kerosene, the separation of Rb and Cs can be achieved by adjusting the alkalinity. Extraction is the order of Cs Rb, ratio of Cs to Rb and ratio of Rb to K can reach above 1500 and 2500 respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesium" title="cesium">cesium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jarosite%20slag" title=" jarosite slag"> jarosite slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubidium" title=" rubidium"> rubidium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title=" solvent extraction"> solvent extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t-BAMBP" title=" t-BAMBP"> t-BAMBP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82683/solvent-extraction-of-rb-and-cs-from-jarosite-slag-using-t-bambp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">588</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10116</span> Removal Cobalt (II) and Copper (II) by Solvent Extraction from Sulfate Solutions by Capric Acid in Chloroform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bara">A. Bara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Barkat"> D. Barkat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liquid-liquid extraction is one of the most useful techniques for selective removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions, applied in purification processes in numerous chemical and metallurgical industries. In this work, The liquid-liquid extraction of cobalt (II) and copper (II) from aqueous solution by capric acid (HL) in chloroform at 25°C has been studied. Our interest in this paper is to study the effect of concentration of capric acid on the extraction of Co(II) and Cu(II) to see the complexes could be formed in the organic phase using various concentration of capric acid. The extraction of cobalt (II) and copper (II) is extracted as the complex CoL2 (HL )2, CuL2 (HL)2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capric%20acid" title="capric acid">capric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cobalt%28II%29" title=" Cobalt(II)"> Cobalt(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%28II%29" title=" copper(II)"> copper(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-liquid%20extraction" title=" liquid-liquid extraction "> liquid-liquid extraction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27656/removal-cobalt-ii-and-copper-ii-by-solvent-extraction-from-sulfate-solutions-by-capric-acid-in-chloroform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10115</span> Optimizing Microwave Assisted Extraction of Anti-Diabetic Plant Tinospora cordifolia Used in Ayush System for Estimation of Berberine Using Taguchi L-9 Orthogonal Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20Satija">Saurabh Satija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munish%20Garg"> Munish Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present work reports an efficient extraction method using microwaves based solvent–sample duo-heating mechanism, for the extraction of an important anti-diabetic plant Tinospora cordifolia from AYUSH system for estimation of berberine content. The process is based on simultaneous heating of sample matrix and extracting solvent under microwave energy. Methanol was used as the extracting solvent, which has excellent berberine solubilizing power and warms up under microwave attributable to its great dispersal factor. Extraction conditions like time of irradition, microwave power, solute-solvent ratio and temperature were optimized using Taguchi design and berberine was quantified using high performance thin layer chromatography. The ranked optimized parameters were microwave power (rank 1), irradiation time (rank 2) and temperature (rank 3). This kind of extraction mechanism under dual heating provided choice of extraction parameters for better precision and higher yield with significant reduction in extraction time under optimum extraction conditions. This developed extraction protocol will lead to extract higher amounts of berberine which is a major anti-diabetic moiety in Tinospora cordifolia which can lead to development of cheaper formulations of the plant Tinospora cordifolia and can help in rapid prevention of diabetes in the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berberine" title="berberine">berberine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi" title=" Taguchi"> Taguchi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58304/optimizing-microwave-assisted-extraction-of-anti-diabetic-plant-tinospora-cordifolia-used-in-ayush-system-for-estimation-of-berberine-using-taguchi-l-9-orthogonal-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10114</span> Urdu Text Extraction Method from Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samabia%20Tehsin">Samabia Tehsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Kausar"> Sumaira Kausar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the vast increase in the multimedia data in recent years, efficient and robust retrieval techniques are needed to retrieve and index images/ videos. Text embedded in the images can serve as the strong retrieval tool for images. This is the reason that text extraction is an area of research with increasing attention. English text extraction is the focus of many researchers but very less work has been done on other languages like Urdu. This paper is focusing on Urdu text extraction from video frames. This paper presents a text detection feature set, which has the ability to deal up with most of the problems connected with the text extraction process. To test the validity of the method, it is tested on Urdu news dataset, which gives promising results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caption%20text" title="caption text">caption text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content-based%20image%20retrieval" title=" content-based image retrieval"> content-based image retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document%20analysis" title=" document analysis"> document analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20extraction" title=" text extraction"> text extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9566/urdu-text-extraction-method-from-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10113</span> Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Cymbopogon martini Essential Oil and Comparison of Its Composition with Traditionally Extracted Oils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarti%20Singh">Aarti Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anees%20Ahmad"> Anees Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oil was extracted from lemon grass (Cymbopogon martini) with supercritical carbondioxide (SC-CO2) at pressure of 140 bar and temperature of 55 °C and CO2 flow rate of 8 gmin-1, and its composition and yield were compared with other conventional extraction methods of oil, HD (Hydrodistillation), SE (Solvent Extraction), UAE (Ultrasound Assisted Extraction). SC-CO2 extraction is a green and sustainable extraction technique. Each oil was analysed by GC-MS, the major constituents were neral (44%), Z-citral (43%), geranial (27%), caryophyllene (4.6%) and linalool (1%). The essential oil of lemon grass is valued for its neral and citral concentration. The oil obtained by supercritical carbon-dioxide extraction contained maximum concentration of neral (55.05%) whereas ultrasonication extracted oil contained minimum content (5.24%) and it was absent in solvent extracted oil. The antioxidant properties have been assessed by DPPH and superoxide scavenging methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cymbopogon%20martini" title="cymbopogon martini">cymbopogon martini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT-IR" title=" FT-IR"> FT-IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPTLC" title=" HPTLC"> HPTLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SC-CO2" title=" SC-CO2"> SC-CO2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36550/supercritical-co2-extraction-of-cymbopogon-martini-essential-oil-and-comparison-of-its-composition-with-traditionally-extracted-oils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10112</span> Optimization, Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Cymbopogon citratus: Comparative Study with Microwave Assisted Extraction and Hydrodistillation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irsha%20Dhotre">Irsha Dhotre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cymbopogon citratus is generally known as Indian Lemongrass and is widely applicable in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, dairy puddings, and food industries. To enhance the quality of extraction, microwave-oven-aided hydro distillation processes were implemented. The basic parameter which influences the rate of extraction is considered, such as the temperature of extraction, the time required for extraction, and microwave-oven power applied. Locally available CKP 25 Cymbopogon citratus was used for the extraction of essential oil. Optimization of Extractions Parameters and full factorial Box–Behnken design (BBD) evaluated by using Design expert 13 software. The regression model revealed that the optimum parameters required for extractions are a temperature of 35℃, a time of extraction of 130 minutes, and microwave-oven power of 700 W. The extraction efficiency of yield is 4.76%. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the significant components present in the extraction of lemongrass oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box%E2%80%93Behnken%20design" title="Box–Behnken design">Box–Behnken design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cymbopogon%20citratus" title=" Cymbopogon citratus"> Cymbopogon citratus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro%20distillation" title=" hydro distillation"> hydro distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave-oven" title=" microwave-oven"> microwave-oven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160880/optimization-yield-and-chemical-composition-of-essential-oil-from-cymbopogon-citratus-comparative-study-with-microwave-assisted-extraction-and-hydrodistillation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10111</span> The Eco-Efficient Construction: A Review of Embodied Energy in Building Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Scalisi">Francesca Scalisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesare%20Sposito"> Cesare Sposito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The building construction industry consumes a large amount of resources and energy, both during construction (embodied energy) and during the operational phase (operating energy). This paper presents a review of the literature on low carbon and low embodied energy materials in buildings. The embodied energy comprises the energy consumed during the extraction, processing, transportation, construction, and demolition of building materials. While designing a nearly zero energy building, it is necessary to choose and use materials, components, and technologies that allow to reduce the consumption of energy and also to reduce the emissions in the atmosphere during all the Life Cycle Assessment phases. The appropriate choice of building materials can contribute decisively to reduce the energy consumption of the building sector. The increasing worries for the environmental impact of construction materials are witnessed by a lot of studies. The mentioned worries have brought again the attention towards natural materials. The use of more sustainable construction materials and construction techniques represent a major contribution to the eco-efficiency of the construction industry and thus to a more sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20energy" title="embodied energy">embodied energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20carbon" title=" embodied carbon"> embodied carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20construction" title=" material construction"> material construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77543/the-eco-efficient-construction-a-review-of-embodied-energy-in-building-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10110</span> Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted from Algerian Citrus fruits Using Microwaves and Hydrodistillation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferhat%20Mohamed%20Amine">Ferhat Mohamed Amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukhatem%20Mohamed%20Nadjib"> Boukhatem Mohamed Nadjib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chemat%20Farid"> Chemat Farid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solvent-free-microwave-extraction (SFME) is a combination of microwave heating and distillation, performed at atmospheric pressure without added any solvent or water. Isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are performed by a single stage. SFME extraction of orange essential oil was studied using fresh orange peel from Valencia late cultivar oranges as the raw material. SFME has been compared with a conventional technique, which used a Clevenger apparatus with hydro-distillation (HD). SFME and HD were compared in term of extraction time, yields, chemical composition and quality of the essential oil, efficiency and costs of the process. Extraction of essential oils from orange peels with SFME was better in terms of energy saving, extraction time (30 min versus 3 h), oxygenated fraction (11.7% versus 7.9%), product yield (0.42% versus 0.39%) and product quality. Orange peels treated by SFME and HD were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Micrographs provide evidence of more rapid opening of essential oil glands treated by SFME, in contrast to conventional hydro-distillation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro-distillation" title="hydro-distillation">hydro-distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orange%20peel" title=" orange peel"> orange peel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20free%20microwave" title=" solvent free microwave"> solvent free microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20SFME" title=" extraction SFME"> extraction SFME</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38432/comparative-study-of-essential-oils-extracted-from-algerian-citrus-fruits-using-microwaves-and-hydrodistillation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10109</span> Green Chemical Processing in the Teaching Laboratory: A Convenient Solvent Free Microwave Extraction of Natural Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Ferhat">Mohamed Amine Ferhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Nadjib%20Bouhatem"> Mohamed Nadjib Bouhatem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Chemat"> Farid Chemat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the principal aims of sustainable and green processing development remains the dissemination and teaching of green chemistry to both developed and developing nations. This paper describes one attempt to show that “north-south” collaborations yield innovative sustainable and green technologies which give major benefits for both nations. In this paper we present early results from a solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) of essential oils using fresh orange peel, a byproduct in the production of orange juice. SFME is performed at atmospheric pressure without added any solvent or water. SFME increases essential oil yield and eliminate wastewater treatment. The procedure is appropriate for the teaching laboratory, and allows the students to learn extraction, chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis skills, and are expose to dramatic visual example of rapid, sustainable and green extraction of essential oil, and are introduced to commercially successful sustainable and green chemical processing with microwave energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title="essential oil">essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20processing" title=" green processing"> green processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30661/green-chemical-processing-in-the-teaching-laboratory-a-convenient-solvent-free-microwave-extraction-of-natural-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10108</span> Modeling and Prediction of Zinc Extraction Efficiency from Concentrate by Operating Condition and Using Artificial Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mousavian">S. Mousavian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ashouri"> D. Ashouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mousavian"> F. Mousavian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Nikkhah%20Rashidabad"> V. Nikkhah Rashidabad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ghazinia"> N. Ghazinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PH, temperature, and time of extraction of each stage, agitation speed, and delay time between stages effect on efficiency of zinc extraction from concentrate. In this research, efficiency of zinc extraction was predicted as a function of mentioned variable by artificial neural networks (ANN). ANN with different layer was employed and the result show that the networks with 8 neurons in hidden layer has good agreement with experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20extraction" title="zinc extraction">zinc extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20condition" title=" operating condition"> operating condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2475/modeling-and-prediction-of-zinc-extraction-efficiency-from-concentrate-by-operating-condition-and-using-artificial-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20extraction&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20extraction&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20extraction&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20extraction&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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