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accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Rekenkunde" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Rekenkunde" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Rekenkunde" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Rekenkunde" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ontwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berekenings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berekenings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Berekenings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Berekenings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Berekenings subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Berekenings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Optelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Optelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftrekking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftrekking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Aftrekking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftrekking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vermenigvuldiging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vermenigvuldiging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Vermenigvuldiging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vermenigvuldiging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Deling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magsverheffing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magsverheffing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Magsverheffing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magsverheffing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worteltrekking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worteltrekking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Worteltrekking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worteltrekking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Getalstelsels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Getalstelsels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Getalstelsels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Getalstelsels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rekenkunde</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 160 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-160" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">160 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetik" title="Arithmetik – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arithmetik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%89%81%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AD" title="ሥነ ቁጥር – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ቁጥር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حسابيات – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حسابيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="পাটীগণিত – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাটীগণিত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesab" title="Hesab – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hesab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%97tmet%C4%97ka" title="Arėtmetėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arėtmetėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арыфметыка – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арыфметыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арытмэтыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арытмэтыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аритметика – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аритметика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="পাটিগণিত – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাটিগণিত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Арифметикэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Арифметикэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A8tica" title="Aritmètica – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aritmètica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95" title="ژمێرە – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژمێرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esap" title="Esap – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esap" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhifyddeg" title="Rhifyddeg – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhifyddeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetik" title="Arithmetik – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arithmetik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Αριθμητική – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμητική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetiko" title="Aritmetiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aritmetiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmeetika" title="Aritmeetika – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aritmeetika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetiikka" title="Aritmetiikka – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aritmetiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvokunst" title="Arvokunst – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Arvokunst" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqusa" title="Maqusa – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Maqusa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tique" title="Arithmétique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arithmétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmeetik" title="Aritmeetik – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aritmeetik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uimhr%C3%ADocht" title="Uimhríocht – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uimhríocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tik" title="Aritmétik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Aritmétik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80ireamhachd" title="Àireamhachd – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Àireamhachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ank%E2%80%8Cgonnit" title="Ank‌gonnit – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Ank‌gonnit" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4" title="અંકગણિત – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અંકગણિત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אריתמטיקה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריתמטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1mtan" title="Számtan – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Թվաբանություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թվաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Թուաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetiko" title="Aritmetiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aritmetiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talnareikningur" title="Talnareikningur – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talnareikningur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmitik" title="Aritmitik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aritmitik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sapme%27ocmaci" title="sapme'ocmaci – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sapme'ocmaci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A8lmu_%C3%A9tung" title="Ngèlmu étung – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ngèlmu étung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="არითმეტიკა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არითმეტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arifmetika" title="Arifmetika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Arifmetika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutanga" title="Kutanga – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kutanga" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetikki" title="Aritmetikki – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Aritmetikki" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4" title="ಅಂಕಗಣಿತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂಕಗಣಿತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%88%A0" title="산술 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveronieth" title="Niveronieth – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Niveronieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetega" title="Aritmetega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aritmetega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C4%93tika" title="Aritmētika – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aritmētika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аритметика – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аритметика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="അങ്കഗണിതം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അങ്കഗണിതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%8F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="ဂဏန်းသင်္ချာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂဏန်းသင်္ချာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C5%8Dhuall%C5%8Dtl" title="Tlapōhuallōtl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapōhuallōtl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemeteca" title="Artemeteca – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Artemeteca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetik" title="Arithmetik – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Arithmetik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अङ्क गणित – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अङ्क गणित" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="अंकगणित – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अंकगणित" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenen" title="Rekenen – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rekenen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetikk" title="Aritmetikk – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aritmetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetikk" title="Aritmetikk – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aritmetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetike" title="Aritmetike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Aritmetike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakxii" title="Lakxii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lakxii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Арифметикæ – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Арифметикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4" title="ਅੰਕ ਗਣਿਤ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਕ ਗਣਿਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tika" title="Aritmétika – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Aritmétika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arytmetyka" title="Arytmetyka – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arytmetyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A9tica" title="Aritmética – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aritmética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupa_hap%27ichiy" title="Yupa hap'ichiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yupa hap'ichiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetic%C4%83" title="Aritmetică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aritmetică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аріфметіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Аріфметіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="अङ्कगणितम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अङ्कगणितम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A8tica" title="Aritmètica – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aritmètica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetica" title="Aritmetica – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aritmetica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arithmetic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwandu" title="Huwandu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Huwandu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аритметика – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аритметика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesabu" title="Hesabu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hesabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்கணிதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்கணிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Ҳисоб – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳисоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="เลขคณิต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลขคณิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aritmetika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisob" title="Hisob – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hisob" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik" title="Aritmetik – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aritmetik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhlayo-tinomboro" title="Tinhlayo-tinomboro – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tinhlayo-tinomboro" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%81%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ئارىفمېتىكا – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئارىفمېتىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="حساب – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حساب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arifmetika" title="Arifmetika – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arifmetika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A8tega" title="Aritmètega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Aritmètega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arifmetik" title="Arifmetik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Arifmetik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Số học – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Số học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkulav" title="Kalkulav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kalkulav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritmetik%C3%A1" title="Aritmetiká – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aritmetiká" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" title="算术 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="算术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арифметика – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Арифметика" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-arithmetic" title="I-arithmetic – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-arithmetic" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="არითმეტიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არითმეტიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="אריטמעטיק – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אריטמעטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C%E1%B9%A3%C3%ADr%C3%B2" title="Ìṣírò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìṣírò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenen" title="Rekenen – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rekenen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" title="算术 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="算术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C3%A0n-su%CC%8Dt" title="Soàn-su̍t – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Soàn-su̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93" title="算術 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="算術" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuphicinani" title="Ubuphicinani – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubuphicinani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" 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href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Rekenkunde" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&oldid=2669984" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Rekenkunde&id=2669984&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRekenkunde"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRekenkunde"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rekenkunde"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rekenkunde&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11205" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><b>Rekenkunde</b> het betrekking op die praktiese bewerking van <a href="/wiki/Getal" title="Getal">getalle</a>. Die rekenkunde is dan ook vroeër <i>l’arte min ore</i> ("die kleinere kuns") genoem in teenstelling met die meer teoretiese <i>I'arte maggiore</i> ofte wel <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>. Die algebra is veral toegespits op die teorie van rekenkundige bewerkings en die oplos van vergelykings. </p><p>Die onderskeid tussen rekenkunde en algebra kan egter nie altyd baie skerp getref word nie. Die kuns van die rekenkunde word al lank bedryf, en dit was 'n praktiese vaardigheid wat byvoorbeeld deur priesters, astroloë en handelaars in <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babiloni%C3%AB" title="Babilonië">Babilonië</a> en <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> beoefen is. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontwikkeling">Ontwikkeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Ontwikkeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ontwikkeling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oor die werklike ontstaan en die vroegste ontwikkeling van die getalbegrip kan daar slegs gegis word. In <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> is daar byvoorbeeld 'n vonds gemaak van gekerfde bene (kerfstokke) wat uit die Vroeë <a href="/wiki/Steentydperk" title="Steentydperk">Steentydperk</a> dateer (ongeveer 25 000 jaar gelede). </p><p>Op hierdie kerfstokke is kort kerfies in groepies van 5, asook 'n aantal langer kerwe aangebring. Dit dui daarop dat daar lank voor die geskrewe woord reeds ŉ getalbegrip was. Die rekenkunde is veral sterk gestimuleer deur die handel (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruilhandel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruilhandel (bladsy bestaan nie)">ruilhandel</a>) wat tussen die ou volke gedryf is. By 'n gebrek aan hulpmiddels is die vingers eers gebruik om mee te tel. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot die ontwikkeling van talle vingerrekenstelsels, wat vir 'n lang tyd in stand gebly het. </p><p>Dit is dus nie verbasend dat die tientallige (desimale) stelsel byvoorbeeld met die eeue so sterk ontwikkel het nie. Naas die vingerrekening is die kerfstokrekening ook vir 'n tyd bedryf, maar die beste vordering is gemaak met die gebruik van die telraam of die <a href="/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus">abakus</a>. Dit het uit ŉ raamwerk met lyne of drade bestaan waarop byvoorbeeld krale ingeryg was. Die drade het die eenhede, tientalle, honderdtalle, ensovoorts, voorgestel, terwyl die krale die hoeveelheid van elk aangedui het. </p><p>Die Romeine was veral lief vir die klein handabakus, wat selfs vandag nog in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Midde-Ooste" title="Midde-Ooste">Midde-Ooste</a> op groot skaal gebruik word. Dit is opvallend dat die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeine</a> by die abakus 'n posisiestelsel gehad het wat nie in hulle <a href="/w/index.php?title=Getalstelsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Getalstelsel (bladsy bestaan nie)">getalstelsel</a> (Romeinse syfers) voorgekom het nie. Na die verval van die Romeinse beskawing het die abakus in die 11e en 12e eeu in Europese kloosters opgeduik. Die abakus is byvoorbeeld op perkament geteken en skyfies in die plek van krale gebruik. In Wes- en <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Europa" title="Sentraal-Europa">Sentraal-Europa</a> is die abakus mettertyd deur 'n lynrekenstelsel vervang. </p><p>Aan die begin van die 13e eeu is die Arabiese syferstelsel en –rekenkunde in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> bekend gestel. Die stelsel het die algoritmes bevat wat vandag nog vir die 4 basiese bewerkings (optel, aftrek, vermenigvuldig, deel) gebruik word. Die abakus is toe ook deur potlood en papier vervang. Die Italiaanse koopman en geleerde <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_van_Pisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo van Pisa">Leonardo van Pisa</a> (<a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a>) -<a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a>), ook bekend as <a href="/wiki/Fibonacci" title="Fibonacci">Fibonacci</a>, het hom veral vir die invoer van die Arabiese wiskunde beywer. Spoedig het die leerlinge in Venesië onderrig in die nuwe rekenkunde ontvang. Daar was egter ook hewige verset teen die sogenaamde Moslemse nuwigheid. </p><p>Die syfers kon volgens die syferteenstanders te maklik vervals word, en daaruit het die gebruik voortgespruit om 'n bedrag op 'n tjek in syfers sowel as woorde te skryf. Die gebruik van syfers is in een stadium selfs heeltemal verbied. Die eenvoud en die doeltreffendheid van die syferrekenkunde het egter die oorhand gekry, te meer aan die hand van die ontwikkeling van die wis- en <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a>, waarin ingewikkelde berekenings gedoen moes word. </p><p>Die Skotse wiskundige <a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a> (<a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a> -<a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>) het ŉ belangrike bydrae gelewer tot die vereenvoudiging van rekenkundige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bewerkings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bewerkings (bladsy bestaan nie)">bewerkings</a>. Hy het onder meer die vermenigvuldiging van getalle vereenvoudig tot 'n optel van die getalle. In die 17e en 18e eeu is uitvoerige berekeningstabelle opgestel waaruit die antwoorde van berekenings regstreeks afgelees kon word. Dit het egter meegebring dat bewerkings dikwels lomp in plaas van eenvoudig was. </p><p>Uitvinders het toe met rekenmasjiene begin eksperimenteer waarmee die beperking van tabelle uitgeskakel kon word. Eenvoudige bewerkings is met behulp van hoofrekene en uitvoeriger berekenings met behulp van rekenmasjiene gedoen. Hoewel rekenmasjiene baie daartoe bydra om berekenings te vergemaklik, moet die gebruiker daarvan egter steeds die nodige insig in die rekenkunde verwerf om te weet watter resultate hy kan verwag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berekenings">Berekenings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Berekenings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Berekenings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die rekenkunde is gerig op praktiese berekenings met getalle, dit wil sê doelgerigte bewerkings waaruit 'n antwoord in syfers verskaf word. Afgesien van die basiese berekenings, naamlik <a href="/wiki/Optel" title="Optel">optel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aftrek" title="Aftrek">aftrek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermenigvuldiging" title="Vermenigvuldiging">vermenigvuldig</a> en deel, is daar ook die sogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Magsverheffing" title="Magsverheffing">magsverheffing</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worteltrekking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worteltrekking (bladsy bestaan nie)">worteltrekking</a>, ensovoorts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optelling">Optelling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Optelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Optelling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die handeling van tel is die eenvoudigste rekenbewerking waarby 'n getal met bepaalde inkremente vergroot word (1, 2, 3 ... of 5, 10, 15 ... ensovoorts). Daaruit spruit willekeurige vermeerdering waarby 'n optelbewerking dan gedoen word (5 + 3 = 8). In die voorbeeld 5 + 3 = 8 word die nuwe hoeveelheid (8) die som genoem en 5 en 3 die terme, terwyl + die teken van handeling is. </p><p>Oor die algemeen kan die <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>ïese vergelyking a + b= c gebruik word, waar a en b willekeurige getalle kan wees. Alle optelberekenings kan teruggevoer word na die optel van 2 enkelsyfergetalle volgens die algoritme of optelmetode wat in die onderstaande opteltabel verskyn. (5 (in die horisontale kolom) + 5 (in die vertikale kolom) = 10.) Verder kan elke getal in bepaalde eenhede ingedeel word, naamlik eentalle, tientalle, honderdtalle, ensovoorts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftrekking">Aftrekking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Aftrekking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Aftrekking"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aftrek is die omgekeerde bewerking van optel, waarby 'n getal met 'n bepaalde dekrement (10, 8, 6 ..) of willekeurig verminder kan word. Die algemene skryfwyse is a - b = c, waar c die verskil is. Die algoritme van aftrek is nou verwant aan die van optel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vermenigvuldiging">Vermenigvuldiging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Vermenigvuldiging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vermenigvuldiging"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vermenigvuldiging kan as 'n herhaalde optelling beskou word, byvoorbeeld 4 + 4 + 4+ 4 + 4 = 20. Aangesien die term 4 egter 5 keer daarin voorkom, word dit ook geskryf as SX 4 = 20. Die algemene skryfwyse is a X b = c of a.b. = c, waar c die produk van a en b is. Die <a href="/wiki/Algoritme" title="Algoritme">algoritme</a> van vermenigvuldiging kan ook in 'n vermenigvuldigingstabel saamgevat word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deling">Deling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Deling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Deling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deling is die omgekeerde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bewerking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bewerking (bladsy bestaan nie)">bewerking</a> van vermenigvuldiging. Die algemene skryfwyse is a/b = c, waar a die deeltal is, b die deler, c die kwosiënt en / die teken vir deel. Deling kan herlei word tot ŉ herhaalde aftrekking, en die algoritme van deling kan ook uit ŉ vermenigvuldigingstabel gevind word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magsverheffing">Magsverheffing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Magsverheffing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Magsverheffing"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanneer vermenigvuldiging met 'n bepaalde faktor herhaal word, byvoorbeeld 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3, word dit ook geskryf as 3<sup>5</sup>, waar 3 die grondtal en 5 die eksponent is. By die berekening van byvoorbeeld 35 word die resultaat (243) dikwels die mag genoem. Die algemene skryfwyse is ab= c, en vir die <a href="/wiki/Eksponent" title="Eksponent">eksponent</a> 0 is die afspraak dat a<sup>0</sup>= 1. Vir magsverheffing is daar geen spesiale algoritme nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worteltrekking">Worteltrekking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Worteltrekking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Worteltrekking"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Worteltrekking is die omgekeerde bewerking van magsverheffing. Waar die antwoord vir die uitdrukking a<sup>b</sup> by magsverheffing gevind moet word, is die probleemstelling by worteltrekking gewoonlik om die wortel of die grondtal (a) te vind. Die skryfwyse is a= <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{b}]{c}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{b}]{c}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fbb27d2b57d17bd7f17366db5c258898f4d164de" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.943ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{b}]{c}}}"></span>, en wanneer b = 2. dit wil sê a<sup>2</sup> of a X a word dit 'n <a href="/wiki/Vierkantswortel" title="Vierkantswortel">vierkantswortel</a> genoem . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Getalstelsels">Getalstelsels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Getalstelsels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Getalstelsels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die 10-tallige ofte wel die desimale stelsel kan al die getalle in terme van eenhede, meervoude of magte van 10 uitgedruk word. Die getal 1 024 kan byvoorbeeld as volg uitgedruk word:   </p><p>1 024= 1 X 10<sup>3</sup>+ 2 X 10<sup>1</sup> + 4 X 10<sup>0</sup> Oor die algemeen is die skryfwyse </p><p>vir enige getal (abcd) in 'n p-tallige stelsel (met gekose <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grondtal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grondtal (bladsy bestaan nie)">grondtal</a>, byvoorbeeld 10, 2, ensovoorts): a X p<sup>3</sup>+ b X p<sup>2</sup>+ c X p<sup>1</sup> +d X p<sup>0</sup>=abcd. Die <a href="/wiki/Bin%C3%AAre_getallestelsel" title="Binêre getallestelsel">binêre of 2-tallige getalstelsel</a> het net 2 syfers , naamlik 0 en 1. Die desimale ekwivalent van byvoorbeeld die binêre getal 1 101 word as volg verkry: </p><p>1101 = 1 X 2<sup>3</sup> + 1 X 2<sup>2</sup> + 0 X 2<sup>1</sup> + 1 X 2<sup>0</sup> = 13 (<a href="/wiki/Desimale_breuke" title="Desimale breuke">desimaal</a>). </p><p>Die binêre ekwivalente van die desimale syfers 0 tot 9 word in die tabel aangegee: </p><p>0 = 0000 </p><p>1 =0001 </p><p>2= 0010 </p><p>3 = 0011 </p><p>4=0100 </p><p>5= 0101 </p><p>6 = 0110 </p><p>7 =0111 </p><p>8 = 1000 </p><p>9= 1001 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekenkunde&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span 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