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Greater Sudbury - Wikipedia

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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><p><b>Sudbury</b>, officially the <b>City of Greater Sudbury</b>, is the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario" title="Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a> by population, with a population of 166,004 at the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Canadian Census">2021 Canadian Census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By land area, it is the largest in Ontario and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Canada_by_area" title="List of the largest cities and towns in Canada by area">fifth largest in Canada</a>. It is administratively a <a href="/wiki/List_of_census_divisions_of_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of census divisions of Ontario">single-tier municipality</a> and thus is not part of any district, county, or <a href="/wiki/Regional_municipality" title="Regional municipality">regional municipality</a>. The City of Greater Sudbury is separate from, but entirely surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_District" title="Sudbury District">Sudbury District</a>. The city is also referred to as "<i><b>Ville du <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grand Sudbury</i></span></b></i>"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among <a href="/wiki/Franco-Ontarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Ontarian">Francophones</a>. </p><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Greater Sudbury</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ontario" title="List of cities in Ontario">City</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">single-tier</a>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Greater Sudbury<br><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ville du Grand Sudbury</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudbury_downtown.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Sudbury"><img alt="Downtown Sudbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sudbury_downtown.JPG/250px-Sudbury_downtown.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sudbury_downtown.JPG/375px-Sudbury_downtown.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sudbury_downtown.JPG/500px-Sudbury_downtown.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="757"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Sudbury</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Sudbury_Ontario.svg/200px-Flag_of_Sudbury_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Greater_Sudbury,_Canada.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Greater Sudbury"><img alt="Coat of arms of Greater Sudbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_arms_of_Greater_Sudbury%2C_Canada.png/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greater_Sudbury%2C_Canada.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_arms_of_Greater_Sudbury%2C_Canada.png/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greater_Sudbury%2C_Canada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_arms_of_Greater_Sudbury%2C_Canada.png/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Greater_Sudbury%2C_Canada.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="356"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Sudbury" title="Coat of arms of Sudbury">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Sudbury_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Greater Sudbury"><img alt="Official logo of Greater Sudbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Greater_Sudbury_logo.svg/100px-Greater_Sudbury_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Greater_Sudbury_logo.svg/150px-Greater_Sudbury_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Greater_Sudbury_logo.svg/200px-Greater_Sudbury_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="100"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/List_of_city_nicknames_and_slogans_in_Canada#Ontario" title="List of city nicknames and slogans in Canada">"Nickel Capital", "Nickel City", "The Big Nickel" "City of Lakes", "Sudz" (colloquially)</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Aedificemus</i></span><br><small>(<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "Come, let us build together"</small>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ontario_GREATER_SUDBURY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Map_of_Ontario_GREATER_SUDBURY.svg/250px-Map_of_Ontario_GREATER_SUDBURY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Map_of_Ontario_GREATER_SUDBURY.svg/375px-Map_of_Ontario_GREATER_SUDBURY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Map_of_Ontario_GREATER_SUDBURY.svg/500px-Map_of_Ontario_GREATER_SUDBURY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="330"></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greater Sudbury is located in Canada"><img alt="Greater Sudbury is located in Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/250px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/375px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/500px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:86.248%;left:63.196%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Greater Sudbury"><img alt="Greater Sudbury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Greater Sudbury</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Greater Sudbury in Canada</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Greater_Sudbury&amp;params=46_34_40_N_81_04_10_W_region:CA-ON_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°34′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°04′10″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.57778°N 81.06944°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.57778; -81.06944</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1883</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated (Town)</th><td class="infobox-data">1893 (as Sudbury)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Re-Incorporated (City)</th><td class="infobox-data">1930 (as Sudbury)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">2001 (as Greater Sudbury)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Greater_Sudbury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Greater Sudbury">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lefebvre_(Canadian_politician)" title="Paul Lefebvre (Canadian politician)">Paul Lefebvre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing Body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury_City_Council" title="Greater Sudbury City Council">Greater Sudbury City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Viviane_Lapointe" title="Viviane Lapointe">Viviane Lapointe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a>)<br><a href="/wiki/Marc_Serr%C3%A9" title="Marc Serré">Marc Serré</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">MPPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France_G%C3%A9linas" title="France Gélinas">France Gélinas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">NDP</a>)<br><a href="/wiki/Jamie_West" title="Jamie West">Jamie West</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">NDP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ontario" title="List of cities in Ontario">City</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">single-tier</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,228.35 km<sup>2</sup> (1,246.47 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">75.93 km<sup>2</sup> (29.32 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,924.48 km<sup>2</sup> (1,515.25 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">347.5 m (1,140.1 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-Census_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ontario" title="List of cities in Ontario">City</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">single-tier</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">166,004 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">29th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">49.7/km<sup>2</sup> (129/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">92,093<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,159.7/km<sup>2</sup> (3,004/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">170,605 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in Canada">24th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">49.5/km<sup>2</sup> (128/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_code#Forward_sortation_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian postal code">Forward sortation area</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/List_of_P_postal_codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of P postal codes of Canada">P3A to P3G, P3L, P3N, P3P, P3Y</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_705_and_249" class="mw-redirect" title="Area codes 705 and 249">705/249</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone exchanges</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>705</i>–207, 222, 280, 396, 397, 479, 507, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 546, 547, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 556, 560, 561, 562, 564, 566, 585, 596, 618, 626, 662, 664, 665, 669, 670, 671, 673, 674, 675, 677, 682, 688, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 698, 699, 805, 822, 853, 855, 858, 866, 867, 897, 898, 899, 919, 920, 929, 966, 967, 969, 983 <i>249</i>-810, 878</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highways in Ontario">Highways</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ontario_17_crown.svg/24px-Ontario_17_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ontario_17_crown.svg/36px-Ontario_17_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ontario_17_crown.svg/48px-Ontario_17_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601"></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TCH-blank.svg/24px-TCH-blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TCH-blank.svg/36px-TCH-blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TCH-blank.svg/48px-TCH-blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="629"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_17" title="Ontario Highway 17">Highway 17</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">TCH</a><br><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ontario_400_crown.svg/24px-Ontario_400_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ontario_400_crown.svg/36px-Ontario_400_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ontario_400_crown.svg/48px-Ontario_400_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601"></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TCH-blank.svg/24px-TCH-blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TCH-blank.svg/36px-TCH-blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TCH-blank.svg/48px-TCH-blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="629"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_400" title="Ontario Highway 400">Highway 400</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">TCH</a></span><br><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ontario_144_crown.svg/24px-Ontario_144_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ontario_144_crown.svg/36px-Ontario_144_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ontario_144_crown.svg/48px-Ontario_144_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601"></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_144" title="Ontario Highway 144">Highway 144</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> (Greater Sudbury <abbr title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>9.7 billion (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP per capita (Greater Sudbury <abbr title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data">CA$54,491 (2016)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatersudbury.ca/">www.greatersudbury.ca</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Sudbury region was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> people of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_people" title="Algonquin people">Algonquin group</a> for thousands of years prior to the founding of Sudbury after the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> ore in 1883 during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greater Sudbury was formed in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former <a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Sudbury" title="Regional Municipality of Sudbury">Regional Municipality of Sudbury</a> with several previously unincorporated townships. Being located inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal, with average January lows of around −18 °C (0 °F) and average July highs of 25 °C (77 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-EnvironmentCanada_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvironmentCanada-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population resides in an urban core and many smaller communities scattered around 330 lakes and among hills of rock blackened by historical <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelting</a> activity. Sudbury was once a major lumber center and a world leader in nickel mining. Mining and related industries dominated the economy for much of the 20th century. The two major mining companies which shaped the history of Sudbury were Inco, now <a href="/wiki/Vale_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale Limited">Vale Limited</a>, which employed more than 25% of the population by the 1970s, and <a href="/wiki/Falconbridge_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Falconbridge Ltd.">Falconbridge</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a>. Sudbury has since expanded from its resource-based economy to emerge as the major retail, economic, health, and educational center for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury is also home to a large <a href="/wiki/Franco-Ontarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Ontarian">Franco-Ontarian</a> population, which influences its arts and culture. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Toponymy"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Toponymy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Administration"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Administration</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Municipal_politics"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Municipal politics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Federal_and_provincial_politics"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Federal and provincial politics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Utilities"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Utilities</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Communities"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Communities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Arts"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Arts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Festivals"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Festivals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Literature"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Literature</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Music"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Music</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Attractions"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Attractions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Ethnicity"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ethnicity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Language"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Language</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Film_industry"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Film industry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Architecture"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Architecture</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Infrastructure"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Emergency_services"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Emergency services</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Public_transportation"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Public transportation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Air"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Air</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Intercity_transportation"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Intercity transportation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Roads_and_highways"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Roads and highways</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Media"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Notable_people"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Notable people</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>James Worthington, the superintendent of construction on the Northern Ontario segment of the railway, selected the name Sudbury after <a href="/wiki/Sudbury,_Suffolk" title="Sudbury, Suffolk">Sudbury, Suffolk</a>, in England, which was the hometown of his wife Caroline Hitchcock.<sup id="cite_ref-canadianencyclopedia_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canadianencyclopedia-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's official name was changed to Greater Sudbury in 2001, when it was amalgamated with its suburban towns into the current city, on the grounds of ensuring that the merger did not erase the longstanding community identities of the outlying towns.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In everyday usage, however, the city is still more commonly referred to as just Sudbury. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The Sudbury region was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> people of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_people" title="Algonquin people">Algonquin group</a> as early as 9,000 years ago following the retreat of the last continental ice sheet.<sup id="cite_ref-canadianencyclopedia_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canadianencyclopedia-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1850, local Ojibwe chiefs entered into an agreement with the British Crown to share a large tract of land, including what is now Sudbury, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Treaty#Robinson_Huron_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Robinson Treaty">Robinson Huron Treaty</a>. In exchange the Crown pledged to pay an annuity to <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people, which was originally set at $1.60 per treaty member and increased incrementally; its last increase was in 1874, leaving it fixed at $4.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> were the first to establish a European settlement when they set up a <a href="/wiki/Mission_(station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (station)">mission</a> called Sainte-Anne-des-Pins, just before the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> in 1883. The Sainte-Anne-des-Pins church played a prominent role in the development of Franco-Ontarian culture in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-plaque_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plaque-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coincidentally, Ste-Anne is the Patron Saint of Miners.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudbury_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sudbury_1888.jpg/220px-Sudbury_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="461"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sudbury_1888.jpg/220px-Sudbury_1888.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sudbury_1888.jpg/330px-Sudbury_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sudbury_1888.jpg/440px-Sudbury_1888.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> junction in Sudbury in 1888. Construction for the railway led to the discovery of high concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>-<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ore</a> at the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Basin" title="Sudbury Basin">Sudbury Basin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During construction of the railway in 1883, blasting and excavation revealed high concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>-<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ore</a> at <a href="/wiki/Murray_Mine" title="Murray Mine">Murray Mine</a> on the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Basin" title="Sudbury Basin">Sudbury Basin</a>. This discovery brought the first waves of European settlers, who arrived not only to work at the mines, but also to build a service station for railway workers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sudbury was incorporated as a town in 1893,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its first mayor was Joseph Étienne aka <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fournier" title="Stephen Fournier">Stephen Fournier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American inventor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> visited the Sudbury area as a prospector in 1901. He is credited with the original discovery of the ore body at <a href="/wiki/Nickel_Centre#Falconbridge" title="Nickel Centre">Falconbridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rich deposits of <a href="/wiki/Millerite" title="Millerite">nickel sulphide</a> ore were discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Basin" title="Sudbury Basin">Sudbury Basin</a> geological formation. The construction of the railway allowed exploitation of these mineral resources and shipment of the commodities to markets and ports, as well as large-scale lumber extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mining began to replace lumber as the primary industry as the area's transportation network was improved to include trams. These enabled workers to live in one community and work in another.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sudbury's economy was dominated by the mining industry for much of the 20th century. Two major mining companies were created: <a href="/wiki/Vale_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale Limited">Inco</a> in 1902 and <a href="/wiki/Falconbridge_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Falconbridge Ltd.">Falconbridge</a> in 1928. They became two of the city's major employers and two of the world's leading producers of nickel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co,_Ontario_(HS85-10-27230).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg/220px-Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="783"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 69px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg/220px-Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="69" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg/330px-Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg/440px-Bird%27s_Eye_View_of_the_Smelting_Works_of_the_Canadian_Copper_Co%2C_Ontario_%28HS85-10-27230%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>Smelting works of the Canadian Copper Company prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Most of the nickel mined from Sudbury was used in the manufacturing of artillery during the war.</figcaption></figure> <p>Through the decades that followed, Sudbury's economy went through boom and bust cycles as world demand for nickel fluctuated. Demand was high during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, when Sudbury-mined nickel was used extensively in the manufacturing of artillery in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, England. It bottomed out when the war ended and then rose again in the mid-1920s as peacetime uses for nickel began to develop. The town was reincorporated as a city in 1930. </p><p>The city recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Canada" title="Great Depression in Canada">Great Depression</a> much more quickly than almost any other city in North America due to increased demand for nickel in the 1930s. Sudbury was the fastest-growing city and one of the wealthiest cities in Canada for most of the decade. Many of the city's social problems in the Great Depression era were not caused by unemployment or poverty, but due to the difficulty in keeping up with all of the new infrastructure demands created by rapid growth — for example, employed mineworkers sometimes ended up living in <a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">boarding houses</a> or makeshift <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shanty towns</a>, because demand for new housing was rising faster than supply.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1936 and 1941, the city was ordered into <a href="/wiki/Receivership" title="Receivership">receivership</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Municipal_Board" title="Ontario Municipal Board">Ontario Municipal Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another economic slowdown affected the city in 1937, but the city's fortunes rose again with wartime demands during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Frood_Mine" title="Frood Mine">Frood Mine</a> alone accounted for 40 percent of all the nickel used in <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> production during the war. After the end of the war, Sudbury was in a good position to supply nickel to the United States government when it decided to stockpile non-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> supplies during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_in_Sudbury,_Ontario,_circa_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg/220px-Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg/220px-Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg/330px-Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg/440px-Banner_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_circa_1942.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>Banner welcoming <a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(hard_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (hard rock)">hard rock</a> miners into Sudbury. Nickel mines became vital to the war effort, with <a href="/wiki/Frood_Mine" title="Frood Mine">Frood Mine</a> accounting for 40 percent of all nickel used in <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> artillery production.</figcaption></figure> <p>The open coke beds used in the early to mid-20th century and logging for fuel resulted in a near-total loss of native vegetation in the area. Consequently, the terrain was made up of exposed rocky outcrops permanently stained charcoal black by the air pollution from the roasting yards. <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">Acid rain</a> added more staining, in a layer that penetrates up to 3 in (76 mm) into the once pink-grey <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Inco_Superstack" title="Inco Superstack">Inco Superstack</a> in 1972 dispersed sulphuric acid through the air over a much wider area, reducing the acidity of local precipitation. This enabled the municipality, province and Inco and academics from <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a> to begin an environmental recovery program in the late 1970s, labelled a "regreening" effort. <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">Lime</a> was spread over the charred soil by hand and by aircraft. Seeds of wild <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a> and other vegetation were also spread. As of 2010, 9.2 million new trees have been planted in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vale_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale Limited">Vale</a> has begun to rehabilitate the <a href="/wiki/Spoil_tip" title="Spoil tip">slag heaps</a> that surrounds their smelter in the Copper Cliff area with the planting of grass and trees,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the use of <a href="/wiki/Biosolids" title="Biosolids">biosolids</a> to stabilize and regreen <a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">tailings</a> areas.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg/250px-CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 333px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg/250px-CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="333" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg/375px-CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg/500px-CREIGHTON-fault-sudbury-basin-science-north.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Creighton_fault" title="Creighton fault">Creighton fault</a> as it passes under <a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1978, the workers of Sudbury's largest mining corporation, Inco (now Vale), <a href="/wiki/1978_INCO_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 INCO strike">embarked on a strike</a> over production and employment cutbacks. The strike, which lasted for nine months, badly damaged Sudbury's economy. The city government was spurred to launch a project to diversify the city's economy. </p><p>A unique and visionary project, <a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a> was inaugurated in 1984 with two-snowflake styled buildings connected by a tunnel through the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian shield">Canadian shield</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Creighton_fault" title="Creighton fault">Creighton fault</a> intersects the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Ramsey">Lake Ramsey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pearson85_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pearson85-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city tried to attract new employers and industries through the 1980s and 1990s with mixed success.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Sudbury and its suburban communities, which were reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Sudbury" title="Regional Municipality of Sudbury">Regional Municipality of Sudbury</a> in 1973, was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg/220px-Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="688"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg/220px-Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg/330px-Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg/440px-Sudbury_smokestack_1976.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Inco_Superstack" title="Inco Superstack">Inco Superstack</a> in 1976, four years after its completion. It was built to disperse sulphuric acid and reduce the acidity of local precipitation.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2006, both of the city's major mining companies, Canadian-based Inco and Falconbridge, were taken over by new owners: Inco was acquired by the Brazilian company CVRD (now renamed <a href="/wiki/Vale_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale (company)">Vale</a>), while Falconbridge was purchased by the Swiss company <a href="/wiki/Xstrata" title="Xstrata">Xstrata</a>, which itself was purchased by Anglo–Swiss Glencore, forming <a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore Xstrata</a>. Xstrata donated the historic <a href="/wiki/Edison_Building_(Falconbridge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edison Building (Falconbridge)">Edison Building</a>, the onetime head office of Falconbridge, to the city in 2007 to serve as the new home of the municipal archives.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 19, 2008, a fire destroyed the historic <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Steelworkers_Hall" title="Sudbury Steelworkers Hall">Sudbury Steelworkers Hall</a> on Frood Road.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strike at Vale's operations, which began on July 13, 2009, was tentatively resolved in July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2009 strike lasted longer than the devastating 1978 strike, but had a much more modest effect on the city's economy than the earlier action—unlike in 1978, the local rate of <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> <i>declined</i> slightly during the 2009 strike.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ecology of the Sudbury region has recovered dramatically, helped by regreening programs and improved mining practices. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> honoured twelve cities in the world, including Sudbury, with the Local Government Honours Award at the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit" title="Earth Summit">Earth Summit</a> to recognise the city's community-based environmental reclamation strategies. By 2010, the regreening programs had successfully rehabilitated 3,350 ha (8,300 acres) of land in the city; however, approximately 30,000 ha (74,000 acres) of land have yet to be rehabilitated.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various studies have confirmed that the provincial government's initial claims that the municipal amalgamation would result in cost savings and increased efficiencies have not borne out, and in fact administration of the amalgamated city costs significantly more than the prior regional government structure did.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Greater_Sudbury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Greater Sudbury">List of lakes in Greater Sudbury</a></div> <p>Sudbury has 330 lakes over 10 ha (25 acres) in size within the city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-grandsudbury.ca_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandsudbury.ca-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most prominent is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Wanapitei" title="Lake Wanapitei">Lake Wanapitei</a>, the largest lake in the world completely contained within the boundaries of a single city. <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Lake" title="Ramsey Lake">Ramsey Lake</a>, a few kilometres south of downtown Sudbury, held the same record before the municipal amalgamation in 2001 brought Lake Wanapitei fully inside the city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-grandsudbury.ca_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandsudbury.ca-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sudbury is divided into two main watersheds: to the east is the <a href="/wiki/French_River_(Ontario)" title="French River (Ontario)">French River</a> watershed which flows into <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Bay" title="Georgian Bay">Georgian Bay</a> and to the west is the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_River_(Ontario)" title="Spanish River (Ontario)">Spanish River</a> watershed which flows into the <a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Ontario)" title="North Channel (Ontario)">North Channel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grandsudbury.ca_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandsudbury.ca-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wanapitei_River.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Wanapitei_River.JPG/220px-Wanapitei_River.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Wanapitei_River.JPG/220px-Wanapitei_River.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Wanapitei_River.JPG/330px-Wanapitei_River.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Wanapitei_River.JPG/440px-Wanapitei_River.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wanapitei_River" title="Wanapitei River">Wanapitei River</a> in Sudbury. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin" title="Great Lakes Basin">Great Lakes Basin</a>, it is a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/French_River_(Ontario)" title="French River (Ontario)">French River</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sudbury is built around many small, rocky mountains with exposed <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian (Precambrian) Shield</a>. The ore deposits in Sudbury are part of a large geological structure known as the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Basin" title="Sudbury Basin">Sudbury Basin</a>, which are the remnants of a nearly two billion-year-old <a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">impact crater</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> long thought to be the result of a <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorite</a> collision, more recent analysis has suggested that the crater may in fact have been created by a <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sudbury's <a href="/wiki/Pentlandite" title="Pentlandite">pentlandite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhotite" title="Pyrrhotite">pyrrhotite</a> ores contain profitable amounts of many elements—primarily nickel and copper, but also platinum, palladium and other valuable metals.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local smelting of the ore releases this sulphur into the atmosphere where it combines with water vapour to form <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulphuric acid</a>, contributing to <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a>. As a result, Sudbury has had a widespread reputation as a wasteland.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parts of the city, vegetation was devastated by acid rain and logging to provide fuel for early <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelting</a> techniques. To a lesser extent, the area's ecology was also impacted by <a href="/wiki/Lumber_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumber camp">lumber camps</a> in the area providing wood for the reconstruction of Chicago after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire" title="Great Chicago Fire">Great Chicago Fire</a> of 1871. While other logging areas in Northeastern Ontario were also involved in that effort, the emergence of mining-related processes in the following decade made it significantly harder for new trees to grow to full maturity in the Sudbury area than elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-railtown_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railtown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury,_Ontario.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG/220px-Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG/220px-Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG/330px-Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG/440px-Blackened_rocks_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>Erosion has resulted in <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> being exposed in many parts of the city, many of which were charred to a pitted, dark black appearance.</figcaption></figure> <p>The resulting erosion exposed <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> in many parts of the city, which was charred in most places to a pitted, dark black appearance. There was not a complete lack of vegetation in the region as <a href="/wiki/Betula_papyrifera" title="Betula papyrifera">paper birch</a> and wild <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a> patches thrived in the acidic soils. During the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a> crewed lunar exploration program, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> astronauts trained in Sudbury to become familiar with impact <a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">breccia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shatter_cone" title="Shatter cone">shatter cones</a>, rare rock formations produced by large meteorite impacts. However, the popular misconception that they were visiting Sudbury because it purportedly resembled the lifeless surface of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> persists.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's <a href="/wiki/Nickel_District_Conservation_Authority" title="Nickel District Conservation Authority">Nickel District Conservation Authority</a> operates a <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">conservation area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Laurentian_Conservation_Area" title="Lake Laurentian Conservation Area">Lake Laurentian Conservation Area</a>, in the city's south end. Other unique environmental projects in the city include the Fielding Bird Sanctuary, a protected area along <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_17" title="Ontario Highway 17">Highway 17</a> near <a href="/wiki/Walden,_Ontario#Lively" title="Walden, Ontario">Lively</a> that provides a managed natural habitat for birds, and a hiking and nature trail near <a href="/wiki/Nickel_Centre#Coniston" title="Nickel Centre">Coniston</a>, which is named in honour of scientist <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sudbury_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sudbury-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Ontario" title="List of protected areas of Ontario">provincial parks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chiniguchi_Waterway_Provincial_Park" title="Chiniguchi Waterway Provincial Park">Chiniguchi River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Lake_Uplands_Provincial_Park" title="Daisy Lake Uplands Provincial Park">Daisy Lake Uplands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairbank_Provincial_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairbank Provincial Park">Fairbank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killarney_Lakelands_and_Headwaters_Provincial_Park" title="Killarney Lakelands and Headwaters Provincial Park">Killarney Lakelands and Headwaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Wanapitei" title="Lake Wanapitei">Wanapitei</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Windy_Lake_Provincial_Park&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Windy Lake Provincial Park (page does not exist)">Windy Lake</a>) and two provincial conservation reserves (MacLennan Esker Forest and Tilton Forest) are also located partially or entirely within the city boundaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Greater Sudbury has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Dfb</i>). This region has warm and often humid summers with occasional short lasting periods of hot weather, with long, cold and snowy winters. It is situated north of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, making it prone to arctic air masses. Monthly precipitation is equal year round, with snow cover expected for up to six months of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although extreme weather events are rare, <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_tornado" title="Sudbury tornado">one of the worst tornadoes</a> in Canadian history struck the city and its suburbs on August 20, 1970, killing six people, injuring two hundred, and causing more than <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">C$</a>17 million (equivalent to $132 million in 2023) in damages.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest temperature ever recorded in Greater Sudbury was 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) on July 13, 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-July_1936_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_1936-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest temperature ever recorded was −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F) on December 29, 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-December_1933_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-December_1933-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Airport" title="Sudbury Airport">Sudbury Airport</a>, 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1887−present<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high <a href="/wiki/Humidex" title="Humidex">humidex</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4 </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4 </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5 </td> <td style="background: #940000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.2 </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7 </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3 </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 </td> <td style="background: #940000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br>(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br>(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br>(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br>(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br>(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br>(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1<br>(106.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br>(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br>(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br>(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br>(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br>(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.1<br>(106.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br>(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.9<br>(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br>(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br>(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br>(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br>(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br>(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br>(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br>(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br>(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br>(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br>(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.3<br>(48.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.7<br>(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1<br>(12.0) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br>(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br>(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br>(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br>(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br>(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br>(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br>(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br>(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br>(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br>(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.3<br>(39.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.5<br>(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.3<br>(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.2<br>(13.6) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br>(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br>(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br>(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br>(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br>(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br>(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br>(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br>(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7<br>(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.8<br>(30.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−42.8<br>(−45.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−42.8<br>(−45.0) </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−41.1<br>(−42.0) </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.8<br>(−18.0) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.8<br>(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br>(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br>(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br>(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br>(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.9<br>(7.0) </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.7<br>(−25.1) </td> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−48.3<br>(−54.9) </td> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−48.3<br>(−54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low <a href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</a> </th> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−53.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−50 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−43.2 </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.4 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.6 </td> <td style="background: #2222FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−51 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−53.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br>(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1<br>(2.01) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.3<br>(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br>(2.67) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.2<br>(3.12) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.4<br>(3.05) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0<br>(3.31) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br>(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.2<br>(4.06) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.8<br>(3.69) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.5<br>(2.93) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.9<br>(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">911.9<br>(35.90) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br>(0.56) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br>(0.30) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br>(1.08) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3<br>(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.9<br>(3.03) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0<br>(3.03) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0<br>(3.31) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br>(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.1<br>(4.06) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.1<br>(3.43) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0<br>(1.93) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br>(0.65) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">685.0<br>(26.97) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.6<br>(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.9<br>(20.4) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">33.1<br>(13.0) </td> <td style="background: #07FF07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br>(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br>(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br>(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br>(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br>(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br>(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br>(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">30.2<br>(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.6<br>(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #00B000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">263.4<br>(103.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.3 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.5 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.1 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">168.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">108.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.6 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.81 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.04 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.13 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #3C3CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.8 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 15:00)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.8 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.4 </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.6 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.9 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.7 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.4 </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.4 </td> <td style="background: #2929FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.9 </td> <td style="background: #1818FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.3 </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.1 </td> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #9D9D9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.3 </td> <td style="background: #BABA45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.2 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.6 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.4 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246.9 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">274.7 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245.2 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.1 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.4 </td> <td style="background: #838383; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.8 </td> <td style="background: #747474; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.5 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,973.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a> (sun 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-climate_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EnvironmentCanada_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvironmentCanada-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-November_1887_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_1887-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-July_1936_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_1936-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-December_1933_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-December_1933-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-January_1888_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-January_1888-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-February_1888_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-February_1888-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-April_1923_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April_1923-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-October_1925_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-October_1925-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-May_1926_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_1926-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-May_1931_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_1931-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-September_1931_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-September_1931-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-January_1934_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-January_1934-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-December_1936_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-December_1936-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-November_1940_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_1940-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-July_1941_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_1941-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-November_1946_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-November_1946-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-March_1950_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March_1950-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:159_Cedar_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/159_Cedar_Street.jpg/220px-159_Cedar_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/159_Cedar_Street.jpg/220px-159_Cedar_Street.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/159_Cedar_Street.jpg/330px-159_Cedar_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/159_Cedar_Street.jpg/440px-159_Cedar_Street.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The head office of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ontario" title="Government of Ontario">provincial government</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Northern_Development,_Mines_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry">Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry</a> is located in Sudbury.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_politics">Municipal politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Municipal politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>From the city hall at <a href="/wiki/Tom_Davies_Square" title="Tom Davies Square">Tom Davies Square</a>, the city is headed by twelve <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury_City_Council" title="Greater Sudbury City Council">council</a> members and one <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Sudbury,_Ontario" title="List of mayors of Sudbury, Ontario">mayor</a> both elected every four years. The current mayor is <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lefebvre_(Canadian_politician)" title="Paul Lefebvre (Canadian politician)">Paul Lefebvre</a>, who was elected in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Greater_Sudbury_municipal_election" title="2022 Greater Sudbury municipal election">2022 municipal election</a>. The 2011 operating budget for Greater Sudbury was <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">C$</a>471 million, and the city employs 2006 full-time workers.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_and_provincial_politics">Federal and provincial politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Federal and provincial politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><b>Greater Sudbury federal election results</b><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #EA6D6A"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A"><b>34%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>27,784</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">28% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>22,821</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">29% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>23,857</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">2% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>1,536</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A"><b>39%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>32,934</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">21% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>17,633</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">31% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>26,335</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">6% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>5,239</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><b>Greater Sudbury provincial election results</b><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">PC</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Ontario" title="Green Party of Ontario">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #F4A460"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Ontario_general_election" title="2022 Ontario general election">2022</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#9999FF">29% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"><i>17,166</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460"><b>46%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>26,746</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">15% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>8,602</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">4% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>2,346</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Ontario_general_election" title="2018 Ontario general election">2018</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#9999FF">23% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"><i>16,036</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460"><b>56%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>39,438</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">16% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>11,134</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">4% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>2,606</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The city is divided between the federal electoral districts of <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Sudbury (federal electoral district)">Sudbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nickel_Belt_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Nickel Belt (federal electoral district)">Nickel Belt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>, and the provincial electoral districts of <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Sudbury (provincial electoral district)">Sudbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nickel_Belt_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Nickel Belt (provincial electoral district)">Nickel Belt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a>. The federal and provincial districts do not have identical boundaries despite using the same names; most notably, the <a href="/wiki/Walden,_Ontario" title="Walden, Ontario">Walden</a> district of the city is located in Sudbury federally but in Nickel Belt provincially. The city is represented federally by Members of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Viviane_Lapointe" title="Viviane Lapointe">Viviane Lapointe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Serr%C3%A9" title="Marc Serré">Marc Serré</a>, both of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>, and provincially by <a href="/wiki/Jamie_West" title="Jamie West">Jamie West</a> and <a href="/wiki/France_G%C3%A9linas" title="France Gélinas">France Gélinas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario New Democratic Party</a>. The provincial <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy,_Northern_Development_and_Mines" title="Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines">Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines</a> has its head office in the city. </p><p>Both federal and provincial politics in the city tend to be dominated by the Liberal and New Democratic parties. Historically, the Liberals have been stronger in the Sudbury riding, with the New Democrats dominant in Nickel Belt, although both ridings have elected members of both parties at different times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Utilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><b>Greater Sudbury Utilities Inc.</b> (GSU) delivers utility services in the city's urban core. Its sole shareholder is the City of Greater Sudbury. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Communities">Communities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Communities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury</a></div> <p>The city of Sudbury and its suburban communities were reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Sudbury" title="Regional Municipality of Sudbury">Regional Municipality of Sudbury</a> in 1973, which was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury. </p><p>In common usage, the city's urban core is still generally referred to as <i>Sudbury</i>, while the outlying former towns are still referred to by their old names and continue in some respects to maintain their own distinct community identities despite their lack of political independence. Each of the seven former municipalities in turn encompasses numerous smaller neighbourhoods. Amalgamated cities (2001 Canadian census population) include: <b>Sudbury</b> (85,354)<sup id="cite_ref-www12.statcan.ca_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www12.statcan.ca-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Valley_East" title="Valley East">Valley East</a> (22,374).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towns (2001 Canadian census population) include: <a href="/wiki/Rayside-Balfour" title="Rayside-Balfour">Rayside-Balfour</a> (15,046),<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nickel_Centre" title="Nickel Centre">Nickel Centre</a> (12,672),<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walden,_Ontario" title="Walden, Ontario">Walden</a> (10,101),<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Onaping_Falls" title="Onaping Falls">Onaping Falls</a> (4,887),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Capreol" title="Capreol">Capreol</a> (3,486).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wanup" title="Wanup">Wanup</a> area, formerly an unincorporated settlement outside of Sudbury's old city limits, was also annexed into the city in 2001, along with a large wilderness area on the northeastern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Wanapitei" title="Lake Wanapitei">Lake Wanapitei</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Sudbury's culture is influenced by the large <a href="/wiki/Franco-Ontarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Ontarian">Franco-Ontarian</a> community consisting of approximately 40 percent of the city's population,<sup id="cite_ref-2011NHS_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011NHS-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in the amalgamated municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Valley_East" title="Valley East">Valley East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rayside-Balfour" title="Rayside-Balfour">Rayside-Balfour</a> and historically in the <a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury#Flour_Mill" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">Moulin-à-Fleur</a> neighbourhood. The French culture is celebrated with the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Ontarian_flag" title="Franco-Ontarian flag">Franco-Ontarian flag</a>, recognized by the province as an official emblem, which was created in 1975 by a group of teachers at <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a> and after some controversy has flown at <a href="/wiki/Tom_Davies_Square" title="Tom Davies Square">Tom Davies Square</a> since 2006. The large francophone community plays a central role in developing and maintaining many of the cultural institutions of Sudbury including the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Nouvel-Ontario" title="Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario">Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Nuit_sur_l%27%C3%A9tang" title="La Nuit sur l'étang">La Nuit sur l'étang</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Galerie_du_Nouvel-Ontario" title="La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario">La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Centre_franco-ontarien_de_folklore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Centre franco-ontarien de folklore (page does not exist)">Le Centre franco-ontarien de folklore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prise_de_parole" title="Prise de parole">Prise de parole</a> publishing company. The city hosted Les Jeux de la francophonie canadienne in 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Arts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg/220px-ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="402"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg/220px-ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg/330px-ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg/440px-ArtGallerySudburyBelrockMansion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Sudbury" title="Art Gallery of Sudbury">Art Gallery of Sudbury</a> was founded in 1967, and is one of two <a href="/wiki/Art_galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="Art galleries">art galleries</a> located in the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Arts_Council" title="Sudbury Arts Council">Sudbury Arts Council</a> was established in 1974. Its mandate is to connect, communicate and celebrate the arts.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has an important role to provide a calendar of events and news about arts and culture activities. The city is home to two art galleries—the <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Sudbury" title="Art Gallery of Sudbury">Art Gallery of Sudbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Galerie_du_Nouvel-Ontario" title="La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario">La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario</a>. Both are dedicated primarily to Canadian art, especially artists from Northern Ontario. </p><p>The city's only professional theatre company is the francophone <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Nouvel-Ontario" title="Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario">Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario</a> (TNO), one of seven organizations residing at the <a href="/wiki/Place_des_Arts_(Sudbury)" title="Place des Arts (Sudbury)">Place des Arts</a>, where it also stages its performances. The <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Theatre_Centre" title="Sudbury Theatre Centre">Sudbury Theatre Centre</a>, which was the city's only professional English-language theatre company, merged with <a href="/w/index.php?title=YES_Theatre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="YES Theatre (page does not exist)">YES Theatre</a> in 2023, though the building which was previously home to the company retains its original name.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theatrical productions are also staged by several community theatre groups, as well as by high school drama students at <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Secondary_School" title="Sudbury Secondary School">Sudbury Secondary School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lo-Ellen_Park_Secondary_School" title="Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School">Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Charles_College_(Sudbury)" title="St. Charles College (Sudbury)">St. Charles College</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_secondaire_Macdonald-Cartier" title="École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier">École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier</a> with its troupe Les Draveurs. Postsecondary institutions in the city no longer offer training in theatre, following the closures of Theatre programs at <a href="/wiki/Thorneloe_University" title="Thorneloe University">Thorneloe University</a> in 2020<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a> in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the technical production programs at <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Collège Boréal">Collège Boréal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_College" title="Cambrian College">Cambrian College</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg/220px-PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg/220px-PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg/330px-PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg/440px-PDAExt%C3%A9rieur2022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Place_des_Arts_(Sudbury)" title="Place des Arts (Sudbury)">Place des Arts</a> is currently home to seven of the city's francophone cultural organizations.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2021, YES Theatre unveiled plans for the Refettorio, which would convert a vacant lot on Durham Street near the YMCA into an outdoor theatrical and musical performance space.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The space opened in August 2023 with a production of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Arts_(Sudbury)" title="Place des Arts (Sudbury)">Place des Arts</a>, a new project to provide a community hub for the city's francophone cultural institutions including a 300-seat concert hall, a 120-seat theatre studio, an art gallery, a bistro, a gift boutique and bookstore, a children's arts center and 10,000 square feet of studio space for artists, began construction in the downtown core in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opened in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-ontrack_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ontrack-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Festivals">Festivals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Festivals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9fest_Sudbury_International_Film_Festival" title="Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival">Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival</a>, the city's primary annual film festival, has been staged in September each year since 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-extraseats_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extraseats-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two smaller specialist film festivals, the <a href="/wiki/Junction_North_International_Documentary_Film_Festival" title="Junction North International Documentary Film Festival">Junction North International Documentary Film Festival</a> for documentary films<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Queer_North_Film_Festival" title="Queer North Film Festival">Queer North Film Festival</a> for <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>-themed films,<sup id="cite_ref-queernorth_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queernorth-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also held each year. Mainstream commercial films are screened at the <a href="/wiki/Cineplex_Entertainment" title="Cineplex Entertainment">SilverCity</a> theatre complex, which is also the primary venue for most Cinéfest screenings. <a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a> is home to an <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> theatre which screens a program of IMAX films, the Cavern at Science North hosts some gala screenings during Cinéfest and screens science documentaries during the year, and the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Indie_Cinema_Co-op" title="Sudbury Indie Cinema Co-op">Sudbury Indie Cinema Co-op</a> programs a repertory cinema lineup of independent and international films as well as organizing both the Junction North and Queer North film festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021 the Sudbury Indie Cinema Co-op also launched the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Outdoor_Adventure_Reels_Film_Festival" title="Sudbury Outdoor Adventure Reels Film Festival">Sudbury Outdoor Adventure Reels Film Festival</a>, devoted to wilderness and adventure films, following several years of the city hosting an annual stop on the <a href="/wiki/Banff_Mountain_Film_Festival" title="Banff Mountain Film Festival">Banff Mountain Film Festival</a>'s touring circuit,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2022 they launched both the Sudbury's Tiny Underground Film Festival (STUFF) for underground and experimental films,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Sudbury Indie Creature Kon for horror films.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has hosted an annual <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Pride" title="Sudbury Pride">Sudbury Pride</a> festival since 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Up_Here_Festival" title="Up Here Festival">Up Here Festival</a>, launched in 2015, blends a program of musical performance with the creation of both <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">murals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">installation art</a> projects throughout the downtown core,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while PlaySmelter, a theatre festival devoted to theatrical and storytelling performances by local writers and actors, was launched in 2013, and is held at various venues in the city including the Sudbury Theatre Centre and Place des Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In music, the city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lights_Festival_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Northern Lights Festival Boréal">Northern Lights Festival Boréal</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Nuit_sur_l%27%C3%A9tang" title="La Nuit sur l'étang">La Nuit sur l'étang</a> festivals. </p><p>Sudbury also hosts Northern Ontario's only Japanese cultural Festival, Japan Festival Sudbury. It started in 2019, went on hiatus for two years during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario</a>, and returned to Sudbury's Bell Park Amphitheatre on July 16, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Literature">Literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Works of fiction themed or set primarily or partially in Sudbury or its former suburbs include <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sawyer" title="Robert J. Sawyer">Robert J. Sawyer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Neanderthal_Parallax" title="The Neanderthal Parallax">The Neanderthal Parallax</a></i> trilogy, <a href="/wiki/Alistair_MacLeod" title="Alistair MacLeod">Alistair MacLeod</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/No_Great_Mischief" title="No Great Mischief">No Great Mischief</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Quarrington" title="Paul Quarrington">Paul Quarrington</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Logan_in_Overtime" title="Logan in Overtime">Logan in Overtime</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Dalp%C3%A9" title="Jean-Marc Dalpé">Jean-Marc Dalpé</a>'s play <i>1932, la ville du nickel</i> and his short story collection <i>Contes sudburois</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_LaDuchesse" title="Chloé LaDuchesse">Chloé LaDuchesse</a>'s <i>L'Incendiare de Sudbury</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also fictionalized as "Chinookville" in several books by American comedy writer <a href="/wiki/Jack_Douglas_(writer)" title="Jack Douglas (writer)">Jack Douglas</a>, and as "Complexity" in <a href="/wiki/Tomson_Highway" title="Tomson Highway">Tomson Highway</a>'s musical play <i><a href="/wiki/The_(Post)_Mistress" title="The (Post) Mistress">The (Post) Mistress</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sudburystar_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sudburystar-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noted writers who have lived in Sudbury include playwrights Jean-Marc Dalpé, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Shamas" title="Sandra Shamas">Sandra Shamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Haentjens" title="Brigitte Haentjens">Brigitte Haentjens</a>, poets <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dickson_(writer)" title="Robert Dickson (writer)">Robert Dickson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Nash" title="Roger Nash">Roger Nash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Scofield" title="Gregory Scofield">Gregory Scofield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Christakos" title="Margaret Christakos">Margaret Christakos</a>, fiction writers <a href="/wiki/Kelley_Armstrong" title="Kelley Armstrong">Kelley Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Costello_(author)" title="Sean Costello (author)">Sean Costello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Selecky" title="Sarah Selecky">Sarah Selecky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heiti" title="Matthew Heiti">Matthew Heiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Round" title="Jeffrey Round">Jeffrey Round</a>, poet <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Desbiens" title="Patrice Desbiens">Patrice Desbiens</a>, journalist <a href="/wiki/Mick_Lowe" title="Mick Lowe">Mick Lowe</a> and academics <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Bennett" title="Richard E. Bennett">Richard E. Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Bock" title="Michel Bock">Michel Bock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rand_Dyck" title="Rand Dyck">Rand Dyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graeme_S._Mount" title="Graeme S. Mount">Graeme S. Mount</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kinsman" title="Gary Kinsman">Gary Kinsman</a>. </p><p>In 2010, the city created the position of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_poets_laureate_in_Ontario#Greater_Sudbury" title="Municipal poets laureate in Ontario">Poet Laureate</a>, with Roger Nash being the first to occupy the role.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG/220px-Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4002" data-file-height="2092"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 115px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG/220px-Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="115" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG/330px-Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG/440px-Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Ska_Orchestra" title="Melbourne Ska Orchestra">Melbourne Ska Orchestra</a> performing at the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lights_Festival_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Northern Lights Festival Boréal">Northern Lights Festival Boréal</a>. Hosted annually in Sudbury, it is Canada's oldest music festival in continuous operation.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sudbury's most successful artists have predominantly been in the country, folk and country-rock genres. These include <a href="/wiki/Robert_Paquette" title="Robert Paquette">Robert Paquette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Maki" title="Kate Maki">Kate Maki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gil_Grand" title="Gil Grand">Gil Grand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Closs" title="Kevin Closs">Kevin Closs</a>, <a href="/wiki/CANO" title="CANO">CANO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Mathews" title="Jake Mathews">Jake Mathews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loma_Lyns" title="Loma Lyns">Loma Lyns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_J._Robinson" title="Alex J. Robinson">Alex J. Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Labelle" title="Chuck Labelle">Chuck Labelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/En_Bref" title="En Bref">En Bref</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ox_(band)" title="Ox (band)">Ox</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">rap rock</a> bands <a href="/wiki/Project_Wyze" title="Project Wyze">Project Wyze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konflit" title="Konflit">Konflit Dramatik</a> were also based in Sudbury, and <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Linna" title="Miriam Linna">Miriam Linna</a>, who drummed in <a href="/wiki/The_Cramps" title="The Cramps">the Cramps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nervus_Rex" title="Nervus Rex">Nervus Rex</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_A-Bones" title="The A-Bones">The A-Bones</a>, was born in Sudbury. </p><p>High-profile concerts take place at the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Community_Arena" title="Sudbury Community Arena">Sudbury Community Arena</a>, while other touring acts play venues including the Grand Theatre,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knox Hall,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and The Towne House.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bell_Park_(Sudbury)" title="Bell Park (Sudbury)">Bell Park</a>'s outdoor Grace Hartman Amphitheatre serves as the primary venue for the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lights_Festival_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Northern Lights Festival Boréal">Northern Lights Festival Boréal</a>, and hosts other summer concerts.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerts are also sometimes staged at <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a>'s Fraser Auditorium, although it is also used for theatre shows, stand-up comedy performances and lectures rather than serving as a full-time music venue. </p><p>In addition to the Northern Lights Festival Boréal, the city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Up_Here_Festival" title="Up Here Festival">Up Here Festival</a>, which blends musical performances by underground and experimental musicians with public <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">mural</a> projects,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/La_Nuit_sur_l%27%C3%A9tang" title="La Nuit sur l'étang">La Nuit sur l'étang</a>, a festival of francophone music.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The local <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Sudbury Symphony Orchestra">Sudbury Symphony Orchestra</a> performs regular concerts of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>, usually staged in the Sheridan Auditorium at <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Secondary_School" title="Sudbury Secondary School">Sudbury Secondary School</a> but occasionally at other venues.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sudbury is also home to the Blue Saints Drum and Bugle Corps, a youth drum corps active since 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of <a href="/wiki/Stompin%27_Tom_Connors" title="Stompin' Tom Connors">Stompin' Tom Connors</a>' most famous songs, "<a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Saturday_Night" title="Sudbury Saturday Night">Sudbury Saturday Night</a>", depicts the hard-drinking, hard-partying social life of <a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(hard_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (hard rock)">hard rock miners</a> of Sudbury.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Attractions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg/220px-The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="963"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg/220px-The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg/330px-The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg/440px-The_Big_Nickel_at_Science_North.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>In the early 2000s, the <a href="/wiki/Big_Nickel" title="Big Nickel">Big Nickel</a> was temporarily moved to the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a> while its original and current site was refurbished into <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Earth_(Ontario)" title="Dynamic Earth (Ontario)">Dynamic Earth</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a> is an interactive <a href="/wiki/Science_museum" title="Science museum">science museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario" title="Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a>'s most popular tourist attraction<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with around 288,000 visitors per year (as of 2018).<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of two snowflake-shaped buildings on the southwestern shore of <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Lake" title="Ramsey Lake">Ramsey Lake</a> and just south of the city's downtown core. There is also a former <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> arena on-site, which includes the complex's entrance and an <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> theatre. The snowflake buildings are connected by a rock tunnel, which passes through a billion-year-old <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">geologic fault</a>. Sudbury's mining heritage is reflected in another major tourist attraction, <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Earth_(Ontario)" title="Dynamic Earth (Ontario)">Dynamic Earth</a>. This interactive science museum focuses principally on geology and mining history exhibitions and is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Big_Nickel" title="Big Nickel">Big Nickel</a>, one of Sudbury's most famous landmarks. The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury_Heritage_Museums" title="Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums">Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums</a>, a group of historical community museums, and a mining heritage monument overlooking the city's <a href="/wiki/Bell_Park_(Sudbury)" title="Bell Park (Sudbury)">Bell Park</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Inco_Superstack" title="Inco Superstack">Inco Superstack</a> was the tallest freestanding <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">chimney</a> in the world at 380 m (1,250 ft) until the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Ekibastuz_GRES-2_Power_Station" title="Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station">Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is currently the second tallest structure in Canada after the <a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is almost the same height as the roof of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG/220px-Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 123px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG/220px-Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="123" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG/330px-Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG/440px-Sudbury_Community_Arena_-_Exterior.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>Entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Community_Arena" title="Sudbury Community Arena">Sudbury Community Arena</a>. The arena is a multi-purpose arena and the home of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">OHL</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Wolves" title="Sudbury Wolves">Sudbury Wolves</a>, as well as being a key venue in the television comedy series <i><a href="/wiki/Shoresy" title="Shoresy">Shoresy</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sudbury has many trails that are used year-round. The Sudbury Trail Plan grooms almost 1,200 km (750 mi) of trails for <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobiles</a> in the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are approximately 200 km (120 mi) of non-motorized trails in the city, many of which were built by <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Routes_Association" title="Rainbow Routes Association">Rainbow Routes Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is 23 km (14 mi) of diverse hiking, biking, and jogging trails found in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Laurentian_Conservation_Area" title="Lake Laurentian Conservation Area">Lake Laurentian Conservation Area</a> near downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other trails link Sudbury to areas outside of the city including the <a href="/wiki/Trans_Canada_Trail" title="Trans Canada Trail">Trans Canada Trail</a>, which passes through the city, and the <a href="/wiki/Voyageur_Hiking_Trail" title="Voyageur Hiking Trail">Voyageur Hiking Trail</a>. The city is also home to <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Downs" title="Sudbury Downs">Sudbury Downs</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">harness racing</a> track located in <a href="/wiki/Rayside-Balfour#Azilda" title="Rayside-Balfour">Azilda</a>. </p><p>There are a number of sports teams located in the city including the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Wolves" title="Sudbury Wolves">Sudbury Wolves</a> who play at the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Community_Arena" title="Sudbury Community Arena">Sudbury Community Arena</a>. The Wolves are an <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team with the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">Ontario Hockey League</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Spartans" title="Sudbury Spartans">Sudbury Spartans</a> football club have played in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Football_Conference" title="Northern Football Conference">Northern Football Conference</a> since 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurentian University participates in the <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> league by the Laurentian Voyageurs and the Laurentian Lady Vees. Cambrian College is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association">Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association</a> by the Cambrian Golden Shield, and Collège Boréal is represented by the Boréal Vipères. High school students compete in the Sudbury District Secondary School Athletic Association (SDSSAA), which is a division of Northern Ontario Secondary School Athletics (NOSSA). The city hosted the <a href="/wiki/1980_Pan_American_Junior_Athletics_Championships" title="1980 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships">Pan American Junior Athletics Championships</a> in 1980, the <a href="/wiki/1988_World_Junior_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics">IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics</a> in 1988, the <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons_Brier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Hortons Brier">Brier</a>: Canada's annual men's <a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">curling</a> championships, in 1953 and 1983, the <a href="/wiki/2001_Scott_Tournament_of_Hearts" title="2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts">2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts</a>: the women's curling championship, and the 2010 Ontario Summer Games. </p><p>Greater Sudbury hosts a professional basketball team, the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Five" title="Sudbury Five">Sudbury Five</a>, who play at the Sudbury Community Arena. The Five are owned by Sudbury Wolves Sports and Entertainment and began play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_of_Canada" title="National Basketball League of Canada">National Basketball League of Canada</a> in November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Sudbury</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,027</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_1911_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1911 Census">1911</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,150</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+104.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,621</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+107.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,518</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+114.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">31,888</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+72.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,410</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,120</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+88.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,535</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,829</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">92,884</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1996_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Canadian Census">1996</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">92,059</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2001_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Canadian Census">2001</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,354</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><sup id="cite_ref-www12.statcan.ca_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www12.statcan.ca-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236656977"><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Greater Sudbury</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2001_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Canadian Census">2001</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">155,219</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Canadian Census">2006</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">157,857</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Canadian Census">2011</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">160,274</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2016_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Canadian Census">2016</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">161,531</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Canadian Census">2021</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">166,004</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census of Population</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, Greater Sudbury had a population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005166004000000000♠"></span>166,004</span> living in <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004714760000000000♠"></span>71,476</span> of its <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004759670000000000♠"></span>75,967</span> total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value="7000276912790733667♠" style="display:none"></span>2.8% from its 2016 population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005161531000000000♠"></span>161,531</span>. With a land area of 3,186.26 km<sup>2</sup> (1,230.22 sq mi), it had a population density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001520999541782528♠"></span>52.1/km<sup>2</sup> (134.9/sq mi) in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Census_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Census metropolitan area">census metropolitan area</a> (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Greater Sudbury CMA had a population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005170605000000000♠"></span>170,605</span> living in <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004733870000000000♠"></span>73,387</span> of its <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004782250000000000♠"></span>78,225</span> total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value="7000280010605092854♠" style="display:none"></span>2.8% from its 2016 population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005165958000000000♠"></span>165,958</span>. With a land area of 4,187.4 km<sup>2</sup> (1,616.8 sq mi), it had a population density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001407424654917132♠"></span>40.7/km<sup>2</sup> (105.5/sq mi) in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusCMA_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusCMA-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2011, the population of Sudbury is less educated than the Canadian average, with 17.2% of the population holding a university degree (compared to 23.3% nationally) and 18.1% with no certificate, diploma or degree (compared to 17.3% nationally).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the median age was 43.2 years, slightly higher than the provincial average of 41.6 years.<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Ethnicity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Greater Sudbury has few <a href="/wiki/Visible_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible minorities">visible minorities</a> with <span data-sort-value="7000663988223026436♠" style="display:none"></span>6.6% reporting visible minority status on the 2021 census compared to the national average of <span data-sort-value="7001265334561937983♠" style="display:none"></span>26.5%, but a much higher percentage of Indigenous Canadians (<span data-sort-value="7001109979758326688♠" style="display:none"></span>11%) than the national average of <span data-sort-value="7000497474777017202♠" style="display:none"></span>5%. Visible minorities representing over 0.5% of the population include: 2.5% <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Black</a>, 1.9% <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asian</a>, and 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadians" title="Chinese Canadians">Chinese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table> <caption>Reported Ethnic Origins, 2016 </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Ethnic origin </th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-2011NHS_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011NHS-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Percent<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_ethnicity" title="Canadian ethnicity">Canadian</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">72,315 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,885 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,790 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_Canadians" title="Irish Canadians">Irish</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">30,345 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canadians" title="Scottish Canadians">Scottish</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,990 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians" title="Italian Canadians">Italian</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,420 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table> <caption>Reported Ethnic Origins, 2016 </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Ethnic origin </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Canadians" title="German Canadians">German</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,905 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,985 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in Canada">Métis</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,995 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadians" title="Ukrainian Canadians">Ukrainian</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,390 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Canadians" title="Finnish Canadians">Finnish</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,365 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_Canadians" title="Polish Canadians">Polish</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,815 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that a person may report more than one ethnic origin.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a> groups in the City of Greater Sudbury (2001−2021) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a><br>group </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_115-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2016<sup id="cite_ref-2016census_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016census-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2006<sup id="cite_ref-2006census_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006census-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-2001census_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001census-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European</a><sup id="cite_ref-euro_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euro-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>134,275 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001823621419370668♠" style="display:none"></span>82.36% </td> <td>137,715 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001867960797907541♠" style="display:none"></span>86.8% </td> <td>140,605 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001891230627832535♠" style="display:none"></span>89.12% </td> <td>143,125 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001917497355684477♠" style="display:none"></span>91.75% </td> <td>143,365 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001933913100123770♠" style="display:none"></span>93.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a> </td> <td>17,930 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001109979758326688♠" style="display:none"></span>11% </td> <td>14,960 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000942867046922761♠" style="display:none"></span>9.43% </td> <td>12,960 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000821474978607422♠" style="display:none"></span>8.21% </td> <td>9,590 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000614763293695310♠" style="display:none"></span>6.15% </td> <td>7,020 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000457299198749267♠" style="display:none"></span>4.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Canadian">African</a> </td> <td>4,030 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000247193768018156♠" style="display:none"></span>2.47% </td> <td>1,455 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999917026439353354♠" style="display:none"></span>0.92% </td> <td>935 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999592653630399645♠" style="display:none"></span>0.59% </td> <td>1,095 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999701945575178691♠" style="display:none"></span>0.7% </td> <td>1,075 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999700280112044817♠" style="display:none"></span>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asian</a> </td> <td>3,105 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000190455744341532♠" style="display:none"></span>1.9% </td> <td>1,465 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999923329026565405♠" style="display:none"></span>0.92% </td> <td>630 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999399328114600830♠" style="display:none"></span>0.4% </td> <td>575 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999368601557742235♠" style="display:none"></span>0.37% </td> <td>535 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999348511497622304♠" style="display:none"></span>0.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asian</a><sup id="cite_ref-EastAsian_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EastAsian-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,230 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999754462368889161♠" style="display:none"></span>0.75% </td> <td>1,165 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999734251410203888♠" style="display:none"></span>0.73% </td> <td>995 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999630684879409247♠" style="display:none"></span>0.63% </td> <td>755 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999483989871470239♠" style="display:none"></span>0.48% </td> <td>830 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999540681388834603♠" style="display:none"></span>0.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a><sup id="cite_ref-SoutheastAsian_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoutheastAsian-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>840 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999515242593387720♠" style="display:none"></span>0.52% </td> <td>680 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999428575930419437♠" style="display:none"></span>0.43% </td> <td>520 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999329604158083225♠" style="display:none"></span>0.33% </td> <td>295 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999189108625276451♠" style="display:none"></span>0.19% </td> <td>190 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999123770438407921♠" style="display:none"></span>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Canadians" title="Latin American Canadians">Latin American</a> </td> <td>705 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999432435748021836♠" style="display:none"></span>0.43% </td> <td>275 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999173321148331390♠" style="display:none"></span>0.17% </td> <td>290 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999183817703546413♠" style="display:none"></span>0.18% </td> <td>180 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999115388313728004♠" style="display:none"></span>0.12% </td> <td>220 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999143313139209172♠" style="display:none"></span>0.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Canadians" title="Middle Eastern Canadians">Middle Eastern</a><sup id="cite_ref-MiddleEastern_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiddleEastern-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>485 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999297491259277433♠" style="display:none"></span>0.3% </td> <td>725 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999456937572873664♠" style="display:none"></span>0.46% </td> <td>545 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999345450511837226♠" style="display:none"></span>0.35% </td> <td>170 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999108977851854226♠" style="display:none"></span>0.11% </td> <td>180 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999117256204807504♠" style="display:none"></span>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<sup id="cite_ref-Other_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Other-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>435 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999266822057290069♠" style="display:none"></span>0.27% </td> <td>235 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999148110799483187♠" style="display:none"></span>0.15% </td> <td>290 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999183817703546413♠" style="display:none"></span>0.18% </td> <td>200 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999128209237475560♠" style="display:none"></span>0.13% </td> <td>110 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998716565696045860♠" style="display:none"></span>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total responses </th> <th>163,030 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001982084769041709♠" style="display:none"></span>98.21% </th> <th>158,665 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001982257275693210♠" style="display:none"></span>98.23% </th> <th>157,765 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001984345558231528♠" style="display:none"></span>98.43% </th> <th>155,995 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001988204514212230♠" style="display:none"></span>98.82% </th> <th>153,510 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001988989749966176♠" style="display:none"></span>98.9% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>166,004 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>161,531 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>160,274 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>157,857 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>155,219 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Sudbury</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Christian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:46.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">46.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">No Religion/Secular</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:33.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">33.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant Christians</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:10.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">10.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Christian (not otherwise specified)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:3.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other Christian/Christian Related Tradition</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:2.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.6%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Census Profile 2021</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>According to the 2021 Census Profile, the residents of Greater Sudbury are predominantly Christian. Around 64%<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (down from 81% in 2011) of the population belongs to Christian denominations with Catholics composing the largest single group (47%, down from 59% in 2011).<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_2011_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Canada_2011-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those with no religious affiliation accounted for 33% (up from 18% in 2011) of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_2011_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Canada_2011-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other religions such as Islam, Judaism, and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> constitute around 3% of the population in total, up from 1% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_2011_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Canada_2011-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Sudbury is a bilingual city with a large <a href="/wiki/French_language_in_Canada" title="French language in Canada">francophone</a> population, with 40% of Sudburians able to speak French. Some 80.1% of the population speak mostly English at home, followed by French at 16.3%, which is significantly higher than the Ontario average of 2.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greater_Sudbury" title="Economy of Greater Sudbury">Economy of Greater Sudbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_labour_in_Greater_Sudbury" title="Timeline of labour in Greater Sudbury">Timeline of labour in Greater Sudbury</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG/220px-Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="801"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG/220px-Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG/330px-Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG/440px-Copper_Cliff_South_Mine.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Copper_Cliff_South_Mine" title="Copper Cliff South Mine">Copper Cliff South Mine</a> is an underground nickel mine operated by <a href="/wiki/Vale_Inco" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale Inco">Vale Inco</a>. As of 2010, Vale was the largest employer in Greater Sudbury.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_view_(5669653426).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg/220px-City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg/220px-City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg/330px-City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg/440px-City_view_%285669653426%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>Barry Downe Road in Sudbury, with several businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a> visible. By 2006, 80 percent of Greater Sudbury's labour force was employed in the service sector.</figcaption></figure> <p>After a brief period as a lumber camp, Sudbury's economy was dominated by the mining industry for much of the 20th century. By the 1970s, Inco employed a quarter of the local workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-restive_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-restive-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2006, Inco and Falconbridge were taken over by foreign multinational corporations: Inco was acquired by the Brazilian company <a href="/wiki/Vale_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale (company)">Vale</a>, and Falconbridge was purchased by the Swiss company <a href="/wiki/Xstrata" title="Xstrata">Xstrata</a> which was in turn purchased by Anglo–Swiss Glencore forming <a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore Xstrata</a>. Several other mining companies, including First Nickel and <a href="/wiki/KGHM_Polska_Mied%C5%BA" title="KGHM Polska Miedź">KGHM</a>, also have mining operations in the Sudbury area. </p><p>Mining now employs only 6,000 people in the city, although the mining supply and service sector employs a further 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-PricewaterhouseCoopers_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PricewaterhouseCoopers-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2006, 80% of Greater Sudbury's labour force was employed in services with 20% remaining in manufacturing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Over 345 mining supply and service companies are located in Sudbury.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes a number of public and private firms pursuing research and development in new mining technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Mining_Innovation_Rehabilitation_and_Applied_Research_Corporation" title="Mining Innovation Rehabilitation and Applied Research Corporation">Mining Innovation Rehabilitation and Applied Research Corporation</a> (MIRARCO), the <a href="/wiki/NORCAT" title="NORCAT">Northern Center for Advanced Technology (NORCAT)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Mining_Innovation" title="Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation">Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation</a> (CEMI).<sup id="cite_ref-snoplus.phy.queensu.ca_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snoplus.phy.queensu.ca-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While mining has decreased in relative importance, Sudbury's economy has diversified to establish itself as a major centre of finance, business, tourism, health care, education, government, and science and technology research.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these reflect Sudbury's position as a regional service center for <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ontario" title="Northeastern Ontario">Northeastern Ontario</a>, a market of 550,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-PricewaterhouseCoopers_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PricewaterhouseCoopers-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The top employers in Sudbury as of November 2010 include:<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Company / organization </th> <th>Employees </th> <th>Sector </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vale_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale Limited">Vale</a></td> <td>3,999</td> <td>Mining </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Health_Sciences_North" title="Health Sciences North">Health Sciences North</a></td> <td>3,700</td> <td>Health services </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada_Revenue_Agency" title="Canada Revenue Agency">Sudbury Tax Services Office</a></td> <td>2,800</td> <td>Federal government </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Greater Sudbury</td> <td>2,166</td> <td>Municipal government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a></td> <td>1,850</td> <td>Education </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_District_School_Board" title="Rainbow District School Board">Rainbow District School Board</a></td> <td>1,606</td> <td>Education </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ontario" title="Government of Ontario">Ontario Ministries and Agencies</a></td> <td>1,500</td> <td>Ontario government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_catholique_du_Nouvel-Ontario" title="Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario">Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario</a></td> <td>1,443</td> <td>Education </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xstrata" title="Xstrata">Xstrata</a></td> <td>1,139</td> <td>Mining </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many retail businesses in the city have moved outside of the downtown core in the late 20th century and the city has struggled to rebuild and maintain a vibrant downtown core. In the 2000s and early 2010s, projects aimed at revitalizing the downtown core included the creation of Market Square, a farmer's and craft market; the redevelopment of the Rainbow Center Mall; streetscape beautification projects; the conversion of several underutilized <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_places_in_Greater_Sudbury" title="List of historic places in Greater Sudbury">historic properties</a> into <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use</a> office and <a href="/wiki/Loft" title="Loft">loft</a> developments;<sup id="cite_ref-developers_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-developers-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the establishment and launch of the <a href="/wiki/McEwen_School_of_Architecture" title="McEwen School of Architecture">McEwen School of Architecture</a>, as well as cultural events such as Downtown Rotary Blues for Food, Sudbury's Largest Yard and Sidewalk Sale, Downtown Sudbury Ribfest and the Up Here art and music festival. New projects underway in the late 2010s include Place des Arts, a performing and visual arts center;<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the redesign and renovation of the central plaza at <a href="/wiki/Tom_Davies_Square" title="Tom Davies Square">Tom Davies Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bids_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bids-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these efforts a large percentage of the city's retail service sector is still found outside of the downtown core, in areas such as the Four Corners, the RioCan and Silver Hills <a href="/wiki/Retail_park" title="Retail park">power centres</a> on the Kingsway, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Sudbury_Centre" title="New Sudbury Centre">New Sudbury Centre</a>, the largest shopping mall in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario" title="Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a> with 110 stores.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_industry">Film industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Film industry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Sudbury has an emerging film and television industry, with a number of projects filming in the city in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-hollywood_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollywood-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of an active film and television production industry in Northern Ontario was initially undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9fest_Sudbury_International_Film_Festival" title="Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival">Cinéfest</a>, the city's largest annual film festival, in the early 1990s, and is currently overseen by Music and Film in Motion, a non-profit organization based in Sudbury.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Films shot in the city have included <i> <a href="/wiki/Resident_Evil:_Welcome_to_Raccoon_City" title="Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City">Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_(1989_film)" title="Roadkill (1989 film)">Roadkill</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-roadkill_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roadkill-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Shania:_A_Life_in_Eight_Albums" title="Shania: A Life in Eight Albums">Shania: A Life in Eight Albums</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dark_Truth" title="A Dark Truth">The Truth</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Blessed_(film)" title="The Lesser Blessed (film)">The Lesser Blessed</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-cbc_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/High_Chicago" title="High Chicago">High Chicago</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Perspective_(film_series)" title="Perspective (film series)">Perspective</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Captive_(2014_film)" title="The Captive (2014 film)">The Captive</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Ice_Soldiers" title="Ice Soldiers">Ice Soldiers</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Born_to_Be_Blue_(film)" title="Born to Be Blue (film)">Born to Be Blue</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Your_Name_Here_(2015_film)" title="Your Name Here (2015 film)">Your Name Here</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Horse_(film)" title="Indian Horse (film)">Indian Horse</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Romantic" title="The New Romantic">The New Romantic</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Men_with_Brooms" title="Men with Brooms">Men with Brooms</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-hollywood_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollywood-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Television series filmed in the city include <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o%2B" title="Météo+">Météo+</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Bleus_de_Ramville" title="Les Bleus de Ramville">Les Bleus de Ramville</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ramville_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramville-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Medical" title="Hard Rock Medical">Hard Rock Medical</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Rising" title="Dark Rising">Dark Rising: Warrior of Worlds</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Letterkenny_(TV_series)" title="Letterkenny (TV series)">Letterkenny</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/St._Nickel" title="St. Nickel">St. Nickel</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-stnickel_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stnickel-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(TV_series)" title="Cardinal (TV series)">Cardinal</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-broadcaster_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-broadcaster-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/What_Would_Sal_Do%3F" title="What Would Sal Do?">What Would Sal Do?</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Bad_Blood_(TV_series)" title="Bad Blood (TV series)">Bad Blood</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-mtlgazette_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtlgazette-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Shoresy" title="Shoresy">Shoresy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/March_Entertainment" title="March Entertainment">March Entertainment</a>'s studio in Sudbury has produced a number of animated television series, including <i><a href="/wiki/Chilly_Beach" title="Chilly Beach">Chilly Beach</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Maple_Shorts" title="Maple Shorts">Maple Shorts</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yam_Roll" title="Yam Roll">Yam Roll</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Dex_Hamilton:_Alien_Entomologist" title="Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist">Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's LGBT community has been profiled in two documentary films, the <a href="/wiki/Genie_Awards" title="Genie Awards">Genie Award</a>-winning <i><a href="/wiki/Mum%27s_the_Word_(film)" title="Mum's the Word (film)">Mum's the Word</a> (Maman et Ève)</i> in 1996<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pinco_Triangle" title="The Pinco Triangle">The Pinco Triangle</a></i> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sudbury is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Science_North_Production_Team" title="Science North Production Team">Science North Production Team</a>, an award-winning producer of documentary films and multimedia presentations for museums.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent filmmaker</a> <a href="/wiki/B._P._Paquette" title="B. P. Paquette">B. P. Paquette</a> is based in Sudbury.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inner City Films, a production company owned by Sudbury native <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adetuyi" title="Robert Adetuyi">Robert Adetuyi</a>, also has a production office in the city,<sup id="cite_ref-boosting_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boosting-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does Carte Blanche Films, the producer of <i>Météo+</i>, <i>Les Blues de Ramville</i> and <i>Hard Rock Medical</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Architecture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>With the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a> <a href="/wiki/McEwen_School_of_Architecture" title="McEwen School of Architecture">McEwen School of Architecture</a>, as well as increasing development in the city, architecture has become an increasingly important part of the economy in Sudbury. </p><p>Notable architecture in Greater Sudbury: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ledo_Hotel" title="Ledo Hotel">Ledo Hotel</a>, a historic building in downtown Sudbury, which has seen many uses since its construction in 1910.</li> <li>St. Andrew's Place, a church-community-complex which opened in 1972.</li> <li>Sudbury's <a href="/wiki/Shaar_Hashomayim_Synagogue_(Sudbury)" title="Shaar Hashomayim Synagogue (Sudbury)">Shaar Hashomayim Synagogue</a>, is a community-led synagogue which was constructed in 1960 and is the only synagogue in Sudbury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Block" title="Moses Block">Moses Block</a>, Durham at Elgin, Sudbury's only flatiron building built in 1907<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NOSMexterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/NOSMexterior.jpg/220px-NOSMexterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/NOSMexterior.jpg/220px-NOSMexterior.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/NOSMexterior.jpg/330px-NOSMexterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/NOSMexterior.jpg/440px-NOSMexterior.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario School of Medicine">Northern Ontario School of Medicine</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>Greater Sudbury is home to three postsecondary institutions: <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a>, a primarily undergraduate bilingual university with approximately 9,000 students,<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_College" title="Cambrian College">Cambrian College</a>, an English college of applied arts and technology with 4,500 full-time and 7,500 part-time students,<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Collège Boréal">Collège Boréal</a>, a francophone college with 2,000 enrolled,<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario School of Medicine">Northern Ontario School of Medicine</a>. On September 4, 2013, Laurentian University opened the <a href="/wiki/McEwen_School_of_Architecture" title="McEwen School of Architecture">McEwen School of Architecture</a> in downtown Sudbury, the first new architecture school to launch in Canada in more than 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opened in 2011 and located on the <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a> campus is the <a href="/wiki/Vale_Living_with_Lakes_Centre" title="Vale Living with Lakes Centre">Vale Living with Lakes Centre</a> which focuses on the research of stressors that can affect the health of water based ecosystems, contributing to the better ecological health of Sudbury. Canadian post-secondary institutions have also impacted the city's science and technology sectors. The Creighton Mine site in Sudbury is home to <a href="/wiki/SNOLAB" title="SNOLAB">SNOLAB</a>, the second-deepest (after <a href="/wiki/China_Jinping_Underground_Laboratory" title="China Jinping Underground Laboratory">China Jinping Underground Laboratory</a> in China) underground laboratory in the world and the site of numerous <a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">dark matter</a> experiments. Originally constructed for the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Neutrino_Observatory" title="Sudbury Neutrino Observatory">Sudbury Neutrino Observatory</a> (now concluded), the underground laboratory has been expanded and continues to operate as SNOLAB. The SNO equipment has been refurbished for use in the <a href="/wiki/SNO%2B" title="SNO+">SNO+</a> experiment.<sup id="cite_ref-snoplus.phy.queensu.ca_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snoplus.phy.queensu.ca-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg/220px-SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5202" data-file-height="3459"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg/220px-SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg/330px-SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg/440px-SNOLAB_2014-03-21.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SNOLAB" title="SNOLAB">SNOLAB</a> is an underground physics laboratory operated by several universities, including Laurentian.</figcaption></figure> <p>English-language public schooling is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_District_School_Board" title="Rainbow District School Board">Rainbow District School Board</a>. The board operates 28 elementary and nine secondary schools in Sudbury, one school for students with special needs, and the Cecil Facer Youth Center for young offenders.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Sudbury Catholic District School Board">Sudbury Catholic District School Board</a> offers publicly funded English-language Catholic education, with 16 elementary schools, five high schools and an adult education center.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French-language public schools are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_de_district_du_Grand_Nord_de_l%27Ontario" title="Conseil scolaire de district du Grand Nord de l'Ontario">Conseil scolaire de district du Grand Nord de l'Ontario</a> with seven elementary and two secondary schools and one alternative secondary school.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_catholique_du_Nouvel-Ontario" title="Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario">Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario</a> provides publicly funded French-language Catholic education, with 15 elementary, four secondary schools, and one adult education secondary school.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also two Christian private schools (Sudbury Christian Academy and King Christian Academy), as well two Montessori schools (King Montessori Academy and the Montessori School of Sudbury). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury_Public_Library" title="Greater Sudbury Public Library">Greater Sudbury Public Library</a> system has 13 branches throughout the city. The library system had 600,000 items as of 2011 and over 50% of the resident population are active library users.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sudbury Tool Library and Makerspace are located at the main branch of the Greater Sudbury Public Library. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Infrastructure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: Health care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Greater Sudbury serves as the health care center for much of northeastern Ontario through <a href="/wiki/Health_Sciences_North" title="Health Sciences North">Health Sciences North</a>. Sudbury is also the site of the Regional Cancer Program, which treats cancer patients from across the north. Sudbury's first General Hospital opened in 1950 and operated until 2010. Now, known as St. Joseph Health Center, the building remains abandoned and the new Sudbury Regional Hospital functions with Health Sciences North on Ramsey Lake Road. In 1968, the first successful <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">coronary artery bypass surgery</a> in Canada was performed at Sudbury Memorial Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult mental health services are also provided to the area through Health Sciences North, primarily at the Kirkwood site (formerly the Sudbury Algoma Hospital) and at the Cedar site downtown. Children's mental health services are provided through the Regional Children's Psychiatric Center operated by the Northeast Mental Health Center, located onsite at the Kirkwood Site of Health Sciences North. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_services">Emergency services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: Emergency services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Greater Sudbury is served by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury_Police_Service" title="Greater Sudbury Police Service">Greater Sudbury Police Service</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> headquartered in downtown Sudbury. There is also a detachment of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Provincial_Police" title="Ontario Provincial Police">Ontario Provincial Police</a> located in the McFarlane Lake area of the city's south end. Greater Sudbury Emergency Medical Services provides prehospital paramedic services with over 150 full-time and part-time paramedics.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greater Sudbury Fire Services operates from 24 fire stations located throughout the city,<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a combination 103 career staff and 350 volunteer fire fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the municipal amalgamation of 2001, most of the suburban towns were served by separate <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_fire_department" title="Volunteer fire department">volunteer fire departments</a>, which were amalgamated into the citywide service as part of the municipal restructuring. The municipally owned energy provider <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury_Utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Sudbury Utilities">Greater Sudbury Utilities</a> serves the city's urban core, while rural areas in the city continue to be served by <a href="/wiki/Hydro_One" title="Hydro One">Hydro One</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: Public transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The city maintains a bus-based <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transit</a> system, <a href="/wiki/GOVA" title="GOVA">GOVA</a>, transporting 4.4 million passengers in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-PricewaterhouseCoopers_130-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PricewaterhouseCoopers-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year 2000 marked the most significant change in Greater Sudbury's local transit history, as outlying townships were annexed into the municipality to form Greater Sudbury, expanding Greater Sudbury Transit's service area to one larger than most Ontario municipal and regional public transit agencies. The Downtown Transit Center is the primary hub for local transit in Sudbury. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: Air" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Sudbury_Airport_(5707786702).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg/220px-Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg/220px-Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg/330px-Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg/440px-Greater_Sudbury_Airport_%285707786702%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Airport" title="Sudbury Airport">Sudbury Airport</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airport</a> that serves Greater Sudbury, handling scheduled flights throughout Ontario.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Airport" title="Sudbury Airport">Greater Sudbury Airport</a> maintains two paved runways 6,600 ft (2,000 m) and 5,000 ft (1,500 m)<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in length and serves 270,784 passengers per year (2017).<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport is served by three regional carrier lines: <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Express" title="Air Canada Express">Air Canada Express</a> to <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Pearson_International_Airport" title="Toronto Pearson International Airport">Toronto Pearson International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porter_Airlines" title="Porter Airlines">Porter Airlines</a> to <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bishop_Toronto_City_Airport" title="Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport">Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bearskin_Airlines" title="Bearskin Airlines">Bearskin Airlines</a> to several destinations in Northern Ontario including <a href="/wiki/North_Bay/Jack_Garland_Airport" title="North Bay/Jack Garland Airport">North Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie_Airport" title="Sault Ste. Marie Airport">Sault Ste. Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timmins_Victor_M._Power_Airport" title="Timmins Victor M. Power Airport">Timmins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_International_Airport" title="Thunder Bay International Airport">Thunder Bay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_transportation">Intercity transportation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section: Intercity transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury,_Ontario,_Canada.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png/220px-Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1002"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 193px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png/220px-Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png" data-width="220" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png/330px-Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png/440px-Intercity_Transport_Hubs_in_Sudbury%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a><figcaption>Intercity Transport Hubs in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>Several different agencies provide intercity transportation to Sudbury. <a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sudbury%E2%80%93White_River_train" title="Sudbury–White River train">Sudbury–White River train</a> (a remnant of the old <i>Lake Superior</i> passenger service to <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>) serves a number of remote interior communities, some of which are not accessible by road, from the downtown <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_station_(Ontario)" title="Sudbury station (Ontario)">Sudbury station</a>. To the north and east of the city, <a href="/wiki/Capreol_station" title="Capreol station">Capreol station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Junction_station" title="Sudbury Junction station">Sudbury Junction station</a> are stops on Via Rail's transcontinental passenger service, the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_(train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian (train)">Canadian</a></i>, which passes through the area twice a week in each direction. </p><p>Intercity motor coach service is available at the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Ontario_Northland_Bus_Terminal" title="Sudbury Ontario Northland Bus Terminal">Sudbury Ontario Northland Bus Terminal</a>, which is a stop for <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Northland_Transportation_Commission" title="Ontario Northland Transportation Commission">Ontario Northland</a> motor coaches. Destinations include North Bay, <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hearst,_Ontario" title="Hearst, Ontario">Hearst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads_and_highways">Roads and highways</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edit section: Roads and highways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_roads_in_Greater_Sudbury" title="List of numbered roads in Greater Sudbury">List of numbered roads in Greater Sudbury</a></div> <p>There are three highways connecting Sudbury to the rest of Ontario: <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_17" title="Ontario Highway 17">Highway 17</a> is the main branch of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a>, connecting the city to points east and west. An approximately 21 km (13 mi) segment of Highway 17, from Mikkola to Whitefish, is <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">freeway</a>. The highway bypasses the city via two separately-constructed roads, the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_and_Southeast_Bypasses" title="Southwest and Southeast Bypasses">Southwest and Southeast Bypasses</a>, that form a partial <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a> around the southern end of the city's urban core for traffic travelling through Highway 17. The former alignment of Highway 17 through the city is now <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Municipal_Road_55" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Municipal Road 55">Municipal Road 55</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_69" title="Ontario Highway 69">Highway 69</a>, also a branch of the Trans-Canada Highway, leads south to <a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound,_Ontario" title="Parry Sound, Ontario">Parry Sound</a>, where it connects to the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_400" title="Ontario Highway 400">Highway 400</a> freeway to Toronto; Highway 400 is being extended to Greater Sudbury and is scheduled for completion in the 2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-delayed_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delayed-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_144" title="Ontario Highway 144">Highway 144</a> leads north to <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_101" title="Ontario Highway 101">Highway 101</a> in <a href="/wiki/Timmins" title="Timmins">Timmins</a>. </p><p>Greater Sudbury is the only census division in Northern Ontario that maintains a system of numbered <a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_roads_in_Greater_Sudbury" title="List of numbered roads in Greater Sudbury">municipal roads</a>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/County_highway#Canada" title="County highway">county road</a> system in the southern part of the province. Secondary <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_537" title="Ontario Highway 537">Highway 537</a>, which essentially provides an outer bypass link between Highway 69 at Wanup and Highway 17 at Wahnapitae, is also the only remaining secondary highway in the province located in any census division which also has its own municipal or county road system. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Greater_Sudbury" title="Media in Greater Sudbury">Media in Greater Sudbury</a></div> <p>As the largest city in Northern Ontario, Greater Sudbury is the region's primary media center. Due to the relatively small size of the region's individual media markets, most of the region is served at least partially by Sudbury-based media. <a href="/wiki/CICI-TV" title="CICI-TV">CICI-TV</a> produces almost all local programming on the <a href="/wiki/CTV_Northern_Ontario" title="CTV Northern Ontario">CTV Northern Ontario</a> system, and the <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a> stations <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBCS-FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBON-FM" title="CBON-FM">CBON-FM</a> broadcast to the entire region through extensive <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">rebroadcaster</a> networks. As well, many of the commercial radio stations in Northeastern Ontario's smaller cities simulcast programming produced in Sudbury for at least a portion of their programming schedules, particularly in weekend and evening slots. </p><p>Sudbury's daily newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i> is owned by <a href="/wiki/Postmedia_Network" title="Postmedia Network">Postmedia</a>, is published six days a week and has a weekday circulation of 17,530 as of 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's longtime community newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i> ceased print publication in 2020, concurrently with its sale from <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Media_Group" title="Laurentian Media Group">Laurentian Media Group</a> to <a href="/wiki/Village_Media" title="Village Media">Village Media</a>, and remains in operation as the web-only publication <i>Sudbury.com</i>. </p><p>There is also a weekly francophone publication, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Voyageur" title="Le Voyageur">Le Voyageur</a></i>. <i>The South Side Story</i> used to be a print and online publication but has been defunct since 2019. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Greater_Sudbury" title="List of people from Greater Sudbury">List of people from Greater Sudbury</a></div> <p>Notable people from Sudbury include television game-show <i><a href="/wiki/Jeopardy!" title="Jeopardy!">Jeopardy!</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Alex_Trebek" title="Alex Trebek">Alex Trebek</a> (which he hosted from 1984 to his death in 2020), <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/Michelle_O%27Bonsawin" title="Michelle O'Bonsawin">Michelle O'Bonsawin</a>, architect <a href="/wiki/Jason_F._McLennan" title="Jason F. McLennan">Jason F. McLennan</a> who created the <a href="/wiki/Living_Building_Challenge" title="Living Building Challenge">Living Building Challenge</a> and is CEO of McLennan Design, <a href="/wiki/Power_Corporation_of_Canada" title="Power Corporation of Canada">Power Corporation of Canada</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmarais_Jr." title="Paul Desmarais Jr.">Paul Desmarais Jr.</a>, mining speculator and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Giustra" title="Frank Giustra">Frank Giustra</a>, founder of Lionsgate Entertainment president of <a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">United Steelworkers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Gerard" title="Leo Gerard">Leo Gerard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Canada women's national soccer team">Canada national soccer team</a> forward <a href="/wiki/Clo%C3%A9_Lacasse" title="Cloé Lacasse">Cloé Lacasse</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> head coach <a href="/wiki/Randy_Carlyle" title="Randy Carlyle">Randy Carlyle</a>, Olympic swimmer <a href="/wiki/Alex_Baumann" title="Alex Baumann">Alex Baumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Johnston" title="Rebecca Johnston">Rebecca Johnston</a> who plays for the <a href="/wiki/Canada_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada women's national ice hockey team">Canadian Women's Hockey Team</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tessa_Bonhomme" title="Tessa Bonhomme">Tessa Bonhomme</a> was a former player. Sudbury has produced 81 <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> hockey players including <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">Hockey Hall of Fame</a> inductees <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Giacomin" title="Eddie Giacomin">Eddie Giacomin</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_(ice_hockey)" title="George Armstrong (ice hockey)">George Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Ross" title="Art Ross">Art Ross</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Al_Arbour" title="Al Arbour">Al Arbour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Greater_Sudbury" title="List of tallest buildings in Greater Sudbury">List of tallest buildings in Greater Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_francophone_communities_in_Ontario" title="List of francophone communities in Ontario">List of francophone communities in Ontario</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Extreme high and low temperatures in the table are from Sudbury (June 1887 to July 1930), <a href="/wiki/Nickel_Centre" title="Nickel Centre">Coniston</a> (August 1930 to September 1947), Sudbury (October 1947 to January 1954), and <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Airport" title="Sudbury Airport">Sudbury Airport</a> (February 1954 to present).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euro-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euro_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EastAsian-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EastAsian_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoutheastAsian-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SoutheastAsian_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MiddleEastern-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MiddleEastern_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Other-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Other_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, <abbr title="not included elsewhere">n.i.e.</abbr>" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarold_Carmichael2013" class="citation news cs1">Harold Carmichael (November 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesudburystar.com/2013/11/17/ukrainians-say-goodbye-to-nickel-city">"Ukrainians say goodbye to Nickel City"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Canoe_Sun_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoe Sun Media">Canoe Sun Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sudbury+Star&amp;rft.atitle=Ukrainians+say+goodbye+to+Nickel+City&amp;rft.date=2013-11-18&amp;rft.au=Harold+Carmichael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesudburystar.com%2F2013%2F11%2F17%2Fukrainians-say-goodbye-to-nickel-city&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudbury_Northern_Life_Staff2010" class="citation news cs1">Sudbury Northern Life Staff (March 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2010/03/freshwater-ecology160310.aspx">"Restoring the City of Lakes' aquatic luster"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Restoring+the+City+of+Lakes%27+aquatic+luster&amp;rft.date=2010-03-16&amp;rft.au=Sudbury+Northern+Life+Staff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2Fnews%2FlocalNews%2F2010%2F03%2Ffreshwater-ecology160310.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEVNQ">"Greater Sudbury"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base" title="GeoBase (geospatial data)">Geographical Names Data Base</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Greater+Sudbury&amp;rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&amp;rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DFEVNQ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;SearchText=Sudbury&amp;DGUIDlist=2021A00053553005&amp;GENDERlist=1&amp;STATISTIClist=1&amp;HEADERlist=0">"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Data table: City of Greater Sudbury"</a>. Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population+Data+table%3A+City+of+Greater+Sudbury&amp;rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft.date=2022-02-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DSudbury%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00053553005%26GENDERlist%3D1%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;SearchText=Sudbury&amp;DGUIDlist=2021S05100904&amp;GENDERlist=1&amp;STATISTIClist=1&amp;HEADERlist=0">"Census Profile, 2021 Census Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+Sudbury+%5BPopulation+centre%5D%2C+Ontario+and+Ontario+%5BProvince%5D&amp;rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft.date=2022-02-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DSudbury%26DGUIDlist%3D2021S05100904%26GENDERlist%3D1%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801">"Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=July+1936&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D7%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1936%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-December_1933-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-December_1933_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-December_1933_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=12&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1933&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"December 1933"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=December+1933&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D12%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1933%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-climate-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-climate_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&amp;lstProvince=ON&amp;txtCentralLatMin=0&amp;txtCentralLatSec=0&amp;txtCentralLongMin=0&amp;txtCentralLongSec=0&amp;stnID=203000000&amp;dispBack=0">"Sudbury"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020</i>. Environment Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&amp;rft.atitle=Sudbury&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_normals%2Fresults_1991_2020_e.html%3FsearchType%3DstnProv%26lstProvince%3DON%26txtCentralLatMin%3D0%26txtCentralLatSec%3D0%26txtCentralLongMin%3D0%26txtCentralLongSec%3D0%26stnID%3D203000000%26dispBack%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-November_1887-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-November_1887_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1887-06-01%7C1977-09-30&amp;mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&amp;StationID=4131&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=0&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.466666666667&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.816666666667&amp;timeframe=2&amp;Year=1887&amp;Month=11">"November 1887"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=November+1887&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1887-06-01%257C1977-09-30%26mlyRange%3D1914-01-01%257C1977-12-01%26StationID%3D4131%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.466666666667%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.816666666667%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1887%26Month%3D11&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-January_1888-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-January_1888_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1887-06-01%7C1977-09-30&amp;mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&amp;StationID=4131&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=0&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.466666666667&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.816666666667&amp;timeframe=2&amp;Year=1888&amp;Month=1">"January 1888"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=January+1888&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1887-06-01%257C1977-09-30%26mlyRange%3D1914-01-01%257C1977-12-01%26StationID%3D4131%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.466666666667%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.816666666667%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1888%26Month%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-February_1888-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-February_1888_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1887-06-01%7C1977-09-30&amp;mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&amp;StationID=4131&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=0&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.466666666667&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.816666666667&amp;timeframe=2&amp;Year=1888&amp;Month=2">"February 1888"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=February+1888&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1887-06-01%257C1977-09-30%26mlyRange%3D1914-01-01%257C1977-12-01%26StationID%3D4131%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.466666666667%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.816666666667%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1888%26Month%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-April_1923-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-April_1923_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1887-06-01%7C1977-09-30&amp;mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&amp;StationID=4131&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=0&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.466666666667&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.816666666667&amp;timeframe=2&amp;Year=1923&amp;Month=4">"April 1923"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=April+1923&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1887-06-01%257C1977-09-30%26mlyRange%3D1914-01-01%257C1977-12-01%26StationID%3D4131%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.466666666667%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.816666666667%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1923%26Month%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-October_1925-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-October_1925_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1887-06-01%7C1977-09-30&amp;mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&amp;StationID=4131&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=0&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.466666666667&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.816666666667&amp;timeframe=2&amp;Year=1925&amp;Month=10">"October 1925"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=October+1925&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1887-06-01%257C1977-09-30%26mlyRange%3D1914-01-01%257C1977-12-01%26StationID%3D4131%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.466666666667%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.816666666667%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1925%26Month%3D10&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_1926-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-May_1926_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1887-06-01%7C1977-09-30&amp;mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&amp;StationID=4131&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=0&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.466666666667&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.816666666667&amp;timeframe=2&amp;Year=1926&amp;Month=5">"May 1926"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=May+1926&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1887-06-01%257C1977-09-30%26mlyRange%3D1914-01-01%257C1977-12-01%26StationID%3D4131%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.466666666667%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.816666666667%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1926%26Month%3D5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_1931-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-May_1931_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=5&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1931&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"May 1931"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=May+1931&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D5%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1931%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-September_1931-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-September_1931_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=9&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1931&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"September 1931"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=September+1931&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D9%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1931%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-January_1934-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-January_1934_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=1&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1934&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"January 1934"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=January+1934&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D1%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1934%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-December_1936-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-December_1936_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=12&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1936&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"December 1936"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=December+1936&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D12%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1936%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-November_1940-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-November_1940_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=11&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1940&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"November 1940"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=November+1940&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D11%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1940%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-July_1941-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-July_1941_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=7&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1941&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"July 1941"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=July+1941&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D7%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1941%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-November_1946-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-November_1946_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1921-04-01%7C1976-01-31&amp;mlyRange=1921-01-01%7C1976-12-01&amp;StationID=4112&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;Month=10&amp;Day=1&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;Year=1946&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=1&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.483333333333&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.983333333333&amp;timeframe=2">"November 1946"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=November+1946&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1921-04-01%257C1976-01-31%26mlyRange%3D1921-01-01%257C1976-12-01%26StationID%3D4112%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26Month%3D10%26Day%3D1%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26Year%3D1946%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D1%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.483333333333%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.983333333333%26timeframe%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-March_1950-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-March_1950_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&amp;dlyRange=1887-06-01%7C1977-09-30&amp;mlyRange=1914-01-01%7C1977-12-01&amp;StationID=4131&amp;Prov=ON&amp;urlExtension=_e.html&amp;searchType=stnProx&amp;optLimit=specDate&amp;StartYear=1840&amp;EndYear=2016&amp;selRowPerPage=25&amp;Line=0&amp;txtRadius=25&amp;optProxType=navLink&amp;txtLatDecDeg=46.466666666667&amp;txtLongDecDeg=80.816666666667&amp;timeframe=2&amp;Year=1950&amp;Month=3">"March 1950"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&amp;rft.atitle=March+1950&amp;rft.date=2011-10-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1887-06-01%257C1977-09-30%26mlyRange%3D1914-01-01%257C1977-12-01%26StationID%3D4131%26Prov%3DON%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnProx%26optLimit%3DspecDate%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26txtRadius%3D25%26optProxType%3DnavLink%26txtLatDecDeg%3D46.466666666667%26txtLongDecDeg%3D80.816666666667%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1950%26Month%3D3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatersudbury.ca/content/div_budget/documents/Budget%202011%20Budget%20Operating%20Summary1.pdf">"2011 Operating Budget"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Greater Sudbury.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2011+Operating+Budget&amp;rft.pub=Greater+Sudbury&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatersudbury.ca%2Fcontent%2Fdiv_budget%2Fdocuments%2FBudget%25202011%2520Budget%2520Operating%2520Summary1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&amp;dir=rep/off/44gedata&amp;document=bypro&amp;lang=e">"Official Voting Results Raw Data (poll by poll results in Greater Sudbury)"</a>. Elections Canada. April 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Official+Voting+Results+Raw+Data+%28poll+by+poll+results+in+Greater+Sudbury%29&amp;rft.pub=Elections+Canada&amp;rft.date=2022-04-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fsection%3Dres%26dir%3Drep%2Foff%2F44gedata%26document%3Dbypro%26lang%3De&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.on.ca/en/resource-centre/elections-results.html">"Official Voting Results by polling station (poll by poll results in Greater Sudbury)"</a>. Election Ontario<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Official+Voting+Results+by+polling+station+%28poll+by+poll+results+in+Greater+Sudbury%29&amp;rft.pub=Election+Ontario&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.on.ca%2Fen%2Fresource-centre%2Felections-results.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www12.statcan.ca-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www12.statcan.ca_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www12.statcan.ca_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105231232/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553007&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Sudbury&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">"2001 Community Profiles"</a>. <i>12.statcan.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553007&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Sudbury&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">the original</a> on January 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=12.statcan.ca&amp;rft.atitle=2001+Community+Profiles&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2FProfil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553007%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DSudbury%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2001" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Canada (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091620/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553028&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=valley%20east&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">"2001 Community Profile of Valley East"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553028&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=valley%20east&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">the original</a> on October 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2001+Community+Profile+of+Valley+East&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fprofil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553028%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Dvalley%2520east%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2001" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Canada (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091620/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553024&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=rayside-balfour&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">"2001 Community Profile of Rayside-Balfour"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553024&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=rayside-balfour&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">the original</a> on October 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2001+Community+Profile+of+Rayside-Balfour&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fprofil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553024%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Drayside-balfour%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2001" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Canada (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091620/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553001&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Nickel%20Centre&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">"2001 Community Profile of Nickel Centre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553001&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Nickel%20Centre&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">the original</a> on October 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2001+Community+Profile+of+Nickel+Centre&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fprofil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553001%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DNickel%2520Centre%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2001" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Canada (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091620/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553012&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=walden&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">"2001 Community Profile of Walden"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553012&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=walden&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">the original</a> on October 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2001+Community+Profile+of+Walden&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fprofil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553012%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Dwalden%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2001" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Canada (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091620/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553019&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=onaping%20falls&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">"2001 Community Profile of Onaping Falls"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553019&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=onaping%20falls&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">the original</a> on October 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2001+Community+Profile+of+Onaping+Falls&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fprofil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553019%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Donaping%2520falls%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2001" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Canada (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091620/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553035&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=capreol&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">"2001 Community Profile of Capreol"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553035&amp;Geo2=PR&amp;Code2=35&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=capreol&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=">the original</a> on October 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2001+Community+Profile+of+Capreol&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fprofil01%2FCP01%2FDetails%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553035%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Dcapreol%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011NHS-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011NHS_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011NHS_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=CSD&amp;Code1=3553005&amp;Geo2=CD&amp;Code2=3553&amp;SearchText=greater+sud&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;B1=All&amp;TABID=1&amp;type=1">"Greater Sudbury, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Greater Sudbury, Census division [Census division], Ontario"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Greater+Sudbury%2C+City+%5BCensus+subdivision%5D%2C+Ontario+and+Greater+Sudbury%2C+Census+division+%5BCensus+division%5D%2C+Ontario&amp;rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D3553005%26Geo2%3DCD%26Code2%3D3553%26SearchText%3Dgreater%2Bsud%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesudburystar.com/2014/03/12/mayor-introduces-new-sudbury-art-event">"Mayor introduces new Sudbury art event"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, March 12, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrichsen2023" class="citation news cs1">Ulrichsen, Heidi (November 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudbury.com/local-news/yes-theatre-sudbury-theatre-centre-have-officially-merged-7810830">"YES Theatre, Sudbury Theatre Centre have officially merged"</a>. <i>Sudbury.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sudbury.com&amp;rft.atitle=YES+Theatre%2C+Sudbury+Theatre+Centre+have+officially+merged&amp;rft.date=2023-11-09&amp;rft.aulast=Ulrichsen&amp;rft.aufirst=Heidi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudbury.com%2Flocal-news%2Fyes-theatre-sudbury-theatre-centre-have-officially-merged-7810830&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/theatre-arts-motion-picture-film-thorneloe-financial-deficit-1.5553289">"Thorneloe University to shut down Theatre Arts and Motion Picture Arts programs"</a>. <i>CBC Sudbury</i>. May 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBC+Sudbury&amp;rft.atitle=Thorneloe+University+to+shut+down+Theatre+Arts+and+Motion+Picture+Arts+programs&amp;rft.date=2020-05-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsudbury%2Ftheatre-arts-motion-picture-film-thorneloe-financial-deficit-1.5553289&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/laurentian-negotiations-insolvency-terminations-restructuring-1.5982114">"Laurentian University cuts 100 professors, dozens of programs"</a>. <i>CBC Sudbury</i>. April 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBC+Sudbury&amp;rft.atitle=Laurentian+University+cuts+100+professors%2C+dozens+of+programs&amp;rft.date=2021-04-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsudbury%2Flaurentian-negotiations-insolvency-terminations-restructuring-1.5982114&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Katherine Keown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesudburystar.com/entertainment/sudburys-yes-theatre-unveils-plans-for-refettorio">"Sudbury's YES Theatre unveils plans for Refettorio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, October 13, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/refettorio-grand-opening-romeo-and-juliet-1.6945169">"New outdoor theatre debuts in downtown Sudbury"</a>. <i>CBC Sudbury</i>. August 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBC+Sudbury&amp;rft.atitle=New+outdoor+theatre+debuts+in+downtown+Sudbury&amp;rft.date=2023-08-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsudbury%2Frefettorio-grand-opening-romeo-and-juliet-1.6945169&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudbury.com/local-news/construction-on-30m-place-des-arts-begins-next-week-1622615">"Construction on $30M Place des Arts begins next week"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury.com">Sudbury.com</a></i>, August 3, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ontrack-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ontrack_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/sudbury-place-des-arts-opening-1.6200050">"Sudbury's Place des Arts on track for a 2022 opening"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBC Northern Ontario</a>, October 5, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extraseats-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-extraseats_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Extra seats needed at Cinefest". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>, September 27, 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/junction-north-documentary-film-festival-1.4389655">"Junction North International Documentary Film Festival set for Sudbury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBC Sudbury</a>, November 6, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-queernorth-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-queernorth_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/queer-north-festival-lineup-1.4142217">"Queer North Film Festival announces lineup for second year"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBC Sudbury</a>, June 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/indie-cinema-funding-1.4514089">"New Sudbury Indie Cinema space could leverage more arts and culture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBC Sudbury</a>, February 1, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesudburystar.com/entertainment/local-arts/adventure-film-festival-coming-to-sudbury">"Adventure film festival coming to Sudbury"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, December 21, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Megan LaPierre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exclaim.ca/film/article/sudburys_tiny_underground_film_festival_announces_2023_programming">"Sudbury's Tiny Underground Film Festival Announces 2023 Programming"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Exclaim!" title="Exclaim!">Exclaim!</a></i>, September 12, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ohdio/premiere/emissions/le-matin-du-nord/segments/entrevue/455286/indie-cinema-creature-kon-sick">"Une 2e édition pour un festival de films d’horreur à Sudbury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBON-FM" title="CBON-FM">CBON-FM</a>, September 12, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2014/07/07-pride-festival-sudbury.aspx">"Sudbury poised to show its pride"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i>, July 7, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nick Dunne, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvo.org/article/turning-northeastern-ontario-cities-into-outdoor-art-galleries">"Turning northeastern Ontario cities into outdoor art galleries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TVOntario" class="mw-redirect" title="TVOntario">TVOntario</a>, December 9, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/playsmelter-returns-sudbury-1.6445028">"Sudbury's Playsmelter festival returns following 2-year hiatus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBC Sudbury</a>, May 9, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudbury.com/lifestyle/japan-festival-returns-to-bell-park-july-16-after-2-year-gap-5480846">"Japan Festival returns to Bell Park on July 16"</a>. <i>Sudbury.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sudbury.com&amp;rft.atitle=Japan+Festival+returns+to+Bell+Park+on+July+16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudbury.com%2Flifestyle%2Fjapan-festival-returns-to-bell-park-july-16-after-2-year-gap-5480846&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul-François Sylvestre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://l-express.ca/lincendiaire-de-sudbury-jouer-avec-le-feu-et-les-mots/">"L’incendiaire de Sudbury : jouer avec le feu et les mots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Express_(Toronto)" title="L'Express (Toronto)">L'Express</a></i>, September 30, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sudburystar-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sudburystar_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesudburystar.com/2012/10/25/a-one-of-a-kind-musical">"A one-of-a-kind musical"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231441/http://www.thesudburystar.com/2012/10/25/a-one-of-a-kind-musical">Archived</a> March 8, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, October 25, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2010" class="citation news cs1">Bradley, Bill (February 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudbury.com/lifestyle/roger-nash-named-sudburys-first-poet-laureate-227721">"Roger Nash named Sudbury's first poet laureate"</a>. <i>Sudbury.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sudbury.com&amp;rft.atitle=Roger+Nash+named+Sudbury%27s+first+poet+laureate&amp;rft.date=2010-02-25&amp;rft.aulast=Bradley&amp;rft.aufirst=Bill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudbury.com%2Flifestyle%2Froger-nash-named-sudburys-first-poet-laureate-227721&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vicki Gilhula, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudbury.com/memory-lane/memory-lane-the-grand-history-of-sudburys-110-year-old-grand-theatre-3225298">"Memory Lane: The grand history of Sudbury’s 110-year-old Grand Theatre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury.com">Sudbury.com</a></i>, December 31, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura Stradiotto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesudburystar.com/entertainment/local-arts/historic-sudbury-church-finds-new-life-as-concert-hall-recording-studio">"Historic Sudbury church finds new life as concert hall, recording studio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, December 4, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenny Jelen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudbury.com/lifestyle/towne-house-like-a-second-living-room-234355">"Towne House ‘like a second living room’"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury.com">Sudbury.com</a></i>, April 27, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/sudbury-amphitheatre-getting-busier-with-bookings-1.1329773">"Sudbury amphitheatre getting busier with bookings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBC Sudbury</a>, April 23, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura Stradiotto, "Another side of the city ; 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Sudbury, Ont., becoming hot spot for film crews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Press">Canadian Press</a>, June 25, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204112312/http://www.thesudburystar.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=3088605">"Landry leaving Music and Film in Motion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, April 20, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roadkill-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roadkill_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130222152040/http://tiff.net/CANADIANFILMENCYCLOPEDIA/content/films/roadkill">"Canadian Film Encyclopedia - Roadkill"</a>. February 22, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tiff.net/CANADIANFILMENCYCLOPEDIA/content/films/roadkill">the original</a> on February 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Canadian+Film+Encyclopedia+-+Roadkill&amp;rft.date=2013-02-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftiff.net%2FCANADIANFILMENCYCLOPEDIA%2Fcontent%2Ffilms%2Froadkill&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baytoday.ca/content/editorials/details.asp?c=10314">"CBC to premiere “Shania: A Life in Eight Albums”"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084505/http://www.baytoday.ca/content/editorials/details.asp?c=10314">Archived</a> August 19, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Bay Today</i>, November 2, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbc-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbc_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/the-lesser-blessed-tells-universal-story-of-alienation-1.1272783">"The Lesser Blessed tells universal story of alienation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>, October 22, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesudburystar.com/2012/04/14/filmmaker-favours-sudbury-for-filming">"Filmmaker favours Sudbury for filming"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829075848/http://www.thesudburystar.com/2012/04/14/filmmaker-favours-sudbury-for-filming">Archived</a> August 29, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, April 15, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesudburystar.com/2013/03/01/egoyan-film-gets-1-million-from-nohfc">"Egoyan film gets $1 million from NOHFC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, 1 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"New era in Canadian film possible; Gunnarsson laments the state of feature filmmaking in this country". <i><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Sun" title="Vancouver Sun">Vancouver Sun</a></i>, January 24, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/ethan-hawke-shoots-chet-baker-biopic-in-sudbury-1.2810212">"Ethan Hawke shoots Chet Baker biopic in Sudbury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>, October 23, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2016" class="citation web cs1">Reid, Regan (November 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://playbackonline.ca/2016/11/25/cameras-roll-on-indian-horse/">"Production underway on Indian Horse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Playback_(magazine)" title="Playback (magazine)">Playback</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220044238/https://playbackonline.ca/2016/11/25/cameras-roll-on-indian-horse/">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Playback&amp;rft.atitle=Production+underway+on+Indian+Horse&amp;rft.date=2016-11-25&amp;rft.aulast=Reid&amp;rft.aufirst=Regan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplaybackonline.ca%2F2016%2F11%2F25%2Fcameras-roll-on-indian-horse%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto2017" class="citation web cs1">Pinto, Jordan (November 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://playbackonline.ca/2017/11/06/inside-independent-edges-new-romantics/">"Inside Independent Edge's New Romantic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Playback_(magazine)" title="Playback (magazine)">Playback</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926231826/https://playbackonline.ca/2017/11/06/inside-independent-edges-new-romantics/">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Playback&amp;rft.atitle=Inside+Independent+Edge%27s+New+Romantic&amp;rft.date=2017-11-06&amp;rft.aulast=Pinto&amp;rft.aufirst=Jordan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplaybackonline.ca%2F2017%2F11%2F06%2Finside-independent-edges-new-romantics%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927152525/http://www.northernlife.ca/News/Lifestyle/2007/06-18-07-actors.asp?NLStory=06-18-07-actors">"TFO to film French-language comedy in Greater Sudbury"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i>. June 18, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/News/Lifestyle/2007/06-18-07-actors.asp?NLStory=06-18-07-actors">the original</a> on September 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&amp;rft.atitle=TFO+to+film+French-language+comedy+in+Greater+Sudbury&amp;rft.date=2007-06-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2FNews%2FLifestyle%2F2007%2F06-18-07-actors.asp%3FNLStory%3D06-18-07-actors&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ramville-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ramville_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ontario.ca/mndmf/en/2010/05/new-tv-series-produced-in-sudbury-and-area.html">New TV Series Produced In Sudbury And Area</a>", Government of Ontario, May 21, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidi_Ulrichsen2011" class="citation news cs1">Heidi Ulrichsen (December 9, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localnews/2011/12/09-hard-rock-medical-sudbury.aspx">"New TV show inspired by northern medical school"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&amp;rft.atitle=New+TV+show+inspired+by+northern+medical+school&amp;rft.date=2011-12-09&amp;rft.au=Heidi+Ulrichsen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2Fnews%2Flocalnews%2F2011%2F12%2F09-hard-rock-medical-sudbury.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/film-shoot-causes-conflict-with-biz-owner-1.1250647">"Film shoot causes conflict with biz owner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>, July 13, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2015/05/26/jared-keeso-series-letterkenny-shooting-in-sudbury.html">"Jared Keeso series Letterkenny shooting in Sudbury"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>, May 26, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stnickel-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stnickel_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quebec.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/06/25/st-nickel-unis-tv-premiere-serie-originale_n_7664960.html">"«St-Nickel»: une première série originale pour Unis TV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>, June 25, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-broadcaster-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-broadcaster_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/news/ctv-and-super-ecran-partner-on-new-serialized-drama/1004021569/">"CTV and Super Écran Partner on New Serialized Drama"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160215172722/http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/news/ctv-and-super-ecran-partner-on-new-serialized-drama/1004021569/">Archived</a> February 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Broadcaster</i>, February 11, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/news/super-channel-announces-start-of-production-on-original-scripted-comedy-series/1003768209/">"Super Channel Announces Start of Production on Original Scripted Comedy Series"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031836/http://www.broadcastermagazine.com/news/super-channel-announces-start-of-production-on-original-scripted-comedy-series/1003768209/">Archived</a> March 5, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Broadcaster</i>, August 19, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mtlgazette-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mtlgazette_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/rizzuto-the-tv-series-on-a-tv-screen-near-you-in-fall-2017">"Montreal Mafia TV series coming to a screen near you in fall 2017"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a></i>, January 12, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesudburystar.com/entertainment/letterkenny-spinoff-shoresy-to-begin-shooting-in-sudbury-shortly">"Letterkenny spinoff Shoresy to begin shooting in Sudbury shortly"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, October 31, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArron_Pickard2011" class="citation news cs1">Arron Pickard (December 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2011/12/02-NOHFC-invests-in-March-Ent-Sudbury.aspx">"NOHFC invests $2.5 million in animation studio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&amp;rft.atitle=NOHFC+invests+%242.5+million+in+animation+studio&amp;rft.date=2011-12-02&amp;rft.au=Arron+Pickard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2Fnews%2FlocalNews%2F2011%2F12%2F02-NOHFC-invests-in-March-Ent-Sudbury.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/lgbt-film-airs-again-1.4158294">"20 years after Maman et Eve: looking back on coming out in the Nickel City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBC Sudbury</a>, June 13, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyxtra.com/steelworkers-miners-faggots-oh-my-48213">"Steelworkers, miners &amp; faggots. Oh my"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Xtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Xtra">Daily Xtra</a></i>, May 19, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudbury_Northern_Life_Staff2012" class="citation news cs1">Sudbury Northern Life Staff (May 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2012/05/07-science-north-wildfire-award-sudbury.aspx">"Science North fired up over award"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Science+North+fired+up+over+award&amp;rft.date=2012-05-07&amp;rft.au=Sudbury+Northern+Life+Staff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2Fnews%2FlocalNews%2F2012%2F05%2F07-science-north-wildfire-award-sudbury.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120722043500/http://sudburystar.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?archive=true&amp;e=1210032">"Film company has big plans for Sudbury"</a>. <i>The Sudbury Star</i>, September 20, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boosting-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boosting_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudbury_Northern_Life_Staff2010" class="citation news cs1">Sudbury Northern Life Staff (July 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/localNews/2010/07/sudbury-film290710.aspx">"Boosting home-grown film"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Boosting+home-grown+film&amp;rft.date=2010-07-28&amp;rft.au=Sudbury+Northern+Life+Staff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2Fnews%2FlocalNews%2F2010%2F07%2Fsudbury-film290710.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenny_Jelen2011" class="citation news cs1">Jenny Jelen (February 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernlife.ca/news/lifestyle/2011/02/ramville-070211.aspx">"Greater Sudbury is stage for hockey drama"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Life_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Life (newspaper)">Northern Life</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Greater+Sudbury+is+stage+for+hockey+drama&amp;rft.date=2011-02-07&amp;rft.au=Jenny+Jelen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernlife.ca%2Fnews%2Flifestyle%2F2011%2F02%2Framville-070211.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudbury.com/then-and-now/then-now-the-link-between-a-romanian-jew-who-accidentally-ended-up-in-sudbury-and-the-downtown-flatiron-building-2777056">"Then &amp; Now: The link between a Romanian Jew who accidentally ended up in Sudbury and the downtown flatiron building"</a>. <i>Sudbury.com</i>. October 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sudbury.com&amp;rft.atitle=Then+%26+Now%3A+The+link+between+a+Romanian+Jew+who+accidentally+ended+up+in+Sudbury+and+the+downtown+flatiron+building&amp;rft.date=2020-10-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudbury.com%2Fthen-and-now%2Fthen-now-the-link-between-a-romanian-jew-who-accidentally-ended-up-in-sudbury-and-the-downtown-flatiron-building-2777056&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080925065206/http://www.laurentian.ca/Laurentian/Home/About+LU/Welcome+-+About+LU.htm?Laurentian_Lang=en-CA">"Welcome - About LU"</a>. 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Archived from the original on September 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Welcome+-+About+LU&amp;rft.date=2008-09-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laurentian.ca%2FLaurentian%2FHome%2FAbout%2BLU%2FWelcome%2B-%2BAbout%2BLU.htm%3FLaurentian_Lang%3Den-CA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambriancollege.ca/AboutCambrian/Pages/AboutCambrian.aspx">"About Cambrian"</a>. <i>Cambriancollege.ca</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_College" title="Cambrian College">Cambrian College</a>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Effective 0901<a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Z</a> 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131115113749/http://www.flysudbury.ca/flysudbury/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=91%3Afacts-and-demographics&amp;catid=35%3Abusiness-gsa&amp;Itemid=53&amp;lang=en">"Facts and Demographics"</a>. Greater Sudbury Airport. 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Hockey-Reference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NHL+Players+Born+in+Ontario%2C+Canada&amp;rft.pub=Hockey-Reference.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockey-reference.com%2Ffriv%2Fbirthplaces.cgi%3Fcountry%3DCA%26province%3DON%26state%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreater+Sudbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul><li>Oiva W. Saarinen (2013). <i>From Meteorite Impact to Constellation City: A Historical Geography of Greater Sudbury</i>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greater_Sudbury,_Ontario" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Greater Sudbury, Ontario">Greater Sudbury, Ontario</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatersudbury.ca">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Rendering was triggered because: unknown --> </section></div> <!-- MobileFormatter took 0.062 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;oldid=1257868491">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;oldid=1257868491</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Sudbury&amp;action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="174.95.164.46" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731805464"> <span>Last edited on 17 November 2024, at 01:04</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="غريتر سودبوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غريتر سودبوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بۆیوک سادبری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بۆیوک سادبری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Грэйтэр-Садберы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэйтэр-Садберы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Садбэры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Садбэры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudbury_(Ontario)" title="Sudbury (Ontario) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sudbury (Ontario)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Γκρέιτερ Σάντμπερι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκρέιτερ Σάντμπερι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Sudbury" title="Gran Sudbury – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Sudbury" title="Granda Sudbury – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Granda Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="سادبری بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سادبری بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Sudbury" title="Grand Sudbury – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC_(%EC%98%A8%ED%83%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EC%A3%BC)" title="서드베리 (온타리오주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서드베리 (온타리오주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Sudbury" title="Granda Sudbury – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Granda Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99" title="גרייטר סדברי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרייטר סדברי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury,_Ontario" title="Greater Sudbury, Ontario – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Greater Sudbury, Ontario" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Sudbury" title="Grand Sudbury – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Grand Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadberis" title="Sadberis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sadberis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جريتر سودبورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريتر سودبورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%89%E3%83%90%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E5%B7%9E)" title="サドバリー (オンタリオ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サドバリー (オンタリオ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DA%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گریٹر سڈبری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریٹر سڈبری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudbury_(Ont%C3%A1rio)" title="Sudbury (Ontário) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sudbury (Ontário)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Грейтер-Садбери – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грейтер-Садбери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Велики Садбери – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велики Садбери" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சட்பறி பெரும்பாகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சட்பறி பெரும்பாகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Грейтер-Садбери – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грейтер-Садбери" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Садбері – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Садбері" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DA%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گریٹر سڈبری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گریٹر سڈبری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Greater Sudbury" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%96%A9%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C" title="大薩德伯里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大薩德伯里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" 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