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navbar-nav"> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> About </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2>CERN</h2> <p>At CERN, we probe the fundamental structure of particles that make up everything around us. We do so using the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments.</p> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/about">Know more</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/about/who-we-are" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5898">Who we are</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-mission" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5273">Our Mission</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5277">Our Governance</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-governance/member-states" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5278">Our Member 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class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191722" id="preview-card" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-01/Amanda%20Metzger_2%20%281%29.jpg?itok=ck8Q17Fu') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-01/Amanda%20Metzger_2%20%281%29.jpg?itok=ck8Q17Fu" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/cern/swiss-artist-amanda-e-metzger-selected-connect-residency"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/news/cern/swiss-artist-amanda-e-metzger-selected-connect-residency" hreflang="en" title="Swiss artist Amanda E. Metzger selected for the Connect residency"> <span> Swiss artist Amanda E. Metzger selected for t... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2025-01-30T13:00:00Z">30 January, 2025</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191421" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202204-064_375.jpg?itok=nP87BzBh') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-12/202204-064_375.jpg?itok=nP87BzBh" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/press-release/physics/cloud-experiment-resolves-puzzle-new-aerosol-particles-upper-troposphere"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/press-release/physics/cloud-experiment-resolves-puzzle-new-aerosol-particles-upper-troposphere" hreflang="en" title="CLOUD experiment resolves puzzle of new aerosol particles in upper troposphere"> <span> CLOUD experiment resolves puzzle of new aeros... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Physics </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-12-04T16:00:10Z">4 December, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191397" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Montclar.jpg?itok=1v3MFmuM') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Montclar.jpg?itok=1v3MFmuM" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/engineering/cern-signs-long-term-solar-power-agreements"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/news/engineering/cern-signs-long-term-solar-power-agreements" hreflang="en" title="CERN signs long-term solar power agreements"> <span> CERN signs long-term solar power agreements </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Engineering </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-29T15:13:12Z">29 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191408" id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Poster%20Formats_FR4_0.jpg?itok=yYzgz9Jw') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Poster%20Formats_FR4_0.jpg?itok=yYzgz9Jw" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/cern/cern-launches-resonance-new-arts-collaboration-republic-and-canton-geneva-and-city"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/news/cern/cern-launches-resonance-new-arts-collaboration-republic-and-canton-geneva-and-city" hreflang="en" title="CERN launches Resonance, a new arts collaboration with the Republic and Canton of Geneva and the City of Geneva"> <span> CERN launches Resonance, a new arts collabora... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-28T09:30:00Z">28 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/news?audience=23">Latest news</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 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Their vision was both to stop the brain drain to America that had begun during the Second World War, and to provide a force for unity in post-war Europe.</p> <p class="text-align-center">Today, CERN unites scientists from around the world in the pursuit of knowledge</p> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="endof-cern-header-blocks"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_background_parallax" data-title="Beginnings"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <h2 class="text-align-center">Science for peace</h2> <p class="text-align-center">CERN’s convention states: “The Organization shall have no concern with work for military requirements and the results of its experimental and theoretical work shall be published or otherwise made generally available.”</p> <p class="text-align-center"> </p> <figure class="cds-video" id="CERN-VIDEO-2014-044-004"><iframe allowfullscreen="true" src="//cds.cern.ch/video/CERN-VIDEO-2014-044-004?showTitle=true"></iframe> <figcaption class="text-align-center">A short history of CERN (Video: CERN)</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation effect_background_parallax" data-title="Timeline"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <iframe frameBorder="0" class="cern-timeline" scrolling="auto" src="https://timeline.web.cern.ch/timeline-header/89/export"></iframe> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluidcenter section-navigation effect_background_rotation" data-title="Early days"> <div class="background-component background__image" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2018-07/visual-vector-2-original-01_0.png') no-repeat center top / cover; height: 100%;"></div> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <h2>What's in a name?</h2> <figure class="cds-image align-right" id="CERN-HI-5307006-1"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HI-5307006-1" title="View on CDS"><img alt src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HI-5307006-1/file?size=medium"></a> <figcaption>The sixth session of the CERN Council took place in Paris, 29 June - 1 July 1953. It was here that the Convention establishing the Organization was signed, subject to ratification, by 12 States.<span> (Image: CERN)</span></figcaption></figure> <p class="column-left image-align">At an intergovernmental meeting of <strong>UNESCO in Paris in December 1951,</strong> the first resolution concerning the establishment of a European Council for Nuclear Research (in French <em>Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire)</em> was adopted.</p> <p class="column-left image-align">Two months later, an agreement was signed establishing the provisional Council – <strong>the acronym CERN was born</strong>.</p> <p class="column-left image-align">This agreement gave the Council 18 months to produce the formal CERN Convention. </p> <p class="column-left image-align">Today, our understanding of matter goes much deeper than the nucleus, and CERN's main area of research is particle physics. Because of this, <strong>the laboratory operated by CERN is often referred to as the European Laboratory for Particle Physics.</strong></p> <p class="column-left image-align"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <h2 class="column-right image-align">And so it begins</h2> <p> </p> <figure class="cds-image align-left" id="CERN-HI-5506002-1"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HI-5506002-1" title="View on CDS"><img alt="CERN50,1952" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-HI-5506002-1/file?size=medium"></a> <figcaption>On 10 June 1955, CERN Director-General, Felix Bloch, laid the foundation stone on the Laboratory site, watched by Max Petitpierre, the President of the Swiss Confederation.<span> (Image: CERN)</span></figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p class="column-right image-align">In June 1953, the final draft of the CERN Convention was agreed upon and signed by 12 new Member States. It laid out the <strong>ways Member States would contribute to CERN's budget, as well as early indications of CERN's ethos and organisation</strong> -- from adopting a policy of <strong>open access</strong>, to CERN's internal structure being divided into Directorates (today, CERN's size means that these Directorates are sub-divided into departments and then, in turn, groups and sections).</p> <p class="column-right image-align">Signing the convention led to a huge swell in momentum, and very quickly staff were hired, architects were brought in and plans were drawn up.<br> <br> <strong>In July 1955, Felix Bloch, CERN's Director-General, laid the first foundation stone</strong>.<br> <br> Since then, CERN has more than fulfilled the early plans of those few optimistic, scientists who dreamt of creating an international laboratory to make great strides in fundamental research and stretch the limits of our technology and imaginations.</p> </div> </div> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation effect_none" data-title="Achievements"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-division topright" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2018-07/5210004-A4-at-144-dpi%20%281%29_0.jpg') no-repeat center center / cover"> <div class="component-division__text" style="background-color:rgba(8,85,160,0.5);"> <div class="component-division__text__link"> <a href="/key-achievements" title="What have we achieved since then?"> <span>What have we achieved since then?</span> </a> </div> <div class="component-division__text__text"> <span><p>Since CERN began in 1954, we have made many significant breakthroughs, both in particle physics (such as our early discovery of neutral currents) and technologies that have helped improve our day-to-day lives (including the World Wide Web). </p></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-division topleft" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2018-07/backgroundimaghistory.png') no-repeat center center / cover"> <div class="component-division__text" style="background-color:rgba(8,85,160,0.5);"> <div class="component-division__text__link"> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-mission" title="What's CERN's mission?"> <span style="color:#FFFFFF">What's CERN's mission?</span> </a> </div> <div class="component-division__text__text"> <span style="color:#FFFFFF"><p>Since CERN began, fundamental physics has been our core business. 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