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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hvordan_systemet_fungerer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hvordan_systemet_fungerer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hvordan systemet fungerer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hvordan_systemet_fungerer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Betydning_for_pengemængden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Betydning_for_pengemængden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Betydning for pengemængden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Betydning_for_pengemængden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kritik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brøkreservebankvæsen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 28 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="نظام الاحتياطي الجزئي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام الاحتياطي الجزئي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="আংশিক তহবিল ব্যাংকিং – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আংশিক তহবিল ব্যাংকিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_de_reserves_fraccionades" title="Banca de reserves fraccionades – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Banca de reserves fraccionades" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankovnictv%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%A1ste%C4%8Dn%C3%BDch_rezerv" title="Bankovnictví částečných rezerv – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bankovnictví částečných rezerv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindestreserve-System" title="Mindestreserve-System – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mindestreserve-System" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Τραπεζικό σύστημα κλασματικών αποθεμάτων – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τραπεζικό σύστημα κλασματικών αποθεμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fractional-reserve banking" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_de_reserva_fraccional" title="Banca de reserva fraccional – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Banca de reserva fraccional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B0%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بانکداری ذخیره کسری – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بانکداری ذخیره کسری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4himm%C3%A4isvarantoj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Vähimmäisvarantojärjestelmä – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vähimmäisvarantojärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_r%C3%A9serves_fractionnaires" title="Système de réserves fractionnaires – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de réserves fractionnaires" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sztartal%C3%A9kol%C3%A1si_bankrendszer" title="Résztartalékolási bankrendszer – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Résztartalékolási bankrendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մասնակի բանկային պահուստավորում – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մասնակի բանկային պահուստավորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadangan_perbankan" title="Cadangan perbankan – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cadangan perbankan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riserva_frazionaria" title="Riserva frazionaria – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riserva frazionaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E6%BA%96%E5%82%99%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="部分準備銀行制度 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="部分準備銀行制度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakcinio_rezervo_bankininkyst%C4%97" title="Frakcinio rezervo bankininkystė – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frakcinio rezervo bankininkystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractioneel_bankieren" title="Fractioneel bankieren – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fractioneel bankieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_Reserve_Banking" title="Fractional Reserve Banking – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fractional Reserve Banking" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_rezerw_cz%C4%85stkowych" title="System rezerw cząstkowych – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System rezerw cząstkowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF" title="فریکشنل ریزرو بینکنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریکشنل ریزرو بینکنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_reserva_fracion%C3%A1ria" title="Sistema de reserva fracionária – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de reserva fracionária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Частичное банковское резервирование – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Частичное банковское резервирование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83" title="Фракционе резерве у банкарству – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фракционе резерве у банкарству" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fractional-reserve banking" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Часткове резервування депозитів – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Часткове резервування депозитів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF" title="فریکشنل ریزرو بینکنگ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریکشنل ریزرو بینکنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%BD%E6%BA%96%E5%82%99%E9%87%91" title="部份準備金 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="部份準備金" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123642#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><p><b>Brøkreserve-bankvæsen</b> (på engelsk <i>fractional-reserve banking</i>) er en bankform, hvor <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banken</a> reserverer sikre likvider (typisk elektroniske kontanter og statsobligationer) svarende til en brøkdel af det samlede beløb for bankens anfordringskonti. Bankvæsen med brøkreserve er i dag standarden for bankvæsen over hele verden. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hvordan_systemet_fungerer">Hvordan systemet fungerer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Hvordan systemet fungerer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Hvordan systemet fungerer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den centrale forretningsmodel i moderne bankvirksomhed går ud på at omdanne likvide kortfristede <a href="/wiki/Indl%C3%A5n" title="Indlån">indlån</a> (ofte <a href="/wiki/Indskud" class="mw-redirect" title="Indskud">indskud</a> på anfordring) til mindre likvide langfristede <a href="/wiki/Udl%C3%A5n" class="mw-redirect" title="Udlån">udlån</a> og <a href="/wiki/Investering" title="Investering">investeringer</a>. Denne transformation af korte indlån til lange udlån er overordentlig nyttig og vigtig for det økonomiske system, men den indebærer også en stor risiko. Det kan nemlig ske, at tilliden til en bank pludselig svigter, og indskyderne derfor løber storm mod banken for at trække deres penge ud. Dermed går banken ned, da den ikke med øjeblikkeligt varsel kan omsætte sine langfristede <a href="/wiki/Aktiv" title="Aktiv">aktiver</a> til <a href="/wiki/Likviditet" title="Likviditet">likvider</a>. I nogle situationer kan det betyde, at selv fornuftigt drevne <a href="/wiki/Solvens" title="Solvens">solvente</a> banker kan gå <a href="/wiki/Fallit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fallit">fallit</a> på grund af likviditetsmangel.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blandt andet under <a href="/wiki/Depressionen" title="Depressionen">depressionen</a> i 1930'erne så man mange eksempler på sådanne stormløb mod banker i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> og andre lande. Erfaringerne har siden ført til, at man i de fleste vestlige lande har indført generelle indskydergarantiordninger, i Danmark således <a href="/wiki/Garantifonden_for_Indskydere_og_Investorer" title="Garantifonden for Indskydere og Investorer">Garantifonden for Indskydere og Investorer</a>. </p><p>Indskydergarantiordninger giver bankerne en vis beskyttelse mod at blive udsat for stormløb, men samtidig skaber det et <a href="/wiki/Moral_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral hazard">moralrisikoproblem</a>: Indskyderne får nemlig formindsket deres incitament til at overvåge, om bankerne investerer pengene ansvarligt. Banker, der er dækket af indskydergarantier, vil derfor naturligt tendere mod at være højere gearede (have lavere reserver) og være mere risikobetonede i deres udlåns- og investeringsaktivitet. </p><p>Gearingsmuligheden gør moderne banker langt mere rentable og giver dem mulighed for at udlåne penge til en langt lavere <a href="/wiki/Rente" title="Rente">rente</a>, end en bank med et 100 pct. reservekrav ville have i dette system. Et brøkreservebankvæsen er således med til at skabe et effektivt finansielt system, men også et finansielt system med stor risiko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Betydning_for_pengemængden"><span id="Betydning_for_pengem.C3.A6ngden"></span>Betydning for pengemængden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Betydning for pengemængden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Betydning for pengemængden"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brøkreservesystemet medfører, at <a href="/wiki/Pengem%C3%A6ngde" title="Pengemængde">pengemængden</a> i et land fortrinsvis skabes af landets forretningsbanker frem for af <a href="/wiki/Centralbank" title="Centralbank">centralbanken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Processen betyder, at penge, som sættes i banken, igen kan lånes ud. De fleste af disse penge havner til sidst på andre bankkonti og kan derefter atter udlånes. Kun en brøkdel af indlånene beholder banken som reserve (deraf navnet). I nogle lande (dog ikke <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>) kræver centralbanken, at forretningsbankerne ligger inde med en reserve svarende til en vis andel af indlånene. Sådan et krav eksisterer eksempelvis i eurolandene.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selvom der ikke er et sådant officielt krav, vil bankerne typisk selv ønske at have en vis reserve i form af likvide midler liggende for at kunne imødekomme de indskydere, der ønsker at hæve deres indskud. Afhængigt af denne reservebrøks størrelse vil den samlede pengemængde i økonomien kunne blive mange gange større end centralbankens egen pengeskabelse (hvilken ofte betegnes som <b>pengebasen</b>). Forholdet mellem pengemængden og pengebasen kaldes ofte <b>pengemultiplikatoren</b> eller <b>kreditmultiplikatoren</b>. </p> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Pengem%C3%A6ngde" title="Pengemængde">Pengemængde</a></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritik">Kritik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Kritik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kritik"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den selvstændige pengeskabelse, der ligger i brøkreservesystemet, medfører, at centralbanken ikke kan kontrollere pengemængden fuldstændigt. Det har ført til forslag om, at man alternativt skulle skabe et bankvæsen, hvor bankernes indlån skulle være dækket 100% af et tilgodehavende (netto) i Nationalbanken. Den kendte økonom <a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> foreslog således et sådant system i bogen <i>100 % Money</i> i 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formålet skulle være at give den amerikanske centralbank et effektivt middel til at standse den <a href="/wiki/Deflation" title="Deflation">deflation</a>, der fandt sted under <a href="/wiki/Depressionen" title="Depressionen">depressionen</a> i 1930'erne. Også <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> har i bogen <i>A Program For Monetary Stability</i> talt for et system med fuld reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efter <a href="/wiki/Finanskrisen_2007-2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Finanskrisen 2007-2010">finanskrisen</a> har kritik af brøkreservesystemet og forslag om at indføre et 100 % reservesystem igen fået opmærksomhed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fordelene ved sådan et system skulle være, at centralbanken fik fuld kontrol over pengemængden, og at ustabiliteten som følge af stormløb mod bankerne ville forsvinde. Til gengæld vil omkostningerne ved forretningsbankernes virksomhed stige, idet bankernes likvide pengereserver traditionelt ikke giver nogen rente. I 2012 konkluderede et arbejdspapir udgivet af <a href="/wiki/Den_Internationale_Valutafond" class="mw-redirect" title="Den Internationale Valutafond">Den Internationale Valutafond</a> ligeledes, at der kunne være flere fordele ved et 100 % reservebanksystem.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Et brøkreservesystem er også blevet kritiseret for at kunne skabe utilsigtet <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>. Det kan ske, hvis pengeskabelsen i forretningsbankerne pludselig stiger uventet. Ifølge <a href="/wiki/Kvantitetsteorien" title="Kvantitetsteorien">kvantitetsteorien</a> vil en stigning i pengemængden medføre en tilsvarende stigning i prisniveauet. På samme måde vil et uventet fald i pengeskabelsen kunne skabe deflation. </p><p>Andre er modstandere af et 100% reservebanksystem. Økonomerne Douglas W. Diamond og Philip H. Dybvig advarer således mod et 100% reservebanksystem.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Begrundelsen er at andre institutioner nødvendigvis må overtage en væsentlig del af bankernes udlån og overtage bankernes rolle som kreditgivere. Det vil være meget vanskeligt at styre kreditgivningen fra disse institutioner med pengepolitiske instrumenter. Omfanget og hyppigheden af kriser vil derfor ifølge Diamond og Dybvig være større under et 100% reservebanksystem.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Pengeskabelse" title="Pengeskabelse">Pengeskabelse</a></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325075301/http://web.econ.ku.dk/eprn_epru/Journal_Articles/FINANSKRISEN%20og%20videnskaben%20Web%20udgave.pdf">"Sørensen, P. B (2011): Finanskrisen og den økonomiske videnskab. Indlæg præsenteret i Videnskabernes Selskab den 28. april 2011. S. 9. Senere offentliggjort i Nationaløkonomisk Tidsskrift, juni 2011, s. 387-401. Hentet 4. december 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.econ.ku.dk/eprn_epru/Journal_Articles/FINANSKRISEN%20og%20videnskaben%20Web%20udgave.pdf">originalen</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> 25. marts 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 4. december 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C3%B8rensen%2C+P.+B+%282011%29%3A+Finanskrisen+og+den+%C3%B8konomiske+videnskab.+Indl%C3%A6g+pr%C3%A6senteret+i+Videnskabernes+Selskab+den+28.+april+2011.+S.+9.+Senere+offentliggjort+i+National%C3%B8konomisk+Tidsskrift%2C+juni+2011%2C+s.+387-401.+Hentet+4.+december+2012.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.econ.ku.dk%2Feprn_epru%2FJournal_Articles%2FFINANSKRISEN%2520og%2520videnskaben%2520Web%2520udgave.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ABr%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Mankiw, N. G. og M. P. Taylor (2008): Macroeconomics, European Edition, kapitel 19. Worth Publishers, New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/implement/mr/html/calc.en.html">ECB: How to calculate the minimum reserve requirements</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fisher-100money.blogspot.fr/">Irving Fisher (1935): 100 % Money.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815031710/https://www.questia.com/read/22831717/a-program-for-monetary-stability">"Friedman, M. (1960): A Program for Monetary Stability. Fordham University Press, New York City"</a>. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.questia.com/read/22831717/a-program-for-monetary-stability">originalen</a> 15. august 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 28. november 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friedman%2C+M.+%281960%29%3A+A+Program+for+Monetary+Stability.+Fordham+University+Press%2C+New+York+City.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F22831717%2Fa-program-for-monetary-stability&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ABr%C3%B8kreservebankv%C3%A6sen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politiken.dk/debat/kroniken/ECE1862354/-hvem-laver-pengene/">Ole Bjerg: Hvem laver pengene? Kronik i Politiken 9. januar 2013. Hentet 11. september 2013.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2012/wp12202.pdf">Jaromir Benes og Michael Kumhof: The Chicago Plan Revisited. IMF Working Paper 12/202. Hentet 11. september 2013.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2352687?uid=3737880&uid=2134&uid=2477334813&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=2477334803&uid=60&purchase-type=article&accessType=none&sid=21103154847073&showMyJstorPss=false&seq=12&showAccess=false">Diamond, Douglas W; Philip H. Dybvig (Jan 1986), "Banking Theory, Deposit Insurance, and Bank Regulation", The Journal of Business 59 (1): 55–68</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">@In conclusion, 100% reserve banking is a dangerous proposal that would do substantial damage to the economy by reducing the overall amount of liquidity. Furthermore, the proposal is likely to be ineffective in increasing stability since it will be impossible to control the institutions that will enter in the vacuum left when banks can no longer create liquidity. 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style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Emner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikro%C3%B8konomi" title="Mikroøkonomi">Mikroøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makro%C3%B8konomi" title="Makroøkonomi">Makroøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhvervs%C3%B8konomi" title="Erhvervsøkonomi">Erhvervsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finansiel_%C3%B8konomi" title="Finansiel økonomi">Finansiel økonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbejdsmarkeds%C3%B8konomi" title="Arbejdsmarkedsøkonomi">Arbejdsmarkedsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_%C3%B8konomi" title="International økonomi">International økonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velf%C3%A6rds%C3%B8konomi" title="Velfærdsøkonomi">Velfærdsøkonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Politisk økonomi">Politisk 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style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Metoder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_model" title="Økonomisk model">Økonomiske modeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">Matematik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistik" title="Statistik">Statistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konometri" title="Økonometri">Økonometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilteori" title="Spilteori">Spilteori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksperiment" title="Eksperiment">Eksperimenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalregnskab" title="Nationalregnskab">Nationalregnskab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operationsanalyse" title="Operationsanalyse">Operationsanalyse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Problemstillinger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konjunktur" title="Konjunktur">Konjunktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbejdsl%C3%B8shed" title="Arbejdsløshed">Arbejdsløshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_v%C3%A6kst" title="Økonomisk vækst">Vækst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficiens" title="Efficiens">Efficiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markedsfejl" title="Markedsfejl">Markedsfejl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indkomstfordeling" title="Indkomstfordeling">Indkomstfordeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflation" title="Deflation">Deflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">Stagflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likviditetsf%C3%A6lde" title="Likviditetsfælde">Likviditetsfælde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offentlig_g%C3%A6ld" title="Offentlig gæld">Offentlig gæld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offentlig_saldo" title="Offentlig saldo">Offentlig saldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finanspolitik" title="Finanspolitik">Finanspolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finanspolitisk_holdbarhed" title="Finanspolitisk holdbarhed">Finanspolitisk holdbarhed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penge" title="Penge">Penge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengem%C3%A6ngde" title="Pengemængde">Pengemængde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengeskabelse" title="Pengeskabelse">Pengeskabelse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengepolitik" title="Pengepolitik">Pengepolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkurrenceevne" title="Konkurrenceevne">Konkurrenceevne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betalingsbalance" title="Betalingsbalance">Betalingsbalance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skat" title="Skat">Skat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finanskrise" title="Finanskrise">Finanskriser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valutapolitik" title="Valutapolitik">Valutapolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_politik" title="Økonomisk politik">Økonomisk politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_ulighed" title="Økonomisk ulighed">Økonomisk ulighed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Specifikke modeller</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keynesianske_kryds" title="Keynesianske kryds">Keynesianske kryds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-LM-modellen" title="IS-LM-modellen">IS-LM-modellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD-AS-modellen" title="AD-AS-modellen">AD-AS-modellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvantitetsteorien" title="Kvantitetsteorien">Kvantitetsteorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillipskurven" title="Phillipskurven">Phillipskurven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_Danish_Aggregate_Model" title="Annual Danish Aggregate Model">ADAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DREAM" title="DREAM">DREAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEIMDAL" title="HEIMDAL">HEIMDAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAKRO_(%C3%B8konomisk_model)" title="MAKRO (økonomisk model)">MAKRO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Teorihistorie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkantilisme" title="Merkantilisme">Merkantilisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fysiokrater" title="Fysiokrater">Fysiokrater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Klassisk økonomi">Klassisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoklassisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Neoklassisk økonomi">Neoklassisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesianisme" title="Keynesianisme">Keynesiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitalkontroversen" title="Kapitalkontroversen">Kapitalkontroversen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarisme" title="Monetarisme">Monetaristisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyklassisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Nyklassisk økonomi">Nyklassisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nykeynesiansk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Nykeynesiansk økonomi">Nykeynesiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream-%C3%B8konomi" title="Mainstream-økonomi">Mainstream</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Heterodoks_%C3%B8konomi" title="Heterodoks økonomi">Heterodoks økonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konofysik" title="Økonofysik">Fysisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme">Georgistisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxistisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Marxistisk økonomi">Marxistisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-keynesiansk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Post-keynesiansk økonomi">Post-keynesiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologisk_%C3%B8konomi" title="Økologisk økonomi">Økologisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_%C3%B8strigske_skole" title="Den østrigske skole">Østrigsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Lister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JEL-klassificering" title="JEL-klassificering">JEL-klassificering af økonomiske emner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbanks_pris_i_%C3%B8konomi" title="Sveriges Riksbanks pris i økonomi">Nobelprisvindere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark-medaljen" title="John Bates Clark-medaljen">John Bates Clark-medaljen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;background-color:#d0f0c0;color:#000000;">Andre emner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; text-align:left/center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenomics" title="Abenomics">Abenomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvantitativ_lempelse" title="Kvantitativ lempelse">Kvantitativ lempelse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elasticitet_(%C3%B8konomi)" title="Elasticitet (økonomi)">Elasticiteter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" 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