Use Public NAT with Compute Engine

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class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Reference </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/nat/docs/resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Resources" track-name="resources" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Resources" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Resources </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" > </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/tech-area-overviews" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Technology areas" track-name="technology-areas" track-link-column-type="single-column" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" 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Related sites" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Related sites </span> </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Related sites" track-name="related-sites" track-link-column-type="single-column" > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip menu="Related sites"> More </span> <span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="forward" menu="Related sites"> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="//console.cloud.google.com/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " track-name="console" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="nav" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" track-metadata-position="nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Console </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/contact" class="cta-button-secondary button" data-overflow-container="left" track-metadata-eventDetail="nav" track-name="sales" data-overflow-wrapper="tab" track-type="contact" track-metadata-position="nav" data-overflow="devsite-tabs-wrapper" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Contact Us" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Contact Us </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="//console.cloud.google.com/freetrial" class="cloud-free-trial-button cta-button-primary button-primary button cloud-button cloud-button--primary" track-name="gcpCta" track-metadata-position="nav" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" data-overflow="devsite-top-logo-row" data-overflow-container="right" track-type="freeTrial" track-metadata-eventDetail="nav" data-overflow-class="devsite-header-link devsite-top-button button cloud-free-trial-button cloud-free-trial-enabled cloud-button cloud-button--primary" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Start free" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Start free </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Discover</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Product overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/nat-product-interactions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/nat-product-interactions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/nat-product-interactions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloud NAT product interactions</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/gce-example" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/gce-example" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/gce-example" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Public NAT with Compute Engine</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/gke-example" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/gke-example" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/gke-example" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Public NAT with GKE</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure Cloud NAT</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/ports-and-addresses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/ports-and-addresses" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/ports-and-addresses" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>IP addresses and ports</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure Public NAT</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/public-nat" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/public-nat" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/public-nat" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/set-up-manage-network-address-translation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/set-up-manage-network-address-translation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/set-up-manage-network-address-translation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up Public NAT</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Cloud NAT rules</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/nat-rules-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/nat-rules-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/nat-rules-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/using-nat-rules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/using-nat-rules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/using-nat-rules" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure Cloud NAT rules</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure Private NAT</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/private-nat" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/private-nat" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/private-nat" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Private NAT</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Private NAT types</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/about-private-nat-for-ncc" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/about-private-nat-for-ncc" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/about-private-nat-for-ncc" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Private NAT for Network Connectivity Center</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/about-hybrid-nat" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/about-hybrid-nat" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/about-hybrid-nat" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Hybrid NAT</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/set-up-private-nat" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/set-up-private-nat" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/set-up-private-nat" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up Private NAT</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/tune-nat-configuration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/tune-nat-configuration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/tune-nat-configuration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Tune NAT configuration</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Control access</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/org-policy-constraints" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/org-policy-constraints" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/org-policy-constraints" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Organization policy constraints</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/custom-constraints" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/custom-constraints" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/custom-constraints" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Custom organization policies</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Logs and metrics</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/audit-logging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/audit-logging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/audit-logging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Audit logging information</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/nat/docs/troubleshooting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /nat/docs/troubleshooting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/nat/docs/troubleshooting" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot configuration</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Technology areas" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/ai-ml" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AI and ML" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > AI and ML </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/application-development" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Application development" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Application development </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/application-hosting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Application hosting" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Application hosting </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/compute-area" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom 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categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix devsite-no-page-title"> <h1 id="use-public-nat-with-compute-engine" data-text="Use Public NAT with Compute Engine" tabindex="-1">Use Public NAT with Compute Engine</h1> <p>This page shows a demonstration of a Public NAT gateway that provides network address translation services for a Compute Engine VM instance. Before you begin, read the <a href="/nat/docs/public-nat">Public NAT overview</a>.</p> <h2 id="prerequisites" data-text="Prerequisites" tabindex="-1">Prerequisites</h2> <p>You need to do the following before setting up Public NAT.</p> <h3 id="iam-perms" data-text="Get IAM permissions" tabindex="-1">Get IAM permissions</h3> <p>The <a href="/iam/docs/understanding-roles#compute-engine-roles">roles/compute.networkAdmin</a> role gives you permissions to create a NAT gateway on Cloud Router, reserve and assign NAT IP addresses, and specify subnetworks (subnets) whose traffic should use network address translation by the NAT gateway.</p> <h3 id="set-up" data-text="Set up Google Cloud" tabindex="-1">Set up Google Cloud</h3> <p>Before you get started, set up the following items in Google Cloud.</p> <ol> <cloudx-free-trial-eligible-content> <slot slot="eligible"> <li> Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, <a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial" target="console" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="createAnAccount" track-metadata-position="prereqs" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial" track-metadata-link-destination="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial"> create an account</a> to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads. </li> <li> <p>In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.</p> <aside class="note"><b>Note</b>: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.</aside> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/projectselector2/home/dashboard" target="console" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-end-goal="createProject" class="button button-primary">Go to project selector</a></p> </li> <li> <p> <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/verify-billing-enabled#confirm_billing_is_enabled_on_a_project" target="_blank" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="supportLink" track-metadata-end-goal="enableBilling" >Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project</a>. </p> </li> <li> <a href="/sdk/docs/install" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">Install</a> the Google Cloud CLI. </li> <li> <p> To <a href="/sdk/docs/initializing" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">initialize</a> the gcloud CLI, run the following command: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Bash">gcloud<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>init</pre></devsite-code> </li> </slot> <slot slot="ineligible"> <li> <p>In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.</p> <aside class="note"><b>Note</b>: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.</aside> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/projectselector2/home/dashboard" target="console" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-end-goal="createProject" class="button button-primary">Go to project selector</a></p> </li> <li> <p> <a href="/billing/docs/how-to/verify-billing-enabled#confirm_billing_is_enabled_on_a_project" target="_blank" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="supportLink" track-metadata-end-goal="enableBilling" >Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project</a>. </p> </li> <li> <a href="/sdk/docs/install" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">Install</a> the Google Cloud CLI. </li> <li> <p> To <a href="/sdk/docs/initializing" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="sdkLink" target="_blank">initialize</a> the gcloud CLI, run the following command: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Bash">gcloud<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>init</pre></devsite-code> </li> </slot> </cloudx-free-trial-eligible-content> </ol> <aside class="note"> <p><b>Note:</b></p> <p>The Google Cloud CLI instructions on this page assume that you have set your project ID before issuing commands. You can set a project ID with the following command:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud config set project <var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var> </pre></devsite-code> <p>You can also view a project ID that is already set:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud config list --format='text(core.project)' </pre></devsite-code> </aside> <h2 id="gce-setup" data-text="Example" tabindex="-1">Example</h2> <p>The following is an end-to-end example that demonstrates a sample Public NAT gateway and a sample Compute Engine VM that uses the Public NAT gateway.</p> <h3 id="create-vpc-network" data-text="Step 1: Create a VPC network and subnet" tabindex="-1">Step 1: Create a VPC network and subnet</h3> <p>If you already have a network and subnet, you can skip this step.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>VPC networks</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/networking/networks/list" target="console" class="button button-primary">Go to the VPC networks page</a> </p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Create VPC network</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Enter a <strong>Name</strong> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr">custom-network1</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Under <strong>Subnets</strong>, set <strong>Subnet creation mode</strong> to <strong>Custom</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Under <strong>New subnet</strong>, enter a <strong>Name</strong> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr">subnet-us-east-192</code>.</p></li> <li><p>In <strong>Region</strong>, select <strong>us-east4</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Enter an <strong>IP address range</strong> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr">192.168.1.0/24</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Done</strong>, and then click <strong>Create</strong>.</p></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><ol> <li><p>Create a new custom mode VPC network in your project:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute networks create custom-network1 \ --subnet-mode custom</pre></devsite-code></li> <li><p>Specify the subnet prefix for your first region. In this example, we assign <code translate="no" dir="ltr">192.168.1.0/24</code> to region <code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-east4</code>.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute networks subnets create subnet-us-east-192 \ --network custom-network1 \ --region us-east4 \ --range 192.168.1.0/24</pre></devsite-code></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="terraform" data-text="Terraform" tabindex="-1">Terraform</h3><p>You can use a <a href="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-network">Terraform module</a> to create a custom Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network and subnet.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <div></div><devsite-code><pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="devsite-click-to-copy" track-metadata-position="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf/HEAD/vpc_network_nat_gce" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-includecode-link="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" feedback-context="{"language": "terraform", "region_tag": "vpc_network_nat_gce", "snippet_file_url": "https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf"}" feedback-product="1634365" feedback-bucket="infraops" language="terraform" data-github-path="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="vpc_network_nat_gce" dir="ltr" is-upgraded><code translate="no" dir="ltr">module "test-vpc-module" { source = "terraform-google-modules/network/google" version = "~> 9.0" project_id = var.project_id # Replace this with your project ID in quotes network_name = "custom-network1" mtu = 1460 subnets = [ { subnet_name = "subnet-us-east-192" subnet_ip = "192.168.1.0/24" subnet_region = "us-east4" } ] }</code></pre></devsite-code> </div> </section> </div> <h3 id="create-vm-instance" data-text="Step 2: Create a VM instance with no external IP address" tabindex="-1">Step 2: Create a VM instance with no external IP address</h3> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_1" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>VM instances</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewInstance" class="button button-primary">Go to the VM instances page</a> </p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Create instance</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Specify a <strong>Name</strong> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code> for your instance.</p></li> <li><p>Set the <strong>Region</strong> to <strong>us-east4</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Set the <strong>Zone</strong> to <strong>us-east4-c</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Click the <strong>Management, security, disks, networking, sole tenancy</strong> link.</p></li> <li><p>Click the <strong>Networking</strong> tab.</p></li> <li><p>Under <strong>Network interfaces</strong>, click <span class="material-icons" aria-hidden="true" translate="no">edit</span><strong>Edit</strong> for the VM's default interface.</p> <ol> <li>Set the <strong>Network</strong> to <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr">custom-network1</code></strong>.</li> <li>Set the <strong>Subnetwork</strong> to <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr">subnet-us-east-192</code></strong>.</li> <li>Set <strong>External IP</strong> to <strong>None</strong>.</li> <li>Click <strong>Done</strong>.</li> </ol></li> <li><p>To create and start the instance, click <strong>Create</strong>.</p></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_1" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute instances create nat-test-1 \ --image-family debian-9 \ --image-project debian-cloud \ --network custom-network1 \ --subnet subnet-us-east-192 \ --zone us-east4-c \ --no-address</pre></devsite-code></section> <section><h3 id="terraform_1" data-text="Terraform" tabindex="-1">Terraform</h3><p>You can use a <a href="https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/google/latest/docs/resources/compute_instance">Terraform resource</a> to create a VM instance.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <div></div><devsite-code><pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="devsite-click-to-copy" track-metadata-position="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf/HEAD/compute_vm_nat_gce" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-includecode-link="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" feedback-context="{"language": "terraform", "region_tag": "vpc_network_nat_gce", "snippet_file_url": "https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf"}" feedback-product="1634365" feedback-bucket="infraops" language="terraform" data-github-path="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="compute_vm_nat_gce" dir="ltr" is-upgraded><code translate="no" dir="ltr">resource "google_compute_instance" "default" { project = var.project_id zone = "us-east4-c" name = "nat-test-1" machine_type = "e2-medium" boot_disk { initialize_params { image = "debian-cloud/debian-9" } } network_interface { network = "custom-network1" subnetwork = var.subnet # Replace with a reference or self link to your subnet, in quotes } }</code></pre></devsite-code> </div> </section> </div> <h3 id="create-firewall-rule" data-text="Step 3: Create a firewall rule that allows SSH connections" tabindex="-1">Step 3: Create a firewall rule that allows SSH connections</h3> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_2" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>Firewall policies</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/net-security/firewall-manager/firewall-policies/list" target="console" class="button button-primary">Go to the Firewall policies page</a> </p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Create firewall rule</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Enter a <strong>Name</strong> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr">allow-ssh</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Specify a <strong>Network</strong> of <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr">custom-network1</code></strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Set <strong>Direction of traffic</strong> to <strong>Ingress</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Set <strong>Action on match</strong> to <strong>Allow</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Set <strong>Targets</strong> to <strong>All instances in the network</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Set <strong>Source filter</strong> to <strong>IPv4 ranges</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Set <strong>Source IP ranges</strong> to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">35.235.240.0/20</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Set <strong>Protocols and ports</strong> to <strong>Specified protocols and ports</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Select the <strong>tcp</strong> checkbox and enter port <code translate="no" dir="ltr">22</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Create</strong>.</p></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_2" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute firewall-rules create allow-ssh \ --network custom-network1 \ --source-ranges 35.235.240.0/20 \ --allow tcp:22</pre></devsite-code></section> <section><h3 id="terraform_2" data-text="Terraform" tabindex="-1">Terraform</h3><p>You can use a <a href="https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/google/latest/docs/resources/compute_firewall">Terraform resource</a> to create a firewall rule.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <div></div><devsite-code><pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="devsite-click-to-copy" track-metadata-position="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf/HEAD/vpc_firewall_nat_gce" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-includecode-link="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" feedback-context="{"language": "terraform", "region_tag": "vpc_network_nat_gce", "snippet_file_url": "https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf"}" feedback-product="1634365" feedback-bucket="infraops" language="terraform" data-github-path="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="vpc_firewall_nat_gce" dir="ltr" is-upgraded><code translate="no" dir="ltr">resource "google_compute_firewall" "rules" { project = var.project_id name = "allow-ssh" network = var.network # Replace with a reference or self link to your network, in quotes allow { protocol = "tcp" ports = ["22"] } source_ranges = ["35.235.240.0/20"] }</code></pre></devsite-code> </div> </section> </div> <h3 id="create-iap-ssh-perms" data-text="Step 4: Create IAP SSH permissions for your test instance" tabindex="-1">Step 4: Create IAP SSH permissions for your test instance</h3> <p>In a later step, use Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) to connect to your test instance.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_3" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>Identity-Aware Proxy</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/security/iap" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewInstance" class="button button-primary">Go to the Identity-Aware Proxy page</a> </p></li> <li><p>Select the <strong>SSH and TCP resources</strong> tab.</p></li> <li><p>To update member permissions on resources, select the checkbox next to <strong>All Tunnel Resources > us-east4-c > nat-test-1</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>In the right pane, click <strong>Add member</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>To grant users, groups, or service accounts access to the resources, in the <strong>New members</strong> field, specify their email addresses.</p> <p>If you are just testing this feature, you can enter your own email address.</p></li> <li><p>To grant the members access to the resources through Cloud IAP's TCP forwarding feature, in the <strong>Role</strong> drop-down list, select <strong>Cloud IAP > IAP-secured Tunnel User</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Save</strong>.</p></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_3" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><p>This command grants SSH access by using IAP to all VM instances in your project. If you want to grant SSH access by using IAP to an individual VM, use the Google Cloud console instructions.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding <var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var> \ --member=<var translate="no">MEMBER_INFO</var> \ --role=roles/iap.tunnelResourceAccessor</pre></devsite-code> <p>Replace the following:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></code>: your project ID</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">MEMBER_INFO</var></code>: a comma-separated list of member <code translate="no" dir="ltr">type:email</code> pairs. Examples: <ul> <li>For an individual user: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">user:test-user@example.com</code></li> <li>For a group: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">group:admins@example.com</code></li> <li>For a service account: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">serviceAccount:test123@example.domain.com</code></li> </ul></li> </ul></section> <section><h3 id="terraform_3" data-text="Terraform" tabindex="-1">Terraform</h3><p>You can use a <a href="https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/google/latest/docs/resources/google_project_iam">Terraform resource</a> to create IAP SSH permissions for your test instance.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <div></div><devsite-code><pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="devsite-click-to-copy" track-metadata-position="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf/HEAD/iam_nat_iap_gce" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-includecode-link="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" feedback-context="{"language": "terraform", "region_tag": "vpc_network_nat_gce", "snippet_file_url": "https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf"}" feedback-product="1634365" feedback-bucket="infraops" language="terraform" data-github-path="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="iam_nat_iap_gce" dir="ltr" is-upgraded><code translate="no" dir="ltr">resource "google_project_iam_member" "project" { project = var.project_id role = "roles/iap.tunnelResourceAccessor" member = "serviceAccount:test123@example.domain.com" }</code></pre></devsite-code> </div> </section> </div> <h3 id="confirm-no-internet" data-text="Step 5: Log in to nat-test-1 and confirm that it cannot reach the internet" tabindex="-1">Step 5: Log in to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code> and confirm that it cannot reach the internet</h3> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_4" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>VM instances</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewInstance" class="button button-primary">Go to the VM instances page</a> </p></li> <li><p>For <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code>, in the <strong>Connect</strong> column, click the <strong>SSH</strong> drop-down arrow, and then select <strong>Open in browser window</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>At the command prompt of the VM, enter <code translate="no" dir="ltr">curl example.com</code> and then press Enter.</p> <p>You should get no result. If you do, you might have created <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code> with an external IP address, or there might be some other problem. To troubleshoot, see <a href="/nat/docs/troubleshooting#internet-wo-nat">VMs can reach the internet unexpectedly without Cloud NAT</a>.</p> <p>To end the command, you might have to enter <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Ctrl+C</code>.</p></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_4" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><ol> <li><p>Add a Compute Engine SSH key to your local host:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> ssh-add ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine </pre></devsite-code></li> <li><p>Connect to <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code></strong> and run a command:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute ssh nat-test-1 \ --zone us-east4-c \ --command "curl example.com" \ --tunnel-through-iap</pre></devsite-code> <p>You should get no result. If you do, you might have created <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code> with an external IP address, or there might be some other problem. To troubleshoot, see <a href="/nat/docs/troubleshooting#internet-wo-nat">VMs can reach the internet unexpectedly without Cloud NAT</a>.</p> <p>To end the command, you might have to enter <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Ctrl+C</code>.</p></li> </ol></section> </div> <h3 id="create-nat" data-text="Step 6: Create a NAT configuration using Cloud Router" tabindex="-1">Step 6: Create a NAT configuration using Cloud Router</h3> <p>You must create the Cloud Router in the same region as the instances that use Public NAT. Cloud Router is only used to place NAT information onto the VMs. It is not used as part of the actual NAT gateway.</p> <p>This configuration allows all instances in the region to use Public NAT for all primary and <a href="/vpc/docs/alias-ip">alias IP ranges</a>. It also automatically allocates the external IP addresses for the NAT gateway. For more options, see the <a href="/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/routers">Google Cloud CLI</a> documentation.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Public NAT uses Cloud Router only to group NAT configuration information (control plane). Public NAT does not direct a Cloud Router to use BGP or to add routes. NAT traffic <em>does not pass through</em> a Cloud Router (data plane).</span></aside><div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_5" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>Cloud NAT</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/net-services/nat/list" target="console" track-type="howTo" track-name="consoleLink" class="button button-primary">Go to the Cloud NAT page</a> </p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Get started</strong> or <strong>Create NAT gateway</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Enter a <strong>Gateway name</strong> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-config</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Set the <strong>VPC network</strong> to <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr">custom-network1</code></strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Set the <strong>Region</strong> to <strong>us-east4</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Under <strong>Cloud Router</strong>, select <strong>Create new router</strong>.</p> <ol> <li>Enter a <strong>Name</strong> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-router</code>.</li> <li>Click <strong>Create</strong>.</li> </ol></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Create</strong>.</p></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_5" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><ol> <li><p>Create a Cloud Router:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute routers create nat-router \ --network custom-network1 \ --region us-east4</pre></devsite-code></li> <li><p>Add a configuration to the router:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute routers nats create nat-config \ --router-region us-east4 \ --router nat-router \ --nat-all-subnet-ip-ranges \ --auto-allocate-nat-external-ips</pre></devsite-code></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="terraform_4" data-text="Terraform" tabindex="-1">Terraform</h3><p>You can use a <a href="https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/google/latest/docs/resources/compute_router">Terraform resource</a> to create a Cloud Router.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <div></div><devsite-code><pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="devsite-click-to-copy" track-metadata-position="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf/HEAD/cloudnat_router_nat_gce" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-includecode-link="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" feedback-context="{"language": "terraform", "region_tag": "vpc_network_nat_gce", "snippet_file_url": "https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf"}" feedback-product="1634365" feedback-bucket="infraops" language="terraform" data-github-path="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="cloudnat_router_nat_gce" dir="ltr" is-upgraded><code translate="no" dir="ltr">resource "google_compute_router" "router" { project = var.project_id name = "nat-router" network = var.network region = "us-east4" }</code></pre></devsite-code> </div> <p>You can use a <a href="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat">Terraform module</a> to create a NAT configuration.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <div></div><devsite-code><pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="devsite-click-to-copy" track-metadata-position="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf/HEAD/cloudnat_nat_gce" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-includecode-link="https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" feedback-context="{"language": "terraform", "region_tag": "vpc_network_nat_gce", "snippet_file_url": "https://github.com/terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/blob/HEAD/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf"}" feedback-product="1634365" feedback-bucket="infraops" language="terraform" data-github-path="terraform-google-modules/terraform-google-cloud-nat/examples/nat_with_compute_engine/main.tf" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="cloudnat_nat_gce" dir="ltr" is-upgraded><code translate="no" dir="ltr">module "cloud-nat" { source = "terraform-google-modules/cloud-nat/google" version = "~> 5.0" project_id = var.project_id region = "us-east4" router = google_compute_router.router.name name = "nat-config" source_subnetwork_ip_ranges_to_nat = "ALL_SUBNETWORKS_ALL_IP_RANGES" }</code></pre></devsite-code> </div> </section> </div> <h3 id="connect-internet" data-text="Step 7: Attempt to connect to the internet again" tabindex="-1">Step 7: Attempt to connect to the internet again</h3> <p>It might take up to three minutes for the NAT configuration to propagate to the VM, so wait at least a minute before trying to access the internet again.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section><h3 id="console_6" data-text=" Console " tabindex="-1"> Console </h3><ol> <li><p>In the Google Cloud console, go to the <strong>VM instances</strong> page.</p> <p><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/compute/instances" target="console" track-type="tasks" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" track-metadata-end-goal="viewInstance" class="button button-primary">Go to the VM instances page</a> </p></li> <li><p>For <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code>, in the <strong>Connect</strong> column, click the <strong>SSH</strong> drop-down arrow, and then select <strong>Open in browser window</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>At the command prompt of the VM, enter <code translate="no" dir="ltr">curl example.com</code> and then press Enter.</p></li> </ol></section> <section><h3 id="gcloud_6" data-text=" gcloud " tabindex="-1"> gcloud </h3><p>Connect to <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr">nat-test-1</code></strong> and run a command:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> gcloud compute ssh nat-test-1 \ --zone us-east4-c \ --command "curl example.com" \ --tunnel-through-iap </pre></devsite-code></section> </div> <p>You should see output that contains the following content:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> <!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>Example Domain</title> ... ... ... </head> <body> <div> <h1>Example Domain</h1> <p>This domain is established to be used for illustrative examples in documents. You can use this domain in examples without prior coordination or asking for permission.</p> <p><a href="http://www.iana.org/domains/example">More information...</a></p> </div> </body> </html> </pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="whats_next" data-text="What's next" tabindex="-1">What's next</h2> <ul> <li>Set up a <a href="/nat/docs/set-up-network-address-translation">Public NAT</a> gateway.</li> <li>Create an <a href="/nat/docs/gke-example">example Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) setup</a>.</li> </ul> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="mwETRvWii0eU5NUYprb0Y9z5GVbc" listnr-id="83405"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Cloud NAT" product-id="5073147" bucket="documentation" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20241114-r00-rc02.464922260396498922" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" class="nocontent" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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