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id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ศัพทมูลวิทยา" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ศัพทมูลวิทยา"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ศัพทมูลวิทยา</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ศัพทมูลวิทยา-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ผู้นำสูงสุด" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ผู้นำสูงสุด"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ผู้นำสูงสุด</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ผู้นำสูงสุด-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 88 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Totalitarisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismus" title="Totalitarismus – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Totalitarismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%8D%81%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%A0%E1%89%85%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%AD" title="ፍፁም ጠቅላይ – อัมฮารา" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፍፁም ጠቅላይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="อัมฮารา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الشمولية – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشمولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الانظمه الشموليه – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الانظمه الشموليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismu" title="Totalitarismu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Totalitarismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizm" title="Totalitarizm – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Totalitarizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85" title="توتالیتاریزیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توتالیتاریزیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таталітарызм – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Таталітарызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таталітарызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Таталітарызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризъм – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тоталитаризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="একচ্ছত্রবাদ – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একচ্ছত্রবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollveliouriezh" title="Hollveliouriezh – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hollveliouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizam" title="Totalitarizam – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Totalitarizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Totalitarisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="تەواوخوازی – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەواوخوازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismus" title="Totalitarismus – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Totalitarismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тоталитаризм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitariaeth" title="Totalitariaeth – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Totalitariaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Totalitarisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismus" title="Totalitarismus – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Totalitarismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ολοκληρωτισμός – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ολοκληρωτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Totalitarianism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalismo" title="Totalismo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Totalismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Totalitarismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Totalitarism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Totalitarismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C" title="تمامیت‌خواهی – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تمامیت‌خواهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismi" title="Totalitarismi – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Totalitarismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Totalitarisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Totalitarismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="טוטליטריזם – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוטליטריזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="सर्वसत्तावाद – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सर्वसत्तावाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizam" title="Totalitarizam – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Totalitarizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianizmus" title="Totalitarianizmus – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Totalitarianizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ամբողջատիրություն – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամբողջատիրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Totalitarismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totaliterisme" title="Totaliterisme – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Totaliterisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Alræði – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Totalitarismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="全体主義 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="全体主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტოტალიტარიზმი – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოტალიტარიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тоталитаризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="전체주의 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전체주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм – โกมิ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тоталитаризм" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="โกมิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тоталитаризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismus" title="Totalitarismus – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Totalitarismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism – ลอมบาร์ด" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Totalitarism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ลอมบาร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizmas" title="Totalitarizmas – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Totalitarizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalit%C4%81risms" title="Totalitārisms – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Totalitārisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризам – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тоталитаризам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм – มองโกเลีย" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тоталитаризм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="มองโกเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="सर्वंकषवाद – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सर्वंकषवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianisme" title="Totalitarianisme – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Totalitarianisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အကြွင်းမဲ့ အာဏာရှင် စနစ် – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အကြွင်းမဲ့ အာဏာရှင် စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="توتالیتاریسم – มาซันดารานี" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="توتالیتاریسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="มาซันดารานี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Totalitarisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Totalitarisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Totalitarisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸਰਬ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਵਾਦ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਰਬ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitaryzm" title="Totalitaryzm – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Totalitaryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%90%D9%BC%D8%B1" title="ټوټالېټر – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټوټالېټر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Totalitarismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Totalitarism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тоталитаризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutalitarismu" title="Tutalitarismu – ซิซิลี" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tutalitarismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ซิซิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="مطلق آمريت – สินธิ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مطلق آمريت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="สินธิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizam" title="Totalitarizam – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Totalitarizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Totalitarianism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizmus" title="Totalitarizmus – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Totalitarizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizem" title="Totalitarizem – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Totalitarizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizmi" title="Totalitarizmi – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Totalitarizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризам – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тоталитаризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Totalitarism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarysm" title="Totalitarysm – ไซลีเซีย" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Totalitarysm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="ไซลีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%85%D0%BE%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Тамомиятхоҳӣ – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тамомиятхоҳӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Totalitarismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizm" title="Totalitarizm – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Totalitarizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталитаризм – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тоталитаризм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тоталітаризм – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тоталітаризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%85%DB%81_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ہمہ گیریت – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہمہ گیریت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarizm" title="Totalitarizm – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Totalitarizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_to%C3%A0n_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Chủ nghĩa toàn trị – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa toàn trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="极权主义 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="极权主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტოტალიტარიზმი – เมเกรเลีย" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტოტალიტარიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="เมเกรเลีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E6%AC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="極權主義 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="極權主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%C3%A2n-th%C3%A9-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Choân-thé-chú-gī – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Choân-thé-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E6%AC%8A" title="極權 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="極權" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&oldid=11915357" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&id=11915357&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2588"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2588"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Totalitarianism" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128135" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Historical_totalitarian_leaders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Historical_totalitarian_leaders.jpg/300px-Historical_totalitarian_leaders.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Historical_totalitarian_leaders.jpg/450px-Historical_totalitarian_leaders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Historical_totalitarian_leaders.jpg/600px-Historical_totalitarian_leaders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption>จากซ้ายไปขวา บนลงล่าง: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="โจเซฟ สตาลิน">โจเซฟ สตาลิน</a> อดีต<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="เลขาธิการพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งสหภาพโซเวียต">เลขาธิการ</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งสหภาพโซเวียต">พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์</a>แห่ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="สหภาพโซเวียต">สหภาพโซเวียต</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์">อดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์</a> อดีต <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟือเรอร์">ฟือเรอร์</a></i> แห่ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="นาซีเยอรมัน">เยอรมัน</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87" title="เหมา เจ๋อตง">เหมา เจ๋อตง</a> อดีต<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ประธานพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประธาน</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งประเทศจีน">พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์</a>แห่ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศจีน">ประเทศจีน</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="เบนิโต มุสโสลินี">เบนิโต มุสโสลินี</a> อดีต <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อิลดูเช (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดูเช</a></i> แห่ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5_(%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1922%E2%80%931943)" title="ฟาสซิสต์อิตาลี (ค.ศ. 1922–1943)">อิตาลี</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5-%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="คิม อิล-ซ็อง">คิม อิล-ซ็อง</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5-%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="คิม อิล-ซ็อง">ประธานาธิบดีตลอดกาล</a>แห่ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ">ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9909451">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="รายชื่อประเทศตามระบอบการปกครอง">รายชื่อประเทศตามระบอบการปกครอง</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;">บ่อเกิดอำนาจ</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9909451"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2" title="ประชาธิปไตย">ประชาธิปไตย</a><br /><small><i>อำนาจของคนส่วนใหญ่</i></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81" title="การจับสลาก">การจับสลาก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="ประชาธิปไตยโดยตรง">โดยตรง</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ประชาธิปไตยแบบสังคมนิยม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แบบสังคมนิยม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99" title="ประชาธิปไตยแบบมีผู้แทน">มีผู้แทน</a></li> <li><a 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solid;">อุดมการณ์อำนาจ</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9909451"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="กษัตริย์นิยม">กษัตริย์นิยม</a> กับ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สาธารณรัฐนิยม">สาธารณรัฐนิยม</a><br /><small><i>อุดมการณ์ทางสังคมการเมือง</i></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a 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title="คตินิยมการกระจาย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คตินิยมการกระจาย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ระบบเจ้าขุนมูลนาย">ระบบเจ้าขุนมูลนาย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="ระบบใช้อำนาจเด็ดขาด">ระบบใช้อำนาจเด็ดขาด</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์">ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" 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href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="แม่แบบ:ระบอบการปกครอง"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:ระบอบการปกครอง"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:ระบอบการปกครอง"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">totalitarianism</span>) เป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ระบบการเมือง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ระบบการเมือง</a>ที่รัฐถืออำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จเหนือสังคมและมุ่งควบคุมทุกแง่มุมของชีวิตสาธารณะและชีวิตส่วนตัวตามที่เห็นจำเป็น<sup id="cite_ref-reflections2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reflections2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>มโนทัศน์ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จพัฒนาขึ้นครั้งแรกในความหมายเชิงบวกในคริสต์ทศวรรษ 1920 โดยฟาสซิสต์อิตาลี มโนทัศน์ดังกล่าวกลายมาโดดเด่นในวจนิพนธ์การเมืองต่อต้านคอมมิวนิสต์ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="โลกตะวันตก">ตะวันตก</a>ระหว่าง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99" title="สงครามเย็น">สงครามเย็น</a> เพื่อเน้นความคล้ายที่รับรู้ระหว่าง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="นาซีเยอรมนี">นาซีเยอรมนี</a>และระบอบ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ฟาสซิสต์">ฟาสซิสต์</a>อื่นด้านหนึ่ง กับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="คอมมิวนิสต์">คอมมิวนิสต์</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="สหภาพโซเวียต">โซเวียต</a>อีกด้านหนึ่ง<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ศัพทมูลวิทยา"><span id=".E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2"></span>ศัพทมูลวิทยา</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ศัพทมูลวิทยา"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ความคิด "ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จ" อำนาจทางการเมือง "เบ็ดเสร็จ" โดยรัฐเกิดขึ้นใน ค.ศ. 1923 โดย จีโอวันนี อาเมนโดลา ผู้อธิบายฟาสซิสต์อิตาลีว่าเป็นระบบที่แก่นแตกต่างจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="เผด็จการ">เผด็จการ</a>ตามปกติ<sup id="cite_ref-regime_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regime-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ภายหลังคำนี้ถูกให้ความหมายบวกในงานเขียนของจีโอวันนี เจนตีเล นักปรัชญาที่โดดเด่นที่สุดของอิตาลีและนักทฤษฎีฟาสซิสต์ชั้นแนวหน้า เขาใช้คำว่า "totalitario" หมายถึง <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="โครงสร้าง">โครงสร้าง</a>และเป้าหมายของรัฐใหม่ รัฐใหม่มีเพื่อ "การเป็นผู้แทนอย่างสมบูรณ์ของชาติ และคำแนะนำเป้าหมายแห่งชาติเบ็ดเสร็จ"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เขาอธิบายว่า ระบบรวบอำนาจเบ็ดเสร็จเป็นอุดมการณ์ที่รัฐอยู่เหนือพลเมืองส่วนใหญ่ของตน ถ้าไม่ใช่ในทางอำนาจแล้ว ก็ในทางอิทธิพล<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="เบนิโต มุสโสลินี">เบนิโต มุสโสลินี</a>กล่าวว่า ระบบนี้ใส่ความเป็นการเมืองแก่ทุกสิ่งที่เป็นจิตวิญญาณและเป็นมนุษย์ </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11715920">.mw-parser-output .templatequote p{text-indent:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px;border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>ทุกอย่างอยู่ภายใต้รัฐ ไม่มีสิ่งใดอยู่นอกเหนือรัฐ ไม่มีสิ่งใดขัดขวางรัฐได้<sup id="cite_ref-regime_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regime-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ผู้นำสูงสุด"><span id=".E0.B8.9C.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B3.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.94"></span>ผู้นำสูงสุด</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ผู้นำสูงสุด"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84" title="อะเลคซันดร์ คอลชัค">อะเลคซันดร์ คอลชัค</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ผู้ปกครองสูงสุดแห่งรัสเซีย">ผู้ปกครองสูงสุด</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1918%E2%80%931920)" title="รัฐรัสเซีย (ค.ศ. 1918–1920)">รัสเซีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์">อดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟือเรอร์">ฟือเรอร์</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="นาซีเยอรมนี">เยอรมนี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="เบนิโต มุสโสลินี">เบนิโต มุสโสลินี</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อิลดูเช (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดูเช</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-disambig" title="ฟาสซิสต์อิตาลี">อิตาลี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="จักรพรรดิโชวะ">จักรพรรดิฮิโระฮิโตะ</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="เท็นโน">เท็นโน</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิญี่ปุ่น">ญี่ปุ่น</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="โจเซฟ สตาลิน">โจเซฟ สตาลิน</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vozhd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vozhd (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Vozhd</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="สหภาพโซเวียต">สหภาพโซเวียต</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="เอียน อันโตเนสคู">เอียน อันโตเนสคู</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="คอนดูคาเตอ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คอนดูคาเตอ</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ราชอาณาจักรโรมาเนีย">โรมาเนีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="ฟรันซิสโก ฟรังโก">ฟรันซิสโก ฟรังโก</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เกาดีโญ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เกาดีโญ</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="สเปนภายใต้การนำของฟรังโก">สเปน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="อานเต ปาเวลิช">อานเต ปาเวลิช</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โพกลาฟนิก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โพกลาฟนิก</a></i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐเอกราชโครเอเชีย">โครเอเชีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5" title="แฟแร็นตส์ ซาลอชี">แฟแร็นตส์ ซาลอชี</a> (<i>Nemzetvezető</i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="รัฐบาลเอกภาพแห่งชาติฮังการี">ฮังการี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD" title="ยอเซ็ฟ ติซอ">ยอเซ็ฟ ติซอ</a> (<i>Vodca</i>) ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="สาธารณรัฐสโลวักที่ 1">สโลวาเกีย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="วิดกึน ควิสลิง">วิดกึน ควิสลิง</a> (<i>Fører</i>) ใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quisling_regime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quisling regime (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">นอร์เวย์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ผู้นำสูงสุดของเกาหลีเหนือ">ผู้นำสูงสุดของเกาหลีเหนือ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ผู้นำทรงอำนาจสูงสุด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ผู้นำทรงอำนาจสูงสุด</a>ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="จีน">จีน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เลขาธิการพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เลขาธิการพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์</a>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐคอมมิวนิสต์">รัฐคอมมิวนิสต์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ผู้นำสูงสุดอิหร่าน">ผู้นำสูงสุดอิหร่าน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ผู้นำสูงสุดอัฟกานิสถาน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ผู้นำสูงสุดอัฟกานิสถาน</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-reflections2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-reflections2_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Conquest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Conquest (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Robert Conquest</a><i>Reflections on a Ravaged Century</i> (2000) <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0393048187" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-393-04818-7</a>, page 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Defty, Britain, America and Anti-Communist Propaganda 1945-1953: The Information Research Department, 2007, chapters 2-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Achim Siegel, The totalitarian paradigm after the end of Communism: towards a theoretical reassessment, 1998, page 200 "Concepts of totalitarianism became most widespread at the height of the Cold War. Since the late 1940s, especially since the Korean War, they were condensed into a far-reaching, even hegemonic, ideology, by which the political elites of the Western world tried to explain and even to justify the Cold War constellation"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Guilhot, The democracy makers: human rights and international order, 2005, page 33 "The opposition between the West and Soviet totalitarianism was often presented as an opposition both moral and epistemological between truth and falsehood. The democratic, social, and economic credentials of the Soviet Union were typically seen as "lies" and as the product of a deliberate and multiform propaganda...In this context, the concept of totalitarianism was itself an asset. As it made possible the conversion of prewar anti-fascism into postwar anti-communism</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Caute, Politics and the novel during the Cold War, 2009, pages 95-99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">George A Reisch, How the Cold War transformed philosophy of science: to the icy slopes of logic, 2005, pages 153-154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regime-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-regime_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-regime_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPipes1995">Pipes 1995</a>, pp. 240–281<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPipes1995 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:Harv and Sfn template errors (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley G. Payne, Fascism: Comparison and Definition (UW Press, 1980), porn. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Gentile & B. Mussolini in "La dottrina del fascismo" (1932)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">*<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSakhi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox". <i>Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 383–401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F23477970221130882">10.1177/23477970221130882</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253945821">253945821</a>. <q>Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+Security+and+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Taliban+Takeover+in+Afghanistan+and+Security+Paradox&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=383-401&rft.date=2022-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F23477970221130882&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253945821%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sakhi&rft.aufirst=Nilofar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMadadi2022" class="citation web cs1">Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mei.edu/publications/dysfunctional-centralization-and-growing-fragility-under-taliban-rule">"Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle East Institute (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Middle East Institute</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>. <q>In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Institute&rft.atitle=Dysfunctional+centralization+and+growing+fragility+under+Taliban+rule&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft.aulast=Madadi&rft.aufirst=Sayed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mei.edu%2Fpublications%2Fdysfunctional-centralization-and-growing-fragility-under-taliban-rule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSadr2022" class="citation web cs1">Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/omar-sadr-afghanistan-taliban-rule-totalitarianism-human-rights-news-2441/">"Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban"</a>. <i>Fair Observer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>. <q>The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fair+Observer&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+Public+Intellectuals+Fail+to+Denounce+the+Taliban&rft.date=2022-03-23&rft.aulast=Sadr&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairobserver.com%2Fregion%2Fcentral_south_asia%2Fomar-sadr-afghanistan-taliban-rule-totalitarianism-human-rights-news-2441%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/dismantlement-of-the-taliban-regime-is-the-only-way-forward-for-afghanistan/">"Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic Council (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Atlantic Council</a></i>. 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>. <q>As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban’s Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Council&rft.atitle=Dismantlement+of+the+Taliban+regime+is+the+only+way+forward+for+Afghanistan&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fblogs%2Fsouthasiasource%2Fdismantlement-of-the-taliban-regime-is-the-only-way-forward-for-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAkbari2022" class="citation web cs1">Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114164914/https://extremism.gwu.edu/risks-facing-hazaras-taliban-ruled-afghanistan">"The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Washington University (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">George Washington University</a></i>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extremism.gwu.edu/risks-facing-hazaras-taliban-ruled-afghanistan">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2023-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>. <q>In the Taliban’s totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+Washington+University&rft.atitle=The+Risks+Facing+Hazaras+in+Taliban-ruled+Afghanistan&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.aulast=Akbari&rft.aufirst=Farkhondeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextremism.gwu.edu%2Frisks-facing-hazaras-taliban-ruled-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">เข้าถึงจาก "<a dir="ltr" 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