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As China’s top lawmakers gather, what’s in store for the economy? | South China Morning Post
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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy","name":"Economy"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy","name":"Policy"},"position":2}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3284808/chinas-top-lawmakers-gather-whats-store-economy","@type":"WebPage"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["NewsArticle","ReportageNewsArticle"],"alternativeHeadline":"‘Avoiding a crisis’: economic stability top of agenda as Chinese lawmakers meet","articleBody":"A meeting of China’s top legislative body starting on Monday is expected to unveil a financial policy package focused on stabilising the economy through local government debt swaps and injections of capital into banks, analysts said, rather than replicating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 as hoped for by some market players.\nThey also noted that the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election, which is likely to become known during the five-day meeting, will play a crucial role in shaping the direction of China’s economic stimulus efforts.\nWhile the market has been speculating about a multi-year package ranging in size from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.9 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan, economists have been tempering those expectations.\n“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” said Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicting that the stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s gross domestic product growth target while mitigating tail risks.\nThe National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee is convening in Beijing to discuss a wide range of issues, with a potential financial stimulus package being the one that has captured the most attention.\nThe world’s second-largest economy is striving to reach its annual GDP growth target of “around 5 per cent” while battling a slew of economic challenges, including shrinking domestic demand, a prolonged property downturn and ballooning local government debts.\n\n\nHu said he expected Beijing to approve 6 trillion yuan for local government debt swaps over the next three years, alongside an injection of 1 trillion yuan into banks via special sovereign bonds.\nHe said some investors might regard such measures as “underwhelming”, but the package would be focused more on risk prevention and economic stabilisation than directly boosting demand.\n“Expectations may have been too high in the first place, given the policy goal is to achieve this year’s growth target and reduce tail risks such as local government debt,” Hu added.\nChina fired off a policy bazooka on September 24, when the People’s Bank of China announced a larger-than-expected monetary-easing package.\nIt included a 0.2 percentage-point cut to the seven-day policy rate, a 0.5 percentage-point reduction in banks’ reserve requirement ratio, a slashing of the mortgage rate, and the introduction of two tools to help stabilise the stock market.\nThe announcement led to a rally in the domestic A-share market and prompted some to hope that a sweeping stimulus package – on par with the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 – might be forthcoming.\n\n\nDing Shuang, chief economist for Greater China at Standard Chartered, said the central government might be reluctant to raise its deficit this late in the year, and Beijing should be able to reach its economic growth target with previously announced support measures.\nAt a briefing last month, the Ministry of Finance pledged to allocate 400 billion yuan to boost the financial resources available to local governments and to allow the use of special government bonds to purchase unsold homes or idle land, which Ding said would provide a “notable boost” to the economy in the fourth quarter.\nThe official manufacturing purchasing managers’ index – a survey of sentiment among factory owners – beat expectations and rose to 50.1 in October, the National Bureau Statistics said on Thursday.\nThat ended five straight months of contraction, with analysts saying it was a sign that domestic demand might be recovering.\nDing also predicted more funding for local government debt swaps and bank recapitalisation in the wake of the NPC Standing Committee meeting, but stressed that such measures would “have an eye on the long-term” rather than any immediate effect.\nSome of the funds might give the real economy a push, he added, as some of the cash is expected to be used to resolve unpaid debts.\nThis round of policy is a phased expansion in response to economic downturn and deflationary risks\nDing Shuang, Standard Chartered\n“Especially when funds reach private construction firms, they start circulating within the economy, enabling these companies to pay wages and suppliers, which could be a push for the real economy,” he said.\nWhile this week’s meeting may focus on defusing risks, Ding said the rolling out of additional incremental policies to boost consumption could be expected next year.\n“This round of policy is a phased expansion in response to economic downturn and deflationary risks, in terms of the needs of the real economy,” Ding said, distinguishing it from the broad-based, flood-like stimulus that China’s top leadership has been eager to avoid.\nHu said the NPC Standing Committee meeting is unlikely to increase the central government’s fiscal deficit for this year, as local governments still have 2.3 trillion yuan in special bond issuance to play with.\n“Further policy boosts will hinge on external demand,” he said, flagging the potential impact of the United States’ presidential election.\n“If, for example, a new US-China trade conflict arose, leading to shrinking external demand, additional measures would become necessary, but we’re not at that point yet,” Hu said.\n\n\nA new US president with a new China policy – such as the higher tariffs on Chinese goods flagged by Republican candidate Donald Trump – could pose a fresh test to China in terms of trade, technology and the overall economy.\nCustoms data showed the US was China’s top export market in September, with shipments up 2.16 per cent year, surpassing those to the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.\n“If [Democratic candidate Kamala] Harris is elected, US policy towards China is likely to maintain continuity, which would suggest a more moderate need for additional measures,” Ding said.\nIn the case of a Trump victory, however, Ding said Beijing could be expected to respond with bigger incremental measures, potentially reaching 1 to 2 per cent of China’s GDP, given the heightened external uncertainties.\nAlicia Garcia-Herrero, chief economist for the Asia-Pacific region at French investment bank Natixis, said that while a stability-focused package might disappoint the market, it was needed to stave off deflation, which was mainly driven by excess supply in the real estate sector.\n“The market needs to realise that these measures are something that China needs to do, because without this, its economy cannot grow,” she said.\n“It’s not about growth only – it’s about avoiding a crisis or a financial stability problem.”\n","articleSection":"Policy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sylvia Ma","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/sylvia-ma"},"dateCreated":"2024-11-01T16:29:59+08:00","dateModified":"2024-11-04T17:41:49+08:00","datePublished":"2024-11-04T11:00:09+08:00","description":"A meeting of China’s top legislative body starting on Monday is expected to unveil a financial policy package focused on stabilising the economy through local government debt swaps and injections of capital into banks, analysts said, rather than replicating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 as hoped for by some market players.","genre":"Economy","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"As China’s top lawmakers gather, what’s in store for the economy?","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":2925},"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/01/0277adfe-94b9-4154-8d3a-0f27a00b3569_bc4f9bb4.jpg","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":4096}},"inLanguage":"en-GB","isAccessibleForFree":"False","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"Hong Kong"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3284808/chinas-top-lawmakers-gather-whats-store-economy","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512},"url":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512}},"name":"South China Morning Post"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.scmp.com/policies-and-standards"}</script><article class="article-list css-cru7id e1d6iglh0" data-qa="ArticlePage-Article"><div data-qa="ArticleList-Item" class="css-1t2rj2z e1kvrr5t0"><div data-qa="Component-ArticleRenderContainer" class="css-1pyy6bv er6t7fe38"><div class="css-tfsthe ea45u6l30" data-qa="GenericArticle-GenericArticleContainer"><div class="ea45u6l5 css-jyecem e15slk7y0" data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-CSSTransition"><div data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-Placeholder" class="css-1j52pf e15slk7y1"><div class=" er6t7fe36 css-1n4vh3b e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-HeaderContainer" class="css-3gz5kq ea45u6l29"><div data-qa="GenericArticle-TopicAndSection" class="css-13q5l3v ea45u6l23"><div class=" er6t7fe16 css-1xdhyk6 e1g7dnn90" data-qa="ArticleTopic-Container"><a target="_self" class="e1g7dnn91 e1nbo4jh0 css-qksmlj e1llv60l0" href="/topics/chinas-economic-stimulus?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China’s economic stimulus</a></div><div class=" er6t7fe20 css-1xdhyk6 e1047c925" data-qa="ArticleSections-SectionContainer"><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Economy</span><span data-qa="ArticleSections-render-SectionTagsSpacer" class="css-176a798 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efakuk41">Published: <!-- -->11:00am, 4 Nov 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-11-04T09:41:49.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: <!-- -->5:41pm, 4 Nov 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1u2o0u6 ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe37 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">A meeting of China’s top legislative body starting on Monday is expected to unveil a financial policy package focused on stabilising the economy through local government debt swaps and injections of capital into banks, analysts said, rather than replicating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 as hoped for by some market players.</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">They also noted that the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election, which is likely to become known during the five-day meeting, will play a crucial role in shaping the direction of China’s economic stimulus efforts.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">While the market has been speculating about a multi-year package ranging in size from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.9 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan, economists have been tempering those expectations.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” said Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicting that the stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s gross domestic product growth target while mitigating tail risks.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">The National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee is convening in Beijing to discuss a wide range of issues, with a potential financial stimulus package being the one that has captured the most attention.</p><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">The world’s second-largest economy is striving to reach its annual GDP growth target of “around 5 per cent” while battling a slew of economic challenges, including shrinking domestic demand, a prolonged <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3266847/chinas-property-fall-outshines-spending-rebound-may-challenging-beijing-economic-targets?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">property downturn</span></a> and ballooning local government debts.</div><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 ea45u6l1"><div class="er6t7fe22 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styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n 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correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article 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of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Focus of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"Focus of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Focus of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand"}]}]},"body":{"text":"A meeting of China’s top legislative body starting on Monday is expected to unveil a financial policy package focused on stabilising the economy through local government debt swaps and injections of capital into banks, analysts said, rather than replicating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 as hoped for by some market players.\nThey also noted that the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election, which is likely to become known during the five-day meeting, will play a crucial role in shaping the direction of China’s economic stimulus efforts.\nWhile the market has been speculating about a multi-year package ranging in size from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.9 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan, economists have been tempering those expectations.\n“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” said Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicting that the stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s gross domestic product growth target while mitigating tail risks.\nThe National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee is convening in Beijing to discuss a wide range of issues, with a potential financial stimulus package being the one that has captured the most attention.\nThe world’s second-largest economy is striving to reach its annual GDP growth target of “around 5 per cent” while battling a slew of economic challenges, including shrinking domestic demand, a prolonged property downturn and ballooning local government debts.\n\n\nHu said he expected Beijing to approve 6 trillion yuan for local government debt swaps over the next three years, alongside an injection of 1 trillion yuan into banks via special sovereign bonds.\nHe said some investors might regard such measures as “underwhelming”, but the package would be focused more on risk prevention and economic stabilisation than directly boosting demand.\n“Expectations may have been too high in the first place, given the policy goal is to achieve this year’s growth target and reduce tail risks such as local government debt,” Hu added.\nChina fired off a policy bazooka on September 24, when the People’s Bank of China announced a larger-than-expected monetary-easing package.\nIt included a 0.2 percentage-point cut to the seven-day policy rate, a 0.5 percentage-point reduction in banks’ reserve requirement ratio, a slashing of the mortgage rate, and the introduction of two tools to help stabilise the stock market.\nThe announcement led to a rally in the domestic A-share market and prompted some to hope that a sweeping stimulus package – on par with the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 – might be forthcoming.\n\n\nDing Shuang, chief economist for Greater China at Standard Chartered, said the central government might be reluctant to raise its deficit this late in the year, and Beijing should be able to reach its economic growth target with previously announced support measures.\nAt a briefing last month, the Ministry of Finance pledged to allocate 400 billion yuan to boost the financial resources available to local governments and to allow the use of special government bonds to purchase unsold homes or idle land, which Ding said would provide a “notable boost” to the economy in the fourth quarter.\nThe official manufacturing purchasing managers’ index – a survey of sentiment among factory owners – beat expectations and rose to 50.1 in October, the National Bureau Statistics said on Thursday.\nThat ended five straight months of contraction, with analysts saying it was a sign that domestic demand might be recovering.\nDing also predicted more funding for local government debt swaps and bank recapitalisation in the wake of the NPC Standing Committee meeting, but stressed that such measures would “have an eye on the long-term” rather than any immediate effect.\nSome of the funds might give the real economy a push, he added, as some of the cash is expected to be used to resolve unpaid debts.\nThis round of policy is a phased expansion in response to economic downturn and deflationary risks\nDing Shuang, Standard Chartered\n“Especially when funds reach private construction firms, they start circulating within the economy, enabling these companies to pay wages and suppliers, which could be a push for the real economy,” he said.\nWhile this week’s meeting may focus on defusing risks, Ding said the rolling out of additional incremental policies to boost consumption could be expected next year.\n“This round of policy is a phased expansion in response to economic downturn and deflationary risks, in terms of the needs of the real economy,” Ding said, distinguishing it from the broad-based, flood-like stimulus that China’s top leadership has been eager to avoid.\nHu said the NPC Standing Committee meeting is unlikely to increase the central government’s fiscal deficit for this year, as local governments still have 2.3 trillion yuan in special bond issuance to play with.\n“Further policy boosts will hinge on external demand,” he said, flagging the potential impact of the United States’ presidential election.\n“If, for example, a new US-China trade conflict arose, leading to shrinking external demand, additional measures would become necessary, but we’re not at that point yet,” Hu said.\n\n\nA new US president with a new China policy – such as the higher tariffs on Chinese goods flagged by Republican candidate Donald Trump – could pose a fresh test to China in terms of trade, technology and the overall economy.\nCustoms data showed the US was China’s top export market in September, with shipments up 2.16 per cent year, surpassing those to the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.\n“If [Democratic candidate Kamala] Harris is elected, US policy towards China is likely to maintain continuity, which would suggest a more moderate need for additional measures,” Ding said.\nIn the case of a Trump victory, however, Ding said Beijing could be expected to respond with bigger incremental measures, potentially reaching 1 to 2 per cent of China’s GDP, given the heightened external uncertainties.\nAlicia Garcia-Herrero, chief economist for the Asia-Pacific region at French investment bank Natixis, said that while a stability-focused package might disappoint the market, it was needed to stave off deflation, which was mainly driven by excess supply in the real estate sector.\n“The market needs to realise that these measures are something that China needs to do, because without this, its economy cannot grow,” she said.\n“It’s not about growth only – it’s about avoiding a crisis or a financial stability problem.”\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A meeting of China’s top legislative body starting on Monday is expected to unveil a financial policy package focused on stabilising the economy through local government debt swaps and injections of capital into banks, analysts said, rather than replicating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 as hoped for by some market players."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"They also noted that the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election, which is likely to become known during the five-day meeting, will play a crucial role in shaping the direction of China’s economic stimulus efforts."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"While the market has been speculating about a multi-year package ranging in size from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.9 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan, economists have been tempering those expectations."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” said Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicting that the stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s gross domestic product growth target while mitigating tail risks."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee is convening in Beijing to discuss a wide range of issues, with a potential financial stimulus package being the one that has captured the most attention."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The world’s second-largest economy is striving to reach its annual GDP growth target of “around 5 per cent” while battling a slew of economic challenges, including shrinking domestic demand, a prolonged "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3266847/chinas-property-fall-outshines-spending-rebound-may-challenging-beijing-economic-targets","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"cdbaab55-ad0e-4b78-b1a9-835cc10f5538","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"property downturn"}]},{"type":"text","data":" and ballooning local government debts."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper 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measures."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"At a briefing last month, the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3282090/chinas-finance-ministry-holds-press-conference-markets-hope-fiscal-lift","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"41997915-241d-4d4e-a1a2-2cd22b8cc0be","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ministry of Finance"}]},{"type":"text","data":" pledged to allocate 400 billion yuan to boost the financial resources available to local governments and to allow the use of special government bonds to purchase unsold homes or idle land, which Ding said would provide a “notable boost” to the economy in the fourth quarter."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The official manufacturing purchasing managers’ index – a survey of sentiment among factory owners – "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3284542/chinas-factory-activity-returns-growth-ends-5-months-contraction?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=homepage?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ace54016-b495-4409-ac0a-e21426f89a7c","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"beat expectations and rose to 50.1 in October"}]},{"type":"text","data":", the National Bureau Statistics said on Thursday."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"That ended five straight months of contraction, with analysts saying it was a sign that domestic demand might be recovering."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ding also predicted more funding for local government debt swaps and bank recapitalisation 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"},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3284659/china-outlook-murky-executives-companies-plan-trump-tariff-blitz?module=United%20States%20%26%20Canada\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"0af74068-05f5-43a1-b1bd-b679a70e2b25","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"higher tariffs on Chinese goods"}]},{"type":"text","data":" flagged by Republican candidate Donald Trump – could pose a fresh test to China in terms of trade, technology and the overall economy."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Customs data showed the US was China’s top export market in September, with shipments up 2.16 per cent year, surpassing those to the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“If [Democratic candidate Kamala] Harris is elected, US policy 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of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Focus of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"Focus of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Focus of meeting expected to be on risk prevention and economic stabilisation rather than directly boosting demand"}]}]},"body":{"text":"A meeting of China’s top legislative body starting on Monday is expected to unveil a financial policy package focused on stabilising the economy through local government debt swaps and injections of capital into banks, analysts said, rather than replicating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 as hoped for by some market players.\nThey also noted that the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election, which is likely to become known during the five-day meeting, will play a crucial role in shaping the direction of China’s economic stimulus efforts.\nWhile the market has been speculating about a multi-year package ranging in size from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.9 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan, economists have been tempering those expectations.\n“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” said Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicting that the stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s gross domestic product growth target while mitigating tail risks.\nThe National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee is convening in Beijing to discuss a wide range of issues, with a potential financial stimulus package being the one that has captured the most attention.\nThe world’s second-largest economy is striving to reach its annual GDP growth target of “around 5 per cent” while battling a slew of economic challenges, including shrinking domestic demand, a prolonged property downturn and ballooning local government debts.\n\n\nHu said he expected Beijing to approve 6 trillion yuan for local government debt swaps over the next three years, alongside an injection of 1 trillion yuan into banks via special sovereign bonds.\nHe said some investors might regard such measures as “underwhelming”, but the package would be focused more on risk prevention and economic stabilisation than directly boosting demand.\n“Expectations may have been too high in the first place, given the policy goal is to achieve this year’s growth target and reduce tail risks such as local government debt,” Hu added.\nChina fired off a policy bazooka on September 24, when the People’s Bank of China announced a larger-than-expected monetary-easing package.\nIt included a 0.2 percentage-point cut to the seven-day policy rate, a 0.5 percentage-point reduction in banks’ reserve requirement ratio, a slashing of the mortgage rate, and the introduction of two tools to help stabilise the stock market.\nThe announcement led to a rally in the domestic A-share market and prompted some to hope that a sweeping stimulus package – on par with the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 – might be forthcoming.\n\n\nDing Shuang, chief economist for Greater China at Standard Chartered, said the central government might be reluctant to raise its deficit this late in the year, and Beijing should be able to reach its economic growth target with previously announced support measures.\nAt a briefing last month, the Ministry of Finance pledged to allocate 400 billion yuan to boost the financial resources available to local governments and to allow the use of special government bonds to purchase unsold homes or idle land, which Ding said would provide a “notable boost” to the economy in the fourth quarter.\nThe official manufacturing purchasing managers’ index – a survey of sentiment among factory owners – beat expectations and rose to 50.1 in October, the National Bureau Statistics said on Thursday.\nThat ended five straight months of contraction, with analysts saying it was a sign that domestic demand might be recovering.\nDing also predicted more funding for local government debt swaps and bank recapitalisation in the wake of the NPC Standing Committee meeting, but stressed that such measures would “have an eye on the long-term” rather than any immediate effect.\nSome of the funds might give the real economy a push, he added, as some of the cash is expected to be used to resolve unpaid debts.\nThis round of policy is a phased expansion in response to economic downturn and deflationary risks\nDing Shuang, Standard Chartered\n“Especially when funds reach private construction firms, they start circulating within the economy, enabling these companies to pay wages and suppliers, which could be a push for the real economy,” he said.\nWhile this week’s meeting may focus on defusing risks, Ding said the rolling out of additional incremental policies to boost consumption could be expected next year.\n“This round of policy is a phased expansion in response to economic downturn and deflationary risks, in terms of the needs of the real economy,” Ding said, distinguishing it from the broad-based, flood-like stimulus that China’s top leadership has been eager to avoid.\nHu said the NPC Standing Committee meeting is unlikely to increase the central government’s fiscal deficit for this year, as local governments still have 2.3 trillion yuan in special bond issuance to play with.\n“Further policy boosts will hinge on external demand,” he said, flagging the potential impact of the United States’ presidential election.\n“If, for example, a new US-China trade conflict arose, leading to shrinking external demand, additional measures would become necessary, but we’re not at that point yet,” Hu said.\n\n\nA new US president with a new China policy – such as the higher tariffs on Chinese goods flagged by Republican candidate Donald Trump – could pose a fresh test to China in terms of trade, technology and the overall economy.\nCustoms data showed the US was China’s top export market in September, with shipments up 2.16 per cent year, surpassing those to the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.\n“If [Democratic candidate Kamala] Harris is elected, US policy towards China is likely to maintain continuity, which would suggest a more moderate need for additional measures,” Ding said.\nIn the case of a Trump victory, however, Ding said Beijing could be expected to respond with bigger incremental measures, potentially reaching 1 to 2 per cent of China’s GDP, given the heightened external uncertainties.\nAlicia Garcia-Herrero, chief economist for the Asia-Pacific region at French investment bank Natixis, said that while a stability-focused package might disappoint the market, it was needed to stave off deflation, which was mainly driven by excess supply in the real estate sector.\n“The market needs to realise that these measures are something that China needs to do, because without this, its economy cannot grow,” she said.\n“It’s not about growth only – it’s about avoiding a crisis or a financial stability problem.”\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A meeting of China’s top legislative body starting on Monday is expected to unveil a financial policy package focused on stabilising the economy through local government debt swaps and injections of capital into banks, analysts said, rather than replicating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus of 2008 as hoped for by some market players."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"They also noted that the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election, which is likely to become known during the five-day meeting, will play a crucial role in shaping the direction of China’s economic stimulus efforts."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"While the market has been speculating about a multi-year package ranging in size from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.9 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan, economists have been tempering those expectations."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” said Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicting that the stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s gross domestic product growth target while mitigating tail risks."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee is convening in Beijing to discuss a wide range of issues, with a potential financial stimulus package being the one that has captured the most attention."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The world’s second-largest economy is striving to reach its annual GDP growth target of “around 5 per cent” while battling a slew of economic challenges, including shrinking domestic demand, a prolonged "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3266847/chinas-property-fall-outshines-spending-rebound-may-challenging-beijing-economic-targets","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"cdbaab55-ad0e-4b78-b1a9-835cc10f5538","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"property downturn"}]},{"type":"text","data":" and ballooning local government debts."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper 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measures."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"At a briefing last month, the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3282090/chinas-finance-ministry-holds-press-conference-markets-hope-fiscal-lift","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"41997915-241d-4d4e-a1a2-2cd22b8cc0be","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ministry of Finance"}]},{"type":"text","data":" pledged to allocate 400 billion yuan to boost the financial resources available to local governments and to allow the use of special government bonds to purchase unsold homes or idle land, which Ding said would provide a “notable boost” to the economy in the fourth quarter."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The official manufacturing purchasing managers’ index – a survey of sentiment among factory owners – "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3284542/chinas-factory-activity-returns-growth-ends-5-months-contraction?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=homepage?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ace54016-b495-4409-ac0a-e21426f89a7c","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"beat expectations and rose to 50.1 in October"}]},{"type":"text","data":", the National Bureau Statistics said on Thursday."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"That ended five straight months of contraction, with analysts saying it was a sign that domestic demand might be recovering."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6","infiniteAdsAfterNumber":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ding also predicted more funding for local government debt swaps and bank recapitalisation 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"},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3284659/china-outlook-murky-executives-companies-plan-trump-tariff-blitz?module=United%20States%20%26%20Canada\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"0af74068-05f5-43a1-b1bd-b679a70e2b25","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"higher tariffs on Chinese goods"}]},{"type":"text","data":" flagged by Republican candidate Donald Trump – could pose a fresh test to China in terms of trade, technology and the overall economy."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Customs data showed the US was China’s top export market in September, with shipments up 2.16 per cent year, surpassing those to the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“If [Democratic candidate Kamala] Harris is elected, US policy 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