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Afifah Azraai</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Siti Nur Afifah Azraai"> <meta name="keywords" content="Siti Nur Afifah Azraai"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Siti Nur Afifah Azraai"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 174</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Siti Nur Afifah Azraai</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> An Overview of Corroded Pipe Repair Techniques Using Composite Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Kar%20Sing">Lim Kar Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Afifah%20Azraai"> Siti Nur Afifah Azraai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhazilan%20Md%20Noor"> Norhazilan Md Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Yahaya"> Nordin Yahaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymeric composites are being increasingly used as repair material for repairing critical infrastructures such as building, bridge, pressure vessel, piping and pipeline. Technique in repairing damaged pipes is one of the major concerns of pipeline owners. Considerable researches have been carried out on the repair of corroded pipes using composite materials. This article attempts a short review of the subject matter to provide insight into various techniques used in repairing corroded pipes, focusing on a wide range of composite repair systems. These systems including pre-cured layered, flexible wet lay-up, pre-impregnated, split composite sleeve and flexible tape systems. Both advantages and limitations of these repair systems were highlighted. Critical technical aspects have been discussed through the current standards and practices. Research gaps and future study scopes in achieving more effective design philosophy are also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20materials" title="composite materials">composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair%20technique" title=" repair technique"> repair technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35294/an-overview-of-corroded-pipe-repair-techniques-using-composite-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Graphene-Modified Epoxy Resin for Pipeline Repair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Afifah%20Azraai">Siti Nur Afifah Azraai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Kar%20Sing"> Lim Kar Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20Yahaya"> Nordin Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhazilan%20Md%20Noor"> Norhazilan Md Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experimental study consists of a characterization of epoxy grout where an amount of 2% of graphene nanoplatelets particles were added to commercial epoxy resin to evaluate their behavior regarding neat epoxy resin. Compressive tests, tensile tests and flexural tests were conducted to study the effect of graphene nanoplatelets on neat epoxy resin. By comparing graphene-based and neat epoxy grout, there is no significant increase of strength due to weak interface in the graphene nanoplatelets/epoxy composites. From this experiment, the tension and flexural strength of graphene-based epoxy grouts is slightly lower than ones of neat epoxy grout. Nevertheless, the addition of graphene has produced more consistent results according to a smaller standard deviation of strength. Furthermore, the graphene has also improved the ductility of the grout, hence reducing its brittle behaviour. This shows that the performance of graphene-based grout is reliably predictable and able to minimize sudden rupture. This is important since repair design of damaged pipeline is of deterministic nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin" title=" epoxy resin"> epoxy resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20nanoplatelets" title=" graphene nanoplatelets"> graphene nanoplatelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35293/characterization-of-mechanical-properties-of-graphene-modified-epoxy-resin-for-pipeline-repair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> An Evaluation on the Methodology of Manufacturing High Performance Organophilic Clay at the Most Efficient and Cost Effective Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Izati%20Azmi">Siti Nur Izati Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zatil%20Afifah%20Omar"> Zatil Afifah Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathi%20Swaran"> Kathi Swaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navin%20Kumar"> Navin Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organophilic Clays, also known as Organoclays, is used as a viscosifier in Oil based Drilling fluids. Most often, Organophilic clay are produced from modified Sodium and Calcium based Bentonite. Many studies and data show that Organophilic Clay using Hectorite based clays provide the best yield and good fluid loss properties in an oil-based drilling fluid at a higher cost. In terms of the manufacturing process, the two common methods of manufacturing organophilic clays are a Wet Process and a Dry Process. Wet process is known to produce better performance product at a higher cost while Dry Process shorten the production time. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the various formulation of an organophilic clay and its performance vs. the cost, as well as to determine the most efficient and cost-effective method of manufacturing organophilic clays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophilic%20clay" title="organophilic clay">organophilic clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosifier" title=" viscosifier"> viscosifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20process" title=" wet process"> wet process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20process" title=" dry process"> dry process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139529/an-evaluation-on-the-methodology-of-manufacturing-high-performance-organophilic-clay-at-the-most-efficient-and-cost-effective-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Proprietary Blend Synthetic Rubber as Loss Circulation Material in Drilling Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zatil%20Afifah%20Omar">Zatil Afifah Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Izati%20Azmi"> Siti Nur Izati Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathi%20Swaran"> Kathi Swaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navin%20Kumar"> Navin Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lost circulation has always been one of the greatest problems faced by drilling companies during drilling operations due to excessive drilling Fluids losses. Loss of circulation leads to Huge cost and non-productive time. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sealing efficiency of a proprietary blend of synthetic rubber as loss circulation material in comparison with a conventional product such as calcium carbonate, graphite, cellulosic, and nutshells. Sand Bed Tester with a different proprietary blend of synthetic rubber compositions has been used to determine the effectiveness of the LCM in preventing drilling fluids losses in a lab scale. Test results show the proprietary blend of synthetic rubber have good bridging properties and sealing Off fractures of various sizes. The finish product is environmentally friendly with lower production lead time and lower production cost compared to current conventional loss circulation materials used in current drilling operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20circulation%20materials" title="loss circulation materials">loss circulation materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling%20operation" title=" drilling operation"> drilling operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sealing%20efficiency" title=" sealing efficiency"> sealing efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCM" title=" LCM"> LCM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139528/proprietary-blend-synthetic-rubber-as-loss-circulation-material-in-drilling-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Hydraulic Performance of Urban Drainage System Using SWMM: A Case Study of Siti Khadijah Retention Pond in Palembang City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20B.%20Al%20Amin">Muhammad B. Al Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyimas%20S.%20Rika"> Nyimas S. Rika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20F.%20Yanto"> Dwi F. Yanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelina"> Marcelina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Siti Khadijah retention pond is located beside of Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital on Demang Lebar Daun Street in Palembang City. This retention pond is functioned as storage for runoff from drainage channels in the surrounding area before entering Sekanak River, which is one of Musi River tributaries. However, in recent years, the developments in the surrounding area into paved area trigger to increase runoff discharge that causes the pond can no longer store it adequately. This study aimed to investigate the hydraulic performance of drainage system in the area around Siti Khadijah retention pond. A SWMM model was used to simulate runoff discharge into the pond and out from the pond, so the water level fluctuation within the pond and its capacity could be determined. Besides that, the water depth within drainage channels was simulated as well. The results showed that capacity of retention pond and some drainage channels already inadequate, so the area around it potentially to be flooded. Thus, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the retention pond and drainage channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title="flood">flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention%20pond" title=" retention pond"> retention pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWMM" title=" SWMM"> SWMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20drainage%20system" title=" urban drainage system"> urban drainage system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591/hydraulic-performance-of-urban-drainage-system-using-swmm-a-case-study-of-siti-khadijah-retention-pond-in-palembang-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Profiling on the Holistic Identity of Malaysian Gifted Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rorlinda%20Yusof">Rorlinda Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Aishah%20Hassan"> Siti Aishah Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afifah%20Mohamad%20Radzi"> Afifah Mohamad Radzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hakimie%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Mohd Hakimie Zainal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amran%20Rasli"> Amran Rasli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inderbir%20Sandhu"> Inderbir Sandhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to examine the self-identities of gifted and talented students and the relationship between self-identity and academic accomplishment. A random sample of 300 students enrolled in a secondary education programme at the Pusat GENIUS@pintar Negara was chosen as respondents of a 151-item holistic-identity component development tool. The validity of the instrument was assessed using Principal Components Analysis and Factor Analysis via an inter-Item Correlation Matrix (Loading values 0.44 to 0.86), which resulted in the formation of eight dimensions. The Cronbach's Alpha was calculated to determine the instrument's reliability (the overall result was 0.98). The results showed that students' holistic-identity profiles were relatively high (mean=4.09, standard deviation=0.449). In addition, spiritual identity received the greatest mean score (4.34) out of the eight components of identity investigated, while leadership identity received the lowest mean score (3.88). A conceptual framework for Islamic school leadership is recommended to implement spiritual values without differentiation to harmonize spiritual and intellectual intelligence among all the students. Some benchmarking studies with other centres for gifted and talented students are recommended for further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holistic%20self-identity" title="holistic self-identity">holistic self-identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20achievement" title=" academic achievement"> academic achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-development%20programme" title=" self-development programme"> self-development programme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counselling%20services" title=" counselling services"> counselling services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gifted%20and%20talented%20students" title=" gifted and talented students"> gifted and talented students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156156/profiling-on-the-holistic-identity-of-malaysian-gifted-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Preparedness for Microbial Forensics Evidence Collection on Best Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Ananth%20Paramananth">Victor Ananth Paramananth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Muniginin"> Rashid Muniginin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahaya%20Abd%20Rahman"> Mahaya Abd Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Afifah%20Ismail"> Siti Afifah Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safety issues, scene protection, and appropriate evidence collection must be handled in any bio crime scene. There will be a scene or multi-scene to be cordoned for investigation in any bio-incident or bio crime event. Evidence collection is critical in determining the type of microbial or toxin, its lethality, and its source. As a consequence, from the start of the investigation, a proper sampling method is required. The most significant challenges for the crime scene officer would be deciding where to obtain samples, the best sampling method, and the sample sizes needed. Since there could be evidence in liquid, viscous, or powder shape at a crime scene, crime scene officers have difficulty determining which tools to use for sampling. To maximize sample collection, the appropriate tools for sampling methods are necessary. This study aims to assist the crime scene officer in collecting liquid, viscous, and powder biological samples in sufficient quantity while preserving sample quality. Observational tests on sample collection using liquid, viscous, and powder samples for adequate quantity and sample quality were performed using UV light in this research. The density of the light emission varies upon the method of collection and sample types. The best tools for collecting sufficient amounts of liquid, viscous, and powdered samples can be identified by observing UV light. Instead of active microorganisms, the invisible powder is used to assess sufficient sample collection during a crime scene investigation using various collection tools. The liquid, powdered and viscous samples collected using different tools were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared - attenuate total reflection (FTIR-ATR). FTIR spectroscopy is commonly used for rapid discrimination, classification, and identification of intact microbial cells. The liquid, viscous and powdered samples collected using various tools have been successfully observed using UV light. Furthermore, FTIR-ATR analysis showed that collected samples are sufficient in quantity while preserving their quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20sample" title="biological sample">biological sample</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20scene" title=" crime scene"> crime scene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collection%20tool" title=" collection tool"> collection tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20light" title=" UV light"> UV light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic" title=" forensic"> forensic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139362/preparedness-for-microbial-forensics-evidence-collection-on-best-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> The Student Care: The Influence of Family’s Attention toward the Student of Junior High Schools in Physics Learning Achievements </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Rossidatul%20Munawaroh">Siti Rossidatul Munawaroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Khusnul%20Khowatim"> Siti Khusnul Khowatim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is determined to find how is the influence of family attention of students in provides guidance of the student learning. The increasing of student’s learning motivation can be increased made up in various ways, one of them are through students social guidance in their relation with the family. The family not only provides the matter and the learning time but also be supervise for the learning time and guide his children to overcome a learning disability. The character of physics subject in their science experiences at junior high schools has demanded that student’s ability is to think symbolically and understand something in a meaningful manner. Therefore, the reinforcement of the physics learning motivation is clearly necessary not only by the school are related, but the family environment and the society. As for the role of family which includes maintenance, parenting, coaching, and educating both of physically and spiritually, this way is expected to give spirit impulsion in studying physics subject in order to increase student learning achievements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics%20subject" title="physics subject">physics subject</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20influence%20of%20family%20attention" title=" the influence of family attention"> the influence of family attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20motivation" title=" learning motivation"> learning motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Student%20care" title=" the Student care"> the Student care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39582/the-student-care-the-influence-of-familys-attention-toward-the-student-of-junior-high-schools-in-physics-learning-achievements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Visual Text Analytics Technologies for Real-Time Big Data: Chronological Evolution and Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Azrina%20B.%20A.%20Aziz">Siti Azrina B. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Hafizah%20A.%20Hamid"> Siti Hafizah A. Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New approaches to analyze and visualize data stream in real-time basis is important in making a prompt decision by the decision maker. Financial market trading and surveillance, large-scale emergency response and crowd control are some example scenarios that require real-time analytic and data visualization. This situation has led to the development of techniques and tools that support humans in analyzing the source data. With the emergence of Big Data and social media, new techniques and tools are required in order to process the streaming data. Today, ranges of tools which implement some of these functionalities are available. In this paper, we present chronological evolution evaluation of technologies for supporting of real-time analytic and visualization of the data stream. Based on the past research papers published from 2002 to 2014, we gathered the general information, main techniques, challenges and open issues. The techniques for streaming text visualization are identified based on Text Visualization Browser in chronological order. This paper aims to review the evolution of streaming text visualization techniques and tools, as well as to discuss the problems and challenges for each of identified tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20visualization" title="information visualization">information visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20analytics" title=" visual analytics"> visual analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20text%20analytics%20tools" title=" visual text analytics tools"> visual text analytics tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20visualization" title=" big data visualization"> big data visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36745/visual-text-analytics-technologies-for-real-time-big-data-chronological-evolution-and-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Modelling the Effect of Physical Environment Factors on Child Pedestrian Severity Collisions in Malaysia: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20N.%20Borhan">Muhamad N. Borhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20S.%20Darus"> Nur S. Darus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Z.%20Ishak"> Siti Z. Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozmi%20Ismail"> Rozmi Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20F.%20M.%20Razali"> Siti F. M. Razali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children are at the greater risk to be involved in road traffic collisions due to the complex interaction of various elements in our transportation system. It encompasses interactions between the elements of children and driver behavior along with physical and social environment factors. The present study examined the effect between the collisions severity and physical environment factors on child pedestrian collisions. The severity of collisions is categorized into four injury outcomes: fatal, serious injury, slight injury, and damage. The sample size comprised of 2487 cases of child pedestrian-vehicle collisions in which children aged 7 to 12 years old was involved in Malaysia for the years 2006-2015. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to establish the effect between severity levels and physical environment factors. The results showed that eight contributing factors influence the probability of an injury road surface material, traffic system, road marking, control type, lighting condition, type of location, land use and road surface condition. Understanding the effect of physical environment factors may contribute to the improvement of physical environment design and decrease the collision involvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20pedestrian" title="child pedestrian">child pedestrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collisions" title=" collisions"> collisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20injuries" title=" road injuries"> road injuries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98329/modelling-the-effect-of-physical-environment-factors-on-child-pedestrian-severity-collisions-in-malaysia-a-multinomial-logistic-regression-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Quality Evaluation of Treated Ballast Seawater for Potential Reuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Muhamad">Siti Nur Muhamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Abu%20Ubaidah%20Amir"> Mohamad Abu Ubaidah Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adenen%20Shuhada%20Abdul%20Aziz"> Adenen Shuhada Abdul Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sarah%20Mohd%20Isnan"> Siti Sarah Mohd Isnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainul%20Husna%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Ainul Husna Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Afiqah%20Rosly"> Nur Afiqah Rosly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshamida%20Abd%20Jamil"> Roshamida Abd Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) will commencing on 8 September 2017 after ratified by 51 States in September 2016. However, there is no value recovered for the treated ballast water as it simply discharged during de-ballasting. In order to evaluate value creation of treated ballast water, three seawater applications which are seawater toilet flushing, cooling tower and desalination was studied and compared with treated ballast seawater. An exploratory study was conducted in Singapore as a case study as this country is facing water scarcity issues and a busy port in the world which received more than 28 billion m3 of ballast water in 2015. Surprisingly the treatment technology between seawater toilet flushing and ballast water management has similarity as both applications use screening and disinfection process and quality standard and analysis between treated ballast water with seawater applications found that seawater toilet flushing have the same quality parameter with treated ballast water. Thus, the treated ballast water can replace the raw seawater for seawater desalination. As such, with reduction of cost for screen unit, desalination water can exceed water production by NEWater in Singapore as the cost can recover the energy needed for desalination. It can conclude that treated ballast water has high recovery value and can be reused in seawater application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballast%20water%20treatment" title="ballast water treatment">ballast water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title=" desalination"> desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BWM%20convention" title=" BWM convention"> BWM convention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballast%20water%20management" title=" ballast water management"> ballast water management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64168/quality-evaluation-of-treated-ballast-seawater-for-potential-reuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Cadaver Free Fatty Acid Distribution Associated with Burial in Mangrove and Oil Palm Plantation Soils under Tropical Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sofo%20Ismail">Siti Sofo Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Noraina%20Wahida%20Mohd%20Alwi"> Siti Noraina Wahida Mohd Alwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Hafiz%20Ameran"> Mohamad Hafiz Ameran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masrudin%20M.%20Yusoff"> Masrudin M. Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Locating clandestine cadaver is crucially important in forensic investigations. However, it requires a lot of man power, costly and time consuming. Therefore, the development of a new method to locate the clandestine graves is urgently needed as the cases involve burial of cadaver in different types of soils under tropical climates are still not well explored. This study focused on the burial in mangrove and oil palm plantation soils, comparing the fatty acid distributions in different soil acidities. A stimulated burial experiment was conducted using domestic pig (Sus scrofa) to substitute human tissues. Approximately 20g of pig fatty flesh was allowed to decompose in mangrove and oil palm plantation soils, mimicking burial in a shallow grave. The associated soils were collected at different designated sampling points, corresponding different decomposition stages. Modified Bligh-Dyer Extraction method was applied to extract the soil free fatty acids. Then, the obtained free fatty acids were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID). A similar fatty acid distribution was observed for both mangrove and oil palm plantations soils. Palmitic acid (C₁₆) was the most abundance of free fatty acid, followed by stearic acid (C₁₈). However, the concentration of palmitic acid (C₁₆) higher in oil palm plantation compare to mangrove soils. Conclusion, the decomposition rate of cadaver can be affected by different type of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clandestine%20grave" title="clandestine grave">clandestine grave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burial" title=" burial"> burial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soils" title=" soils"> soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20fatty%20acid" title=" free fatty acid"> free fatty acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87338/cadaver-free-fatty-acid-distribution-associated-with-burial-in-mangrove-and-oil-palm-plantation-soils-under-tropical-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity Test of Water Fraction Extract of Sisik Naga (Drymoglossum piloselloides) Leaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afifah%20Nur%20Aini">Afifah Nur Aini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsa%20Mega%20Suryani"> Elsa Mega Suryani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betty%20Lukiaty"> Betty Lukiaty </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drymoglossum piloselloides or more commonly known as sisik naga fern is a member of Polipodiaceae Family that is abundant and widely distributed in nature. That being said, there hasn’t been many studies reporting about the benefits of this fern. The aim of this study was to find out the active compounds and antioxidant activity of water fraction extract of sisik naga leaves. The study will be able to optimize the use of this fern in the future. In this study, phytochemical test was done qualitatively by using Mayer, Dragendorff and Wagner reagent for alkaloid test; FeCl3 for phenolic test; Shinoda test for flavonoid; Liebermann-Burchard test for triterprnoid and Forth test for saponin. Antioxidant activity test was done by using 20D spectronic spectrophotometer to determine the percentage of DPPH free radical inhibition. The results showed that water fraction extract of sisik naga leaves contain phenolic and IC50 = 5.44 μg/ml. This means that sisik naga leaves can be used as an antioxidant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity%20test" title="antioxidant activity test">antioxidant activity test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dpph" title=" dpph"> dpph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20test" title=" phytochemical test"> phytochemical test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drymoglossum%20piloselloides" title=" drymoglossum piloselloides"> drymoglossum piloselloides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43437/phytochemical-and-antioxidant-activity-test-of-water-fraction-extract-of-sisik-naga-drymoglossum-piloselloides-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">909</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Effect of Iron Fortification on the Antibacterial Activity of Synbiotic Fermented Milk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Helmyati">Siti Helmyati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euis%20Nurdiyawati"> Euis Nurdiyawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joko%20Susilo"> Joko Susilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endri%20Yuliati"> Endri Yuliati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Fadhilatun%20Nashriyah"> Siti Fadhilatun Nashriyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurnia%20Widyastuti"> Kurnia Widyastuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Iron fortification is one of the most effective and sustainable strategies to overcome anemia. It contradictively, has negative effect on gut microbiota balance. Pathogenic bacteria required iron for their growth. The iron source have greatly affect iron absorption in the intestine. Probiotic can inhibit the growth of pathogen. Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13, Indonesian local isolate provides many benefits for health while fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) provides selective substrates for probiotics’ growth. Objective: To determine the effect of iron fortification (NaFeEDTA and FeSO4) on antibacterial activity of synbiotic fermented milk. Methods: The antibacterial activity test was performed using the disc diffusion method. Paper discs were soaked in three kinds of synbiotic fermented milk, which are: 1) fortified with NaFeEDTA, 2) FeSO4 and 3) control. Escherichia coli was inoculated on nutrient agar medium. The ability of inhibition was shown by the formation of clear zone around the paper disc and measured in diameter (mm). Results: Synbiotic fermented milk fortified with iron (either NaFeEDTA or FeSO4) had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with diameter of clear zone were 6.53 mm and 12.3 mm, respectively (p<0.05). Compared to control (10.73 mm), synbiotic fermented milk fortified with FeSO4 had similar antibacterial activity (p>0.05). Conclusions: In vitro, synbiotic fermented milk fortified with NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 had different antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Iron fortification compound affected the antibacterial activity of synbiotic fermented milk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactobacillus%20plantarum%20Dad%2013" title="lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13">lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOS" title=" FOS"> FOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaFeEDTA" title=" NaFeEDTA"> NaFeEDTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FeSO4" title=" FeSO4"> FeSO4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17035/effect-of-iron-fortification-on-the-antibacterial-activity-of-synbiotic-fermented-milk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Human Papillomavirus 16 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suharni%20Mohamad%20Suharni%20Mohamad">Suharni Mohamad Suharni Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Izzati%20Hamzan%20Nurul%20Izzati%20Hamzan"> Nurul Izzati Hamzan Nurul Izzati Hamzan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayu%20Abdul%20Rahman%20Norhayu%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Norhayu Abdul Rahman Norhayu Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Suraiya%20Md%20Noor%20Siti%20Suraiya%20Md%20Noor"> Siti Suraiya Md Noor Siti Suraiya Md Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important risk factor for development of oral cancer. HPV16 is the most common type found in HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma. In the present study, we established a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (real-time LAMP) for detection of HPV16. A set of six primers was specially designed to recognize eight distinct sequences of HPV16-E6. Detection and quantification was achieved by real-time monitoring using a real-time turbidimeter based on threshold time required for turbidity in the LAMP reaction. LAMP reagents (MgSO4, dNTPs, Bst polymerase concentrations) and various incubation times and temperatures were optimized. The sensitivity was determined using 10-fold serial dilutions of HPV16 standard strain. The specificity of was evaluated using other HPV genotypes. The optimized method was established with specifically designed primers by real-time detection in approximately 30 min at 65°C. The limit of detection of HPV16 using the LAMP assay was 10 pg/ml that could be detected in 30 min. The LAMP assay was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR in detecting HPV16. No cross-reactivity with other HPV genotypes was observed. This quantitative real-time LAMP assay may improve diagnostic potential for the detection and quantification of HPV16 in clinical samples and epidemiological studies due to its rapidity, simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity. This assay will be further evaluated with HPV DNAs of saliva from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Acknowledgement: This study was financially supported by the ScienceFund Grant, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (305/PPSG/6113219). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oral%20Squamous%20Cell%20Carcinoma%20%28OSCC%29" title="Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)">Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Human%20Papillomavirus%2016%20%28HPV16%29" title=" Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)"> Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loop-Mediated%20Isothermal%20Amplification%20%28LAMP%29" title=" Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)"> Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20detection" title=" rapid detection"> rapid detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55052/real-time-loop-mediated-isothermal-amplification-assay-for-rapid-detection-of-human-papillomavirus-16-in-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Teaching Health in an Online 3D Virtual Learning Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Siti%20Hanifah%20Nik%20Ahmad">Nik Siti Hanifah Nik Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research discuss about teaching cupping therapy or hijama by using an online 3D Virtual Learning Environment. The experimental platform was using of flash and Second Life as 2D and 3D comparison. 81 samples have been used in three experiments with 21 in the first and 30 in each second and third. The design of the presentation was tested in five categories such as effectiveness, ease of use, efficacy, aesthetic and users’ satisfaction. The results from three experiments had shown promising outcome for usage of the technique to be implement in teaching Cupping Therapy as well as other alternative or conventional medicine knowledge especially for training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20and%20health" title="medical and health">medical and health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cupping%20therapy%20or%20hijama" title=" cupping therapy or hijama"> cupping therapy or hijama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20life" title=" second life"> second life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%203D%20VLE" title=" online 3D VLE"> online 3D VLE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20worlds" title=" virtual worlds"> virtual worlds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42280/teaching-health-in-an-online-3d-virtual-learning-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Root Cause Analysis of Surveillance Quality in Tanjung Priok Port to Prevent Epidemic Potential Disease as a Form of Bioterrorism Threat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20A.%20Amu">Dina A. Amu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fifi%20N.%20Afifah"> Fifi N. Afifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catur%20Rosidati"> Catur Rosidati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tirton%20Nefianto"> Tirton Nefianto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia was shaken up by the avian influenza cases that had caused the country suffered losses of millions of dollars. The avian influenza case had even been suspected as a bioterrorism attack since it was an uncommon case in epidemiology. Furthermore, this avian influenza virus is a high pathogenic one and Indonesia has the highest case of fatality rate in the world. Bioterrorism threats or epidemic potential disease outbreaks currently does not exist in Tanjung Priok port yet. However, the surveillance system enhancement on epidemic potential diseases should be taken as a prevention, especially because Indonesia is currently facing the ASEAN Economic Society (AES). Therefore, this research evaluates the health surveillance system which is organized by Control, Quarantine and Surveillance Department, Health Office of Tanjung Priok Port. This study uses qualitative-evaluative method which utilizes Urgency Seriousness Growth (USG) method to determine priority issues and Root Cause analysis to determine the cause of prior problem. The result of this research shows that the implementation of epidemic potential disease surveillance in Tanjung Priok port has not done in the best possible way. It is because the lack of time allocation and the succinctness of the check list of ship's environmental health inspection. Therefore, Health Ministry of Indonesia should recruit more employees at the health office of Tanjung Priok port, hold a simulation of ship's inspection and simplify the list for ship's environmental health inspection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance" title="surveillance">surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic%20potential%20disease" title=" epidemic potential disease"> epidemic potential disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=port%20health" title=" port health"> port health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioterrorism" title=" bioterrorism"> bioterrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67720/root-cause-analysis-of-surveillance-quality-in-tanjung-priok-port-to-prevent-epidemic-potential-disease-as-a-form-of-bioterrorism-threat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Experimental Investigation on Noise from Rod-Airfoil with Leading Edge Serrations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhliah%20Lizarose%20Samion">Siti Ruhliah Lizarose Samion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sukri%20Mat%20Ali"> Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Con%20Doolan"> Con Doolan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work is an experimental investigation of adapting a passive treatment leading edge serrations over a rod-airfoil flow-induced noise generation. The leading edge serrations are bio-inspired from a barn-owl silent flight. The rod-airfoil configuration is a benchmark configuration taken to investigate airfoil-turbulence interaction noise (ATIN). Location of serrations placed and the wideness of serrations are the two parameters taken in this study. The ATIN is reduced up to 3.5 dB for a wide leading serrations case. A correlation is found between the wideness of serrations and the noise reduction mechanism of the airfoil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20noise" title="aerodynamic noise">aerodynamic noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20serrations" title=" leading edge serrations"> leading edge serrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rod-airfoil" title=" rod-airfoil"> rod-airfoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951/experimental-investigation-on-noise-from-rod-airfoil-with-leading-edge-serrations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Security Report Profiling for Mobile Banking Applications in Indonesia Based on OWASP Mobile Top 10-2016</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bambang%20Novianto">Bambang Novianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizal%20Aditya%20Herdianto"> Rizal Aditya Herdianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Bianco%20Huwae"> Raphael Bianco Huwae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afifah"> Afifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonso%20Brolin%20%20Sihite"> Alfonso Brolin Sihite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudi%20Lumanto"> Rudi Lumanto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mobile banking application is a type of mobile application that is growing rapidly. This is caused by the ease of service and time savings in making transactions. On the other hand, this certainly provides a challenge in security issues. The use of mobile banking can not be separated from cyberattacks that may occur which can result the theft of sensitive information or financial loss. The financial loss and the theft of sensitive information is the most avoided thing because besides harming the user, it can also cause a loss of customer trust in a bank. Cyberattacks that are often carried out against mobile applications are phishing, hacking, theft, misuse of data, etc. Cyberattack can occur when a vulnerability is successfully exploited. OWASP mobile Top 10 has recorded as many as 10 vulnerabilities that are most commonly found in mobile applications. In the others, android permissions also have the potential to cause vulnerabilities. Therefore, an overview of the profile of the mobile banking application becomes an urgency that needs to be known. So that it is expected to be a consideration of the parties involved for improving security. In this study, an experiment has been conducted to capture the profile of the mobile banking applications in Indonesia based on android permission and OWASP mobile top 10 2016. The results show that there are six basic vulnerabilities based on OWASP Mobile Top 10 that are most commonly found in mobile banking applications in Indonesia, i.e. M1:Improper Platform Usage, M2:Insecure Data Storage, M3:Insecure Communication, M5:Insufficient Cryptography, M7:Client Code Quality, and M9:Reverse Engineering. The most permitted android permissions are the internet, status network access, and telephone read status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20banking%20application" title="mobile banking application">mobile banking application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OWASP%20mobile%20top%2010%202016" title=" OWASP mobile top 10 2016"> OWASP mobile top 10 2016</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=android%20permission" title=" android permission"> android permission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitive%20information" title=" sensitive information"> sensitive information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20loss" title=" financial loss"> financial loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118937/security-report-profiling-for-mobile-banking-applications-in-indonesia-based-on-owasp-mobile-top-10-2016" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) on Mount Ungaran: Are their Habitat Threatened?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margareta%20Rahayuningsih">Margareta Rahayuningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nugroho%20Edi%20K."> Nugroho Edi K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Alimah"> Siti Alimah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) is the one of hornbill species (Family: Bucerotidae) that found on Mount Ungaran. In the preservation or planning in situ conservation of Wreathed Hornbill require the habitat condition data. The objective of the research was to determine the land cover change on Mount Ungaran using satellite image data and GIS. Based on the land cover data on 1999-2009 the research showed that the primer forest on Mount Ungaran was decreased almost 50%, while the seconder forest, tea and coffee plantation, and the settlement were increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mount%20Ungaran" title=" Mount Ungaran"> Mount Ungaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threatened%20habitat" title=" threatened habitat"> threatened habitat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wreathed%20Hornbill%20%28Rhyticeros%20undulatus%29" title=" Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) "> Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27273/wreathed-hornbill-rhyticeros-undulatus-on-mount-ungaran-are-their-habitat-threatened" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Proposal of Design Method in the Semi-Acausal System Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama">Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junji%20Kaneko"> Junji Kaneko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadayuki%20Kyoutani"> Tadayuki Kyoutani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhana%20Omar"> Siti Ruhana Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is used as a definition method to the value and function in manufacturing sector. In concurrence of discussion about present condition of modeling method, until now definition of 1D-CAE is ambiguity and not conceptual. Across all the physics fields, those methods are defined with the formulation of differential algebraic equation which only applied time derivation and simulation. At the same time, we propose semi-acausal modeling concept and differential algebraic equation method as a newly modeling method which the efficiency has been verified through the comparison of numerical analysis result between the semi-acausal modeling calculation and FEM theory calculation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20model" title="system model">system model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20models" title=" physical models"> physical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20models" title=" empirical models"> empirical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20law" title=" conservation law"> conservation law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20algebraic%20equation" title=" differential algebraic equation"> differential algebraic equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object-oriented" title=" object-oriented"> object-oriented</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24516/proposal-of-design-method-in-the-semi-acausal-system-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Isolation and Identification of Compounds from the Leaves of Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. F. Var. Glabra (Lauraceae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Hanita">O. Hanita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Ainnul%20Hamidah"> S. A. Ainnul Hamidah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Yang%20Zalila"> A. H. Yang Zalila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Siti%20Nadiah"> M. R. Siti Nadiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Najihah"> M. H. Najihah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hapipah"> M. A. Hapipah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crude extract of the leaves of Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. F. Var. Glabra (Kochummen), was taken under phytochemical investigation. The crude methanolic extract was partitioned with a different solvent system by increasing their polarities (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol). The compounds were fractionated and isolated from n-hexane partition by using column chromatography with silica gel 60 or Sephadex LH-20 as a stationary phase and preparative thin layer chromatographic technique. Isolates were characterized using TLC, FTIR, UV spectrophotometer and NMR spectroscopy. The n-hexane fractionates yielded a total of four compounds namely N-methyllaurotetanine (1), dicentrine (2), β-sitosterol (3), and stigmasterol (4). The result indicates that the leaves of Actinodaphne sesquipedalis may provide a rich source of alkaloids and triterpenoids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actinodaphne%20sesquipedalis" title="actinodaphne sesquipedalis">actinodaphne sesquipedalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaloids" title=" alkaloids"> alkaloids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20investigation" title=" phytochemical investigation"> phytochemical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triterpenoids" title=" triterpenoids"> triterpenoids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20389/isolation-and-identification-of-compounds-from-the-leaves-of-actinodaphne-sesquipedalis-hook-f-var-glabra-lauraceae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Social Media Engagement in Academic Library to Advocate Participatory Service towards Dynamic Learning Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Marlia%20Abd%20Rahim">Siti Marlia Abd Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mad%20Khir%20Johari%20Abdullah%20Sani"> Mad Khir Johari Abdullah Sani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-increasing use of social media applications by library users has raised concerns about the purpose and effectiveness of these platforms in academic libraries. While social media has the potential to revolutionize library services, its usage for non-educational purposes and security concerns have hindered its full potential. This paper aims to address the user behavioral factors affecting social media engagement in academic libraries and examine the impact of social media engagement on user participation. Additionally, it seeks to measure the effect of user participation in social media on the development of powerful learning communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20adoption" title="social media adoption">social media adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20engagement" title=" social media engagement"> social media engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20library" title=" academic library"> academic library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20in%20academic%20library" title=" social media in academic library"> social media in academic library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20community" title=" learning community"> learning community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170952/social-media-engagement-in-academic-library-to-advocate-participatory-service-towards-dynamic-learning-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Non-Destructive Prediction System Using near Infrared Spectroscopy for Crude Palm Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nurhidayah%20Naqiah%20Abdull%20Rani">Siti Nurhidayah Naqiah Abdull Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Herlina Abdul Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has always been of great interest in the food and agriculture industries. The development of predictive models has facilitated the estimation process in recent years. In this research, 176 crude palm oil (CPO) samples acquired from Felda Johor Bulker Sdn Bhd were studied. A FOSS NIRSystem was used to tak e absorbance measurements from the sample. The wavelength range for the spectral measurement is taken at 1600nm to 1900nm. Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) prediction model with 50 optimal number of principal components was implemented to study the relationship between the measured Free Fatty Acid (FFA) values and the measured spectral absorption. PLSR showed predictive ability of FFA values with correlative coefficient (R) of 0.9808 for the training set and 0.9684 for the testing set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil" title="palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIRS" title=" NIRS"> NIRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLSR" title=" PLSR"> PLSR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79918/non-destructive-prediction-system-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy-for-crude-palm-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Free Fatty Acid Assessment of Crude Palm Oil Using a Non-Destructive Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nurhidayah%20Naqiah%20Abdull%20Rani">Siti Nurhidayah Naqiah Abdull Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Herlina Abdul Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashidah%20Ghazali"> Rashidah Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noramli%20Abdul%20Razak"> Noramli Abdul Razak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has always been of great interest in the food and agriculture industries. The development of prediction models has facilitated the estimation process in recent years. In this study, 110 crude palm oil (CPO) samples were used to build a free fatty acid (FFA) prediction model. 60% of the collected data were used for training purposes and the remaining 40% used for testing. The visible peaks on the NIR spectrum were at 1725 nm and 1760 nm, indicating the existence of the first overtone of C-H bands. Principal component regression (PCR) was applied to the data in order to build this mathematical prediction model. The optimal number of principal components was 10. The results showed R2=0.7147 for the training set and R2=0.6404 for the testing set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil" title="palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIRS" title=" NIRS"> NIRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13718/free-fatty-acid-assessment-of-crude-palm-oil-using-a-non-destructive-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> The Effectiveness of Bismuth Addition to Retard the Intermetallic Compound Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Siti%20Rabiatull%20Aisha">I. Siti Rabiatull Aisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ourdjini"> A. Ourdjini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Saliza%20Azlina"> O. Saliza Azlina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to study the effectiveness of bismuth addition in the solder alloy to retard the intermetallic compound formation and growth. In this study, three categories of solders such as Sn-4Ag-<em>x</em>Cu (<em>x</em> = 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) and Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu-<em>x</em>Bi (<em>x</em> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) were used. Ni/Au surface finish substrates were dipped into the molten solder at a temperature of 180-190 <sup>o</sup>C and allowed to cool at room temperature. The intermetallic compound (IMCs) were subjected to the characterization in terms of composition and morphology. The IMC phases were identified by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), whereas the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe microstructure evolution of the solder joint. The results clearly showed that copper concentration dependency was high during the reflow stage. Besides, only Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub> and Ni<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub> were detected for all copper concentrations. The addition of Bi was found to have no significant effect on the type of IMCs formed, but yet the grain became further refined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bismuth%20addition" title="Bismuth addition">Bismuth addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20compound" title=" intermetallic compound"> intermetallic compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46079/the-effectiveness-of-bismuth-addition-to-retard-the-intermetallic-compound-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Development of Extended Trapezoidal Method for Numerical Solution of Volterra Integro-Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuziyah%20Ishak">Fuziyah Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Norazura%20Ahmad"> Siti Norazura Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Volterra integro-differential equations appear in many models for real life phenomena. Since analytical solutions for this type of differential equations are hard and at times impossible to attain, engineers and scientists resort to numerical solutions that can be made as accurately as possible. Conventionally, numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are adapted to solve Volterra integro-differential equations. In this paper, numerical solution for solving Volterra integro-differential equation using extended trapezoidal method is described. Formulae for the integral and differential parts of the equation are presented. Numerical results show that the extended method is suitable for solving first order Volterra integro-differential equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title="accuracy">accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20trapezoidal%20method" title=" extended trapezoidal method"> extended trapezoidal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20solution" title=" numerical solution"> numerical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volterra%20integro-differential%20equations" title=" Volterra integro-differential equations"> Volterra integro-differential equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52856/development-of-extended-trapezoidal-method-for-numerical-solution-of-volterra-integro-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Aerodynamic Sound from a Sawtooth Plate with Different Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhliah%20Lizarose%20Samion">Siti Ruhliah Lizarose Samion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sukri%20Mat%20Ali"> Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of sawtooth plate thickness on the aerodynamic noise generated in flow at a Reynolds number of 150 is numerically investigated. Two types of plate thickness (hthick=0.2D and hthin=0.02D) are proposed. Flow simulations are carried out using Direct Numerical Simulation, whereas the calculation of aerodynamic noise radiated from the flow is solved using Curle’s equation. It is found that the flow behavior of thin sawtooth plate, consisting counter-rotating-vortices, is more complex than that of the thick plate. This then explains well the generated sound in both plates cases. Sound generated from thin plat is approximately 0.5 dB lower than the thick plate. Findings from current study provide better understanding of the flow and noise behavior in edge serrations via understanding the case of a sawtooth plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20sound" title="aerodynamic sound">aerodynamic sound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluff%20body" title=" bluff body"> bluff body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sawtooth%20plate" title=" sawtooth plate"> sawtooth plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Curle%20analogy" title=" Curle analogy"> Curle analogy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62349/aerodynamic-sound-from-a-sawtooth-plate-with-different-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Production of Banana Milk Powder Using Spray and Freeze Dryer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Noor%20Suzila%20Maqsood-Ul-Haque">Siti Noor Suzila Maqsood-Ul-Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ummi%20Kalthum%20Ibrahim"> Ummi Kalthum Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norekanadirah%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Norekanadirah Abdul Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banana are rich in vitamins, potassium and carbohydrate.The objective for this research work is to produce banana milk powder that can help children that suffers from constipation. Two types of the most common dryers used for this purpose are the spray and freeze dryer. The effects of the type of dryers, pump feed speed in the spray dryer and the ratio proportion of the banana milk powder were investigated in the study. The result indicate that increasing proportion ratio of the banana milk powder produce lower yield of the powder.From the result it is also concluded that speed 2 is more suitable in the production of the banana milk powder since the value of the moisture content is lower. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze%20dryer" title="freeze dryer">freeze dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20dryer" title=" spray dryer"> spray dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolution" title=" dissolution"> dissolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana" title=" banana"> banana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title=" milk"> milk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23240/production-of-banana-milk-powder-using-spray-and-freeze-dryer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Uneven Development: Structural Changes and Income Outcomes across States in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Aiysyah%20Tumin">Siti Aiysyah Tumin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper looks at the nature of structural changes—the transition of employment from agriculture, to manufacturing, then to different types of services—in different states in Malaysia and links it to income outcomes for households and workers. Specifically, this paper investigates the conditional association between the concentration of different economic activities and income outcomes (household incomes and employee wages) in almost four decades. Using publicly available state-level employment and income data, we found that significant wage premium was associated with “modern” services (finance, real estate, professional, information and communication), which are urban-based services sectors that employ a larger proportion of skilled and educated workers. However, employment in manufacturing and other services subsectors was significantly associated with a lower income dispersion and inequality, alluding to their importance in welfare improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title="employment">employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20market" title=" labor market"> labor market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20change" title=" structural change"> structural change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage" title=" wage"> wage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124662/uneven-development-structural-changes-and-income-outcomes-across-states-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span 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