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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pioneering work in nuclear chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pioneering_work_in_nuclear_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_contributions_during_the_Manhattan_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_contributions_during_the_Manhattan_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scientific contributions during the Manhattan Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_contributions_during_the_Manhattan_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professor_and_Chancellor_at_the_University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professor_and_Chancellor_at_the_University_of_California,_Berkeley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Professor and Chancellor at the University of California, Berkeley</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professor_and_Chancellor_at_the_University_of_California,_Berkeley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Atomic_Energy_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairman_of_the_Atomic_Energy_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Atomic_Energy_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Return to California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Selected bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Glenn T. Seaborg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="غلين سيبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلين سيبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qlenn_Teodor_Siborq" title="Qlenn Teodor Siborq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qlenn Teodor Siborq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="قلن سیبورق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قلن سیبورق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="গ্লেন থিওডোর সিবর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্লেন থিওডোর সিবর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Глен Тэадор Сібарг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глен Тэадор Сібарг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Глен Сиборг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глен Сиборг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Glenn Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CE%98._%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γκλεν Θ. Σίμποργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκλεν Θ. Σίμποργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="گلن سیبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلن سیبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A0%8C_T._%EC%8B%9C%EB%B3%B4%EA%B7%B8" title="글렌 T. 시보그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="글렌 T. 시보그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Գլեն Սիբորգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլեն Սիբորգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="ग्लेन थियोडोर सीबोर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्लेन थियोडोर सीबोर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glenn Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Glenn Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="גלן תיאודור סיבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלן תיאודור סיבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="გლენ თეოდორ სიბორგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გლენ თეოდორ სიბორგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodorus_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodorus Seaborg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Glenn Theodorus Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenns_S%C4%ABborgs" title="Glenns Sīborgs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Glenns Sīborgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്ലെൻ ടി. സീബോർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്ലെൻ ടി. സീബോർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="გლენ თეოდორ სიბორგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გლენ თეოდორ სიბორგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="جلين سيبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جلين سيبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="گلن سیبورگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گلن سیبورگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Glenn Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="グレン・シーボーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレン・シーボーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="گلین سیبورگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گلین سیبورگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%BC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%89%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AB" title="ګلن ټیوډور سیبورګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګلن ټیوډور سیبورګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Glenn Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сиборг, Гленн Теодор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сиборг, Гленн Теодор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Glenn Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A2._%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Глен Т. Сиборг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глен Т. Сиборг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF._%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="கிளென் டி. சீபார்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிளென் டி. சீபார்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Гленн Теодор Сиборг – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гленн Теодор Сиборг" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5._%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="เกลนน์ ที. ซีบอร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกลนน์ ที. ซีบอร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Гленн Теодор Сіборг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гленн Теодор Сіборг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="گلین ٹی سی بورگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلین ٹی سی بورگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Glenn Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%9A%E6%A0%BC" title="格伦·西奥多·西博格 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格伦·西奥多·西博格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Glenn T. Seaborg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%9A%E6%A0%BC" title="格倫·西奧多·西博格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格倫·西奧多·西博格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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Seaborg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg/220px-Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg/330px-Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg/440px-Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="2949" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seaborg in 1964</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Glen Theodore Seaborg</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1912-04-19</span>)</span>April 19, 1912<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ishpeming,_Michigan" title="Ishpeming, Michigan">Ishpeming, Michigan</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 25, 1999<span style="display:none">(1999-02-25)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_California" title="Lafayette, California">Lafayette, California</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Contributions to the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten <a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">transuranium elements</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Helen_L._Seaborg" title="Helen L. Seaborg">Helen L. Seaborg</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/David_Seaborg" title="David Seaborg">David</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Award_in_Pure_Chemistry" title="ACS Award in Pure Chemistry">ACS Award in Pure Chemistry</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Member of the National Academy of Sciences">Member of the National Academy of Sciences</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centenary_Prize" title="Centenary Prize">Centenary Prize</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkin_Medal" title="Perkin Medal">Perkin Medal</a> (1957)<sup id="cite_ref-SCI_Perkin_Medal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI_Perkin_Medal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Award" title="Enrico Fermi Award">Enrico Fermi Award</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Medal" title="Franklin Medal">Franklin Medal</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Gibbs_Award" title="Willard Gibbs Award">Willard Gibbs Award</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestley_Medal" title="Priestley Medal">Priestley Medal</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Member_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Member of the Royal Society">Foreign Member of the Royal Society</a> (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush_Award" title="Vannevar Bush Award">Vannevar Bush Award</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry" title="Nuclear chemistry">Nuclear chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Atomic_Energy_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="US Atomic Energy Commission">US Atomic Energy Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/301774846/">The interaction of fast neutrons with lead</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1937)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Ernest_Gibson" title="George Ernest Gibson">George Ernest Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Newton_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Newton Lewis">Gilbert Newton Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._James" title="Ralph A. James">Ralph Arthur James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Kennedy" title="Joseph W. Kennedy">Joseph William Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Rauscher" title="Elizabeth Rauscher">Elizabeth Rauscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wahl" title="Arthur Wahl">Arthur Wahl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Melhase" title="Margaret Melhase">Margaret Melhase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">United States Atomic Energy Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 1, 1961 – August 16, 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_A._McCone" title="John A. McCone">John McCone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1958–1961</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Kerr" title="Clark Kerr">Clark Kerr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Strong" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward W. Strong">Edward W. Strong</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn_T_Seaborg_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Glenn_T_Seaborg_signature.svg/150px-Glenn_T_Seaborg_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Glenn_T_Seaborg_signature.svg/225px-Glenn_T_Seaborg_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Glenn_T_Seaborg_signature.svg/300px-Glenn_T_Seaborg_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="163" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Glenn Theodore Seaborg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SEE</span>-borg</i></a>; April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element">synthesis</a>, discovery and investigation of ten <a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">transuranium elements</a> earned him a share of the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Prize-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work in this area also led to his development of the <a href="/wiki/Actinide_concept" title="Actinide concept">actinide concept</a> and the arrangement of the <a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">actinide</a> series in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_of_the_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table of the elements">periodic table of the elements</a>. </p><p>Seaborg spent most of his career as an educator and research scientist at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, serving as a professor, and, between 1958 and 1961, as the university's second chancellor.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He advised ten US presidents—from <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>—on nuclear policy and was Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">United States Atomic Energy Commission</a> from 1961 to 1971, where he pushed for commercial <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a> and the peaceful applications of nuclear science. Throughout his career, Seaborg worked for arms control. He was a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Franck_Report" title="Franck Report">Franck Report</a> and contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Limited_Test_Ban_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited Test Ban Treaty">Limited Test Ban Treaty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Test_Ban_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty</a>. He was a well-known advocate of science education and federal funding for pure research. Toward the end of the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower administration">Eisenhower administration</a>, he was the principal author of the Seaborg Report on academic science, and, as a member of President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_Excellence_in_Education" title="National Commission on Excellence in Education">National Commission on Excellence in Education</a>, he was a key contributor to its 1983 report "<a href="/wiki/A_Nation_at_Risk" title="A Nation at Risk">A Nation at Risk</a>". </p><p>Seaborg was the principal or co-discoverer of ten elements: <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">americium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">curium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">berkelium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">californium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">einsteinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">fermium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">mendelevium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">nobelium</a> and element 106, which, while he was still living, was named <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">seaborgium</a> in his honor. He said about this naming, "This is the greatest honor ever bestowed upon me—even better, I think, than winning the Nobel Prize. Future students of chemistry, in learning about the periodic table, may have reason to ask why the element was named for me, and thereby learn more about my work."<sup id="cite_ref-seaborg.ucla.edu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seaborg.ucla.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also discovered more than 100 <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> of transuranium elements and is credited with important contributions to the chemistry of plutonium, originally as part of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> where he developed the extraction process used to isolate the plutonium fuel for the <a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">implosion-type atomic bomb</a>. Early in his career, he was a pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a> and discovered isotopes of elements with important applications in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, including <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">iodine-131</a>, which is used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_disease" title="Thyroid disease">thyroid disease</a>. In addition to his theoretical work in the development of the actinide concept, which placed the actinide series beneath the <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanide</a> series on the periodic table, he postulated the existence of super-heavy elements in the <a href="/wiki/Transactinide" class="mw-redirect" title="Transactinide">transactinide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Superactinide" class="mw-redirect" title="Superactinide">superactinide</a> series. </p><p>After sharing the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a>, he received approximately 50 honorary doctorates and numerous other <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg_(awards_and_honors)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn T. Seaborg (awards and honors)">awards and honors</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="List of things named after Glenn T. Seaborg">list of things named after Seaborg</a> ranges from the chemical element <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">seaborgium</a> to the asteroid <a href="/wiki/4856_Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="4856 Seaborg">4856 Seaborg</a>. He was a <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg_(Publications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn T. Seaborg (Publications)">prolific author</a>, penning numerous books and 500 journal articles, often in collaboration with others. He was once listed in the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of World Records">Guinness Book of World Records</a> as the person with the longest entry in <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Who's Who in America">Who's Who in America</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-seaborg.ucla.edu_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seaborg.ucla.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glenn Theodore Seaborg was born in <a href="/wiki/Ishpeming,_Michigan" title="Ishpeming, Michigan">Ishpeming, Michigan</a>, on April 19, 1912, the son of Herman Theodore (Ted) and Selma Olivia Erickson Seaborg. He had one sister, Jeanette, who was two years younger. His family spoke Swedish at home. When Glenn Seaborg was a boy, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County, California</a>, settling in a subdivision called <a href="/wiki/Seaborg_Home" title="Seaborg Home">Home Gardens</a>, later annexed to the City of <a href="/wiki/South_Gate,_California" title="South Gate, California">South Gate, California</a>. About this time he changed the spelling of his first name from Glen to Glenn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007330_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007330-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg kept a daily journal from 1927 until he suffered a stroke in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007336_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007336-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a youth, Seaborg was both a devoted sports fan and an avid movie buff. His mother encouraged him to become a bookkeeper as she felt his literary interests were impractical. He did not take an interest in science until his junior year when he was inspired by Dwight Logan Reid, a chemistry and physics teacher at <a href="/wiki/Jordan_High_School_(Los_Angeles,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan High School (Los Angeles, California)">David Starr Jordan High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Watts,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Watts, Los Angeles, California">Watts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200113–14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200113–14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg graduated from Jordan in 1929 at the top of his class and received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007330_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007330-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked his way through school as a stevedore and a laboratory assistant at <a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200115,_29_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200115,_29-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg received his PhD in chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, in 1937 with a doctoral thesis on the "Interaction of Fast Neutrons with Lead",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200140_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thesis-seaborg-1937_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-seaborg-1937-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he coined the term "nuclear <a href="/wiki/Spallation" title="Spallation">spallation</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Argonne_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Argonne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg was a member of the professional chemistry fraternity <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Chi_Sigma" title="Alpha Chi Sigma">Alpha Chi Sigma</a>. As a graduate student in the 1930s Seaborg performed <a href="/wiki/Wet_chemistry" title="Wet chemistry">wet chemistry</a> research for his advisor <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Newton_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Newton Lewis">Gilbert Newton Lewis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Argonne_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Argonne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and published three papers with him on the theory of <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">bases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg studied the text <i><a href="/wiki/Applied_Radiochemistry" title="Applied Radiochemistry">Applied Radiochemistry</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Institute">Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry</a> in Berlin, and it had a major impact on his developing interests as a research scientist. For several years, Seaborg conducted important research in artificial <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactivity</a> using the Lawrence <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a> at UC Berkeley. He was excited to learn from others that <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a> was possible—but also chagrined, as his own research might have led him to the same discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200157–59_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200157–59-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg also became an adept interlocutor of Berkeley physicist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a>. Oppenheimer had a daunting reputation and often answered a junior colleague's question before it had even been stated. Often the question answered was more profound than the one asked, but of little practical help. Seaborg learned to state his questions to Oppenheimer quickly and succinctly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200126_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200126-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pioneering_work_in_nuclear_chemistry">Pioneering work in nuclear chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pioneering work in nuclear chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seaborg_in_lab_-_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Seaborg_in_lab_-_restoration.jpg/220px-Seaborg_in_lab_-_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Seaborg_in_lab_-_restoration.jpg/330px-Seaborg_in_lab_-_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Seaborg_in_lab_-_restoration.jpg/440px-Seaborg_in_lab_-_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3214" data-file-height="3999" /></a><figcaption>Seaborg in 1950, with the <a href="/wiki/Ion_exchange" title="Ion exchange">ion exchanger</a> elution column of <a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">actinide</a> elements</figcaption></figure> <p>Seaborg remained at the University of California, Berkeley, for post-doctoral research. He followed <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a>'s work investigating <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> and contributed to the discovery of more than 100 isotopes of elements. Using one of Lawrence's advanced cyclotrons, <a href="/wiki/John_Livingood" class="mw-redirect" title="John Livingood">John Livingood</a>, Fred Fairbrother, and Seaborg created a new isotope of iron, <a href="/wiki/Iron-59" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-59">iron-59</a> in 1937. Iron-59 was useful in the studies of the <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a> in human blood. In 1938, Livingood and Seaborg collaborated (as they did for five years) to create an important isotope of <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodine-131" title="Iodine-131">iodine-131</a>, which is still used to treat <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> disease.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Many years later, it was credited with prolonging the life of Seaborg's mother.) As a result of these and other contributions, Seaborg is regarded as a pioneer in nuclear medicine and is one of its most prolific discoverers of isotopes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939 he became an instructor in chemistry at Berkeley, was promoted to assistant professor in 1941 and professor in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> University of California, Berkeley, physicist <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> led a team that discovered element 93, which he named <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> in 1940. In November, he was persuaded to leave Berkeley temporarily to assist with urgent research in <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> technology. Since Seaborg and his colleagues had perfected McMillan's oxidation-reduction technique for isolating neptunium, he asked McMillan for permission to continue the research and search for element 94. McMillan agreed to the collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg first reported <a href="/wiki/Alpha_decay" title="Alpha decay">alpha decay</a> proportionate to only a fraction of the element 93 under observation. The first hypothesis for this <a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">alpha particle</a> accumulation was contamination by uranium, which produces alpha-decay particles; analysis of alpha-decay particles ruled this out. Seaborg then postulated that a distinct alpha-producing element was being formed from element 93.<sup id="cite_ref-An_Elementary_Problem_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_Elementary_Problem-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1941, Seaborg and his collaborators produced <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239">plutonium-239</a> through the bombardment of uranium. In their experiments bombarding uranium with <a href="/wiki/Deuteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteron">deuterons</a>, they observed the creation of neptunium, element 93. But it then underwent beta-decay, forming a new element, plutonium, with 94 protons. Plutonium is fairly stable, but undergoes alpha-decay, which explained the presence of alpha particles coming from neptunium.<sup id="cite_ref-An_Elementary_Problem_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_Elementary_Problem-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, on March 28, 1941, Seaborg, physicist <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> and Berkeley chemist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Kennedy" title="Joseph W. Kennedy">Joseph W. Kennedy</a> were able to show that <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> (then known only as element 94) was <a href="/wiki/Fissile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fissile">fissile</a>, an important distinction that was crucial to the decisions made in directing <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> research.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200177–79_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200177–79-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, Room 307 of <a href="/wiki/Gilman_Hall" title="Gilman Hall">Gilman Hall</a> on the campus at the Berkeley, where Seaborg did his work, was declared a US <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to plutonium, he is credited as a lead discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">americium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">curium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">berkelium</a>, and as a co-discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">californium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">einsteinium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">fermium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">mendelevium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">nobelium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">seaborgium</a>, the first element named after a living person.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He shared the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 1951 with Edwin McMillan for "their discoveries in the chemistry of the first transuranium elements."<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Prize-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_contributions_during_the_Manhattan_Project">Scientific contributions during the Manhattan Project</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scientific contributions during the Manhattan Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 19, 1942, Seaborg reached Chicago and joined the chemistry group at the <a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="Metallurgical Laboratory">Metallurgical Laboratory</a> of the Manhattan Project at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> and his group would later convert <a href="/wiki/Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238">uranium-238</a> to plutonium-239 in a controlled <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_chain_reaction" title="Nuclear chain reaction">nuclear chain reaction</a>. Seaborg's role was to figure out how to extract the tiny bit of plutonium from the mass of <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>. Plutonium-239 was isolated in visible amounts using a transmutation reaction on August 20, 1942, and weighed on September 10, 1942, in Seaborg's <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Jones_Laboratory" title="George Herbert Jones Laboratory">Chicago laboratory</a>. He was responsible for the multi-stage chemical process that separated, concentrated and isolated plutonium. This process was further developed at the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Engineering_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Engineering Works">Clinton Engineering Works</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge, Tennessee</a>, and then entered full-scale production at the <a href="/wiki/Hanford_Engineer_Works" title="Hanford Engineer Works">Hanford Engineer Works</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Richland,_Washington" title="Richland, Washington">Richland, Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg's theoretical development of the <a href="/wiki/Actinide_concept" title="Actinide concept">actinide concept</a> resulted in a redrawing of the periodic table into its current configuration with the <a href="/wiki/Actinide_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinide series">actinide series</a> appearing below the <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanide series">lanthanide series</a>. Seaborg developed the chemical elements americium and curium while in Chicago. He managed to secure patents for both elements. His patent on curium never proved commercially viable because of the element's short half-life, but americium is commonly used in household <a href="/wiki/Smoke_detectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoke detectors">smoke detectors</a> and thus provided a good source of royalty income to Seaborg in later years. Prior to the test of the first nuclear weapon, Seaborg joined with several other leading scientists in a written statement known as the <a href="/wiki/Franck_Report" title="Franck Report">Franck Report</a> (secret at the time but since published) unsuccessfully calling on President Truman to conduct a public demonstration of the atomic bomb witnessed by the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhodes1986320,_340–43,_348,_354,_369,_377,_395_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhodes1986320,_340–43,_348,_354,_369,_377,_395-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professor_and_Chancellor_at_the_University_of_California,_Berkeley"><span id="Professor_and_Chancellor_at_the_University_of_California.2C_Berkeley"></span>Professor and Chancellor at the University of California, Berkeley</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Professor and Chancellor at the University of California, Berkeley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn_Seaborg_at_Nevada_Test_Site_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Glenn_Seaborg_at_Nevada_Test_Site_3.jpg/220px-Glenn_Seaborg_at_Nevada_Test_Site_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Glenn_Seaborg_at_Nevada_Test_Site_3.jpg/330px-Glenn_Seaborg_at_Nevada_Test_Site_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Glenn_Seaborg_at_Nevada_Test_Site_3.jpg/440px-Glenn_Seaborg_at_Nevada_Test_Site_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Seaborg (second from left) during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plumbbob" title="Operation Plumbbob">Operation Plumbbob</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the conclusion of World War II and the Manhattan Project, Seaborg was eager to return to academic life and university research free from the restrictions of wartime secrecy. In 1946, he added to his responsibilities as a professor by heading the nuclear chemistry research at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory operated by the University of California on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">United States Atomic Energy Commission</a> (AEC). Seaborg was named one of the "Ten Outstanding Young Men in America" by the US Junior Chamber of Commerce in 1947 (along with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and others). Seaborg was elected a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Member of the National Academy of Sciences">Member of the National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1948. From 1954 to 1961 he served as associate director of the radiation laboratory. He was appointed by President Truman to serve as a member of the General Advisory Committee of the AEC, an assignment he retained until 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007333–334_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007333–334-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg served as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">chancellor</a> at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1958 to 1961. His term coincided with a relaxation of <a href="/wiki/McCarthy-era" class="mw-redirect" title="McCarthy-era">McCarthy-era</a> restrictions on students' freedom of expression that had begun under his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Kerr" title="Clark Kerr">Clark Kerr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001174–179_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001174–179-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1958, Seaborg announced that the university had relaxed its prior prohibitions on political activity on a trial basis,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ban on <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communists</a> speaking on campus was lifted. This paved the way for the <a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_Movement" title="Free Speech Movement">Free Speech Movement</a> of 1964–65.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001174–179_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001174–179-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg was an enthusiastic supporter of Cal's sports teams. San Francisco columnist <a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a> was fond of pointing out that Seaborg's surname is an anagram of "Go Bears", a popular cheer at UC Berkeley.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg was proud of the fact that the <a href="/wiki/California_Golden_Bears_men%27s_basketball" title="California Golden Bears men's basketball">Cal Bears</a> won their first and only <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (NCAA) basketball championship in 1959, while he was chancellor. The <a href="/wiki/California_Golden_Bears_football" title="California Golden Bears football">football team</a> also won the conference title and played in the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game" title="Rose Bowl Game">Rose Bowl</a> that year.<sup id="cite_ref-sports_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sports-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served on the Faculty Athletic Committee for several years and was the co-author of a book, <i>Roses from the Ashes: Breakup and Rebirth in Pacific Coast Intercollegiate Athletics</i> (2000), concerning the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Conference" title="Pacific Coast Conference">Pacific Coast Conference</a> recruiting scandal, and the founding of what is now the <a href="/wiki/Pac-12_Conference" title="Pac-12 Conference">Pac-12</a>, in which he played a role in restoring confidence in the integrity of collegiate sports.<sup id="cite_ref-sports_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sports-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg served on the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Science_Advisory_Committee" title="President's Science Advisory Committee">President's Science Advisory Committee</a> (PSAC) during the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower administration">Eisenhower administration</a>. PSAC produced a report on "Scientific Progress, the Universities, and the Federal Government", also known as the "Seaborg Report", in November 1960, that urged greater federal funding of science.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, he helped found the Berkeley <a href="/wiki/Space_Sciences_Laboratory" title="Space Sciences Laboratory">Space Sciences Laboratory</a> with Clark Kerr.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SeaborgJFK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SeaborgJFK.jpg/220px-SeaborgJFK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SeaborgJFK.jpg/330px-SeaborgJFK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SeaborgJFK.jpg/440px-SeaborgJFK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: Chairman Seaborg, President Kennedy, Secretary McNamara on March 23, 1962. By this point, McNamara and Seaborg had been discussing the AEC's studies on the ecological effects of nuclear war and "clean" weapon alternatives. (Courtesy: <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a>, Original: <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chairman_of_the_Atomic_Energy_Commission">Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After appointment by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and confirmation by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, Seaborg was chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 1961 to 1971. His pending appointment by <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">President-elect</a> Kennedy was nearly derailed in late 1960 when members of the Kennedy transition team learned that Seaborg had been listed in a <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i> article as a member of "Nixon's Idea Men". Seaborg said that as a lifetime <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> he was baffled when the article appeared associating him with outgoing Vice President Richard Nixon, a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> whom Seaborg considered a casual acquaintance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001181_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001181-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early 1960s, Seaborg became concerned with the ecological and biological effects of nuclear weapons, especially those that would impact human life significantly. In response, he commissioned the Technical Analysis Branch of the AEC to study these matters further.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg's provision for these innovative studies led the US Government to more seriously pursue the development and possible use of "clean" nuclear weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seaborg_kennedy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Seaborg_kennedy.jpg/220px-Seaborg_kennedy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Seaborg_kennedy.jpg/330px-Seaborg_kennedy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Seaborg_kennedy.jpg/440px-Seaborg_kennedy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>President Kennedy and his Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, Glenn Seaborg</figcaption></figure> <p>While chairman of the AEC, Seaborg participated on the negotiating team for the <a href="/wiki/Limited_Test_Ban_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited Test Ban Treaty">Limited Test Ban Treaty</a> (LTBT), in which the US, UK, and <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> agreed to ban all above-ground test detonations of nuclear weapons. Seaborg considered his contributions to the achievement of the LTBT as one of his greatest accomplishments. Despite strict rules from the Soviets about photography at the signing ceremony, Seaborg used a tiny camera to take a close-up photograph of Soviet Premier <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> as he signed the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg enjoyed a close relationship with President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> and influenced the administration to pursue the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001200–206_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001200–206-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg was called to the White House in the first week of the Nixon Administration in January 1969 to advise President Richard Nixon on his first diplomatic crisis involving the Soviets and nuclear testing. He clashed with Nixon presidential adviser <a href="/wiki/John_Ehrlichman" title="John Ehrlichman">John Ehrlichman</a> over the treatment of a Jewish scientist, <a href="/wiki/Zalman_Shapiro" title="Zalman Shapiro">Zalman Shapiro</a>, whom the Nixon administration suspected of leaking nuclear secrets to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001218–221_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001218–221-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg published several books and journal articles during his tenure at the AEC. He predicted the existence of elements beyond those on the periodic table,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Transactinide" class="mw-redirect" title="Transactinide">transactinide</a> series and the <a href="/wiki/Superactinide" class="mw-redirect" title="Superactinide">superactinide</a> series of undiscovered synthetic elements. While most of these theoretical future elements have extremely short half-lives and thus no expected practical applications, he also hypothesized the existence of stable super-heavy isotopes of certain elements in an <a href="/wiki/Island_of_stability" title="Island of stability">island of stability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg served as chairman of the AEC until 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Glenn_Seaborg_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Glenn_Seaborg-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_California">Return to California</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Return to California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Left_to_right_Dixy_Lee_Ray_(1914-1994)_and_Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg_(1912-1999)_(6891627661).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Left_to_right_Dixy_Lee_Ray_%281914-1994%29_and_Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg_%281912-1999%29_%286891627661%29.jpg/220px-Left_to_right_Dixy_Lee_Ray_%281914-1994%29_and_Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg_%281912-1999%29_%286891627661%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Left_to_right_Dixy_Lee_Ray_%281914-1994%29_and_Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg_%281912-1999%29_%286891627661%29.jpg/330px-Left_to_right_Dixy_Lee_Ray_%281914-1994%29_and_Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg_%281912-1999%29_%286891627661%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Left_to_right_Dixy_Lee_Ray_%281914-1994%29_and_Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg_%281912-1999%29_%286891627661%29.jpg/440px-Left_to_right_Dixy_Lee_Ray_%281914-1994%29_and_Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg_%281912-1999%29_%286891627661%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1635" /></a><figcaption>Seaborg (right) with marine biologist <a href="/wiki/Dixy_Lee_Ray" title="Dixy Lee Ray">Dixy Lee Ray</a> on September 17, 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>Following his service as Chairman of the AEC, Seaborg returned to UC Berkeley where he was awarded the position of University Professor. At the time, there had been fewer University Professors at UC Berkeley than Nobel Prize winners. He also served as Chairman of the Lawrence Hall of Science where he became the principal investigator for Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> working with director Jacqueline Barber. Seaborg served as chancellor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, from 1958 to 1961, and served as president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> in 1972 and as president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, he <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation" title="Nuclear transmutation">transmuted</a> several thousand <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bismuth-209" title="Bismuth-209">bismuth-209</a> into gold (<span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gold-197" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold-197"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">197</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Au</a></span>) at the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory</a>. His experimental technique, using the lab's <a href="/wiki/Bevalac" class="mw-redirect" title="Bevalac">Bevalac</a> <a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">particle accelerator</a>, was able to remove <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> from the bismuth atoms by bombarding it with carbon and neon nuclei traveling near the speed of light.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg's technique would have been far too expensive to enable routine manufacturing of gold, but his work was close to the mythical <a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher's Stone">Philosopher's Stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As gold has four fewer protons and (taking the only naturally occurring bulk isotopes of either) eight fewer neutrons than bismuth, a total of twelve nucleons have to be removed from the bismuth nucleus to produce gold using Seaborg's method. </p><p>In 1981, Seaborg became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Cultural_Council" title="World Cultural Council">World Cultural Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> appointed Seaborg to serve on the National Commission on Excellence in Education. The commission produced a report "<a href="/wiki/A_Nation_at_Risk" title="A Nation at Risk">A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which focused national attention on education as a national issue germane to the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Spellings" title="Margaret Spellings">Margaret Spellings</a> wrote that </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>A Nation at Risk</i> delivered a wake up call for our education system. It described stark realities like a significant number of functionally illiterate high schoolers, plummeting student performance, and international competitors breathing down our necks. It was a warning, a reproach, and a call to arms.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Seaborg lived most of his later life in <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_California" title="Lafayette, California">Lafayette, California</a>, where he devoted himself to editing and publishing the journals that documented both his early life and later career. He rallied a group of scientists who criticized the science curriculum in the state of California, which he viewed as far too socially oriented and not nearly focused enough on hard science. California Governor <a href="/wiki/Pete_Wilson" title="Pete Wilson">Pete Wilson</a> appointed Seaborg to head a committee that proposed changes to California's science curriculum despite outcries from labor organizations and others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001193–194_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg2001193–194-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helen_and_Glenn_Seaborg_1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Helen_and_Glenn_Seaborg_1951.jpg/220px-Helen_and_Glenn_Seaborg_1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Helen_and_Glenn_Seaborg_1951.jpg/330px-Helen_and_Glenn_Seaborg_1951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Helen_and_Glenn_Seaborg_1951.jpg/440px-Helen_and_Glenn_Seaborg_1951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Helen and Glenn Seaborg in Stockholm in 1951</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1942, Seaborg married <a href="/wiki/Helen_L._Seaborg" title="Helen L. Seaborg">Helen Griggs</a>, the secretary of physicist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a>. Under wartime pressure, Seaborg had moved to Chicago while engaged to Griggs. When Seaborg returned to accompany Griggs for the journey back to Chicago, friends expected them to marry in Chicago. But, eager to be married, Seaborg and Griggs impulsively got off the train in the town of <a href="/wiki/Caliente,_Nevada" title="Caliente, Nevada">Caliente, Nevada</a>, for what they thought would be a quick wedding. When they asked for City Hall, they found Caliente had none—they would have to travel 25 miles (40 km) north to <a href="/wiki/Pioche,_Nevada" title="Pioche, Nevada">Pioche</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a>. With no car, this was no easy feat, but one of Caliente's newest deputy sheriffs turned out to be a recent graduate of the Cal Berkeley chemistry department and was more than happy to do a favor for Seaborg. The deputy sheriff arranged for the wedding couple to ride up and back to Pioche in a mail truck. The witnesses at the Seaborg wedding were a clerk and a janitor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200179–85_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200179–85-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glenn Seaborg and Helen Griggs Seaborg had seven children, of whom the first, Peter Glenn Seaborg, died in 1997 (his twin Paulette having died in infancy).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The others were Lynne Seaborg Cobb, <a href="/wiki/David_Seaborg" title="David Seaborg">David Seaborg</a>, Steve Seaborg, Eric Seaborg, and Dianne Seaborg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007332_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007332-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg was an avid hiker. Upon becoming Chairman of the AEC in 1961, he commenced taking daily hikes through a trail that he blazed at the headquarters site in <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Maryland" title="Germantown, Maryland">Germantown, Maryland</a>. He frequently invited colleagues and visitors to accompany him, and the trail became known as the "Glenn Seaborg Trail." He and his wife Helen are credited with blazing a 12-mile (19 km) trail in the East Bay area near their home in Lafayette, California. This trail has since become a part of the American Hiking Association's cross-country network of trails. Seaborg and his wife walked the trail network from <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Contra Costa County">Contra Costa County</a> all the way to the California–Nevada border.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007335_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007335-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>There is a beauty in discovery. There is mathematics in music, a kinship of science and poetry in the description of nature, and exquisite form in a molecule. Attempts to place different disciplines in different camps are revealed as artificial in the face of the unity of knowledge. All literate men are sustained by the philosopher, the historian, the political analyst, the economist, the scientist, the poet, the artisan and the musician. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Glenn Seaborg<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007337_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007337-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Seaborg was elected a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> in 1972 and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1985">Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) of London in 1985</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007334_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007334-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was honored as <a href="/wiki/Swedish-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish-American">Swedish-American</a> of the Year in 1962 by the <a href="/wiki/Vasa_Order_of_America" title="Vasa Order of America">Vasa Order of America</a>. In 1991, the organization named "Local Lodge Glenn T. Seaborg No. 719" in his honor during the Seaborg Honors ceremony at which he appeared. This lodge maintains a scholarship fund in his name, as does the unrelated Swedish-American Club of Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg kept a close bond to his Swedish origin. He visited Sweden every so often, and his family were members of the Swedish <i>Pemer Genealogical Society</i>, a family association open for every descendant of the Pemer family, a Swedish family with German origin, from which Seaborg was descended on his mother's side.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In recent years, after both men's passings, it has been discovered that physicist colleague <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Lofgren" title="Edward J. Lofgren">Edward J. Lofgren</a> was also descended from the Pemer family.)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborg even responded to the Swedish king's Nobel prize toast in his mother's native region's dialect,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he described as "It was as if a Swede had ''y'alled" in English with a Southern Accent."".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 24, 1998, while in Boston to attend a meeting by the American Chemical Society, Seaborg suffered a stroke, which led to his death six months later on February 25, 1999, at his home in Lafayette.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="List of accolades received by Glenn T. Seaborg">List of accolades received by Glenn T. Seaborg</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="List of things named after Glenn T. Seaborg">List of things named after Glenn T. Seaborg</a></div> <p>During his lifetime, Seaborg is said to have been the author or co-author of numerous books and 500 scientific journal articles, many of them brief reports on fast-breaking discoveries in nuclear science while other subjects, most notably the actinide concept, represented major theoretical contributions in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history of science</a>. He held more than 40 patents—among them the only patents ever issued for chemical elements, americium and curium, and received more than 50 doctorates and honorary degrees in his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaborgium_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaborgium-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one time, he was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as having the longest entry in <a href="/wiki/Marquis_Who%27s_Who" title="Marquis Who's Who">Marquis <i>Who's Who in America</i></a>. In February 2005, he was posthumously inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Glenn_Seaborg_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Glenn_Seaborg-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2011 the executive council of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI)</a> selected Seaborg for inclusion in CSI's Pantheon of Skeptics. The Pantheon of Skeptics was created by CSI to remember the legacy of deceased fellows of CSI and their contributions to the cause of scientific skepticism.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His papers are in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seaborg was elected to the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1948,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1952,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American Chemical Society-Chicago Section honored him with the <a href="/wiki/Willard_Gibbs_Award" title="Willard Gibbs Award">Willard Gibbs Award</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> presented Seaborg with the Golden Plate Award in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The element <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">seaborgium</a> was named after Seaborg by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ghiorso" title="Albert Ghiorso">Albert Ghiorso</a>, E. Kenneth Hulet, and others, who also credited Seaborg as a co-discoverer.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaborgium_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaborgium-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was named while Seaborg was still alive, which <a href="/wiki/Element_naming_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Element naming controversy">proved controversial</a>. He influenced the naming of so many elements that with the announcement of seaborgium, it was noted in <a href="/wiki/Discover_(magazine)" title="Discover (magazine)"><i>Discover</i> magazine</a>'s review of the year in science that he could receive a letter addressed in chemical elements: <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">seaborgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">lawrencium</a> (for the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory where he worked), berkelium, californium, americium.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seaborgium is the first element ever to have been officially named after a living person.<sup id="cite_ref-Seaborgium_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seaborgium-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ghiorso_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghiorso-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second element to be so named is <a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">oganesson</a>, in 2016, after <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Oganessian" title="Yuri Oganessian">Yuri Oganessian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg_bibliography" title="Glenn T. Seaborg bibliography">Glenn T. Seaborg bibliography</a></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeaborgJamesMorgan1948" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T.; James, R.A.; Morgan, L.O. (January 1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1022039/"><i>The New Element Americium (Atomic Number 95)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">US Atomic Energy Commission</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2172%2F4435330">10.2172/4435330</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4435330">4435330</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020212035/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1022039/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Element+Americium+%28Atomic+Number+95%29&rft.pub=US+Atomic+Energy+Commission&rft.date=1948-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4435330%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2172%2F4435330&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rft.au=James%2C+R.A.&rft.au=Morgan%2C+L.O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc1022039%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborgJamesGhiorso1948" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T.; James, R.A.; Ghiorso, A. (January 1948). <i>The New Element Curium (Atomic Number 96)</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">US Atomic Energy Commission</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4421946">4421946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Element+Curium+%28Atomic+Number+96%29&rft.pub=US+Atomic+Energy+Commission&rft.date=1948-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4421946%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rft.au=James%2C+R.A.&rft.au=Ghiorso%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborgThompsonGhiorso1950" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T.; Thompson, S.G.; Ghiorso, A. (April 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc894817/"><i>The New Element Berkelium (Atomic Number 97)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2172%2F4421999">10.2172/4421999</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4421999">4421999</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020212032/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc894817/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Element+Berkelium+%28Atomic+Number+97%29&rft.pub=UC+Berkeley%2C+Radiation+Laboratory&rft.date=1950-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4421999%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2172%2F4421999&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+S.G.&rft.au=Ghiorso%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc894817%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborgThompsonStreetGhiroso1950" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T.; Thompson, S.G.; Street, K. Jr.; Ghiroso, A. (June 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc893365/"><i>The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2172%2F932819">10.2172/932819</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015086449165">2027/mdp.39015086449165</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/932819">932819</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524175524/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc893365/">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Element+Californium+%28Atomic+Number+98%29&rft.pub=UC+Berkeley%2C+Radiation+Laboratory&rft.date=1950-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015086449165&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F932819%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2172%2F932819&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+S.G.&rft.au=Street%2C+K.+Jr.&rft.au=Ghiroso%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc893365%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1951" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T. (December 1951). <i>The Transuranium Elements – Present Status: Nobel Lecture</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2172%2F4406579">10.2172/4406579</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4406579">4406579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transuranium+Elements+%E2%80%93+Present+Status%3A+Nobel+Lecture&rft.pub=UC+Berkeley%2C+Radiation+Laboratory&rft.date=1951-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4406579%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2172%2F4406579&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborgThompsonHarveyChoppin1954" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T.; Thompson, S.G.; Harvey, B.G.; Choppin, G.R. (July 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1023183/"><i>Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100 (Einsteinium and Fermium)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2172%2F4405197">10.2172/4405197</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4405197">4405197</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54678232">54678232</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020212317/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1023183/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemical+Properties+of+Elements+99+and+100+%28Einsteinium+and+Fermium%29&rft.pub=UC+Berkeley%2C+Radiation+Laboratory&rft.date=1954-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54678232%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4405197%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2172%2F4405197&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+S.G.&rft.au=Harvey%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Choppin%2C+G.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc1023183%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1967" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T. (September 1967). <i>The First Weighing of Plutonium</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">US Atomic Energy Commission</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/814965">814965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Weighing+of+Plutonium&rft.pub=US+Atomic+Energy+Commission&rft.date=1967-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F814965%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1970" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T. (July 1970). <i>Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy: A Collection of Speeches</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">US Atomic Energy Commission</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4042849">4042849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peaceful+Uses+of+Nuclear+Energy%3A+A+Collection+of+Speeches&rft.pub=US+Atomic+Energy+Commission&rft.date=1970-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F4042849%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1980" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T. (ed ). (January 1980). Seaborg, G. T. (ed.). <i>Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of the Discovery of Mendelevium</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6468225">6468225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symposium+Commemorating+the+25th+Anniversary+of+the+Discovery+of+Mendelevium&rft.pub=Lawrence+Berkeley+National+Laboratory&rft.date=1980-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F6468225%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.+%28ed+%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1990" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T. (August 1990). <i>Transuranium Elements: a Half Century</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6604648">6604648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transuranium+Elements%3A+a+Half+Century&rft.pub=Lawrence+Berkeley+National+Laboratory&rft.date=1990-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F6604648%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1995" class="citation journal cs1">Seaborg, G. T. (March 1995). "My career as a radioisotope hunter". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Medical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the American Medical Association">Journal of the American Medical Association</a></i>. <b>273</b> (12): 961–964. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.273.12.961">10.1001/jama.273.12.961</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7884957">7884957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=My+career+as+a+radioisotope+hunter&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=961-964&rft.date=1995-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.273.12.961&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7884957&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SCI_Perkin_Medal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCI_Perkin_Medal_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-perkin-medal">"SCI Perkin Medal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_History_Institute" title="Science History Institute">Science History Institute</a></i>. May 31, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130738/https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-perkin-medal">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=SCI+Perkin+Medal&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fsci-perkin-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Darleane_C._Hoffman" title="Darleane C. Hoffman">Hoffman, D. C.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0021">"Glenn Theodore Seaborg. 19 April 1912 – 25 February 1999"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>53</b>: 327–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0021">10.1098/rsbm.2007.0021</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20461382">20461382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Glenn+Theodore+Seaborg.+19+April+1912+%E2%80%93+25+February+1999&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=327-338&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20461382%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.2007.0021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_Prize-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/index.html">"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" title="Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081104054538/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1951&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1951%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Chancellor" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Chancellor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chancellor.berkeley.edu/chancellors">"Past Chancellors"</a>. University of California, Berkeley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151212024454/http://chancellor.berkeley.edu/chancellors">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Chancellors&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.au=Office+of+the+Chancellor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchancellor.berkeley.edu%2Fchancellors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seaborg.ucla.edu-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seaborg.ucla.edu_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seaborg.ucla.edu_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seaborg.ucla.edu/biography.html">"UCLA Glenn T. Seaborg Symposium – Biography"</a>. <i>www.seaborg.ucla.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206180935/https://www.seaborg.ucla.edu/biography.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.seaborg.ucla.edu&rft.atitle=UCLA+Glenn+T.+Seaborg+Symposium+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaborg.ucla.edu%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007330-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007330_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007330_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffman2007">Hoffman (2007)</a>, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007336-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffman2007336_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffman2007">Hoffman (2007)</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200113–14-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200113–14_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaborgSeaborg2001">Seaborg & Seaborg (2001)</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200115,_29-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200115,_29_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaborgSeaborg2001">Seaborg & Seaborg (2001)</a>, pp. 15, 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200140-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborgSeaborg200140_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeaborgSeaborg2001">Seaborg & Seaborg (2001)</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thesis-seaborg-1937-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thesis-seaborg-1937_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg1937" class="citation thesis cs1">Seaborg, Glenn T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+interaction+of+fast+neutrons+with+lead&rft.inst=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21609796&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=Glenn+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F301774846%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Argonne-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Argonne_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Argonne_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130413024307/http://www.dep.anl.gov/postdocs/seaborg_bio.htm">"Scientific and Luminary Biography – Glenn Seaborg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dep.anl.gov/postdocs/seaborg_bio.htm">the original</a> on April 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scientific+and+Luminary+Biography+%E2%80%93+Glenn+Seaborg&rft.pub=Argonne+National+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dep.anl.gov%2Fpostdocs%2Fseaborg_bio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisSeaborg1939" class="citation journal cs1">Lewis, G. N.; Seaborg, Glenn T. (July 1939). "Primary and secondary acids and bases". <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>61</b> (7): 1886–1894. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01876a068">10.1021/ja01876a068</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7863">0002-7863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Primary+and+secondary+acids+and+bases&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1886-1894&rft.date=1939-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01876a068&rft.issn=0002-7863&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=G.+N.&rft.au=Seaborg%2C+Glenn+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisSeaborg1939" class="citation journal cs1">Lewis, G. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%A4nda+%C3%A4ttlingar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pemerforeningen.se%2Fkanda-attlingar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.lbl.gov/Publications/Seaborg/bio.htm">"Glenn T. Seaborg - His Biography"</a>. <i>www2.lbl.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121193553/https://www2.lbl.gov/Publications/Seaborg/bio.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.lbl.gov&rft.atitle=Glenn+T.+Seaborg+-+His+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lbl.gov%2FPublications%2FSeaborg%2Fbio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborg2001" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, Glenn Theodore (2001). <i>Adventures in the atomic age: from Watts to Washington</i> (1st ed.). Canada: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780374299910" title="Special:BookSources/9780374299910"><bdi>9780374299910</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adventures+in+the+atomic+age%3A+from+Watts+to+Washington&rft.place=Canada&rft.pages=150&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus%2C+and+Giroux&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780374299910&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=Glenn+Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428035353/http://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/seaborg-tribute.html">"Glenn Seaborg Tribute: A Man in Full"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/seaborg-tribute.html">the original</a> on April 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glenn+Seaborg+Tribute%3A+A+Man+in+Full&rft.pub=Lawrence+Berkeley+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbl.gov%2FScience-Articles%2FArchive%2Fseaborg-tribute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seaborgium-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seaborgium_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seaborgium_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seaborgium_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529033357/http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Research-Review/Magazine/1994/seaborgium-mag.html">"Seaborgium: Element 106 Named in Honor of Glenn T. Seaborg, LBL's Associate Director At Large"</a>. <i>LBL Research Review</i>. August 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-1305">0882-1305</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Research-Review/Magazine/1994/seaborgium-mag.html">the original</a> on May 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LBL+Research+Review&rft.atitle=Seaborgium%3A+Element+106+Named+in+Honor+of+Glenn+T.+Seaborg%2C+LBL%27s+Associate+Director+At+Large&rft.date=1994-08&rft.issn=0882-1305&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbl.gov%2FScience-Articles%2FResearch-Review%2FMagazine%2F1994%2Fseaborgium-mag.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/about/the_pantheon_of_skeptics">"The Pantheon of Skeptics"</a>. <i>CSI</i>. <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131054129/http://www.csicop.org/about/the_pantheon_of_skeptics">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSI&rft.atitle=The+Pantheon+of+Skeptics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fabout%2Fthe_pantheon_of_skeptics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2006/ms006039.pdf">"Glenn Theodore Seaborg – A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312015002/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2006/ms006039.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glenn+Theodore+Seaborg+%E2%80%93+A+Register+of+His+Papers+in+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fservice%2Fmss%2Feadxmlmss%2Feadpdfmss%2F2006%2Fms006039.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/50661.html">"Glenn T. Seaborg"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208151215/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/50661.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Glenn+T.+Seaborg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F50661.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Glenn+T.+Seaborg&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208151208/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Glenn+T.+Seaborg&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DGlenn%2BT.%2BSeaborg%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/glenn-theodore-seaborg">"Glenn Theodore Seaborg"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208151216/https://www.amacad.org/person/glenn-theodore-seaborg">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.achievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23science-exploration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinters1998" class="citation journal cs1">Winters, J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discover&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F&rft.volume=19&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.aulast=Winters&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovermagazine.com%2F1998%2Fjan%2Ftheyearinscience1310%23.UetLJ21oYuw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghiorso-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghiorso_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhiorso2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Ghiorso" title="Albert Ghiorso">Ghiorso, Albert</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html">"Einsteinium and Fermium"</a>. <i>Chemical and Engineering News</i>. <b>81</b> (36): 174–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcen-v081n036.p174">10.1021/cen-v081n036.p174</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906064329/http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 8, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iupac.org/elements.html">the original</a> on June 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IUPAC+%7C+International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=IUPAC+is+naming+the+four+new+elements+nihonium%2C+moscovium%2C+tennessine%2C+and+oganesson&rft.date=2016-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiupac.org%2Felements.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hoffman, D. C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0021">"Glenn Theodore Seaborg 19 April 1912 – 25 February 1999"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>53</b>: 328–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0021">10.1098/rsbm.2007.0021</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20461382">20461382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Glenn+Theodore+Seaborg+19+April+1912+%E2%80%93+25+February+1999&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=328-338&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2007.0021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20461382%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.2007.0021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rhodes" title="Richard Rhodes">Rhodes, Richard</a> (1986). <a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_Atomic_Bomb" title="The Making of the Atomic Bomb"><i>The Making of the Atomic Bomb</i></a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-44133-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-44133-3"><bdi>978-0-671-44133-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13793436">13793436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Atomic+Bomb&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13793436&rft.isbn=978-0-671-44133-3&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaborgSeaborg2001" class="citation book cs1">Seaborg, G. T.; Seaborg, E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adventuresinatom00seab"><i>Adventures in the Atomic Age: From Watts to Washington</i></a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-29991-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-29991-0"><bdi>978-0-374-29991-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adventures+in+the+Atomic+Age%3A+From+Watts+to+Washington&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-374-29991-0&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=G.+T.&rft.au=Seaborg%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadventuresinatom00seab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoffey2008" class="citation book cs1">Coffey, Patrick (2008). <i>Cathedrals of Science: The Personalities and Rivalries That Made Modern Chemistry</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532134-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532134-0"><bdi>978-0-19-532134-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cathedrals+of+Science%3A+The+Personalities+and+Rivalries+That+Made+Modern+Chemistry&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532134-0&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenn+T.+Seaborg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_T._Seaborg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glenn_T._Seaborg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Glenn T. Seaborg"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Glenn T. Seaborg</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Glenn_T._Seaborg" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/213">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48973#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> including the Nobel Lecture on December 12, 1951 "The Transuranium Elements: Present Status"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/glenn-seaborgs-interview">1965 Audio Interview with Glenn Seaborg by Stephane Groueff</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170107115908/http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/glenn-seaborgs-interview">Archived</a> January 7, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Voices of the Manhattan Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/gseaborg.html">National Academy of Sciences biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010620041029/http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/gseaborg.html">Archived</a> June 20, 2001, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060527163047/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FSeaborg%2C+Glenn">Annotated bibliography for Glenn Seaborg from the Alsos Digital Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1951/seaborg-bio.html">Nobel Institute Official Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723231158/http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1951/seaborg-bio.html">Archived</a> July 23, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/chancellor.seaborg.html">UC Berkeley Biography of Chancellor Glenn T. Seaborg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628214137/http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/chancellor.seaborg.html">Archived</a> June 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Seaborg/">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Glenn T. Seaborg website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512053827/http://www2.lbl.gov/Publications/Seaborg/">Archived</a> May 12, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.aaas.org/people/plist.php?type=President">American Association for the Advancement of Science, List of Presidents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724213136/http://archives.aaas.org/people/plist.php?type=President">Archived</a> July 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.energy.gov/bes/about/organizational-history/germantown-natural-history/glenn-seaborg-trail/">Glenn Seaborg Trail, at Department of Energy official site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129135847/https://science.energy.gov/bes/about/organizational-history/germantown-natural-history/glenn-seaborg-trail/">Archived</a> January 29, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmu.edu/seaborg/home-page">Glenn T. Seaborg Center at Northern Michigan University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019084736/http://www.nmu.edu/seaborg/home-page">Archived</a> October 19, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seaborg.ucla.edu/">Glenn T. Seaborg Medal and Symposium at the University of California, Los Angeles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151021181015/http://www.seaborg.ucla.edu/">Archived</a> October 21, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_26A09FA3EFD24CA59DFCA3A22B27E450">Video interview with Glenn Seaborg from 1986 with transcript</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709192916/https://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_26A09FA3EFD24CA59DFCA3A22B27E450">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2017-08-30/clean-nukes-ecology-nuclear-war">"Clean" Nukes and the Ecology of Nuclear War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170907033459/http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2017-08-30/clean-nukes-ecology-nuclear-war">Archived</a> September 7, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published by the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Seaborg%2C%20Glenn%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Glenn%20Seaborg%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Seaborg%2C%20Glenn%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Glenn%20Seaborg%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Seaborg%2C%20G%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Glenn%20Seaborg%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Seaborg%2C%20Glenn%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Glenn%20Seaborg%22%29%20OR%20%28%221912-1999%22%20AND%20Seaborg%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Glenn T. Seaborg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?16212">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Kerr" title="Clark Kerr">Clark Kerr</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> </b><br />1958 – 1961 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Strong" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward W. Strong">Edward W. Strong</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1951_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1951 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> (United States)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a> (Sweden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> (Great Britain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> (Ireland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1946_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1946 Nobel Prize winners">1946</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1947_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1947 Nobel Prize winners">1947</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1948 Nobel Prize winners">1948</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1949_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1949 Nobel Prize winners">1949</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1950_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1950 Nobel Prize winners">1950</a></dd> <dd><b>1951 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1952 Nobel Prize winners">1952</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1953_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1953 Nobel Prize winners">1953</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1954_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1954 Nobel Prize winners">1954</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1955_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1955 Nobel Prize winners">1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1956_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1956 Nobel Prize winners">1956</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission_Chairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AEC_Chairs" title="Template:AEC Chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AEC_Chairs" title="Template talk:AEC Chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AEC_Chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AEC Chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission_Chairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">United States Atomic Energy Commission</a> <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_E._Lilienthal" title="David E. Lilienthal">David E. Lilienthal</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Dean_(lawyer)" title="Gordon Dean (lawyer)">Gordon Dean</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Strauss" title="Lewis Strauss">Lewis Strauss</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McCone" title="John A. McCone">John A. McCone</a> (1958)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixy_Lee_Ray" title="Dixy Lee Ray">Dixy Lee Ray</a> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_and_Chancellors_of_the_University_of_California,_Berkeley" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#003262; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FDB515, inset -2px -2px 0 #FDB515;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UCBerkeley_leaders" title="Template:UCBerkeley leaders"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UCBerkeley_leaders" title="Template talk:UCBerkeley leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UCBerkeley_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UCBerkeley leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_and_Chancellors_of_the_University_of_California,_Berkeley" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Presidents and Chancellors of the University of California, Berkeley</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003262; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FDB515, inset -2px -2px 0 #FDB515;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Durant" title="Henry Durant">Henry Durant</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Daniel Coit Gilman</a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_LeConte" title="John LeConte">John LeConte</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.T._Reid" class="mw-redirect" title="W.T. Reid">W.T. Reid</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Holden" title="Edward S. Holden">Edward S. Holden</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Davis" title="Horace Davis">Horace Davis</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kellogg" title="Martin Kellogg">Martin Kellogg</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ide_Wheeler" title="Benjamin Ide Wheeler">Benjamin Ide Wheeler</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Prescott_Barrows" title="David Prescott Barrows">David Prescott Barrows</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">William Wallace Campbell</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_Sproul" title="Robert Gordon Sproul">Robert Gordon Sproul</a> (1930)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003262; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FDB515, inset -2px -2px 0 #FDB515;;width:1%">Chancellors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Kerr" title="Clark Kerr">Clark Kerr</a> (1952)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Strong" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward W. Strong">Edward W. Strong</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_E._Meyerson" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin E. Meyerson">Martin E. Meyerson</a> # (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Heyns" title="Roger W. Heyns">Roger W. Heyns</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_H._Bowker" title="Albert H. Bowker">Albert H. Bowker</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Michael_Heyman" title="Ira Michael Heyman">Ira Michael Heyman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang-Lin_Tien" title="Chang-Lin Tien">Chang-Lin Tien</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Berdahl" title="Robert M. Berdahl">Robert M. Berdahl</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Birgeneau" title="Robert J. Birgeneau">Robert J. Birgeneau</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Dirks" title="Nicholas Dirks">Nicholas Dirks</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_T._Christ" title="Carol T. Christ">Carol T. Christ</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#003262; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FDB515, inset -2px -2px 0 #FDB515;"><div><i># denotes an interim chancellor</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the American Chemical Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Template talk:Presidents of the American Chemical Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the American Chemical Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1876–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Draper" title="John William Draper">John W. Draper</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawrence_Smith_(chemist)" title="J. Lawrence Smith (chemist)">J. Lawrence Smith</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_William_Johnson" title="Samuel William Johnson">Samuel William Johnson</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterry_Hunt" title="Thomas Sterry Hunt">T. Sterry Hunt</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Genth" title="Frederick Augustus Genth">Frederick A. Genth</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Chandler" title="Charles F. Chandler">Charles F. Chandler</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mallet" title="John Mallet">John W. Mallet</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Curtis_Booth" title="James Curtis Booth">James C. Booth</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Benjamin_Prescott" title="Albert Benjamin Prescott">Albert B. Prescott</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Goessmann" title="Charles Anthony Goessmann">Charles Anthony Goessmann</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterry_Hunt" title="Thomas Sterry Hunt">T. Sterry Hunt</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Chandler" title="Charles F. Chandler">Charles F. Chandler</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bradford_Nason" title="Henry Bradford Nason">Henry B. Nason</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Barker" title="George Frederick Barker">George F. Barker</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_Caldwell" title="George Chapman Caldwell">George C. Caldwell</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Washington_Wiley" title="Harvey Washington Wiley">Harvey W. Wiley</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Fahs_Smith" title="Edgar Fahs Smith">Edgar Fahs Smith</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Benjamin_Dudley" title="Charles Benjamin Dudley">Charles B. Dudley</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Munroe" title="Charles Edward Munroe">Charles E. Munroe</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Morley" title="Edward W. Morley">Edward W. Morley</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McMurtrie" title="William McMurtrie">William McMurtrie</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wigglesworth_Clarke" title="Frank Wigglesworth Clarke">Frank W. Clarke</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Remsen" title="Ira Remsen">Ira Remsen</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Long_(chemist)" title="John H. Long (chemist)">John H. Long</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Venable" title="Francis Preston Venable">Francis P. Venable</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Hillebrand" title="William Francis Hillebrand">William F. Hillebrand</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marston_T._Bogert" title="Marston T. Bogert">Marston T. Bogert</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_R._Whitney" title="Willis R. Whitney">Willis R. Whitney</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_Dwight_Bancroft" title="Wilder Dwight Bancroft">Wilder D. Bancroft</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Smith_(chemist)" title="Alexander Smith (chemist)">Alexander Smith</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dehon_Little" title="Arthur Dehon Little">Arthur Dehon Little</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore W. Richards</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herty" title="Charles Herty">Charles H. Herty</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Stieglitz" title="Julius Stieglitz">Julius Stieglitz</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Nichols" title="William H. Nichols">William H. Nichols</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Noyes" title="William A. Noyes">William A. Noyes</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Fahs_Smith" title="Edgar Fahs Smith">Edgar Fahs Smith</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Curtis_Franklin" title="Edward Curtis Franklin">Edward C. Franklin</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo H. Baekeland</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Flack_Norris" title="James Flack Norris">James Flack Norris</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_D._Rosengarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George D. Rosengarten (page does not exist)">George D. Rosengarten</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Parr" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel W. Parr">Samuel W. Parr</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McPherson_(university_president)" title="William McPherson (university president)">William McPherson</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gomberg" title="Moses Gomberg">Moses Gomberg</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_V._Redman" title="Lawrence V. Redman">Lawrence V. Redman</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_B._Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur B. Lamb (page does not exist)">Arthur B. Lamb</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_L._Reese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles L. Reese (page does not exist)">Charles L. Reese</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bartow" title="Edward Bartow">Edward Bartow</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Weidlein" title="Edward R. Weidlein">Edward R. Weidlein</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Whitmore" title="Frank C. Whitmore">Frank C. Whitmore</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Kraus" title="Charles A. Kraus">Charles A. Kraus</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Lind" title="Samuel C. Lind">Samuel C. Lind</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lloyd_Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lloyd Evans (page does not exist)">William Lloyd Evans</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_N._Holmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry N. Holmes (page does not exist)">Harry N. Holmes</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_K._Frolich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per K. Frolich (page does not exist)">Per K. Frolich</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Midgley_Jr." title="Thomas Midgley Jr.">Thomas Midgley Jr.</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Shipp_Marvel" title="Carl Shipp Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_Dewey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley Dewey (page does not exist)">Bradley Dewey</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Albert_Noyes_Jr." title="W. Albert Noyes Jr.">W. Albert Noyes Jr.</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Thomas" title="Charles Allen Thomas">Charles A. Thomas</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_H._Volwiler" title="Ernest H. Volwiler">Ernest H. Volwiler</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N._Howell_Funnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. Howell Funnan (page does not exist)">N. Howell Funnan</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_C._Britton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar C. Britton (page does not exist)">Edgar C. Britton</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrington_Daniels" title="Farrington Daniels">Farrington Daniels</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_L._Fisher" title="Harry L. Fisher">Harry L. Fisher</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Henry_Hildebrand" title="Joel Henry Hildebrand">Joel H. Hildebrand</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Warner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Warner (page does not exist)">John C. Warner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_J._Williams" title="Roger J. Williams">Roger J. Williams</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_F._Rassweiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford F. Rassweiler (page does not exist)">Clifford F. Rassweiler</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Bailar_Jr." title="John C. Bailar Jr.">John C. Bailar Jr.</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_L._Elder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert L. Elder (page does not exist)">Albert L. Elder</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Cope" title="Arthur C. Cope">Arthur C. Cope</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_H._Arveson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice H. Arveson (page does not exist)">Maurice H. Arveson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Price" title="Charles C. Price">Charles C. Price</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Sparks" title="William J. Sparks">William J. Sparks</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Overberger" title="Charles G. Overberger">Charles G. Overberger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Cairns" title="Robert W. Cairns">Robert W. Cairns</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_R._Brode" title="Wallace R. Brode">Wallace R. Brode</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Riegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byron Riegel (page does not exist)">Byron Riegel</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_C._Nixon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan C. Nixon (page does not exist)">Alan C. Nixon</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_S._Friedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard S. Friedman (page does not exist)">Bernard S. Friedman</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bailey" title="William J. Bailey">William J. Bailey</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry A. Hill">Henry A. Hill</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_J._Harrison" title="Anna J. Harrison">Anna J. Harrison</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gardner_W._Stacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gardner W. Stacy (page does not exist)">Gardner W. Stacy</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._D%27Ianni" title="James D. D'Ianni">James D. D'Ianni</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_C._Zettlemoyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert C. Zettlemoyer (page does not exist)">Albert C. Zettlemoyer</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Parry" title="Robert W. Parry">Robert W. Parry</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Basolo" title="Fred Basolo">Fred Basolo</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_D._Niederhauser" title="Warren D. Niederhauser">Warren D. Niederhauser</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellis_K._Fields&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellis K. Fields (page does not exist)">Ellis K. Fields</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Good" title="Mary L. Good">Mary L. Good</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_L._Nelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon L. Nelson (page does not exist)">Gordon L. Nelson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_F._Callis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clayton F. Callis (page does not exist)">Clayton F. Callis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Gassman" title="Paul G. Gassman">Paul G. Gassman</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Allen_Heininger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Allen Heininger (page does not exist)">S. Allen Heininger</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Eliel" title="Ernest L. Eliel">Ernest L. Eliel</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen M. Free</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_D._Heindel" title="Ned D. Heindel">Ned D. Heindel</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_M._Rushton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian M. Rushton (page does not exist)">Brian M. Rushton</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Anderson" title="Paul S. Anderson">Paul S. Anderson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_H.L._Walter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul H.L. Walter (page does not exist)">Paul H.L. Walter</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edel_Wasserman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edel Wasserman (page does not exist)">Edel Wasserman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_H._Busch" title="Daryle H. Busch">Daryle H. Busch</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–<i>present</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attila_E._Pavlath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attila E. Pavlath (page does not exist)">Attila E. Pavlath</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_M._Pearce" title="Eli M. Pearce">Eli M. Pearce</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Reichmanis" title="Elsa Reichmanis">Elsa Reichmanis</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Casey" title="Charles P. Casey">Charles P. Casey</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_F._Carroll_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William F. Carroll Jr. (page does not exist)">William F. Carroll Jr.</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Nalley" title="Elizabeth Ann Nalley">Elizabeth Ann Nalley</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_T._Hunt" title="Catherine T. Hunt">Catherine T. Hunt</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_E._Bursten" title="Bruce E. Bursten">Bruce E. Bursten</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Lane" title="Thomas H. Lane">Thomas H. Lane</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Francisco" title="Joseph Francisco">Joseph Francisco</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_B._Jackson" title="Nancy B. Jackson">Nancy B. Jackson</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassam_Shakhashiri" title="Bassam Shakhashiri">Bassam Z. Shakhashiri</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinda_Li_Wu" title="Marinda Li Wu">Marinda Li Wu</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Barton" title="Thomas J. Barton">Thomas J. Barton</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Grob_Schmidt" title="Diane Grob Schmidt">Diane Grob Schmidt</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Nelson" title="Donna Nelson">Donna J. Nelson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_A._Campbell" title="Allison A. Campbell">Allison A. Campbell</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_K._Dorhout" title="Peter K. Dorhout">Peter K. Dorhout</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_A._Charpentier" title="Bonnie A. Charpentier">Bonnie A. Charpentier</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Echegoyen" title="Luis Echegoyen">Luis Echegoyen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.N._Cheng" class="mw-redirect" title="H.N. Cheng">H.N. Cheng</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_K._Wilson" title="Angela K. Wilson">Angela K. Wilson</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Giordan" title="Judith Giordan">Judith Giordan</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_K._Carroll" title="Mary K. Carroll">Mary K. Carroll</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_J._Phillips" title="Dorothy J. Phillips">Dorothy J. Phillips</a>, President Elect (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template talk:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">United States National Medal of Science</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Behavioral_and_social_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Behavioral and social science</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger N. Shepard</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes" title="William Kaye Estes">William K. Estes</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gordon_H._Bower" title="Gordon H. Bower">Gordon H. Bower</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael I. Posner</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Biological_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biological sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._B._van_Niel" title="C. B. van Niel">C. B. van Niel</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis P. Rous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George G. Simpson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald D. Van Slyke</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Knipling" title="Edward F. Knipling">Edward F. Knipling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William C. Rose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stewart_Cole" title="Kenneth Stewart Cole">Kenneth S. Cole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry F. Harlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred H. Sturtevant</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard B. Brodie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev W. Bronk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Laurence_Lush" title="Jay Laurence Lush">Jay Lush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huebner" title="Robert Huebner">Robert Huebner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert B. Sabin</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_I._Arnon" title="Daniel I. Arnon">Daniel I. Arnon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl W. Sutherland Jr.">Earl W. Sutherland Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_V._Neel" title="James V. Neel">James V. Neel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Augustine_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James Augustine Shannon">James Augustine Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hallowell_Davis" title="Hallowell Davis">Hallowell Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gyorgy" title="Paul Gyorgy">Paul Gyorgy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sterling_B._Hendricks" title="Sterling B. Hendricks">Sterling B. Hendricks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orville_Vogel" title="Orville Vogel">Orville Alvin Vogel</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Roberts_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_Reece_Stadtman" title="Earl Reece Stadtman">Earl Reece Stadtman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alfred_Weiss" title="Paul Alfred Weiss">Paul Alfred Weiss</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1981</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></dd> <dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Burton" title="Glenn W. Burton">Glenn W. Burton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Bachrach" title="Howard Bachrach">Howard L. Bachrach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wendell_L._Roelofs" title="Wendell L. Roelofs">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemist)">Stanley Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald A. Henderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Mountcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._DeBakey" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael E. DeBakey">Michael E. DeBakey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodor_O._Diener" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor O. Diener">Theodor O. Diener</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael S. Brown">Michael S. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice R. Hilleman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harland_G._Wood" title="Harland G. Wood">Harland G. Wood</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert W. Boyer">Herbert W. Boyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr." title="Daniel E. Koshland Jr.">Daniel E. Koshland Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_G._Nathan" title="David G. Nathan">David G. Nathan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elvin_A._Kabat" title="Elvin A. Kabat">Elvin A. Kabat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert W. Kates</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marks_(scientist)" title="Paul Marks (scientist)">Paul A. Marks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Folke_K._Skoog" title="Folke K. Skoog">Folke K. Skoog</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Zamecnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Zamecnik">Paul C. Zamecnik</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salome_G._Waelsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_F._Neufeld" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Weinberg">Robert A. Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nancy_C._Andreasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy C. Andreasen">Nancy C. Andreasen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francisco_J._Ayala" title="Francisco J. Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George F. Bass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Mario R. Capecchi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene E. Likens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_H._Snyder" title="Solomon H. Snyder">Solomon H. Snyder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yanofsky" title="Charles Yanofsky">Charles Yanofsky</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman E. Borlaug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas E. Starzl</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lubert_Stryer" title="Lubert Stryer">Lubert Stryer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bert_W._O%27Malley" title="Bert W. O'Malley">Bert W. O'Malley</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis S. Collins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">J. Craig Venter</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Lindquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan L. Lindquist">Susan L. Lindquist</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_L._Brinster" title="Ralph L. Brinster">Ralph L. Brinster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_K._Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakesh K. Jain">Rakesh K. Jain</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Levin">Simon Levin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chemistry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Zare" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard N. Zare">Richard N. Zare</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Gray" title="Harry B. Gray">Harry B. Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Tseh Lee">Yuan Tseh Lee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_S._Marvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl S. Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Westheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Westheimer">Frank H. Westheimer</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William S. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Stockmayer" title="Walter H. Stockmayer">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_O._Baker" title="William O. Baker">William O. Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Konrad_E._Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad E. Bloch">Konrad E. Bloch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_J._Corey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias J. Corey">Elias J. Corey</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard B. Bernstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Roberts" title="John D. Roberts">John D. Roberts</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ensign_Simmons_Jr." title="Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.">Howard E. Simmons Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_S._Hammond" title="George S. Hammond">George S. Hammond</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isabella_L._Karle" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella L. Karle">Isabella L. Karle</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davidson_(biologist)" title="Norman Davidson (biologist)">Norman Davidson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darleane_C._Hoffman" title="Darleane C. Hoffman">Darleane C. Hoffman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Cahn" title="John W. Cahn">John W. Cahn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Rice" title="Stuart A. Rice">Stuart A. Rice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(chemist)" title="John Ross (chemist)">John Ross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Baldeschwieler" title="John D. Baldeschwieler">John D. Baldeschwieler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_F._Hirschmann" title="Ralph F. Hirschmann">Ralph F. Hirschmann</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernest_R._Davidson" title="Ernest R. Davidson">Ernest R. Davidson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_A._Somorjai" title="Gábor A. Somorjai">Gábor A. Somorjai</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_I._Brauman" class="mw-redirect" title="John I. Brauman">John I. Brauman</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Lippard" title="Stephen J. Lippard">Stephen J. Lippard</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin J. Marks</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_H._Caruthers" title="Marvin H. Caruthers">Marvin H. Caruthers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter B. Dervan</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa A. El-Sayed</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Benkovic" title="Stephen J. Benkovic">Stephen J. Benkovic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_K._Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline K. Barton">Jacqueline K. Barton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Stang" title="Peter J. Stang">Peter J. Stang</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Bard" title="Allen J. Bard">Allen J. Bard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M._Frederick_Hawthorne" title="M. Frederick Hawthorne">M. Frederick Hawthorne</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Klinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith P. Klinman">Judith P. Klinman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_L._Richmond" title="Geraldine L. Richmond">Geraldine L. Richmond</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/A._Paul_Alivisatos" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Paul Alivisatos">A. Paul Alivisatos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1962</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></dd> <dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_Pierce" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Draper" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles S. Draper">Charles S. Draper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar H. Ammann</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clarence_L._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence L. Johnson">Clarence L. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude E. Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Presper_Eckert" title="J. Presper Eckert">J. Presper Eckert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_St._Clair_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack St. Clair Kilby">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mueller" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Mueller">George E. Mueller</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Edgerton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Edgerton">Harold E. Edgerton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Whitcomb" title="Richard T. Whitcomb">Richard T. Whitcomb</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Hayward_Pickering" class="mw-redirect" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick E. Terman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(scientist)" title="Morris Cohen (scientist)">Morris Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Goldmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Goldmark">Peter C. Goldmark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emmett_N._Leith" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett N. Leith">Emmett N. Leith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_R._Parker" title="Earl R. Parker">Earl R. Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Heinemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Heinemann">Edward H. Heinemann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Katz" title="Donald L. Katz">Donald L. Katz</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tung-Yen_Lin" title="Tung-Yen Lin">Tung-Yen Lin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_M._Oliver" title="Bernard M. Oliver">Bernard M. Oliver</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Bolton_Seed" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Bolton Seed">H. Bolton Seed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weber_(engineer)" title="Ernst Weber (engineer)">Ernst Weber</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_M._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis M. Hawkins">Willis M. Hawkins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Grier" title="Herbert E. Grier">Herbert E. Grier</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Holonyak Jr.">Nick Holonyak Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luna_B._Leopold" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna B. Leopold">Luna B. Leopold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Guyford_Stever" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Guyford Stever">H. Guyford Stever</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calvin_F._Quate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin F. Quate">Calvin F. Quate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Y._Cho" title="Alfred Y. Cho">Alfred Y. Cho</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ray_W._Clough" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray W. Clough">Ray W. Clough</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hermann_A._Haus" title="Hermann A. Haus">Hermann A. Haus</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan">James L. Flanagan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar N. Patel</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng B. Fung</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John M. Prausnitz</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_N._Lightfoot" title="Edwin N. Lightfoot">Edwin N. Lightfoot</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mathematical,_statistical,_and_computer_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">H. Marston Morse</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Backus">John W. Backus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_O._Friedrichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt O. Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Doob" title="Joseph L. Doob">Joseph L. Doob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_H._Stone" title="Marshall H. Stone">Marshall H. Stone</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Gomory" title="Ralph E. Gomory">Ralph E. Gomory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Keller" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph B. Keller">Joseph B. Keller</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Spencer" title="Donald C. Spencer">Donald C. Spencer</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_F._Carrier" title="George F. Carrier">George F. Carrier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene" title="Stephen Cole Kleene">Stephen Cole Kleene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_David_Kruskal" title="Martin David Kruskal">Martin David Kruskal</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald R. Coifman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi R. Rao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_M._Stein" title="Elias M. Stein">Elias M. Stein</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James G. Glimm</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_R._de_Boor" title="Carl R. de Boor">Carl R. de Boor</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis P. Sullivan</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_B._Mumford" class="mw-redirect" title="David B. Mumford">David B. Mumford</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Tapia" title="Richard A. Tapia">Richard A. Tapia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_W._Golomb" title="Solomon W. Golomb">Solomon W. Golomb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Physical_sciences" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis W. Alvarez</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Rubey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rubey">William Rubey</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_H._Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Van Vleck">John H. Van Vleck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch_(geophysicist)" title="Francis Birch (geophysicist)">Francis Birch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hammett" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Hammett">Louis Hammett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Bartlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke" title="Robert H. Dicke">Robert H. Dicke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_R._Sandage" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan R. Sandage">Allan R. Sandage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Wheeler">John A. Wheeler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ewing" title="Maurice Ewing">Maurice Ewing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Linus Carl Pauling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_A._Bethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans A. Bethe">Hans A. Bethe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_O._Hirschfelder" title="Joseph O. Hirschfelder">Joseph O. Hirschfelder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sarett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Sarett">Lewis Sarett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard P. Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Mark">Herman Mark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Purcell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Purcell">Edward M. Purcell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Sinfelt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_F._Weisskopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip W. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Margaret_Burbidge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Margaret Burbidge">E. Margaret Burbidge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruno_B._Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno B. Rossi">Bruno B. Rossi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Schrieffer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Robert Schrieffer">J. Robert Schrieffer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_J._Buchsbaum" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Richard_Crane" title="H. Richard Crane">H. Richard Crane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Chen-Ning Yang</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elsasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Paul C. Lauterbur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_A._Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Van Allen">James A. Van Allen</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chu_Ching-wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Ching-wu">Paul Ching-Wu Chu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Sharp" title="Robert P. Sharp">Robert Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan M. Cormack</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. McMillan">Edwin M. McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Ed Stone</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_M._Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene M. Shoemaker">Eugene M. Shoemaker</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wallace_S._Broecker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace S. Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Don_L._Anderson" title="Don L. Anderson">Don L. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall">John N. Bahcall</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_E._Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis E. Lamb">Willis E. Lamb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_P._Ostriker" title="Jeremiah P. Ostriker">Jeremiah P. Ostriker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_F._White" title="Gilbert F. White">Gilbert F. White</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/W._Jason_Morgan" title="W. Jason Morgan">W. Jason Morgan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Brent_Dalrymple" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brent Dalrymple">G. Brent Dalrymple</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._Alpher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph A. Alpher">Ralph A. Alpher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles P. Slichter</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(astronomer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (astronomer)">James E. Gunn</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esther_M._Conwell" title="Esther M. Conwell">Esther M. Conwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Washington" title="Warren M. Washington">Warren M. Washington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manhattan_Project" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manhattan_Project" title="Template:Manhattan Project"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manhattan_Project" title="Template talk:Manhattan Project"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan_Project" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan Project"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manhattan_Project" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Manhattan_Project" title="Timeline of the Manhattan Project">Timeline</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Project" title="Ames Project">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron" title="Calutron">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="Metallurgical Laboratory">Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Site_A" title="Site A">Site A</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Project" title="Dayton Project">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Engineer_Works" title="Hanford Engineer Works">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Camel" title="Project Camel">Inyokern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Y" title="Project Y">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Laboratory" title="Montreal Laboratory">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Engineer_Works" title="Clinton Engineer Works">Oak Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Wells_Pilot_Plant" title="Salt Wells Pilot Plant">Salt Wells Pilot Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendover_Air_Force_Base" title="Wendover Air Force Base">Wendover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-9_Project" title="P-9 Project">Heavy water sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Conant" title="James B. Conant">James B. Conant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Duffield" title="Priscilla Duffield">Priscilla Duffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farrell_(United_States_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Farrell (United States Army officer)">Thomas Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Groves" title="Leslie Groves">Leslie Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lansdale_Jr." title="John Lansdale Jr.">John Lansdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Marshall" title="James C. Marshall">James Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Matthias" title="Franklin Matthias">Franklin Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McKibbin" title="Dorothy McKibbin">Dorothy McKibbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Nichols" title="Kenneth Nichols">Kenneth Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterling_Parsons" title="William Sterling Parsons">Deak Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Pash" title="Boris Pash">Boris Pash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Purnell" title="William R. Purnell">William Purnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Spedding" title="Frank Spedding">Frank Spedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Thomas" title="Charles Allen Thomas">Charles Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tibbets" title="Paul Tibbets">Paul Tibbets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Uanna" title="William L. Uanna">Bud Uanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_L._Warren" title="Stafford L. Warren">Stafford Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Westcott" title="Ed Westcott">Ed Westcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Charles_Wilson" title="Roscoe Charles Wilson">Roscoe Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Bradbury" title="Norris Bradbury">Norris Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Critchfield" title="Charles Critchfield">Charles Critchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Daghlian" title="Harry Daghlian">Harry Daghlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Dunning" title="John R. Dunning">John R. Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Pegram" title="George B. Pegram">George B. Pegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey_Jr." title="Norman Ramsey Jr.">Norman Ramsey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn Seaborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Slotin" title="Louis Slotin">Louis Slotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard" title="Leo Szilard">Leo Szilard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ulam" title="Stanisław Ulam">Stanisław Ulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson" title="Robert R. Wilson">Robert Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Woods" title="Leona Woods">Leona Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsos_Mission" title="Alsos Mission">Alsos Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peppermint" title="Operation Peppermint">Operation Peppermint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Alberta" title="Project Alberta">Project Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverplate" title="Silverplate">Silverplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/509th_Composite_Group" title="509th Composite Group">509th Composite Group</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bockscar" title="Bockscar">Bockscar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Artiste" title="The Great Artiste">The Great Artiste</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">Little Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_bomb" title="Pumpkin bomb">Pumpkin bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb)" title="Thin Man (nuclear bomb)">Thin Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_scientists_and_technicians_on_the_Manhattan_Project" title="African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1946">Atomic Energy Act of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_phosphate_process" title="Bismuth phosphate process">Bismuth phosphate process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron_Girls" title="Calutron Girls">Calutron Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_core" title="Demon core">Demon core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szilard_letter" title="Einstein–Szilard letter">Einstein–Szilard letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franck_Report" title="Franck Report">Franck Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Committee" title="Interim Committee">Interim Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">K-25 Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_Primer" title="Los Alamos Primer">Los Alamos Primer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_who_worked_on_the_Manhattan_Project" title="List of Nobel laureates who worked on the Manhattan Project">Nobel Prize laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_security_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Oppenheimer security hearing">Oppenheimer security hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RaLa_Experiment" title="RaLa Experiment">RaLa Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-1_Executive_Committee" title="S-1 Executive Committee">S-1 Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-50_(Manhattan_Project)" title="S-50 (Manhattan Project)">S-50 Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyth_Report" title="Smyth Report">Smyth Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-10_Graphite_Reactor" title="X-10 Graphite Reactor">X-10 Graphite Reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron" title="Calutron">Y-12 Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Manhattan_Project" title="Category:Manhattan Project">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" title="Template:Founding members of the World Cultural Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" title="Template talk:Founding members of the World Cultural Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Founding members of the World Cultural Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Founding members of the <a href="/wiki/World_Cultural_Council" title="World Cultural Council">World Cultural Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baddiley" title="James Baddiley">James Baddiley</a></li> <li>M. Balasegaram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barnaby" title="Frank Barnaby">Frank Barnaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Barnard" title="Christiaan Barnard">Christiaan Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Blakemore" title="Colin Blakemore">Colin Blakemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage N. Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Callan" title="H. G. Callan">Harold G. Callan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Frédéric Cournand</a></li> <li>William J. Darby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_de_Robertis" title="Eduardo de Robertis">Eduardo de Robertis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Jager" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelis de Jager">Cornelis de Jager</a></li> <li>Guy Blaudin de Thé</li> <li>Jean-François Denisse</li> <li>Venancio Deulofeu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Dixon" title="Frank J. Dixon">Frank J. Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard S. Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audouin_Dollfus" title="Audouin Dollfus">Audouin Dollfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-%C3%89mile_Dubois" title="Jacques-Émile Dubois">Jacques-Émile Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Durrell" title="Gerald Durrell">Gerald Durrell</a></li> <li>Francisco J. Dy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John C. Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Paul_Ehrlich_Jr." title="S. Paul Ehrlich Jr.">Paul Ehrlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a></li> <li>Mohammed El Fasi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Eliel" title="Ernest L. Eliel">Ernest L. Eliel</a></li> <li>Kenneth O. Emergy</li> <li>José Rafael Estrada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_J._Eysenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans J. Eysenck">Hans J. Eysenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_W._Fawcett" title="Don W. Fawcett">Don W. Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._J._Finney" title="D. J. Finney">David J. Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val L. Fitch</a></li> <li>Carl G. Gahmberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred D. Hershey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a></li> <li>Osmo H. Järvi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Victor_Jones" title="Reginald Victor Jones">Reginald V. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Kantrowitz" title="Adrian Kantrowitz">Adrian Kantrowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_O._Kaplan" title="Nathan O. Kaplan">Nathan O. Kaplan</a></li> <li>Leo A. Kaprio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassos_Karageorghis" title="Vassos Karageorghis">Vassos Karageorghis</a></li> <li>Peter E. Kent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_William_Kerst" title="Donald William Kerst">Donald W. Kerst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_S._Kety" title="Seymour S. Kety">Seymour S. Kety</a></li> <li>Prem N. Kirpal</li> <li>Georges B. Koelle</li> <li>Walther Manshard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Math%C3%A9" title="Georges Mathé">Georges Mathé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._McElroy" title="William D. McElroy">William D. McElroy</a></li> <li>Henry McIlwain</li> <li>John McMichael</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Melville_(chemist)" title="Harry Melville (chemist)">Harry Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond J. Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Moruzzi" title="Giuseppe Moruzzi">Giuseppe Moruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill F. Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Benjamin_Mountcastle" title="Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Munk" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Munk">Walter H. Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_G._Murgulescu" title="Ilie G. Murgulescu">Ilie G. Murgulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant V. Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis E. F. Néel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Ne%27eman" title="Yuval Ne'eman">Yuval Ne'eman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Neumann" title="Bernhard Neumann">Bernhard H. Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nierenberg" title="William Nierenberg">William A. Nierenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George E. Palade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pardee" title="Arthur Pardee">Arthur B. Pardee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Phillips_(chemist)" title="David Phillips (chemist)">David Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Piccard" title="Jacques Piccard">Jacques Piccard</a></li> <li>Jens J. Pindborg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comlan_A._A._Quenum" title="Comlan A. A. Quenum">Comlan A. A. Quenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Rahn" title="Hermann Rahn">Hermann Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._N._Ramachandran" title="G. N. Ramachandran">G. N. Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Randers" title="Gunnar Randers">Gunnar Randers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">Chintamani N. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Richards_(chemist)" title="Rex Richards (chemist)">Rex Richards</a></li> <li>Jean Rösch</li> <li>Abraham J. A. Roux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Runcorn" title="Keith Runcorn">Stanley K. Runcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sadler" title="Donald Sadler">Donald H. Sadler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim Said">Hakim Muhammad Saeed</a></li> <li>Nobufusa Saito</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></li> <li>Stuart J. Saunders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Max_Schiffer" title="Menahem Max Schiffer">Menahem Max Schiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Schneider" title="William G. Schneider">William G. Schneider</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Robert_Sears" title="Ernest Robert Sears">Ernest R. Sears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></li> <li>Leonard T. Skeggs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_%C5%9Alopek" title="Stefan Ślopek">Stefan Ślopek</a></li> <li>George J. Smets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">George D. Snell</a></li> <li>Leonard Sosnowky</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stewart_(geologist)" title="Frederick Stewart (geologist)">Frederick Stewart</a></li> <li>Heikki Suomalainen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_Swings" title="Pol Swings">Pol Swings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tanford" title="Charles Tanford">Charles Tanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tedder,_2nd_Baron_Tedder" title="John Tedder, 2nd Baron Tedder">John M. Tedder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Temin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Warris_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Warris Thompson">Harold Thompson</a></li> <li>Peter C. Thonemann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_V._Tobias" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip V. Tobias">Phillip V. Tobias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander R. Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Toennies" title="Jan Peter Toennies">Jan Peter Toennies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Trautman" title="Andrzej Trautman">Andrzej Trautman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tricart" title="Jean Tricart">Jean L. F. Tricart</a></li> <li>Ioan Ursu</li> <li>Constantin Vago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_van_Tamelen" title="Eugene van Tamelen">Eugene van Tamelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf S. von Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Walsh_(physicist)" title="Alan Walsh (physicist)">Alan Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joseph_Whelan" title="William Joseph Whelan">William J. Whelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Wiesner" title="Karel Wiesner">Karel F. Wiesner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young">John Z. 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href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810554416305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267717305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513954906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13921104">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00670648?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=128054">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6701902213">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:seaborg.g-t">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/glenn-t-seaborg/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/970684">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119206927.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119206927">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028872231">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580887">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6571c7v">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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