CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: GSM signal strength</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: GSM signal strength"> <meta name="keywords" content="GSM signal strength"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="GSM signal strength" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="GSM signal strength"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5293</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: GSM signal strength</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5293</span> Wavelet Based Residual Method of Detecting GSM Signal Strength Fading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danladi%20Ali">Danladi Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onah%20Festus%20Iloabuchi"> Onah Festus Iloabuchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, GSM signal strength was measured in order to detect the type of the signal fading phenomenon using one-dimensional multilevel wavelet residual method and neural network clustering to determine the average GSM signal strength received in the study area. The wavelet residual method predicted that the GSM signal experienced slow fading and attenuated with MSE of 3.875dB. The neural network clustering revealed that mostly -75dB, -85dB and -95dB were received. This means that the signal strength received in the study is a weak signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-dimensional%20multilevel%20wavelets" title="one-dimensional multilevel wavelets">one-dimensional multilevel wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20loss" title=" path loss"> path loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength" title=" GSM signal strength"> GSM signal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14434/wavelet-based-residual-method-of-detecting-gsm-signal-strength-fading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5292</span> Review: Wavelet New Tool for Path Loss Prediction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danladi%20Ali">Danladi Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Mukaila"> Abdullahi Mukaila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, GSM signal strength (power) was monitored in an indoor environment. Samples of the GSM signal strength was measured on mobile equipment (ME). One-dimensional multilevel wavelet is used to predict the fading phenomenon of the GSM signal measured and neural network clustering to determine the average power received in the study area. The wavelet prediction revealed that the GSM signal is attenuated due to the fast fading phenomenon which fades about 7 times faster than the radio wavelength while the neural network clustering determined that -75dBm appeared more frequently followed by -85dBm. The work revealed that significant part of the signal measured is dominated by weak signal and the signal followed more of Rayleigh than Gaussian distribution. This confirmed the wavelet prediction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition" title="decomposition">decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet" title=" wavelet"> wavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20strength%20and%20spectral%20efficiency" title=" signal strength and spectral efficiency"> signal strength and spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38599/review-wavelet-new-tool-for-path-loss-prediction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5291</span> Neural Network Based Path Loss Prediction for Global System for Mobile Communication in an Urban Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danladi%20Ali">Danladi Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we measured GSM signal strength in the Dnepropetrovsk city in order to predict path loss in study area using nonlinear autoregressive neural network prediction and we also, used neural network clustering to determine average GSM signal strength receive at the study area. The nonlinear auto-regressive neural network predicted that the GSM signal is attenuated with the mean square error (MSE) of 2.6748dB, this attenuation value is used to modify the COST 231 Hata and the Okumura-Hata models. The neural network clustering revealed that -75dB to -95dB is received more frequently. This means that the signal strength received at the study is mostly weak signal <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-dimensional%20multilevel%20wavelets" title="one-dimensional multilevel wavelets">one-dimensional multilevel wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20loss" title=" path loss"> path loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength" title=" GSM signal strength"> GSM signal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment%20and%20model" title=" urban environment and model"> urban environment and model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14119/neural-network-based-path-loss-prediction-for-global-system-for-mobile-communication-in-an-urban-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5290</span> Analysis of the Impact of Refractivity on Ultra High Frequency Signal Strength over Gusau, North West, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20G.%20Ayantunji">B. G. Ayantunji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Musa"> B. Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mai-Unguwa"> H. Mai-Unguwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20A.%20Sunmonu"> L. A. Sunmonu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Adewumi"> A. S. Adewumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sa%27ad"> L. Sa'ad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kado"> A. Kado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For achieving reliable and efficient communication system, both terrestrial and satellite communication, surface refractivity is critical in planning and design of radio links. This study analyzed the impact of atmospheric parameters on Ultra High Frequency (UHF) signal strength over Gusau, North West, Nigeria. The analysis exploited meteorological data measured simultaneously with UHF signal strength for the month of June 2017 using a Davis Vantage Pro2 automatic weather station and UHF signal strength measuring devices respectively. The instruments were situated at the premise of Federal University, Gusau (6° 78' N, 12° 13' E). The refractivity values were computed using ITU-R model. The result shows that the refractivity value attained the highest value of 366.28 at 2200hr and a minimum value of 350.66 at 2100hr local time. The correlation between signal strength and refractivity is 0.350; Humidity is 0.532 and a negative correlation of -0.515 for temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractivity" title="refractivity">refractivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHF%20%28ultra%20high%20frequency%29%20signal%20strength" title=" UHF (ultra high frequency) signal strength"> UHF (ultra high frequency) signal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space" title=" free space"> free space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20weather%20station" title=" automatic weather station"> automatic weather station</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83775/analysis-of-the-impact-of-refractivity-on-ultra-high-frequency-signal-strength-over-gusau-north-west-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5289</span> Evaluation of Hand Grip Strength and EMG Signal on Visual Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Wook%20Shin">Sung-Wook Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Taek%20Chung"> Sung-Taek Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hand grip strength has been utilized as an indicator to evaluate the motor ability of hands, responsible for performing multiple body functions. It is, however, difficult to evaluate other factors (other than hand muscular strength) utilizing the hand grip strength only. In this study, we analyzed the motor ability of hands using EMG and the hand grip strength, simultaneously in order to evaluate concentration, muscular strength reaction time, instantaneous muscular strength change, and agility in response to visual reaction. In results, the average time (and their standard deviations) of muscular strength reaction EMG signal and hand grip strength was found to be 209.6 ± 56.2 ms and 354.3 ± 54.6 ms, respectively. In addition, the onset time which represents acceleration time to reach 90% of maximum hand grip strength, was 382.9 ± 129.9 ms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20grip%20strength" title="hand grip strength">hand grip strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title=" EMG"> EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20reaction" title=" visual reaction"> visual reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance" title=" endurance"> endurance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11414/evaluation-of-hand-grip-strength-and-emg-signal-on-visual-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5288</span> Radio Based Location Detection </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pallikonda%20Rajasekaran">M. Pallikonda Rajasekaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Joshapath"> J. Joshapath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Prasad%20Shaw"> Abhishek Prasad Shaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various techniques has been employed to find location such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and Beidou (compass). This paper currently deals with finding location using the existing FM signals that operates between 88-108 MHz. The location can be determined based on the received signal strength of nearby existing FM stations by mapping the signal strength values using trilateration concept. Thus providing security to users data and maintains eco-friendly environment at zero installation cost as this technology already existing FM stations operating in commercial FM band 88-108 MHZ. Along with the signal strength based trilateration it also finds azimuthal angle of the transmitter by employing directional antenna like Yagi-Uda antenna at the receiver side. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location" title="location">location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existing%20FM%20signals" title=" existing FM signals"> existing FM signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=received%20signal%20strength" title=" received signal strength"> received signal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trilateration" title=" trilateration"> trilateration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly" title=" eco-friendly"> eco-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction" title=" direction"> direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20installation%20cost" title=" zero installation cost"> zero installation cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30050/radio-based-location-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5287</span> Received Signal Strength Indicator Based Localization of Bluetooth Devices Using Trilateration: An Improved Method for the Visually Impaired People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan%20Aziz">Muhammad Irfan Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Owens"> Thomas Owens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzair%20Khaleeq%20uz%20Zaman"> Uzair Khaleeq uz Zaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The instantaneous and spatial localization for visually impaired people in dynamically changing environments with unexpected hazards and obstacles, is the most demanding and challenging issue faced by the navigation systems today. Since Bluetooth cannot utilize techniques like Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Time of Arrival (TOA), it uses received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to measure Receive Signal Strength (RSS). The measurements using RSSI can be improved significantly by improving the existing methodologies related to RSSI. Therefore, the current paper focuses on proposing an improved method using trilateration for localization of Bluetooth devices for visually impaired people. To validate the method, class 2 Bluetooth devices were used along with the development of a software. Experiments were then conducted to obtain surface plots that showed the signal interferences and other environmental effects. Finally, the results obtained show the surface plots for all Bluetooth modules used along with the strong and weak points depicted as per the color codes in red, yellow and blue. It was concluded that the suggested improved method of measuring RSS using trilateration helped to not only measure signal strength affectively but also highlighted how the signal strength can be influenced by atmospheric conditions such as noise, reflections, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%2Foutdoor%20localization" title=" indoor/outdoor localization"> indoor/outdoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=received%20signal%20strength%20indicator" title=" received signal strength indicator"> received signal strength indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visually%20impaired" title=" visually impaired"> visually impaired</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101797/received-signal-strength-indicator-based-localization-of-bluetooth-devices-using-trilateration-an-improved-method-for-the-visually-impaired-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5286</span> Study of Three Channel Electrode Position to Detect Optimum Myoelectric Signal on Five Type Grasp Movement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilham%20Priadythama">Ilham Priadythama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pringgo%20Widyo%20Laksono"> Pringgo Widyo Laksono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agung%20Pamungkas"> Agung Pamungkas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myoelectric is prosthetic, flexible, and offered industrial application has been highly developed and widely used. Myoelectric hand use myoelectric signal from muscle to activate and control the membrane part of hand. Commonly myoelectric signal is detected on human arm from skin surface. So that it only small magnitude signal captured. Detecting myoelectric signal on the skin surface takes proper and consistent procedure. This paper provides preliminary study of electrodes position which gives best signal strength for five basic grasping. Two-position scenario used to place three channel electrodes set. A bi-potential amplifier based on AD620 used to amplify the signal. Finally, the signal was analyzed using DSSF3 software. From this study, we found that grasp type was stronger using first scenario electrode placement while the rest type better with another scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myoelectric%20signal" title="myoelectric signal">myoelectric signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20grasp" title=" basic grasp"> basic grasp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSSF3" title=" DSSF3"> DSSF3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-potential%20amplifier" title=" bi-potential amplifier"> bi-potential amplifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42663/study-of-three-channel-electrode-position-to-detect-optimum-myoelectric-signal-on-five-type-grasp-movement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5285</span> The Impact of the Training Program Provided by the Saudi Archery Federation on the Electromyography of the Bow Arm Muscles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Aljumayi">Hana Aljumayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Issa"> Mohammed Issa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the training program for professional athletes at the Saudi Archery Federation on the electrical activity of the muscles involved in pulling the bowstring, maximum muscle strength (MVC) and to identify the relationship between the electrical activity of these muscles and accuracy in shooting among female archers. The researcher used a descriptive approach that was suitable for the nature of the study, and a sample of nine female archers was selected using purposive sampling. An EMG device was used to measure signal amplitude, signal frequency, spectral energy signal, and MVC. The results showed statistically significant differences in signal amplitude among muscles, with F(8,1)=5.91 and a significance level of 0.02. There were also statistically significant differences between muscles in terms of signal frequency, with F(8,1)=8.23 and a significance level of 0.02. Bonferroni test results indicated statistically significant differences between measurements at a significance level of 0.05, with anterior measurements showing an average difference of 16.4 compared to other measurements. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between signal amplitude in the calf muscle and accuracy in shooting (r=-0.78) at a significance level of 0.02. There was also a significant positive correlation between signal frequency in the calf muscle and accuracy in shooting (r=0.72) at a significance level of 0.04. In conclusion, it appears that the training program for archery athletes focused more on skill development than physical aspects such as muscle activity and strength development. However, it did have a statistically significant effect on signal amplitude but not on signal frequency or MVC development in muscles involved in pulling the bowstring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20activity%20of%20muscles" title="electrical activity of muscles">electrical activity of muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archery%20sport" title=" archery sport"> archery sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shooting%20accuracy" title=" shooting accuracy"> shooting accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscles" title=" muscles"> muscles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169925/the-impact-of-the-training-program-provided-by-the-saudi-archery-federation-on-the-electromyography-of-the-bow-arm-muscles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5284</span> Enhancement Effect of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based MRI Contrast Agent at Different Concentrations and Magnetic Field Strengths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bimali%20Sanjeevani%20Weerakoon">Bimali Sanjeevani Weerakoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiaki%20Osuga"> Toshiaki Osuga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takehisa%20Konishi"> Takehisa Konishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (MRI-CM) are significant in the clinical and biological imaging as they have the ability to alter the normal tissue contrast, thereby affecting the signal intensity to enhance the visibility and detectability of images. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, coated with dextran or carboxydextran are currently available for clinical MR imaging of the liver. Most SPIO contrast agents are T2 shortening agents and Resovist (Ferucarbotran) is one of a clinically tested, organ-specific, SPIO agent which has a low molecular carboxydextran coating. The enhancement effect of Resovist depends on its relaxivity which in turn depends on factors like magnetic field strength, concentrations, nanoparticle properties, pH and temperature. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of field strength and different contrast concentrations on enhancement effects of Resovist. The study explored the MRI signal intensity of Resovist in the physiological range of plasma from T2-weighted spin echo sequence at three magnetic field strengths: 0.47 T (r1=15, r2=101), 1.5 T (r1=7.4, r2=95), and 3 T (r1=3.3, r2=160) and the range of contrast concentrations by a mathematical simulation. Relaxivities of r1 and r2 (L mmol-1 Sec-1) were obtained from a previous study and the selected concentrations were 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mmol/L. T2-weighted images were simulated using TR/TE ratio as 2000 ms /100 ms. According to the reference literature, with increasing magnetic field strengths, the r1 relaxivity tends to decrease while the r2 did not show any systematic relationship with the selected field strengths. In parallel, this study results revealed that the signal intensity of Resovist at lower concentrations tends to increase than the higher concentrations. The highest reported signal intensity was observed in the low field strength of 0.47 T. The maximum signal intensities for 0.47 T, 1.5 T and 3 T were found at the concentration levels of 0.05, 0.06 and 0.05 mmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, it was revealed that, the concentrations higher than the above, the signal intensity was decreased exponentially. An inverse relationship can be found between the field strength and T2 relaxation time, whereas, the field strength was increased, T2 relaxation time was decreased accordingly. However, resulted T2 relaxation time was not significantly different between 0.47 T and 1.5 T in this study. Moreover, a linear correlation of transverse relaxation rates (1/T2, s–1) with the concentrations of Resovist can be observed. According to these results, it can conclude that the concentration of SPIO nanoparticle contrast agents and the field strengths of MRI are two important parameters which can affect the signal intensity of T2-weighted SE sequence. Therefore, when MR imaging those two parameters should be considered prudently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Concentration" title="Concentration">Concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resovist" title=" resovist"> resovist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20strength" title=" field strength"> field strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxivity" title=" relaxivity"> relaxivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20intensity" title=" signal intensity"> signal intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37638/enhancement-effect-of-superparamagnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticle-based-mri-contrast-agent-at-different-concentrations-and-magnetic-field-strengths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5283</span> Enhancing Signal Reception in a Mobile Radio Network Using Adaptive Beamforming Antenna Arrays Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugwu%20O.%20C.">Ugwu O. C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamah%20R.%20O."> Mamah R. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awudu%20W.%20S."> Awudu W. S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is aimed at enhancing signal reception on a mobile radio network and minimizing outage probability in a mobile radio network using adaptive beamforming antenna arrays. In this research work, an empirical real-time drive measurement was done in a cellular network of Globalcom Nigeria Limited located at Ikeja, the headquarters of Lagos State, Nigeria, with reference base station number KJA 004. The empirical measurement includes Received Signal Strength and Bit Error Rate which were recorded for exact prediction of the signal strength of the network as at the time of carrying out this research work. The Received Signal Strength and Bit Error Rate were measured with a spectrum monitoring Van with the help of a Ray Tracer at an interval of 100 meters up to 700 meters from the transmitting base station. The distance and angular location measurements from the reference network were done with the help Global Positioning System (GPS). The other equipment used were transmitting equipment measurements software (Temsoftware), Laptops and log files, which showed received signal strength with distance from the base station. Results obtained were about 11% from the real-time experiment, which showed that mobile radio networks are prone to signal failure and can be minimized using an Adaptive Beamforming Antenna Array in terms of a significant reduction in Bit Error Rate, which implies improved performance of the mobile radio network. In addition, this work did not only include experiments done through empirical measurement but also enhanced mathematical models that were developed and implemented as a reference model for accurate prediction. The proposed signal models were based on the analysis of continuous time and discrete space, and some other assumptions. These developed (proposed) enhanced models were validated using MATLAB (version 7.6.3.35) program and compared with the conventional antenna for accuracy. These outage models were used to manage the blocked call experience in the mobile radio network. 20% improvement was obtained when the adaptive beamforming antenna arrays were implemented on the wireless mobile radio network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beamforming%20algorithm" title="beamforming algorithm">beamforming algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20beamforming" title=" adaptive beamforming"> adaptive beamforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulink" title=" simulink"> simulink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reception" title=" reception"> reception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187374/enhancing-signal-reception-in-a-mobile-radio-network-using-adaptive-beamforming-antenna-arrays-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5282</span> Localization of Buried People Using Received Signal Strength Indication Measurement of Wireless Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Tao">Feng Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Ye"> Han Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaoyi%20Liao"> Shaoyi Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> City constructions collapse after earthquake and people will be buried under ruins. Search and rescue should be conducted as soon as possible to save them. Therefore, according to the complicated environment, irregular aftershocks and rescue allow of no delay, a kind of target localization method based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) is proposed in this article. The target localization technology based on RSSI with the features of low cost and low complexity has been widely applied to nodes localization in WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks). Based on the theory of RSSI transmission and the environment impact to RSSI, this article conducts the experiments in five scenes, and multiple filtering algorithms are applied to original RSSI value in order to establish the signal propagation model with minimum test error respectively. Target location can be calculated from the distance, which can be estimated from signal propagation model, through improved centroid algorithm. Result shows that the localization technology based on RSSI is suitable for large-scale nodes localization. Among filtering algorithms, mixed filtering algorithm (average of average, median and Gaussian filtering) performs better than any other single filtering algorithm, and by using the signal propagation model, the minimum error of distance between known nodes and target node in the five scene is about 3.06m. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20propagation%20model" title="signal propagation model">signal propagation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centroid%20algorithm" title=" centroid algorithm"> centroid algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20filtering" title=" mixed filtering"> mixed filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSSI" title=" RSSI"> RSSI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75284/localization-of-buried-people-using-received-signal-strength-indication-measurement-of-wireless-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5281</span> LEDs Based Indoor Positioning by Distances Derivation from Lambertian Illumination Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Ren%20Chen">Yan-Ren Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenn-Kaie%20Lain"> Jenn-Kaie Lain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a novel indoor positioning algorithm based on visible light communications, implemented by light-emitting diode fixtures. In the proposed positioning algorithm, distances between light-emitting diode fixtures and mobile terminal are derived from the assumption of ideal Lambertian optic radiation model, and Trilateration positioning method is proceeded immediately to get the coordinates of mobile terminal. The proposed positioning algorithm directly obtains distance information from the optical signal modeling, and therefore, statistical distribution of received signal strength at different positions in interior space has no need to be pre-established. Numerically, simulation results have shown that the proposed indoor positioning algorithm can provide accurate location coordinates estimation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20positioning" title="indoor positioning">indoor positioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=received%20signal%20strength" title=" received signal strength"> received signal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trilateration" title=" trilateration"> trilateration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visible%20light%20communications" title=" visible light communications"> visible light communications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10276/leds-based-indoor-positioning-by-distances-derivation-from-lambertian-illumination-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5280</span> In-door Localization Algorithm and Appropriate Implementation Using Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeniran%20K.%20Ademuwagun">Adeniran K. Ademuwagun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alastair%20Allen"> Alastair Allen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship dependence between RSS and distance in an enclosed environment is an important consideration because it is a factor that can influence the reliability of any localization algorithm founded on RSS. Several algorithms effectively reduce the variance of RSS to improve localization or accuracy performance. Our proposed algorithm essentially avoids this pitfall and consequently, its high adaptability in the face of erratic radio signal. Using 3 anchors in close proximity of each other, we are able to establish that RSS can be used as reliable indicator for localization with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Inherent in this concept, is the ability for each prospective anchor to validate (guarantee) the position or the proximity of the other 2 anchors involved in the localization and vice versa. This procedure ensures that the uncertainties of radio signals due to multipath effects in enclosed environments are minimized. A major driver of this idea is the implicit topological relationship among sensors due to raw radio signal strength. The algorithm is an area based algorithm; however, it does not trade accuracy for precision (i.e the size of the returned area). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anchor%20nodes" title="anchor nodes">anchor nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centroid%20algorithm" title=" centroid algorithm"> centroid algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20graph" title=" communication graph"> communication graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20signal%20strength" title=" radio signal strength"> radio signal strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34186/in-door-localization-algorithm-and-appropriate-implementation-using-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5279</span> Relation of Electromyography, Strength and Fatigue During Ramp Isometric Contractions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Ferreira%20Amorim">Cesar Ferreira Amorim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamotsu%20Hirata"> Tamotsu Hirata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runer%20Augusto%20Marson"> Runer Augusto Marson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strength ramp isometric contraction on changes in surface electromyography (sEMG) signal characteristics of the hamstrings muscles. All measurements were obtained from 20 healthy well trained healthy adults (age 19.5 ± 0.8 yrs, body mass 63.4 ± 1.5 kg, height: 1.65 ± 0.05 m). Subjects had to perform isometric ramp contractions in knee flexion with the force gradually increasing from 0 to 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in a 20s period. The root mean square (RMS) amplitude of sEMG signals obtained from the biceps femoris (caput longum) were calculated at four different strength levels (10, 20, 30, and 40% MVC) from the ramp isometric contractions (5s during the 20s task %MVC). The main results were a more pronounced increase non-linear in sEMG-RMS amplitude for the muscles. The protocol described here may provide a useful index for measuring of strength neuromuscular fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosignal" title="biosignal">biosignal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20electromyography" title=" surface electromyography"> surface electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ramp%20contractions" title=" ramp contractions"> ramp contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32275/relation-of-electromyography-strength-and-fatigue-during-ramp-isometric-contractions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5278</span> The Effect of Cassava Starch on Compressive Strength and Tear Strength of Alginate Impression Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirna%20Febriani">Mirna Febriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statement of problem. Alginate impression material is an imported material and a dentist always used this material to make impression of teeth and oral cavity tissues. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare about compressive strength and tear strength of alginate impression material and alginate impression material combined with cassava. Material and methods.Property measured included compressive strength and tear strength. Results.The compressive strength and tear strength of the impression materials tested of a comparable ANSI/ADA standard no.18.The compressive strength and tear strength alginate impression material combined with cassava have lower than the compressive strength and tear strength alginate impression material. The alginate impression material combined with cassava has more water and silica content more decrease than alginate impression material. Conclusions.We concluded that compressive strength and tear strength of alginate impression material combined with cassava has lower than alginate impression material without cassava starch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tear%20strength" title=" tear strength"> tear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassava%20starch" title=" Cassava starch"> Cassava starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alginate" title=" alginate"> alginate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64938/the-effect-of-cassava-starch-on-compressive-strength-and-tear-strength-of-alginate-impression-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5277</span> Using LTE-Sim in New Hanover Decision Algorithm for 2-Tier Macrocell-Femtocell LTE Network </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20D.%20M.">Umar D. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20A.%20M."> Aminu A. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izaddeen%20K.%20Y."> Izaddeen K. Y.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deployments of mini macrocell base stations also referred to as femtocells, improve the quality of service of indoor and outdoor users. Nevertheless, mobility management remains a key issue with regards to their deployment. This paper is leaned towards this issue, with an in-depth focus on the most important aspect of mobility management -handover. In handover management, making a handover decision in the LTE two-tier macrocell femtocell network is a crucial research area. Decision algorithms in this research are classified and comparatively analyzed according to received signal strength, user equipment speed, cost function, and interference. However, it was observed that most of the discussed decision algorithms fail to consider cell selection with hybrid access policy in a single macrocell multiple femtocell scenario, another observation was a majority of these algorithms lack the incorporation of user equipment residence parameter. Not including this parameter boosts the number of unnecessary handover occurrence. To deal with these issues, a sophisticated handover decision algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm considers the user’s velocity, received signal strength, residence time, as well as the femtocell base station’s access policy. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of unnecessary handovers when compared to conventional received signal strength-based handover decision algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user-equipment" title="user-equipment">user-equipment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20signal%20service" title=" radio signal service"> radio signal service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20term%20evolution" title=" long term evolution"> long term evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20management" title=" mobility management"> mobility management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handoff" title=" handoff"> handoff</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120381/using-lte-sim-in-new-hanover-decision-algorithm-for-2-tier-macrocell-femtocell-lte-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5276</span> The Selection of the Nearest Anchor Using Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hichem%20Sassi">Hichem Sassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tawfik%20Najeh"> Tawfik Najeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Liouane"> Noureddine Liouane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The localization information is crucial for the operation of WSN. There are principally two types of localization algorithms. The Range-based localization algorithm has strict requirements on hardware; thus, it is expensive to be implemented in practice. The Range-free localization algorithm reduces the hardware cost. However, it can only achieve high accuracy in ideal scenarios. In this paper, we locate unknown nodes by incorporating the advantages of these two types of methods. The proposed algorithm makes the unknown nodes select the nearest anchor using the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and choose two other anchors which are the most accurate to achieve the estimated location. Our algorithm improves the localization accuracy compared with previous algorithms, which has been demonstrated by the simulating results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title="WSN">WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DV-Hop" title=" DV-Hop"> DV-Hop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSSI" title=" RSSI"> RSSI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36091/the-selection-of-the-nearest-anchor-using-received-signal-strength-indication-rssi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5275</span> 3D Electromagnetic Mapping of the Signal Strength in Long Term Evolution Technology in the Livestock Department of ESPOCH</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinthia%20Campoverde">Cinthia Campoverde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mateo%20Benavidez"> Mateo Benavidez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Arias"> Victor Arias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milton%20Torres"> Milton Torres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article focuses on the 3D electromagnetic mapping of the intensity of the signal received by a mobile antenna within the open areas of the Department of Livestock of the Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), located in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. The transmitting antenna belongs to the mobile telephone company ”TUENTI”, and is analyzed in the 2 GHz bands, operating at a frequency of 1940 MHz, using Long Term Evolution (LTE). Power signal strength data in the area were measured empirically using the ”Network Cell Info” application. A total of 170 samples were collected, distributed in 19 concentric circles around the base station. 3 campaigns were carried out at the same time, with similar traffic, and average values were obtained at each point, which varies between -65.33 dBm to -101.67 dBm. Also, the two virtualization software used are Sketchup and Unreal. Finally, the virtualized environment was visualized through virtual reality using Oculus 3D glasses, where the power levels are displayed according to a range of powers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reception%20power" title="reception power">reception power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE%20technology" title=" LTE technology"> LTE technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtualization" title=" virtualization"> virtualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20levels" title=" power levels"> power levels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170399/3d-electromagnetic-mapping-of-the-signal-strength-in-long-term-evolution-technology-in-the-livestock-department-of-espoch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5274</span> Effect of Confinement on Flexural Tensile Strength of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ahmed">M. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Mallick"> Javed Mallick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Abul%20Hasan"> Mohammad Abul Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The flexural tensile strength of concrete is an important parameter for determining cracking behavior of concrete structure and to compute deflection under flexure. Many factors have been shown to influence the flexural tensile strength, particularly the level of concrete strength, size of member, age of concrete and confinement to flexure member etc. Empirical equations have been suggested to relate the flexural tensile strength and compressive strength. Limited literature is available for relationship between flexural tensile strength and compressive strength giving consideration to the factors affecting the flexural tensile strength specially the concrete confinement factor. The concrete member such as slabs, beams and columns critical locations are under confinement effects. The paper presents the experimental study to predict the flexural tensile strength and compressive strength empirical relations using statistical procedures considering the effect of confinement and age of concrete for wide range of concrete strength (from 35 to about 100 MPa). It is concluded from study that due consideration of confinement should be given in deriving the flexural tensile strength and compressive strength proportionality equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20tensile%20strength" title=" flexural tensile strength"> flexural tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20rupture" title=" modulus of rupture"> modulus of rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20procedures" title=" statistical procedures"> statistical procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20confinement" title=" concrete confinement"> concrete confinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2078/effect-of-confinement-on-flexural-tensile-strength-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5273</span> Classification of Cochannel Signals Using Cyclostationary Signal Processing and Deep Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryan%20Crompton">Bryan Crompton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Giger"> Daniel Giger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanay%20Mehta"> Tanay Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apurva%20Mody"> Apurva Mody</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The task of classifying radio frequency (RF) signals has seen recent success in employing deep neural network models. In this work, we present a combined signal processing and machine learning approach to signal classification for cochannel anomalous signals. The power spectral density and cyclostationary signal processing features of a captured signal are computed and fed into a neural net to produce a classification decision. Our combined signal preprocessing and machine learning approach allows for simpler neural networks with fast training times and small computational resource requirements for inference with longer preprocessing time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title="signal processing">signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclostationary%20signal%20processing" title=" cyclostationary signal processing"> cyclostationary signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20classification" title=" signal classification"> signal classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164958/classification-of-cochannel-signals-using-cyclostationary-signal-processing-and-deep-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5272</span> Voice Signal Processing and Coding in MATLAB Generating a Plasma Signal in a Tesla Coil for a Security System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Jimenez">Juan Jimenez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20Yambay"> Erika Yambay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayana%20Pilco"> Dayana Pilco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brayan%20Parra"> Brayan Parra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an investigation of voice signal processing and coding using MATLAB, with the objective of generating a plasma signal on a Tesla coil within a security system. The approach focuses on using advanced voice signal processing techniques to encode and modulate the audio signal, which is then amplified and applied to a Tesla coil. The result is the creation of a striking visual effect of voice-controlled plasma with specific applications in security systems. The article explores the technical aspects of voice signal processing, the generation of the plasma signal, and its relationship to security. The implications and creative potential of this technology are discussed, highlighting its relevance at the forefront of research in signal processing and visual effect generation in the field of security systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20signal%20processing" title="voice signal processing">voice signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20signal%20coding" title=" voice signal coding"> voice signal coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20signal" title=" plasma signal"> plasma signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesla%20coil" title=" Tesla coil"> Tesla coil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20system" title=" security system"> security system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20effects" title=" visual effects"> visual effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audiovisual%20interaction" title=" audiovisual interaction"> audiovisual interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170828/voice-signal-processing-and-coding-in-matlab-generating-a-plasma-signal-in-a-tesla-coil-for-a-security-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5271</span> All Optical Wavelength Conversion Based On Four Wave Mixing in Optical Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surinder%20Singh">Surinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gursewak%20Singh%20Lovkesh"> Gursewak Singh Lovkesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have designed wavelength conversion based on four wave mixing in an optical fiber at 10 Gb/s. The power of converted signal increases with increase in signal power. The converted signal power is investigated as a function of input signal power and pump power. On comparison of converted signal power at different value of input signal power, we observe that best converted signal power is obtained at -2 dBm input signal power for both up conversion as well as for down conversion. Further, FWM efficiency, quality factor is observed for increase in input signal power and optical fiber length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FWM" title="FWM">FWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiiber" title=" optical fiiber"> optical fiiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelngth%20converter" title=" wavelngth converter"> wavelngth converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15950/all-optical-wavelength-conversion-based-on-four-wave-mixing-in-optical-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5270</span> Transient Signal Generator For Fault Indicator Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shaban">Mohamed Shaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alfallah"> Ali Alfallah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes an application for testing of a fault indicator but it could be used for other network protection testing. The application is created in the LabVIEW environment and consists of three parts. The first part of the application is determined for transient phenomenon generation and imitates voltage and current transient signal at ground fault originate. The second part allows to set sequences of trend for each current and voltage output signal, up to six trends for each phase. The last part of the application generates harmonic signal with continuously controllable amplitude of current or voltage output signal and phase shift of each signal can be changed there. Further any sub-harmonics and upper harmonics can be added to selected current output signal <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20generator-fault%20indicator" title="signal generator-fault indicator">signal generator-fault indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20signal%20generator" title=" harmonic signal generator"> harmonic signal generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20output" title=" voltage output "> voltage output </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19158/transient-signal-generator-for-fault-indicator-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5269</span> Signal Strength Based Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chothmal">Chothmal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a route discovery process which uses the signal strength on a link as a parameter of its inclusion in the route discovery method. The proposed signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) based multipath reactive routing protocol is named as SINR-MP protocol. The proposed SINR-MP routing protocols has two following two features: a) SINR-MP protocol selects routes based on the SINR of the links during the route discovery process therefore it select the routes which has long lifetime and low frame error rate for data transmission, and b) SINR-MP protocols route discovery process is multipath which discovers more than one SINR based route between a given source destination pair. The multiple routes selected by our SINR-MP protocol are node-disjoint in nature which increases their robustness against link failures, as failure of one route will not affect the other route. The secondary route is very useful in situations where the primary route is broken because we can now use the secondary route without causing a new route discovery process. Due to this, the network overhead caused by a route discovery process is avoided. This increases the network performance greatly. The proposed SINR-MP routing protocol is implemented in the trail version of network simulator called Qualnet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad%20hoc%20networks" title="ad hoc networks">ad hoc networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20service" title=" quality of service"> quality of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20streaming" title=" video streaming"> video streaming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.264%2FSVC" title=" H.264/SVC"> H.264/SVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20routes" title=" multiple routes"> multiple routes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20traces" title=" video traces"> video traces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46573/signal-strength-based-multipath-routing-for-mobile-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5268</span> Evaluation of Applicability of High Strength Stirrup for Prestressed Concrete Members </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.-Y.%20Lee">J.-Y. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.-S.%20Lim"> H.-S. Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.-E.%20Kim"> S.-E. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the use of high-strength materials is increasing as the construction of large structures and high-rise structures increases. This paper presents an analysis of the shear behavior of prestressed concrete members with various types of materials by simulating a finite element (FE) analysis. The analytical results indicated that the shear strength and shear failure mode were strongly influenced by not only the shear reinforcement ratio but also the yield strength of shear reinforcement and the compressive strength of concrete. Though the yield strength of shear reinforcement increased the shear strength of prestressed concrete members, there was a limit to the increase in strength because of the change of shear failure modes. According to the results of FE analysis on various parameters, the maximum yield strength of the steel stirrup that can be applied to prestressed concrete members was about 860 MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prestressed%20concrete%20members" title="prestressed concrete members">prestressed concrete members</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20reinforcing%20bars" title=" high strength reinforcing bars"> high strength reinforcing bars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20concrete" title=" high strength concrete"> high strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20behavior" title=" shear behavior"> shear behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65500/evaluation-of-applicability-of-high-strength-stirrup-for-prestressed-concrete-members" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5267</span> Carrier Communication through Power Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavuluri%20Gopikrishna">Pavuluri Gopikrishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Neelima"> B. Neelima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power line carrier communication means audio power transmission via power line and reception of the amplified audio power at the receiver as in the form of speaker output signal using power line as the channel medium. The main objective of this suggested work is to transmit our message signal after frequency modulation by the help of FM modulator IC LM565 which gives output proportional to the input voltage of the input message signal. And this audio power is received from the power line by the help of isolation circuit and demodulated from IC LM565 which uses the concept of the PLL and produces FM demodulated signal to the listener. Message signal will be transmitted over the carrier signal that will be generated from the FM modulator IC LM565. Using this message signal will not damage because of no direct contact of message signal from the power line, but noise can disturb our information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplification" title="amplification">amplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fm%20demodulator%20ic%20565" title=" fm demodulator ic 565"> fm demodulator ic 565</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fm%20modulator%20ic%20565" title=" fm modulator ic 565"> fm modulator ic 565</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title=" phase locked loop"> phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20isolation" title=" power isolation"> power isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31017/carrier-communication-through-power-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5266</span> Exploiting Fast Independent Component Analysis Based Algorithm for Equalization of Impaired Baseband Received Signal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair">Muhammad Umair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Qasim%20Gilani"> Syed Qasim Gilani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A technique using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for blind receiver signal processing is investigated. The problem of the receiver signal processing is viewed as of signal equalization and implementation imperfections compensation. Based on this, a model similar to a general ICA problem is developed for the received signal. Then, the use of ICA technique for blind signal equalization in the time domain is presented. The equalization is regarded as a signal separation problem, since the desired signal is separated from interference terms. This problem is addressed in the paper by over-sampling of the received signal. By using ICA for equalization, besides channel equalization, other transmission imperfections such as Direct current (DC) bias offset, carrier phase and In phase Quadrature phase imbalance will also be corrected. Simulation results for a system using 16-Quadraure Amplitude Modulation(QAM) are presented to show the performance of the proposed scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind%20equalization" title="blind equalization">blind equalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind%20signal%20separation" title=" blind signal separation"> blind signal separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equalization" title=" equalization"> equalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20component%20analysis" title=" independent component analysis"> independent component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20impairments" title=" transmission impairments"> transmission impairments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QAM%20receiver" title=" QAM receiver"> QAM receiver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94433/exploiting-fast-independent-component-analysis-based-algorithm-for-equalization-of-impaired-baseband-received-signal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5265</span> RF Propagation Analysis in Outdoor Environments Using RSSI Measurements Applied in ZigBee Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teles%20de%20Sales%20Bezerra">Teles de Sales Bezerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saulo%20Aislan%20da%20Silva%20Eleuterio"> Saulo Aislan da Silva Eleuterio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Anderson%20Rodrigues%20de%20Souza"> José Anderson Rodrigues de Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeronimo%20Silva%20Rocha"> Jeronimo Silva Rocha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propagation in radio frequency is a constant concern in the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), the behavior of an environment determines how good the quality of signal reception. The objective of this paper is to analyze the behavior of a WSN in an environment for agriculture where environmental variables are present and correlate the capture of values received signal strength (RSSI) with a propagation model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title="propagation">propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20471/rf-propagation-analysis-in-outdoor-environments-using-rssi-measurements-applied-in-zigbee-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">754</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5264</span> Minimum Data of a Speech Signal as Special Indicators of Identification in Phonoscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazaket%20Gazieva">Nazaket Gazieva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Voice biometric data associated with physiological, psychological and other factors are widely used in forensic phonoscopy. There are various methods for identifying and verifying a person by voice. This article explores the minimum speech signal data as individual parameters of a speech signal. Monozygotic twins are believed to be genetically identical. Using the minimum data of the speech signal, we came to the conclusion that the voice imprint of monozygotic twins is individual. According to the conclusion of the experiment, we can conclude that the minimum indicators of the speech signal are more stable and reliable for phonoscopic examinations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonogram" title="phonogram">phonogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20signal" title=" speech signal"> speech signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20characteristics" title=" temporal characteristics"> temporal characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20frequency" title=" fundamental frequency"> fundamental frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometric%20fingerprints" title=" biometric fingerprints"> biometric fingerprints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110332/minimum-data-of-a-speech-signal-as-special-indicators-of-identification-in-phonoscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=176">176</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=177">177</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>