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Les convulsions de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ne pouvaient laisser indiff\u00e9rente la Su\u00e8de , rest\u00e9e officiellement neutre. D\u00e8s 1941 se dessinait \u00e0 travers les revues l'\u00e9cole dite des ann\u00e9es quarante ( 40-tal , qui sera aussi le titre de la revue porte-parole de ces \u00e9crivains, 1944-1947), qui reprenait les grands th\u00e8mes existentialistes (angoisse, crainte, pessimisme), exigeait l'engagement \u2014 notamment politique \u2014 de l'\u00e9crivain tout en revendiquant un renouvellement radical de la forme, dans la ligne des recherches fran\u00e7aises et anglaises. Le plus repr\u00e9sentatif des jeunes \u00e9crivains de grand talent qui firent le 40-tal est certainement Stig Dagerman. 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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_534716667b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>DAGERMAN </strong><span class="pc">STIG </span><span class="label-sub"> (1923-1954)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT825043_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT825043_0"></i><p> Les convulsions de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ne pouvaient laisser indifférente la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La Suède est restée plus longtemps que les autres pays scandinaves dépourvue d'histoire écrite. Les temps archaïques, sur lesquels la documentation se limite aux données de l'archéologie, de l'épigraphie runique et de quelques traditions plus ou moins mythiques consignées dans les pays étrangers, s'y prolongent jusqu'au milieu du xii e siècle.. Ainsi s'expliquent les incertitudes q..." title="Article : SUÈDE" href="/encyclopedie/suede/">Suède</a>, restée officiellement neutre. Dès 1941 se dessinait à travers les revues l'école dite des années quarante (<em>40-tal</em>, qui sera aussi le titre de la revue porte-parole de ces écrivains, 1944-1947), qui reprenait les grands thèmes existentialistes (angoisse, crainte, pessimisme), exigeait l'engagement — notamment politique — de l'écrivain tout en revendiquant un renouvellement radical de la forme, dans la ligne des recherches françaises et anglaises. Le plus représentatif des jeunes écrivains de grand talent qui firent le 40-tal est certainement Stig Dagerman. Fils de carrier, originaire du nord de la Suède, il débutera dans la vie par une activité de syndicaliste de gauche qui l'amènera à écrire dans le journal ouvrier <em>Arbetaren</em>, où il publiera aussi des <em>Éphémérides</em> et un très émouvant reportage sur la condition de l'Allemagne de l'immédiat après-guerre, <em>Automne allemand</em> (1946) : au lieu de stigmatiser la faute allemande, il se penche sur la misérable situation du peuple vaincu. En même temps, il ouvre son œuvre romanesque avec <em>Le Serpent</em> (1945) qui, derrière une dénonciation du scandale que représente à ses yeux la neutralité suédoise, se veut un livre symbolique où l'auteur entend « regarder l'angoisse dans les yeux au lieu de s'esquiver en rampant dans [...] la mystique infantile », en finir avec le subjectivisme complaisant pour traiter sans aménité de la condition de l'homme d'aujourd'hui. Sous des affabulations diverses, dans une langue d'une étonnante force de persuasion, on retrouvera cette volonté de ne pas ruser avec les problèmes urgents de l'ici et du maintenant dans des romans, parfois presque allégoriques, comme <em>L'Île des condamnés</em> (1947), <em>Les Jeux de la nuit</em> (1947), l'insoutenable <em>Enfant brûlé</em> (1948), le farcesque <em>Ennuis de noces</em> (1949), ou encore dans un drame comme <em>Le Condamné à mort</em> (1947). Par la suite, Dagerman ne produira plus que des pièces pour le théâtre ou la radio, d'inégale valeur. Il s'enfonce dans un « Inferno » personnel dont il décidera de sortir par la mort volontaire, le 4 novembre 1954, à trente et un ans. On a beaucoup épilogué sur le geste de celui qui fut à la fois le directeur de conscience de sa génération, à la manière de Camus dont il a la gravité, et l'indispensable protestataire, dans le sillage de Bernanos qu'il évoque par la générosité et l'intensité de ses indignations, toute foi religieuse mise à part. Parti de l'amour de la vie et de ses semblables, il aura fait, par le biais d'une méditation sans complaisance, ce que l'on est convenu d'appeler l'expérience du vide ontologique.</p><p>Dagerman partait de principes idéalistes de justice, de tolérance et de démocratie, et fustigeait la prétendue civilisation moderne qui bafoue l'humain. L'énorme bêtise de notre temps artificiel et fasciné de totalitarisme lui inspirait en même temps une chaleureuse compassion qu'obsède le thème de la cruauté, omniprésent dans son œuvre. Mais cet auteur hanté par la mort et n'ayant pu trouver la ou les valeurs transcendantes qui justifieraient en dernière analyse sa quête d'amour éperdue, devait bien finir par vivre l'expérience du vide ontologique, à la Beckett. De là, la montée croissante des thèmes de l'angoisse et de la peur, qu'il a tenté de fuir dans l'action politique, la pitié, l'attention à l'enfant, voire dans le divertissement, au sens pascalien du terme. Attitude, évidemment, qui recouvre un romantisme impénitent. Mais qui explique aussi qu'il ait voulu montrer qu'il aurait « le courage de sombrer les yeux ouverts ». Toute idéologie mise à part, il reste un style merveilleusement neuf et adapté à cette sincérité frémissante.<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T825043_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="BOYER, Régis"><a title="Auteur : Régis BOYER" rel="author" href="/auteurs/regis-boyer/"><strong>Régis BOYER</strong></a> : professeur émérite (langues, littératures et civilisation scandinaves) à l'université de Paris-IV-Sorbonne </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : DAGERMAN STIG (1923-1954)" href="/carte-mentale/stig-dagerman/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT825043_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Littératures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Littératures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/"> Écrivains </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains européens" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/"> Écrivains européens </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains scandinaves" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/ecrivains-scandinaves/"> Écrivains scandinaves </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Écrivains danois"> <a title="Classification : Écrivains danois" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/ecrivains-scandinaves/ecrivains-danois/"> Écrivains danois </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT825043_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/suede/#c93857"> <span class="rg">SUÈDE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Régis BOYER</span> , <span rel="author">Michel CABOURET</span> , <span rel="author">Maurice CARREZ</span> , <span rel="author">Georges CHABOT</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Claude MAITROT</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre MOUSSON-LESTANG</span> , <span rel="author">Lucien MUSSET</span> , <span rel="author">Claude NORDMANN</span> et <span rel="author">Jean PARENT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">35 773 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">19 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : SU&Egrave;DE" href="/encyclopedie/suede/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Suède : carte physique - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/d/csm_at018104_ed1fdce155.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...quand ils ne recherchent pas dans l'hermétisme, comme <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie d'ERIK LINDEGREN (1910-1968). Après une jeunesse studieuse et sans histoire, cet écrivain suédois s'impose d'un coup par un recueil de poèmes, L'Homme sans voie (1940), ouvrage visionnaire et étrange né du chaos ambiant suscité par une actualité apocalyptique et qui passe en revue les diverses attitudes possibles devant la vie, pour choisir finalement une position désespéré..." title="Article : ERIK LINDEGREN (1910-1968)" href="/encyclopedie/erik-lindegren/">Erik Lindegren</a> (1910-1968), dans <em>L'Homme sans voie</em> (1942), la clé d'une sagesse perdue. Mais désespoir et suicide guettent des engagements comme celui de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de STIG DAGERMAN (1923-1954). Les convulsions de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ne pouvaient laisser indifférente la Suède , restée officiellement neutre. Dès 1941 se dessinait à travers les revues l'école dite des années quarante ( 40-tal , qui sera aussi le titre de la revue porte-parole de ces écrivains, 1944-1947), qui reprenait les grands thèmes existentialistes (angoisse, cr..." title="Article : STIG DAGERMAN (1923-1954)" href="/encyclopedie/stig-dagerman/">Stig Dagerman</a> (1923-1954), auteur du <em>Serpent</em> (1945) et de <em>L'Enfant brûlé</em> (1948).... </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT825043_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : DANOISE LITTÉRATURE" href="/index/litterature-danoise/"> <span class="rg">DANOISE </span><span class="pc">LITTÉRATURE</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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