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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Military career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artillery_ranging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artillery_ranging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Artillery ranging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artillery_ranging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighter_pilot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighter_pilot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Fighter pilot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighter_pilot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Flying_Circus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Flying_Circus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>The Flying Circus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Flying_Circus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inter-war_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Inter-war period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Building_the_Luftwaffe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_the_Luftwaffe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Building the <i>Luftwaffe</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_the_Luftwaffe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Portrayals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="إرنست أوديت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرنست أوديت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Эрнст Удэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрнст Удэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="ارنست اودت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارنست اودت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9A%B0%EB%8D%B0%ED%8A%B8" title="에른스트 우데트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에른스트 우데트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%98" title="ארנסט אודט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארנסט אודט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernsts_Udets" title="Ernsts Udets – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ernsts Udets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ايرنست اوديت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايرنست اوديت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="エルンスト・ウーデット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルンスト・ウーデット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Удет, Эрнст – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Удет, Эрнст" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%97" title="แอ็นสท์ อูเด็ท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอ็นสท์ อูเด็ท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Ернст Удет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ернст Удет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ernst Udet" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%B9" title="恩斯特·烏德特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恩斯特·烏德特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57179#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ernst+Udet%22">"Ernst Udet"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ernst+Udet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ernst+Udet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ernst+Udet%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ernst+Udet%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ernst+Udet%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Ernst Udet</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1984-112-13,_Ernst_Udet_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1984-112-13%2C_Ernst_Udet_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1984-112-13%2C_Ernst_Udet_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1984-112-13%2C_Ernst_Udet_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="421" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">26 April 1896<br /><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 November 1941<span style="display:none">(1941-11-17)</span> (aged 45)<br /><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Invalidenfriedhof_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery"> Invalidenfriedhof</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1914–1918)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> (1934–1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg/18px-Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg/27px-Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg/36px-Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <i><a href="/wiki/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Luftstreitkräfte">Luftstreitkräfte</a></i> (1915–1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> (1934–1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–1919, 1934–1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DR-Oberleutnant_1918.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/DR-Oberleutnant_1918.png/60px-DR-Oberleutnant_1918.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/DR-Oberleutnant_1918.png/90px-DR-Oberleutnant_1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/DR-Oberleutnant_1918.png/120px-DR-Oberleutnant_1918.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Oberleutnant" title="Oberleutnant">Oberleutnant</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/50px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/75px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/100px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a></i> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">World War I: FA 68, FA(A) 206, KEK Habsheim, <i>Jastas</i> 4, <a href="/wiki/Jasta_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasta 11">11</a>, 15, 37</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">World War I: <i>Jasta </i>37, <i>Jasta</i> 4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> 1st and 2nd Class</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clasp_to_the_Iron_Cross" title="Clasp to the Iron Cross">Clasp to the Iron Cross</a> 1st and 2nd Class</li> <li>Knights Cross with Swords of the <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_Hohenzollern" title="House Order of Hohenzollern">House Order of Hohenzollern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_Cross" title="Hanseatic Cross">Hanseatic Cross</a> Hamburg & Lübeck versions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour_Cross_of_the_World_War_1914/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918">Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_Long_Service_Award" title="Wehrmacht Long Service Award"><i>Wehrmacht</i> Long Service Award</a> 4th and 3rd Class</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot%E2%80%99s_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot’s Badge">Pilot’s Badge</a> German Empire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot/Observer_Badge" title="Pilot/Observer Badge">Pilot/Observer Badge</a> in Gold with Diamonds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ernst Udet</b> (26 April 1896 – 17 November 1941) was a <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German</a> pilot during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and a <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> Colonel-General (<i>Generaloberst</i>) during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>Udet joined the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte">Imperial German Air Service</a> in April 1915 at the age of 19, and eventually became a notable <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying ace</a> of World War I, scoring 62 confirmed victories. The highest scoring German fighter pilot to survive that war, and the second-highest scoring after <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen" title="Manfred von Richthofen">Manfred von Richthofen</a>, his commander in the <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_1)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War 1)">Flying Circus</a>, Udet rose to become a squadron commander under Richthofen, and later under <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acepilots1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet spent the 1920s and early 1930s as a <a href="/wiki/Stunt_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunt pilot">stunt pilot</a>, international <a href="/wiki/Barnstorming" title="Barnstorming">barnstormer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> light-aircraft manufacturer, and <a href="/wiki/Playboy_(lifestyle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy (lifestyle)">playboy</a>. </p><p>On 1 May 1933 Udet joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became involved in the early development of the <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> (officially founded on 15 May 1933), where he was appointed director of <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a>. Influential in the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Dive-bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dive-bombing">dive-bombing</a> techniques as well as of the <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Stuka</a> dive bomber, by 1939 Udet had risen to the post of Chief of Procurement and Supply for the <i>Luftwaffe</i>. The stress of the position and his distaste for administrative duties led to Udet developing <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a>. </p><p>The launch of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> on 22 June 1941, combined with issues with the <i>Luftwaffe'</i>s needs for equipment outstripping Germany's production capacity and increasingly poor relations with the Nazi Party, caused Udet to choose <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> on 17 November 1941 by shooting himself in the head. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ernst Udet was born on 26 April 1896, in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. Udet grew up in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, and was known from his early childhood for his sunny temperament and fascination with <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a>. In his youth he spent considerable time at a nearby <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplane</a> factory and an army airship detachment. In 1909, he helped found the Munich Aero-Club.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After crashing a <a href="/wiki/Glider_(aircraft)" title="Glider (aircraft)">glider</a> he and a friend constructed, he finally flew in 1913 with a <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">test pilot</a> in the nearby Otto Works owned by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Otto" title="Gustav Otto">Gustav Otto</a>, which he often visited.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theresien-Gymnasium_Muenchen_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Theresien-Gymnasium_Muenchen_1.JPG/220px-Theresien-Gymnasium_Muenchen_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Theresien-Gymnasium_Muenchen_1.JPG/330px-Theresien-Gymnasium_Muenchen_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Theresien-Gymnasium_Muenchen_1.JPG/440px-Theresien-Gymnasium_Muenchen_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>Udet attended the Theresien-Gymnasium in Munich.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shortly after the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Udet attempted to enlist in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">Imperial German Army</a> on 2 August 1914, but at only 160 cm (5 ft 3.0 in) tall he did not then qualify for enlistment.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, when the <i>Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club</i> appealed for volunteers with <a href="/wiki/Motorcycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorcycles">motorcycles</a>, Udet applied and was accepted. Udet's father had given him a motorcycle when he had passed his first year examination, and along with four friends, Udet was posted to the <a href="/wiki/26th_Reserve_Division_(German_Empire)" title="26th Reserve Division (German Empire)">26. <i>Württembergischen</i> Reserve Division</a> as a "messenger rider." After injuring his shoulder when his motorcycle hit a crater from an <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> shell explosion, he was sent to a <a href="/wiki/Military_hospital" title="Military hospital">military hospital</a>, and his motorcycle was sent for repairs. When Udet tried to track down the 26th Division, he was unable to find it and decided to serve in the vehicle depot in <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>. During this time, he met officers from the <a href="/wiki/Chauny" title="Chauny">Chauny</a> flying sector, who advised him to transfer as an <a href="/wiki/Aerial_observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial observer">aerial observer</a>. Before he received his orders, the army dispensed with the volunteer motorcyclists, and Udet was sent back to the recruiting officials.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Udet tried to return to the fighting, but he was unable to get into either the pilot or aircraft mechanic training the army offered. However, he learned that if he were a trained pilot, he would be immediately accepted into army aviation. Through a family friend, Gustav Otto, owner of the aircraft factory he had hung out around in his youth, Udet received private flight training. This cost him 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Marks</a><sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (about $400 in 1915 U.S. dollars) and new bathroom equipment from his father's firm. Udet received his civilian pilot's license at the end of April 1915 and was immediately accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte">Imperial German Air Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artillery_ranging">Artillery ranging</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Artillery ranging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Udet at first flew in <i>Feld Flieger-Abteilung</i> 206 (FFA 206)—an observation unit—as an <i>Unteroffizier</i> (non-commissioned) pilot with observer <i>Leutnant</i> Bruno Justinius.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his observer won the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> (2nd class for Udet and 1st class for his lieutenant) for nursing their damaged <a href="/wiki/Aviatik_B.I" title="Aviatik B.I">Aviatik B.I</a> two-seater back to German lines after a shackle on a wing-cable snapped.<sup id="cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acepilots1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Justinius had climbed out to hold the wing and balance it, rather than land behind the enemy lines and be captured. After this structural failure, and a similar incident in which <i>Leutnant</i> Winter and <i>Vizefeldwebel</i> Preiss lost their lives, the Aviatik B was retired from active service.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Later, Udet was <a href="/wiki/Court-martialed" class="mw-redirect" title="Court-martialed">court-martialed</a> for losing an aircraft in an incident the flying corps considered a result of bad judgement. Overloaded with fuel and bombs, the aircraft stalled after a sharp bank and plunged to the ground. Miraculously, both Udet and Justinius survived with only minor injuries. Udet was placed under arrest in the guardhouse for seven days.<sup id="cite_ref-the_English_translation_of_Mein_Fliegerleben_by_Udet._5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_English_translation_of_Mein_Fliegerleben_by_Udet.-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his way out of the guardhouse, he was asked to fly <i>Lieutenant</i> Hartmann to observe a bombing raid on <a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a>. A bomb thrown by hand by the <i>leutnant</i> became stuck in the landing gear, but Udet performed aerobatics and managed to shake it loose.<sup id="cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acepilots1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As soon as the Air Staff Officer heard about Udet's performance during the incident, he ordered Udet transferred to the fighter command.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fighter_pilot">Fighter pilot</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fighter pilot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Udet was assigned a new <a href="/wiki/Fokker" title="Fokker">Fokker</a> to fly to his new fighter unit—FFA 68—at <a href="/wiki/Habsheim" title="Habsheim">Habsheim</a>. Mechanically defective, the plane crashed into a hangar when he took off, so he was then given an older Fokker to fly. In this aircraft, he experienced his first aerial combat, which almost ended in disaster. While lining up on a French <a href="/wiki/Caudron" title="Caudron">Caudron</a>, Udet found he could not bring himself to fire on another person and was subsequently fired on by the Frenchman. A <a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullet</a> grazed his cheek and smashed his flying goggles.<sup id="cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acepilots1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet survived the encounter, but from then on learned to attack aggressively and began scoring victories, downing his first French opponent on 18 March 1916. On that occasion, he had scrambled to attack two French aircraft, but instead found himself facing a formation of 23 enemy aircraft. He dived from above and behind, giving his <a href="/wiki/Fokker_E.III" title="Fokker E.III">Fokker E.III</a> full throttle, and opened fire on a <a href="/wiki/Farman_F.40" title="Farman F.40">Farman F.40</a> from close range.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet pulled away, leaving the flaming bomber trailing smoke, only to see the observer fall from the rear seat of the stricken craft. He later described the incident: "The fuselage of the Farman dives down past me like a giant torch... A man, his arms and legs spread out like a frog's, falls past--the observer. At the moment, I don't think of them as human beings. I feel only one thing--victory, triumph, victory."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The victory won Udet the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> First Class. </p><p>That year, FFA 68 was renamed <i>Kampfeinsitzer Kommando</i> Habsheim before becoming <a href="/wiki/Jagdstaffel_15" title="Jagdstaffel 15"><i>Jagdstaffel</i> 15</a> on 28 September 1916. Udet claimed five more victories, before transferring to <i>Jasta</i> 37 in June 1917. In the first of his victories on 12 October 1916, Udet forced a French <a href="/wiki/Breguet_Aviation" title="Breguet Aviation">Breguet</a> to land safely in German territory, then landed nearby to prevent its destruction by its crew. The bullet-punctured tires on Udet's Fokker flipped the plane forward onto its top wings and fuselage. Udet and the French pilot eventually shook hands next to the Frenchman's aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1917, Udet was commissioned as a <i>Leutnant der Reserve</i> (lieutenant of reserves). The same month, <i>Jasta</i> 15 re-equipped with the <a href="/wiki/Albatros_D.III" title="Albatros D.III">Albatros D.III</a>, a new fighter with twin synchronized <a href="/wiki/Maschinengewehr_08" class="mw-redirect" title="Maschinengewehr 08">Maschinengewehr 08</a> machine guns.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 August 1917 he shot down his 8th victory-a Sopwith Strutter 1/2 of 43d Squadron RFC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During his service with <i>Jasta</i> 15, Udet later wrote he had encountered <a href="/wiki/Georges_Guynemer" title="Georges Guynemer">Georges Guynemer</a>, a notable French ace, in single combat at 5,000 m (16,000 ft). Guynemer, who preferred to hunt enemy planes alone, by this time was the leading French ace with more than 30 victories. Udet saw Guynemer and they circled each other, looking for an opening and testing each other's turning abilities. They were close enough for Udet to read the "<i>Vieux</i>" of "<i>Vieux Charles</i>" written on Guynemer's <a href="/wiki/Spad_S.VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Spad S.VII">Spad S.VII</a>. The opponents tried every aerobatic trick they knew and Guynemer fired a burst through Udet's upper wing, however maneuvered for advantage. Once Udet had Guynemer in his sights, his machine guns jammed and while pretending to <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfight</a> he pounded on them with his fists, desperate to unjam them. Guynemer realized his predicament and instead of taking advantage of it, simply waved a farewell and flew away.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet wrote of the fight, "For seconds, I forgot that the man across from me was Guynemer, my enemy. It seems as though I were sparring with an older comrade over our own airfield." Udet felt that Guynemer had spared him because he wanted a fair fight, while others have suggested that Guynemer had a gun jam himself, feared that Udet would ram him in desperation, or the French ace was so impressed with Udet's skills that he hoped they might meet again on equal terms. </p><p>Eventually, every pilot in <i>Jasta</i> 15 was killed except Udet and his commander, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gontermann" title="Heinrich Gontermann">Heinrich Gontermann</a>, who said to Udet: "The bullets fall from the hand of God ... Sooner or later they will hit us." Udet applied for a transfer to <a href="/wiki/Jasta_37" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasta 37"><i>Jasta</i> 37</a>, and Gontermann was killed three months later when the upper wing of his new Fokker Dr. 1 tore off as he was flying it for the first time. Gontermann lingered for twenty four hours without awakening and Udet later remarked, "It was a good death." By late November, Udet was a triple ace and <i>Jastaführer</i>, modelling his attacks after those of Guynemer, coming in high out of the sun to pick off the rear aircraft in a squadron before the others knew what was happening. Having witnessed one of these attacks, his commander in <i>Jasta</i> 37 <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Grasshoff" title="Kurt Grasshoff">Kurt Grasshoff</a>, on being transferred, selected Udet for command over more senior men.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet's ascension to command on 7 November 1917, was followed six days later by award of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_House_Order_of_Hohenzollern" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal House Order of Hohenzollern">Royal House Order of Hohenzollern</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite his seemingly frivolous nature, drinking late into the night, and womanizing lifestyle, Udet proved an excellent squadron commander. He spent many hours coaching new fighter pilots, with an emphasis on marksmanship as being essential for success.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Flying_Circus">The Flying Circus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Flying Circus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Udet's success attracted attention for his skill, earning him an invitation to join the "Flying Circus", <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War I)"><i>Jagdgeschwader</i> 1</a> (JG 1), an elite unit of German fighter aces under the command of <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen" title="Manfred von Richthofen">Manfred von Richthofen</a>, popularly known as the Red Baron. Richthofen drove up to Udet one day as he was trying to pitch a tent in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> in the rain, pointing out that Udet had 20 kills, Richthofen said, "Then you would actually seem ripe for us. Would you like to?", which Udet accepted. After watching him shoot down an artillery spotter by frontal attack, Richthofen gave Udet command of <a href="/wiki/Jagdstaffel_11" title="Jagdstaffel 11"><i>Jasta</i> 11</a>, von Richthofen's former squadron command.<sup id="cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acepilots1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group commanded by Richthofen also contained <i>Jastas</i> 4, 6 and 10.<sup id="cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acepilots1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet's enthusiasm for Richthofen was unbounded, who demanded total loyalty and dedication from his pilots, immediately <a href="/wiki/Cashiering" title="Cashiering">cashiering</a> anyone who fell out of line. At the same time, Richthofen treated them with every consideration and when it came time to requisition supplies he traded favors for <a href="/wiki/Autographed" class="mw-redirect" title="Autographed">autographed</a> photos of himself that read: "Dedicated to my esteemed fighting companion." Udet remarked that because of the signed photographs, " ... sausage and ham never ran out." One night, the squadron invited a captured English flyer for dinner, treating him as a guest. When he excused himself for the bathroom, the Germans secretly watched to see if he would try to escape. On his return the Englishman said, "I would never forgive myself for disappointing such hosts"; the English flyer did escape later from another unit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_Q63153.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Photograph_Q63153.jpg/220px-Photograph_Q63153.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Photograph_Q63153.jpg/330px-Photograph_Q63153.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Photograph_Q63153.jpg/440px-Photograph_Q63153.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Ernst Udet beside his Fokker DVII nicknamed "Lo"</figcaption></figure> <p>Richthofen was killed in April 1918 in France, where Udet was not at the front as he had been sent on leave due to a painful ear infection which he avoided having treated as long as he could. Udet said about Richthofen: "He was the least complicated man I ever knew. Entirely Prussian and the greatest of soldiers." before returning to JG 1 against the doctor's advice and remained there to the end of the war, commanding <i>Jasta</i> 4. While at home, Udet had reacquainted himself with his childhood sweetheart, Eleanor "Lo" Zink. Notified that he had received the <i><a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a></i>, he had one made up in advance so that he could impress her, and painted her name on the side of his <a href="/wiki/Albatros_Flugzeugwerke" title="Albatros Flugzeugwerke">Albatros</a> fighters and <a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.VII" title="Fokker D.VII">Fokker D VII</a>. Also on the tail of his Fokker D VII was the message "<i>Du doch nicht</i>" - "Definitely not you."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet scored 20 victories in August 1918 alone, mainly against British aircraft and became a national hero with 62 confirmed victories to his credit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 29 June 1918, Udet was one of the early fliers to be saved by <a href="/wiki/Parachuting" title="Parachuting">parachuting</a> from a disabled aircraft, when he jumped after a clash with a French <a href="/wiki/Breguet_Aviation" title="Breguet Aviation">Breguet</a>. His harness caught on the rudder and he had to break off the rudder tip to escape.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parachute did not open until he was 75 m (250 ft) from the ground, causing him to sprain his ankle on landing. On 28 September 1918, Udet was wounded in the thigh, from which he was still recovering on Armistice Day, 11 November 1918, when the war ended in Germany's defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inter-war_period">Inter-war period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inter-war period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ErnstUdet-coloured-photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/ErnstUdet-coloured-photo.jpg/230px-ErnstUdet-coloured-photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/ErnstUdet-coloured-photo.jpg/345px-ErnstUdet-coloured-photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/ErnstUdet-coloured-photo.jpg/460px-ErnstUdet-coloured-photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Ernst Udet, a recoloured portrait</figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, on his way home from the military hospital, Udet had to defend himself against a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> who wished to rip the medals off his chest. Udet and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greim" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Greim">Robert Greim</a> performed mock dogfights at weekends for the <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a> Relief Organization, using surplus aircraft in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. He was invited to start the first International Air Service between Germany and Austria, but after the first flight the Entente Commission confiscated his aircraft. Udet married Eleanor "Lo" Zink on 25 February 1920, however the marriage lasted less than three years and they were divorced on 16 February 1923. The marriage is believed to have ended due to Udet having had many affairs. His talents were numerous: among these were <a href="/wiki/Juggling" title="Juggling">juggling</a>, drawing <a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoons</a>, and party entertainment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nachtv%C3%B6gel._Aufnahme_von_Ernst_Udet_c._1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nachtv%C3%B6gel._Aufnahme_von_Ernst_Udet_c._1930.jpg/220px-Nachtv%C3%B6gel._Aufnahme_von_Ernst_Udet_c._1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nachtv%C3%B6gel._Aufnahme_von_Ernst_Udet_c._1930.jpg/330px-Nachtv%C3%B6gel._Aufnahme_von_Ernst_Udet_c._1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Nachtv%C3%B6gel._Aufnahme_von_Ernst_Udet_c._1930.jpg/440px-Nachtv%C3%B6gel._Aufnahme_von_Ernst_Udet_c._1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>A picture taken by Ernst Udet, c. 1930</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swissfokker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Swissfokker.png/220px-Swissfokker.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Swissfokker.png/330px-Swissfokker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Swissfokker.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Swiss Fokker DVII flown by Udet in 1936. See story at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.aerofile.info/wordpress/?page_id=634">[1]</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the inter-war period, Udet was known primarily for his work as a stunt pilot and for playboy-like behavior. He flew for <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">movies</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Airshow" class="mw-redirect" title="Airshow">airshows</a> (e.g. picking a cloth from the ground with his wingtip, flying under low bridges and completing loops only several meters from the ground). One stunt only Udet performed was successive loops with the last complete after turning off the engine mid air and landing the aircraft in a sideways glide. He appeared with <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a> in three films: <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Hell_of_Pitz_Palu_(1929_film)" title="The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929 film)">The White Hell of Pitz Palu</a></i> (1929), <i><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BCrme_%C3%BCber_dem_Mont_Blanc" title="Stürme über dem Mont Blanc">Stürme über dem Mont Blanc</a></i> (1930), and <i><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Eisberg" title="S.O.S. Eisberg">S.O.S. Eisberg</a></i> (1933). Udet's stunt pilot work in films took him to California. In the October 1933 issue of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Movie_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Movie Magazine (page does not exist)">New Movie Magazine</a></i>, there is a photo of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Laemmle,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Laemmle, Jr.">Carl Laemmle, Jr.</a>'s party for Udet in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>. Laemmle was head of <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a> which made <i>SOS Eisberg,</i> a US-German co-production. Udet was invited to attend the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_Races" title="National Air Races">National Air Races</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>. In 1935 he played himself in <i><a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_Flight_(1935_film)" title="Miracle of Flight (1935 film)">Miracle of Flight</a></i> (1935; 79 mins.) directed by <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Paul" title="Heinz Paul">Heinz Paul</a>. His co-star <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Ohlsen" title="Jürgen Ohlsen">Jürgen Ohlsen</a>, who had previously starred in the extremely popular film <i><a href="/wiki/Hitlerjunge_Quex:_Ein_Film_vom_Opfergeist_der_deutschen_Jugend" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitlerjunge Quex: Ein Film vom Opfergeist der deutschen Jugend">Hitlerjunge Quex: Ein Film vom Opfergeist der deutschen Jugend</a></i>, played a youth who lost his pilot father in World War I and was befriended and encouraged by Udet, his idol.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Berlin <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a> Udet entered the <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the 1936 Summer Olympics">arts competition</a> literature category with his autobiography, <i>Mein Fliegerleben</i> (My Flying Life) (published 1935).<sup id="cite_ref-olympedia_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olympedia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R15623,_Ernst_Udet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R15623%2C_Ernst_Udet.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R15623%2C_Ernst_Udet.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R15623%2C_Ernst_Udet.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R15623%2C_Ernst_Udet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R15623%2C_Ernst_Udet.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R15623%2C_Ernst_Udet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Ernst Udet in 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>These efforts were good publicity for Udet. An American, William Pohl of <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, telephoned him with an offer to back an aircraft manufacturing company. <a href="/wiki/Udet_Flugzeugbau" title="Udet Flugzeugbau">Udet Flugzeugbau</a> was born in a shed in <a href="/wiki/Milbertshofen" class="mw-redirect" title="Milbertshofen">Milbertshofen</a>. Its intent was to build small aircraft that the general public could fly. It soon ran into trouble with the Entente Commission and transferred its operations to a beehive and chicken coop factory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first aeroplane that Udet's company produced was the <a href="/wiki/Udet_U_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Udet U 2"><i>U2</i></a>. Udet took the second model, the U4, to the Wilbur Cup race in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> at the expense of Aero Club Aleman. It was outclassed, and the club wanted him to do cigarette commercials to reimburse them for the expense, but he refused. He was rescued by the Chief of the Argentinian Railways, a man of Swedish descent named Tornquist, who settled the debt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1924, Udet left Udet Flugzeugbau when they decided to build a four-engine aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Udet_U_11_Kondor" title="Udet U 11 Kondor">U11 Kondor</a> which was larger and not for the general population. He and another friend from the war, Angermund, started an exhibition flying enterprise in Germany, which was also successful, but Udet remarked, "In time this too begins to get tiresome. ... We stand in the present, fighting for a living. It isn't always easy. ... But the thoughts wander back to the times when it was worthwhile to fight for your life."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Udet and another wartime comrade—Suchocky—became pilots to an African filming expedition. The cameraman was another veteran, Schneeberger, whom Udet called "Flea," and the guide was Siedentopf, a former East African estate owner. Udet described one incident in Africa in which lions jumped up to claw at the low-flying aircraft, one of them removing a strip of Suchocky's wing surface. Udet engaged in hunting while in Africa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Building_the_Luftwaffe">Building the <i>Luftwaffe</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Building the Luftwaffe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curtis_export_hawk_II_cracow_aviation_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Curtis_export_hawk_II_cracow_aviation_museum.jpg/200px-Curtis_export_hawk_II_cracow_aviation_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Curtis_export_hawk_II_cracow_aviation_museum.jpg/300px-Curtis_export_hawk_II_cracow_aviation_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Curtis_export_hawk_II_cracow_aviation_museum.jpg/400px-Curtis_export_hawk_II_cracow_aviation_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Udet's <a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright" title="Curtiss-Wright">Curtiss</a> Hawk Export (D-IRIK) as on display in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Aviation_Museum" title="Polish Aviation Museum">Polish Aviation Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Though not interested in politics, Udet joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi party">Nazi party</a> in 1933 when <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> promised to buy him two new U.S.-built <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Hawk" title="Curtiss Hawk">Curtiss Hawk</a> II biplanes (export designation of the F11C-2 <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F11C_Goshawk" title="Curtiss F11C Goshawk">Goshawk Helldiver</a>). The planes were used for evaluation purposes and thus indirectly influenced the German idea of dive bombing aeroplanes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Junkers Ju 87</a> (<i>Stuka</i>) dive bombers. They were also used for aerobatic shows held during the 1936 Summer Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-olympedia_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olympedia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet piloted one of them, which survived the war and is now on display in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Aviation_Museum" title="Polish Aviation Museum">Polish Aviation Museum</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Udet_Board_Bar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Udet_Board_Bar.JPG/220px-Udet_Board_Bar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Udet_Board_Bar.JPG/330px-Udet_Board_Bar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Udet_Board_Bar.JPG/440px-Udet_Board_Bar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>Udets's board bar from his <a href="/wiki/Siebel_Fh_104" class="mw-redirect" title="Siebel Fh 104">Siebel Fh 104 A-0</a> on display in the <a href="/wiki/German_Museum_of_Technology_(Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Museum of Technology (Berlin)"><i>Deutsches Technikmuseum</i> Berlin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the trials of the Ju 87, a confidential directive issued on 9 June 1936 by <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Freiherr_von_Richthofen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen">Wolfram von Richthofen</a> called for the cessation of all further Ju 87 development, although the Ju 87 had been awarded top marks and was about to be accepted. However, Udet immediately rejected von Richthofen's instructions and Ju 87 development continued. Udet became a major proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bomber</a>, taking credit for having introduced it to the <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i>. On 9 June 1936 he had, through his political connections, been named Chief of the Technical Office, <i>T-Amt,</i> (the development wing of the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reich Ministry of Aviation">Reich Ministry of Aviation</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaber197762_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaber197762-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet had no real interest in this job nor a particular aptitude for it, especially the bureaucracy of it, and the pressure led to him developing an addiction to <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a>, drinking large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">cognac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhler201595–97_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhler201595–97-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1939, Udet visited <a href="/wiki/Italian_North_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian North Africa">Italian North Africa</a> (<i>Africa Settentrionale Italiana</i>, or ASI), accompanying <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of the Air Force"><i>Maresciallo dell<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>Aria</i></a> (Marshal of the Air Force) <a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Italo Balbo</a> on a flight, because at the time there were distinct signs of German military and diplomatic co-operation with the Italians.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 February 1939 Udet became <i>Luftwaffe</i> <i>Generalluftzeugmeister</i> (Chief of Procurement and Supply), responsible for all aircraft production, armament and supply. This was a massive organization supervising over 26 departments and, again, requiring organizational qualities for which Udet was not best equipped.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> began, his internal conflicts grew more intense as aircraft production requirements were much more than the German industry could supply, given limited access to raw materials such as <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>. Göring responded to this problem by simply lying about it to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, and after the <i>Luftwaffe</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>, Göring tried to deflect Hitler's ire by blaming Udet. On 22 June 1941, the launch of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, drove Udet further into despair. In April and May 1941, Udet had led a German delegation inspecting the Soviet aviation industry in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>. Udet informed Göring that the Soviet air force and aviation industry were very strong and technically advanced. Göring decided not to report this to Hitler, hoping that a surprise attack would quickly destroy the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Udet realized that the upcoming war on the Soviet Union might destroy Germany. He tried to explain this to Hitler but, torn between truth and loyalty, suffered a psychological breakdown. Göring kept Udet under control by giving him drugs at drinking parties and hunting trips. Udet's drinking and psychological condition became a problem, and Göring used Udet's dependency to manipulate him.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Udet_Grab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Udet_Grab.jpg/220px-Udet_Grab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Udet_Grab.jpg/330px-Udet_Grab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Udet_Grab.jpg/440px-Udet_Grab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1093" /></a><figcaption>Ernst Udet's grave in <a href="/wiki/Invalidenfriedhof_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery">Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery</a>, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p>By August 1941, the pressures from the Soviet campaign were exacerbating the conflicts between Udet and <a href="/wiki/State_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary">State Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Milch" title="Erhard Milch">Erhard Milch</a>. In order to attain a mandated quadrupling of production, Milch was pressing Udet for a major reorganisation of his department. Udet resisted, but by September, Göring sided with Milch and several members of Udet's staff were removed, as Milch began to assert increasing control over procurement and supply. Udet was losing his freedom of action and was clearly being eclipsed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaber197771–72_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaber197771–72-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 November 1941, Udet shot himself in the head while he was on the phone with his girlfriend, Inge Bleyle. Udet's suicide was concealed from the public, and at his funeral, he was lauded as a hero who had died in flight while he was testing a new weapon. On their way to attend Udet's funeral, the World War II fighter ace <a href="/wiki/Werner_M%C3%B6lders" title="Werner Mölders">Werner Mölders</a> died in a plane crash in <a href="/wiki/Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau">Breslau</a>, and the high <i>Luftwaffe</i> executive <i><a href="/wiki/General_der_Flieger" title="General der Flieger">General der Flieger</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Helmuth_Wilberg" title="Helmuth Wilberg">Helmuth Wilberg</a> died in another plane crash near Dresden. Udet was buried next to <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen" title="Manfred von Richthofen">Manfred von Richthofen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Invalidenfriedhof_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery">Invalidenfriedhof Cemetery</a> in Berlin. Mölders was buried next to Udet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to Udet's biography, <i>The Fall of an Eagle</i>, he wrote a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_note" title="Suicide note">suicide note</a> in red pencil that included: "Ingelein, why have you left me?" and "Iron One, you are responsible for my death". "Ingelein" referred to his girlfriend, Inge Bleyle, and "Iron One" to Hermann Göring. The book <i>The Luftwaffe War Diaries</i> similarly states that Udet wrote "<i>Reichsmarschall</i>, why have you deserted me?" in red on the headboard of his bed. Evidence indicates that Udet's unhappy relationship with Göring, <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Milch" title="Erhard Milch">Erhard Milch</a> and the Nazi Party in general was the cause of a <a href="/wiki/Mental_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental breakdown">mental breakdown</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Zuckmayer" title="Carl Zuckmayer">Carl Zuckmayer</a>'s 1946 play <i>Des Teufels General</i> ("The Devil's General") was a fictional treatment of Udet's final days.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Des_Teufels_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Teufels General">Des Teufels General</a></i> was a 1955 film version of the Zuckmeyer play, with <a href="/wiki/Curd_Jurgens" class="mw-redirect" title="Curd Jurgens">Curd Jürgens</a> in the title role.</li> <li>In the East German TV miniseries <i>Ohne Kampf kein Sieg</i> (1966) Udet is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_M%C3%BCller_(actor)" title="Alfred Müller (actor)">Alfred Müller</a>.</li> <li>In the film <i><a href="/wiki/Von_Richthofen_and_Brown" title="Von Richthofen and Brown">Von Richthofen and Brown</a></i> (1971), Udet was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_La_Tourneaux" title="Robert La Tourneaux">Robert La Tourneaux</a></li> <li>The character of "Ernst Kessler" in the 1975 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Waldo_Pepper" title="The Great Waldo Pepper">The Great Waldo Pepper</a></i> is clearly based upon Ernst Udet. Kessler was portrayed by actor <a href="/wiki/Bo_Brundin" title="Bo Brundin">Bo Brundin</a>. It also contains dogfighting scenes between a <a href="/wiki/Fokker_Dr.I" title="Fokker Dr.I">Fokker Dr.I</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">Sopwith Camel</a>.</li> <li>Udet is featured in the <i><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Sky" title="Knights of the Sky">Knights of the Sky</a></i> video game as an enemy German pilot.</li> <li>In the movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Baron_(2008_film)" title="The Red Baron (2008 film)">The Red Baron</a></i> (2008), Udet is portrayed by Jiří Laštovka.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Berkel" title="Christian Berkel">Christian Berkel</a> plays Udet in the television film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elly_Beinhorn:_Solo_Flight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elly Beinhorn: Solo Flight (page does not exist)">Elly Beinhorn: Solo Flight</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elly_Beinhorn_%E2%80%93_Alleinflug" class="extiw" title="de:Elly Beinhorn – Alleinflug">de</a>]</span></i> (2014).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udet_U_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Udet U 12">Udet U 12</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Acepilots1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acepilots1_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSherman" class="citation web cs1">Sherman, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acepilots.com/wwi/ger_udet.html">"Ernst Udet - Second Highest German Ace of WWI"</a>. <i>acepilots.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acepilots.com&rft.atitle=Ernst+Udet+-+Second+Highest+German+Ace+of+WWI&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acepilots.com%2Fwwi%2Fger_udet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1940/05/18/archives/chutist-tactic-credited-to-udet-reich-stunt-ace.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Chutist Tactic Credited To Udet, Reich Stunt Ace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. 8 May 1940.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Chutist+Tactic+Credited+To+Udet%2C+Reich+Stunt+Ace&rft.date=1940-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1940%2F05%2F18%2Farchives%2Fchutist-tactic-credited-to-udet-reich-stunt-ace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterseher2021" class="citation book cs1">Unterseher, Lutz (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZNREAAAQBAJ"><i>Carl Zuckmayer und Ernst Udet - Freundschaft als Missverständnis: Literaturgeschichte und Nationalsozialismus</i></a>. Volume 7 of Kulturgeschichte / LIT. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783643250339" title="Special:BookSources/9783643250339"><bdi>9783643250339</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>Am 1. Mai 1933 wurde Ernst Udet in die <i>Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei</i> aufgenommen (Migliedsnummer: 2010976) [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carl+Zuckmayer+und+Ernst+Udet+-+Freundschaft+als+Missverst%C3%A4ndnis%3A+Literaturgeschichte+und+Nationalsozialismus&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.series=Volume+7+of+Kulturgeschichte+%2F+LIT&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9783643250339&rft.aulast=Unterseher&rft.aufirst=Lutz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIZNREAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historynet-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historynet_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowne2006" class="citation web cs1">Browne, O'Brien (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/ernst-udet-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-german-world-war-i-ace.htm">"Ernst Udet: The Rise and Fall of a German World War I Ace"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ernst+Udet%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+a+German+World+War+I+Ace&rft.date=2006-06&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=O%27Brien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fernst-udet-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-german-world-war-i-ace.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_English_translation_of_Mein_Fliegerleben_by_Udet.-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-the_English_translation_of_Mein_Fliegerleben_by_Udet._5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUdet1970" class="citation book cs1">Udet, Ernst (1970). <i>Ace of the Iron Cross</i>. Ace Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780668051613" title="Special:BookSources/9780668051613"><bdi>9780668051613</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ace+of+the+Iron+Cross&rft.pub=Ace+Books&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780668051613&rft.aulast=Udet&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranks2002" class="citation book cs1">Franks, Norman (2002). <i>Sharks Among Minnows</i>. Grub Street. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781902304922" title="Special:BookSources/9781902304922"><bdi>9781902304922</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharks+Among+Minnows&rft.pub=Grub+Street&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781902304922&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><span></span></i>Early German Aces of World War I<i><span></span></i>. p. 49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+German+Aces+of+World+War+I&rft.pages=49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><span></span></i>Early German Aces of World War I<i><span></span></i>. pp. 86–87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+German+Aces+of+World+War+I&rft.pages=86-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This account and translation from Stanley M. Ulanoff, the editor of <i>Ace of the Iron Cross</i>, An Ace Book, 1970 - the English translation of <i>Mein Fliegerleben</i> by Udet. Udet does not mention the dare.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rentschler, p. 233, 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmportal.de/film/wunder-des-fliegens_26b079c95ad547e18b921d188682a34e">"Wunder des Fleigens -"</a> (in German). filmportal.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wunder+des+Fleigens+-&rft.pub=filmportal.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmportal.de%2Ffilm%2Fwunder-des-fliegens_26b079c95ad547e18b921d188682a34e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olympedia-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-olympedia_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-olympedia_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920737">"Ernst Udet"</a>. <i>Olympedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympedia&rft.atitle=Ernst+Udet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedia.org%2Fathletes%2F920737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaber197762-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaber197762_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaber1977">Faber 1977</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhler201595–97-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhler201595–97_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOhler2015">Ohler 2015</a>, pp. 95–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, Saul, <i>The Lost Oasis</i>, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuchenwirth2017" class="citation book cs1">Suchenwirth, Prof Richard (11 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7fgwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT44"><i>Command and Leadership in the German Air Force</i></a>. Pickle Partners Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781787206755" title="Special:BookSources/9781787206755"><bdi>9781787206755</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Command+and+Leadership+in+the+German+Air+Force&rft.pub=Pickle+Partners+Publishing&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft.isbn=9781787206755&rft.aulast=Suchenwirth&rft.aufirst=Prof+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7fgwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">«Боевые операции люфтваффе», Москва 2008 г., изд. Яуза-пресс, по «Rise and fall of the German Air Force», Лондон 1948 г., пер. П.Смирнов, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-9955-0028-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-9955-0028-5">978-5-9955-0028-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Who is who in the Third Reich (Кто был кто в Третьем рейхе. Биографический энциклопедический словарь. М., 2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaber197771–72-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaber197771–72_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaber1977">Faber 1977</a>, pp. 71–72.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker,_Ralph2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barker,_Ralph" class="mw-redirect" title="Barker, Ralph">Barker, Ralph</a> (2002). <i>The Royal Flying Corps in World War I</i>. Robinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84119-470-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-84119-470-0"><bdi>1-84119-470-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Flying+Corps+in+World+War+I&rft.pub=Robinson&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-84119-470-0&rft.au=Barker%2C+Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekker,_Cajus1994" class="citation book cs1">Bekker, Cajus (1994). <i>The Luftwaffe War Diaries</i>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80604-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80604-5"><bdi>0-306-80604-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Luftwaffe+War+Diaries&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-306-80604-5&rft.au=Bekker%2C+Cajus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaber1977" class="citation book cs1">Faber, Harold (1977). <i>Luftwaffe: A History</i>. New York: Times Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-0725-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-0725-6"><bdi>0-8129-0725-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luftwaffe%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8129-0725-6&rft.aulast=Faber&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerlin,_Hans1960" class="citation book cs1">Herlin, Hans (1960). <i>UDET - A Man's Life</i>. MacDonald.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UDET+-+A+Man%27s+Life&rft.pub=MacDonald&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Herlin%2C+Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Saul2002" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Saul (2002). <i>The Lost Oasis: The Desert War and the Hunt for Zerzura</i>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-6162-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-6162-0"><bdi>0-7195-6162-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Oasis%3A+The+Desert+War+and+the+Hunt+for+Zerzura&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7195-6162-0&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Saul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnopp,_Guido2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Knopp,_Guido" class="mw-redirect" title="Knopp, Guido">Knopp, Guido</a> (2000). <i>Hitlers Krieger</i>. München: Goldmann Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-442-15045-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-442-15045-0"><bdi>3-442-15045-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitlers+Krieger&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Goldmann+Verlag&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-442-15045-0&rft.au=Knopp%2C+Guido&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhler2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ohler" title="Norman Ohler">Ohler, Norman</a> (2015). <i>Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich</i>. Translated by Shaun Whiteside. Boston, New York: Mariner Books / Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-32891-534-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-32891-534-4"><bdi>978-1-32891-534-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blitzed%3A+Drugs+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=Boston%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Mariner+Books+%2F+Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-32891-534-4&rft.aulast=Ohler&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUdet,_Ernst1981" class="citation book cs1">Udet, Ernst (1981). Stanley M. Ulanoff (ed.). <i>Ace of the Iron Cross</i>. Arco. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-668-05163-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-668-05163-9"><bdi>0-668-05163-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ace+of+the+Iron+Cross&rft.pub=Arco&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-668-05163-9&rft.au=Udet%2C+Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUdet1935" class="citation book cs1">Udet, Ernst (1935). <i>Mein Fliegerleben (My Life of Flying)</i>. Berlin, Germany: Im Deutschen Verlag, Ullstein A.G.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mein+Fliegerleben+%28My+Life+of+Flying%29&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Im+Deutschen+Verlag%2C+Ullstein+A.G.&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Udet&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Ishoven,_Armand1979" class="citation book cs1">van Ishoven, Armand (1979). <i>The Fall of an Eagle: The Life of Fighter Ace Ernst Udet</i>. Kimber & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7183-0067-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7183-0067-X"><bdi>0-7183-0067-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+an+Eagle%3A+The+Life+of+Fighter+Ace+Ernst+Udet&rft.pub=Kimber+%26+Co&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-7183-0067-X&rft.au=van+Ishoven%2C+Armand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinge,_Heinz1980" class="citation book cs1">Linge, Heinz (1980). <i>Bis zum Untergang</i>. Munich, Germany: Herbig Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3776610212" title="Special:BookSources/3776610212"><bdi>3776610212</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bis+zum+Untergang&rft.place=Munich%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Herbig+Verlag&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=3776610212&rft.au=Linge%2C+Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnst+Udet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>VanWyngarden, Greg, <i>et al.</i> (2006) <i>Early German Aces of World War I.</i> Osprey Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-997-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-997-5">1-84176-997-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-997-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-997-4">978-1-84176-997-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histaviation.com/Udet_U-12_Udets_Flamingo.html">Udet's U-12 Flamingo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714203032/http://www.histaviation.com/Udet_U-12_Udets_Flamingo.html">Archived</a> 2019-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riefenstahl.org/">Leni's Rising Star</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117132110/http://www.riefenstahl.org/">Archived</a> 2021-01-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Includes info on the films Udet was in with Leni Riefenstahl. Also has video downloads.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070115063221/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/aviation_history/3032886.html">"Ernst Udet: The Rise and Fall of a German World War I Ace"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2CBx7x5GCI"><span class="plainlinks">Ernst Udet performs an exhibition precision dead stick loop and side slip landing in a U 12</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/040262">Newspaper clippings about Ernst Udet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recipients_of_the_Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite_and_Knight%27s_Cross" title="Template:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite and Knight's Cross"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recipients_of_the_Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite_and_Knight%27s_Cross" title="Template talk:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite and Knight's Cross"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients_of_the_Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite_and_Knight%27s_Cross" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite and Knight's Cross"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Pour_le_Mérite_and_Knight&#039;s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fedor_von_Bock" title="Fedor von Bock">Fedor von Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuno-Hans_von_Both" title="Kuno-Hans von Both">Kuno-Hans von Both</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Busch_(field_marshal)" title="Ernst Busch (field marshal)">Ernst Busch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ritter_von_Greim" title="Robert Ritter von Greim">Robert Ritter von Greim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Haenicke" title="Siegfried Haenicke">Siegfried Haenicke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Keller" title="Alfred Keller">Alfred Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kirchheim" title="Heinrich Kirchheim">Heinrich Kirchheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Lancelle" title="Otto Lancelle">Otto Lancelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Loerzer" title="Bruno Loerzer">Bruno Loerzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_Osterkamp" title="Theo Osterkamp">Theo Osterkamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_von_Ravenstein" title="Johann von Ravenstein">Johann von Ravenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rothenburg" title="Karl Rothenburg">Karl Rothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sch%C3%B6rner" title="Ferdinand Schörner">Ferdinand Schörner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolff_von_Stutterheim" title="Wolff von Stutterheim">Wolff von Stutterheim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ernst Udet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Names are in alphabetical order</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_Colonel_Generals_and_General_Admirals_of_Nazi_Germany" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Generaloberst_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Template:Generaloberst of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Generaloberst_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Template talk:Generaloberst of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Generaloberst_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Generaloberst of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_Colonel_Generals_and_General_Admirals_of_Nazi_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">German <a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel Generals</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="General Admiral">General Admirals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel General</a><br />(<i>Generaloberst</i>)<br />of the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Adam_(general)" title="Wilhelm Adam (general)">Wilhelm Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_von_Arnim" title="Hans-Jürgen von Arnim">Hans-Jürgen von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Beck" title="Ludwig Beck">Ludwig Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz">Johannes Blaskowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Dietl" title="Eduard Dietl">Eduard Dietl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Dollmann" title="Friedrich Dollmann">Friedrich Dollmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_von_Falkenhorst" title="Nikolaus von Falkenhorst">Nikolaus von Falkenhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Frie%C3%9Fner" title="Johannes Frießner">Johannes Frießner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Fritsch" title="Werner von Fritsch">Werner von Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Fromm" title="Friedrich Fromm">Friedrich Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Guderian" title="Heinz Guderian">Heinz Guderian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Haase" title="Curt Haase">Curt Haase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Halder" title="Franz Halder">Franz Halder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Hammerstein-Equord" title="Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord">Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Harpe" title="Josef Harpe">Josef Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Heinrici" title="Gotthard Heinrici">Gotthard Heinrici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heitz" title="Walter Heitz">Walter Heitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hilpert" title="Carl Hilpert">Carl Hilpert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Hoepner" title="Erich Hoepner">Erich Hoepner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Adolf_Hollidt" title="Karl-Adolf Hollidt">Karl-Adolf Hollidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hoth" title="Hermann Hoth">Hermann Hoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Valentin_Hube" title="Hans-Valentin Hube">Hans-Valentin Hube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Jaenecke" title="Erwin Jaenecke">Erwin Jaenecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jodl" title="Alfred Jodl">Alfred Jodl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Lindemann" title="Georg Lindemann">Georg Lindemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_von_Mackensen" title="Eberhard von Mackensen">Eberhard von Mackensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Raus" title="Erhard Raus">Erhard Raus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg-Hans_Reinhardt" title="Georg-Hans Reinhardt">Georg-Hans Reinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Lothar Rendulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ruoff" title="Richard Ruoff">Richard Ruoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Salmuth" title="Hans von Salmuth">Hans von Salmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schmidt" title="Rudolf Schmidt">Rudolf Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Ritter_von_Schobert" title="Eugen Ritter von Schobert">Eugen Ritter von Schobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Strauss_(general)" title="Adolf Strauss (general)">Adolf Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Strecker" title="Karl Strecker">Karl Strecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Vietinghoff" title="Heinrich von Vietinghoff">Heinrich von Vietinghoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wei%C3%9F" title="Walter Weiß">Walter Weiß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Zeitzler" title="Kurt Zeitzler">Kurt Zeitzler</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg/50px-WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg/75px-WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg/100px-WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/50px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/75px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/100px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg/50px-Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg/75px-Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg/100px-Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/50px-SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/75px-SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="223" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel General</a><br />(<i>Generaloberst</i>)<br />of the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_De%C3%9Floch" title="Otto Deßloch">Otto Deßloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Grauert" title="Ulrich Grauert">Ulrich Grauert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jeschonnek" title="Hans Jeschonnek">Hans Jeschonnek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Keller" title="Alfred Keller">Alfred Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Korten" title="Günther Korten">Günther Korten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Loerzer" title="Bruno Loerzer">Bruno Loerzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_L%C3%B6hr" title="Alexander Löhr">Alexander Löhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_R%C3%BCdel" title="Günther Rüdel">Günther Rüdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Student" title="Kurt Student">Kurt Student</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Stumpff" title="Hans-Jürgen Stumpff">Hans-Jürgen Stumpff</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ernst Udet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Weise" title="Hubert Weise">Hubert Weise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/General_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="General Admiral">General Admiral</a><br />(<i>Generaladmiral</i>)<br />of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Albrecht" title="Conrad Albrecht">Conrad Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Boehm_(admiral)" title="Hermann Boehm (admiral)">Hermann Boehm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Carls" title="Rolf Carls">Rolf Carls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_von_Friedeburg" title="Hans-Georg von Friedeburg">Hans-Georg von Friedeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kummetz" title="Oskar Kummetz">Oskar Kummetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marschall" title="Wilhelm Marschall">Wilhelm Marschall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Saalw%C3%A4chter" title="Alfred Saalwächter">Alfred Saalwächter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schniewind" title="Otto Schniewind">Otto Schniewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schultze" title="Otto Schultze">Otto Schultze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Warzecha" title="Walter Warzecha">Walter Warzecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Witzell" title="Karl Witzell">Karl Witzell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><i><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer">Oberst-Gruppenführer</a></i><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sepp_Dietrich" title="Sepp Dietrich">Sepp Dietrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57179#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57179#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57179#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000005535347X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57407868">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/63130/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpDPMyHDmbGTrcVFymGHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118624997">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80139739">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14938663c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14938663c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00551533">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000720308&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5576910">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1225856">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072343788">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/53885">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000242771&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000738679&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810575699205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278475705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/360799">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118624997.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118624997">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/219887594">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z32tgh">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Ernst Udet</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ernst_Udet" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Ernst Udet">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&oldid=1259229110">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Udet&oldid=1259229110</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1896_births" title="Category:1896 births">1896 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1941_suicides" title="Category:1941 suicides">1941 suicides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1941_deaths" title="Category:1941 deaths">1941 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_World_War_I_flying_aces" title="Category:German World War I flying aces">German World War I flying aces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_Army_personnel_of_World_War_I" title="Category:German Army personnel of World War I">German Army personnel of World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte_personnel" title="Category:Luftstreitkräfte personnel">Luftstreitkräfte personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colonel_generals_of_the_Luftwaffe" title="Category:Colonel generals of the Luftwaffe">Colonel generals of the Luftwaffe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Luftwaffe_World_War_II_generals" title="Category:Luftwaffe World War II generals">Luftwaffe World War II generals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_aerospace_businesspeople" title="Category:German aerospace businesspeople">German aerospace businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_company_founders" title="Category:German company founders">German company founders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite_(military_class)" title="Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)">Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_clasp_to_the_Iron_Cross,_1st_class" title="Category:Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class">Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_military_personnel_who_died_by_suicide" title="Category:German military personnel who died by suicide">German military personnel who died by 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