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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autres_intérêts_des_races_rares" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autres_intérêts_des_races_rares"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Autres intérêts des races rares</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autres_intérêts_des_races_rares-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item 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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Liens internes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_internes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Misaki_uma_May_2014_5097.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Misaki_uma_May_2014_5097.jpg/220px-Misaki_uma_May_2014_5097.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Misaki_uma_May_2014_5097.jpg/330px-Misaki_uma_May_2014_5097.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Misaki_uma_May_2014_5097.jpg/440px-Misaki_uma_May_2014_5097.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3268" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption>Le <a href="/wiki/Misaki_(cheval)" title="Misaki (cheval)">Misaki</a> est une race de chevaux japonaise rare, en danger critique d'extinction.</figcaption></figure> <p>Une <b>race rare</b> est, dans le domaine de l'élevage, une <a href="/wiki/Race" title="Race">race</a> animale domestique dont la population reproductrice est très réduite, généralement de quelques centaines à quelques milliers d'individus. En raison de leur petit nombre, les races rares peuvent être menacées en termes de <a href="/wiki/Statut_de_conservation" title="Statut de conservation">statut de conservation</a>, et protégées en vertu de législations locales. De nombreux pays comptent des organismes qui se consacrent à la protection et à la promotion des races rares, pour lesquelles chacun a sa propre définition<sup id="cite_ref-Dohner2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dohner2002-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Définition"><span id="D.C3.A9finition"></span>Définition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Définition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Définition"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Manx_Loaghtan_Sheep,_Cregneash,_Isle_Of_Man..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Manx_Loaghtan_Sheep%2C_Cregneash%2C_Isle_Of_Man..jpg/220px-Manx_Loaghtan_Sheep%2C_Cregneash%2C_Isle_Of_Man..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Manx_Loaghtan_Sheep%2C_Cregneash%2C_Isle_Of_Man..jpg/330px-Manx_Loaghtan_Sheep%2C_Cregneash%2C_Isle_Of_Man..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Manx_Loaghtan_Sheep%2C_Cregneash%2C_Isle_Of_Man..jpg/440px-Manx_Loaghtan_Sheep%2C_Cregneash%2C_Isle_Of_Man..jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Une race rare, le mouton <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manx_Loaghtan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manx Loaghtan (page inexistante)">Manx Loaghtan</a> de Cregneash, sur l'Île De Man. Il y a moins de 1 500 individus enregistrés dans les élevages du <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Il existe plusieurs définitions de la race et de la race rare. Les races d'animaux domestiques peuvent être définies comme un groupe d'animaux qui partagent des caractéristiques visibles, tels que les <a href="/wiki/Pie_(cheval)" title="Pie (cheval)">chevaux Pinto</a>, qui sont tous de robe pie<sup id="cite_ref-SponenbergBixby20078_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SponenbergBixby20078-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une définition plus stricte insiste sur le fait que les races sont des entités génétiques « cohérentes et prédictibles », ce qui signifie que les individus de cette race vont donner une progéniture similaire aux géniteurs, et que cette similitude est d'origine génétique<sup id="cite_ref-SponenbergBixby20077_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SponenbergBixby20077-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette définition biologique est utile pour <a href="/wiki/Biologie_de_la_conservation" title="Biologie de la conservation">la conservation</a>, qui traite les races comme des sources fiables de <a href="/wiki/Diversit%C3%A9_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Diversité génétique">diversité génétique</a><sup id="cite_ref-SponenbergBixby20078–9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SponenbergBixby20078–9-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les organismes de conservation ont chacun leur propre définition de ce qui constitue une race rare. Le <a href="/wiki/Rare_Breeds_Survival_Trust" title="Rare Breeds Survival Trust">Rare Breeds Survival Trust</a> (RBST) et l'<a href="/wiki/American_Livestock_Breeds_Conservancy" title="American Livestock Breeds Conservancy">American Livestock Breeds Conservancy</a> (ALBC) classent les races rares en cinq catégories, les « critiques » étant les plus rares. L'ALBC estime qu'une race est au stade critique quand il a moins de 200 nouvelles inscriptions annuelles aux États-Unis, et une population globale de moins de 2 000 individus<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La RBST détermine le statut d'une race par le nombre de femelles reproductrices dans le <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a>. Pour les chevaux et les moutons, moins de 300 est considéré comme une population de taille critique, alors que les chèvres et les porcs doivent être à moins de 100 pour entrer dans cette catégorie<sup id="cite_ref-RBSTWatchlist_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBSTWatchlist-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><i>The Poultry Club</i> de Grande-Bretagne considère qu'une volaille est de race rare lorsqu'elle ne dispose pas de son propre club de race. Ces races rares sont prises en charge par la <i><a href="/wiki/Rare_Poultry_Society" title="Rare Poultry Society">Rare Poultry Society</a></i> (RPS)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La RPS ne s'occupe pas des races qui comptent quelques individus, mais ont leur propre club<sup id="cite_ref-Hams199938_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hams199938-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Causes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Causes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'importation de races d'animaux depuis l'étranger peut provoquer la raréfaction des races traditionnelles de certains pays, ou même leur disparition. Dans l'après-guerre en Grande-Bretagne, par exemple, l'introduction du porc <a href="/wiki/Poland_china" title="Poland china">Poland China</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Texel_(race_ovine)" title="Texel (race ovine)">moutons Texel</a> a affecté les populations historiques, considérées comme moins rentable pour les agriculteurs<sup id="cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199980_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YarwoodEvans199980-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Conservation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Conservation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mudchute_farm_pig_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mudchute_farm_pig_side.jpg/220px-Mudchute_farm_pig_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mudchute_farm_pig_side.jpg/330px-Mudchute_farm_pig_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mudchute_farm_pig_side.jpg/440px-Mudchute_farm_pig_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Le <a href="/wiki/Tamworth_(race_porcine)" title="Tamworth (race porcine)">Tamworth</a> est un porc de race, ce qui est rare dans son pays d'origine et à l'étranger<sup id="cite_ref-RBSTWatchlist_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBSTWatchlist-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dohner2002182-183_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dohner2002182-183-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Plusieurs organisations – la <a href="/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies_pour_l%27alimentation_et_l%27agriculture" title="Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture">FAO</a> (<a href="/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies" title="Organisation des Nations unies">organisation des Nations Unies</a>), l'<a href="/wiki/American_Livestock_Breeds_Conservancy" title="American Livestock Breeds Conservancy">American Livestock Breeds Conservancy</a>, le Rare Breeds Survival Trust (Royaume-Uni), Rare Breeds Canada, la SVF Foundation (US), l'<a href="/wiki/Arche_Austria" title="Arche Austria">Arche Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pro_Specie_Rara" title="Pro Specie Rara">Pro Specie Rara</a> en <a href="/wiki/Suisse" title="Suisse">Suisse</a> – promeuvent <a href="/wiki/Biologie_de_la_conservation" title="Biologie de la conservation">la conservation</a> du patrimoine d'élevage et de la volaille pour leurs propres caractéristiques, ce qui peut contribuer à préserver <a href="/wiki/Diversit%C3%A9_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Diversité génétique">la diversité génétique</a> chez les animaux importants pour l'économie et l'alimentation humaine, ainsi que la <a href="/wiki/Biodiversit%C3%A9" title="Biodiversité">biodiversité</a> et des améliorations dans l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89levage" title="Élevage">élevage</a>. </p><p>En 2009, l'American livestock Breeds Conservancy a lancé de petites annonces de service pour la promotion de races rares. Il permet au grand public de « consulter les listes des rares races de bétail et de volaille pour la vente, des races rares qui produisent de la viande, de la laine, et d'autres éléments qui permettent de sécuriser l'avenir des races rares »<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autres_intérêts_des_races_rares"><span id="Autres_int.C3.A9r.C3.AAts_des_races_rares"></span>Autres intérêts des races rares</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Autres intérêts des races rares" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Autres intérêts des races rares"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au-delà des préoccupations des organisations de conservation, il y a d'autres raisons pour garder des races rares d'animaux. Les races rares peuvent être populaires auprès des agriculteurs amateurs, car elles demandent moins d'efforts pour leur gestion<sup id="cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199981–83_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YarwoodEvans199981–83-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Certaines races rares sont conservées comme attractions touristiques pour attirer des visiteurs<sup id="cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199981_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YarwoodEvans199981-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Certains agriculteurs préfèrent vendre de la viande de races rares, estimant que ces races donnent des produits de qualité<sup id="cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199983_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YarwoodEvans199983-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dohner2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Dohner2002_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Dohner2002">Dohner 2002</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbst.org.uk/watch-list/sheep/manxloaghtan"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Manx Loaghtan</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090829115438/http://www.rbst.org.uk/watch-list/sheep/manxloaghtan">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-08-29" data-sort-value="2009-08-29">29 août 2009</time></a>]</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SponenbergBixby20078-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-SponenbergBixby20078_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#SponenbergBixby2007">Sponenberg et Bixby 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 8. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SponenbergBixby20077-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-SponenbergBixby20077_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#SponenbergBixby2007">Sponenberg et Bixby 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 7. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SponenbergBixby20078–9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-SponenbergBixby20078–9_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#SponenbergBixby2007">Sponenberg et Bixby 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 8–9. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livestockconservancy.org/index.php/heritage/internal/parameters-cpl">"Parameters of Breeds on the Conservation Priority List"</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RBSTWatchlist-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RBSTWatchlist_7-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-RBSTWatchlist_7-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbst.org.uk/rare-breeds-watchlist"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Watchlist</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140117052023/https://www.rbst.org.uk/rare-breeds-watchlist">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-01-17" data-sort-value="2014-01-17">17 janvier 2014</time></a>]</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poultryclub.org/img/Breed%20Classification.pdf">"Breed Classification"</a> (PDF). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hams199938-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Hams199938_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hams1999">Hams 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 38. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YarwoodEvans199980-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199980_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#YarwoodEvans1999">Yarwood et Evans 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 80. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dohner2002182-183-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Dohner2002182-183_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Dohner2002">Dohner 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 182-183. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grit.com/animals/new-classified-service-for-rare-breeds-and-rare-breed-products.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">New Classified Service for Rare Breeds and Rare Breed Products</cite></a> »</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YarwoodEvans199981–83-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199981–83_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#YarwoodEvans1999">Yarwood et Evans 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 81–83. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YarwoodEvans199981-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199981_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#YarwoodEvans1999">Yarwood et Evans 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 81. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YarwoodEvans199983-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-YarwoodEvans199983_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#YarwoodEvans1999">Yarwood et Evans 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 83. </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Dohner2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Janet_Vorwald_Dohner2002"><small>[Donher 2002]</small> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Janet Vorwald <span class="nom_auteur">Dohner</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The encyclopedia of historic and endangered livestock and poultry breeds</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <time>2002</time>, 514 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-300-08880-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-300-08880-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-300-08880-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+historic+and+endangered+livestock+and+poultry+breeds&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.aulast=Dohner&rft.aufirst=Janet+Vorwald&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=514&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08880-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARace+rare"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Hams1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fred_Hams1999"><small>[Hams 1999]</small> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Fred <span class="nom_auteur">Hams</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Old Poultry Breeds</cite>, Buckinghamshire, Shire Books, <time>1999</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 40 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7478-0396-X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7478-0396-X"><span class="nowrap">0-7478-0396-X</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Poultry+Breeds&rft.place=Buckinghamshire&rft.pub=Shire+Books&rft.edition=3&rft.aulast=Hams&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=40&rft.isbn=0-7478-0396-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARace+rare"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="SponenbergBixby2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="D._Philip_SponenbergDonald_E._Bixby2007"><small>[Sponenberg 2007]</small> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D. Philip <span class="nom_auteur">Sponenberg</span> et Donald E. <span class="nom_auteur">Bixby</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Managing Breeds for a Secure Future : Strategies for Breeders and Breed Associations</cite>, Pittsboro, NC, The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, <time>2007</time>, 208 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-887316-07-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-887316-07-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-887316-07-1</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-887316-07-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-887316-07-8"><span class="nowrap">1-887316-07-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GmsDwDuuP2cC&printsec=frontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Managing+Breeds+for+a+Secure+Future&rft.place=Pittsboro%2C+NC&rft.pub=The+American+Livestock+Breeds+Conservancy&rft.stitle=Strategies+for+Breeders+and+Breed+Associations&rft.aulast=Sponenberg&rft.aufirst=D.+Philip&rft.au=Bixby%2C+Donald+E.&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=208&rft.isbn=978-1-887316-07-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARace+rare"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="YarwoodEvans1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_YarwoodNick_Evans1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard <span class="nom_auteur">Yarwood</span> et Nick <span class="nom_auteur">Evans</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Changing Geography of Rare Livestock Breeds in Britain</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Geography</i></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 84, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time>1999</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">80–87</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40573249">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Geography+of+Rare+Livestock+Breeds+in+Britain&rft.jtitle=%27%27Geography%27%27&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Yarwood&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Evans%2C+Nick&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=84&rft.pages=80%E2%80%9387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARace+rare"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_internes">Liens internes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens internes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_rare&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens internes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrimoine_agricole_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Patrimoine agricole du Québec">Patrimoine agricole du Québec</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89levage" title="Portail de l’élevage"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vache_NB.svg/39px-Vache_NB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vache_NB.svg/59px-Vache_NB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vache_NB.svg/78px-Vache_NB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="127" data-file-height="78" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89levage" title="Portail:Élevage">Portail de l’élevage</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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