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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class="">기부</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class="">계정 만들기</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">로그인</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 개인 도구 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko">기부</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"> 계정 만들기</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"> 로그인</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기">더 알아보기</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y">기여</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n">토론</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-용어" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#용어"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 용어 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-용어-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-관측된_기온_상승" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#관측된_기온_상승"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 관측된 기온 상승 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-관측된_기온_상승-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-현대_기후_변화가_일어난_원인" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#현대_기후_변화가_일어난_원인"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 현대 기후 변화가 일어난 원인 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-현대_기후_변화가_일어난_원인-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 현대 기후 변화가 일어난 원인 하위섹션 토글하기 </button> <ul id="toc-현대_기후_변화가_일어난_원인-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-온실_기체" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#온실_기체"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 온실 기체 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-온실_기체-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-에어로졸과_구름" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#에어로졸과_구름"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 에어로졸과 구름 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-에어로졸과_구름-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-토지_이용_변화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#토지_이용_변화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 토지 이용 변화 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-토지_이용_변화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-태양과_화산_활동" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#태양과_화산_활동"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 태양과 화산 활동 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-태양과_화산_활동-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-피드백" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#피드백"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 피드백 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-피드백-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-미래의_온난화와_탄소_수지" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#미래의_온난화와_탄소_수지"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 미래의 온난화와 탄소 수지 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-미래의_온난화와_탄소_수지-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후_변화의_영향" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_변화의_영향"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 기후 변화의 영향 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-기후_변화의_영향-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 기후 변화의 영향 하위섹션 토글하기 </button> <ul id="toc-기후_변화의_영향-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-환경의_영향" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#환경의_영향"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 환경의 영향 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-환경의_영향-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-티핑_포인트와_장기적인_영향" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#티핑_포인트와_장기적인_영향"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 티핑 포인트와 장기적인 영향 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-티핑_포인트와_장기적인_영향-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-자연과_생태계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자연과_생태계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 자연과 생태계 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자연과_생태계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-인간에_끼치는_영향" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#인간에_끼치는_영향"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 인간에 끼치는 영향 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-인간에_끼치는_영향-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-음식과_보건" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#음식과_보건"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 음식과 보건 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-음식과_보건-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-거주지와_생계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#거주지와_생계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 거주지와 생계 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-거주지와_생계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-온실_기체_배출량_감소_및_포집" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#온실_기체_배출량_감소_및_포집"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 온실 기체 배출량 감소 및 포집 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-온실_기체_배출량_감소_및_포집-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 온실 기체 배출량 감소 및 포집 하위섹션 토글하기 </button> <ul id="toc-온실_기체_배출량_감소_및_포집-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-친환경_에너지" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#친환경_에너지"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 친환경 에너지 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-친환경_에너지-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-에너지_절약" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#에너지_절약"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 에너지 절약 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-에너지_절약-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-농업과_산업" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#농업과_산업"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 농업과 산업 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-농업과_산업-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-탄소_격리" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#탄소_격리"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 탄소 격리 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-탄소_격리-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후_변화_적응" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_변화_적응"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 기후 변화 적응 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기후_변화_적응-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-정치와_정책" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정치와_정책"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 정치와 정책 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-정치와_정책-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 정치와 정책 하위섹션 토글하기 </button> <ul id="toc-정치와_정책-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-정책_선택지" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정책_선택지"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 정책 선택지 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-정책_선택지-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-국제_협약" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#국제_협약"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 국제 협약 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-국제_협약-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각국_내_대응" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각국_내_대응"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 각국 내 대응 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각국_내_대응-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-사회적_반응" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#사회적_반응"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 사회적 반응 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-사회적_반응-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 사회적 반응 하위섹션 토글하기 </button> <ul id="toc-사회적_반응-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-부정론과_허위_정보" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#부정론과_허위_정보"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 부정론과 허위 정보 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-부정론과_허위_정보-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-대중의_인식과_여론" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#대중의_인식과_여론"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 대중의 인식과 여론 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-대중의_인식과_여론-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-기후_운동" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_운동"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2.1 기후 운동 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기후_운동-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 역사 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-역사-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 역사 하위섹션 토글하기 </button> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-초기_발견" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#초기_발견"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 초기 발견 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-초기_발견-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-학계의_합의_형성_과정" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#학계의_합의_형성_과정"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 학계의 합의 형성 과정 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-학계의_합의_형성_과정-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 같이 보기 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 각주 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 참고 문헌 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 참고 문헌 하위섹션 토글하기 </button> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IPCC_보고서" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IPCC_보고서"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 IPCC 보고서 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IPCC_보고서-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-기타_동료평가된_보고서" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기타_동료평가된_보고서"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1.1 기타 동료평가된 보고서 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기타_동료평가된_보고서-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-서적,_보고서,_법조문" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#서적,_보고서,_법조문"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1.2 서적, 보고서, 법조문 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-서적,_보고서,_법조문-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-비공학적_출처" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#비공학적_출처"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1.3 비공학적 출처 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-비공학적_출처-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 외부 링크 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 목차 토글 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">기후변화</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 102개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" > 102개 언어 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaatsverandering" title="Klimaatsverandering – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klimaatsverandering" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimawandel" title="Klimawandel – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klimawandel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="تغير المناخ – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تغير المناخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="تبدال د لمناخ – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تبدال د لمناخ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="تغير المناخ – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تغير المناخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camb%C3%A9u_clim%C3%A1ticu" title="Cambéu climáticu – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cambéu climáticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qlim_d%C9%99yi%C5%9Fikliyi" title="İqlim dəyişikliyi – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqlim dəyişikliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="ایقلیم دییشیکلیگی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایقلیم دییشیکلیگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbago_kan_klima" title="Pagbago kan klima – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagbago kan klima" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Змена клімату – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Змена клімату" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Изменение на климата – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изменение на климата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="जलवायु बदलाव – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जलवायु बदलाव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8" title="জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনশীলতা এবং পরিবর্তন – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনশীলতা এবং পরিবর্তন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B" title="གནམ་གཤིས་འགྱུར་ལྡོག་ – 티베트어" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གནམ་གཤིས་འགྱུར་ལྡོག་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="티베트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatske_promjene" title="Klimatske promjene – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Klimatske promjene" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvi_clim%C3%A0tic" title="Canvi climàtic – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Canvi climàtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گۆڕانی ئاووھەوا – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆڕانی ئاووھەوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatick%C3%A9_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Klimatické změny – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klimatické změny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newid_hinsawdd" title="Newid hinsawdd – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Newid hinsawdd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="추천 항목"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima%C3%A6ndring" title="Klimaændring – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klimaændring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change" title="Climate Change – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Climate Change" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimawandel" title="Klimawandel – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klimawandel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF" title="जलवायु बदलि – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जलवायु बदलि" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Κλιματική αλλαγή – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλιματική αλλαγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Climate change" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimata_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Do" title="Klimata ŝanĝo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klimata ŝanĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Cambio climático – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cambio climático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliimamuutus" title="Kliimamuutus – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kliimamuutus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima_aldaketa" title="Klima aldaketa – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klima aldaketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تغییر اقلیم – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تغییر اقلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmastonmuutos" title="Ilmastonmuutos – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmastonmuutos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%B0urlagsbroytingar" title="Veðurlagsbroytingar – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Veðurlagsbroytingar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changement_climatique" title="Changement climatique – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Changement climatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athr%C3%BA_aer%C3%A1ide" title="Athrú aeráide – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Athrú aeráide" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atharrachadh_na_Gn%C3%A0th-sh%C3%ACde" title="Atharrachadh na Gnàth-shìde – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Atharrachadh na Gnàth-shìde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Cambio climático – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cambio climático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Climate change" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%A8" title="વૈશ્વિક આબોહવા પરિવર્તન – 구자라트어" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વૈશ્વિક આબોહવા પરિવર્તન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="구자라트어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caghlaa_emshyraght" title="Caghlaa emshyraght – 맹크스어" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caghlaa emshyraght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="맹크스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שינוי אקלים – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שינוי אקלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="जलवायु परिवर्तन – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलवायु परिवर्तन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatske_promjene" title="Klimatske promjene – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klimatske promjene" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanjman_klimatik" title="Chanjman klimatik – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chanjman klimatik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ghajlatv%C3%A1ltoz%C3%A1s" title="Éghajlatváltozás – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Éghajlatváltozás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կլիմայի փոփոխություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կլիմայի փոփոխություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կլիմայական Փոփոխութիւններ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կլիմայական Փոփոխութիւններ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubahan_iklim" title="Perubahan iklim – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perubahan iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato-chanjo" title="Klimato-chanjo – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klimato-chanjo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambiamento_climatico" title="Cambiamento climatico – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cambiamento climatico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95" title="気候変動 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気候変動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owahan_iklim" title="Owahan iklim – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Owahan iklim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კლიმატის ცვლილება – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლიმატის ცვლილება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96" title="Климаттың өзгеруі – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Климаттың өзгеруі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanj_an_Hin" title="Chanj an Hin – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chanj an Hin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%B3%D2%AF_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%81%D2%AF" title="Дүйнө жүзүндөгү климаттын өзгөрүүсү – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дүйнө жүзүндөгү климаттын өзгөрүүсү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimawandel" title="Klimawandel – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Klimawandel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangiamento_climatico" title="Cangiamento climatico – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cangiamento climatico" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato_kaita" title="Klimato kaita – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klimato kaita" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimata_p%C4%81rmai%C5%86as" title="Klimata pārmaiņas – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klimata pārmaiņas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiovan%27_ny_toetany" title="Fiovan' ny toetany – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiovan' ny toetany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Климатски промени – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Климатски промени" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="കാലാവസ്ഥാവ്യതിയാനം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാലാവസ്ഥാവ്യതിയാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="हवामान बदल – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हवामान बदल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubahan_iklim" title="Perubahan iklim – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perubahan iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibdil_fil-klima" title="Tibdil fil-klima – 몰타어" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tibdil fil-klima" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="몰타어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A5%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="ရာသီဥတုပြောင်းလဲမှု – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရာသီဥတုပြောင်းလဲမှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaatverandering" title="Klimaatverandering – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klimaatverandering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaendring" title="Klimaendring – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klimaendring" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaendring" title="Klimaendring – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klimaendring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambiament_climatic" title="Cambiament climatic – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cambiament climatic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmiana_klimatu" title="Zmiana klimatu – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zmiana klimatu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8_%D9%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آب و ہوا تبدیلی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آب و ہوا تبدیلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="د موسم بدلون – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د موسم بدلون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudan%C3%A7a_do_clima" title="Mudança do clima – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mudança do clima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihindagurika_ry%27ibihe" title="Ihindagurika ry'ibihe – 룬디어" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ihindagurika ry'ibihe" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="룬디어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schimbare_climatic%C4%83" title="Schimbare climatică – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Schimbare climatică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Изменение климата – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изменение климата" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_chynge" title="Climate chynge – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Climate chynge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promjena_klime" title="Promjena klime – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Promjena klime" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83" title="‍දේශගුණික විපර්යාස – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="‍දේශගුණික විපර්යාස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Climate change" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatick%C3%A9_zmeny" title="Klimatické zmeny – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klimatické zmeny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnebna_spremenljivost" title="Podnebna spremenljivost – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Podnebna spremenljivost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndryshimi_i_klim%C3%ABs" title="Ndryshimi i klimës – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndryshimi i klimës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Климатска промена – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Климатска промена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ndring" title="Klimatförändring – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klimatförändring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofauti_za_hali_ya_hewa_na_mabadiliko_yake" title="Tofauti za hali ya hewa na mabadiliko yake – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tofauti za hali ya hewa na mabadiliko yake" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காலநிலை மாற்றம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலநிலை மாற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="การเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbabago_ng_klima" title="Pagbabago ng klima – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagbabago ng klima" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0klim_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Fi" title="İklim değişikliği – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İklim değişikliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B2%DA%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89" title="يەر شارى كىلىمات ئۆزگىرىشى – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەر شارى كىلىمات ئۆزگىرىشى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Зміна клімату – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зміна клімату" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canbiamento_clim%C3%A0tego" title="Canbiamento climàtego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canbiamento climàtego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_kh%C3%AD_h%E1%BA%ADu" title="Biến đổi khí hậu – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biến đổi khí hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbabag-o_han_klima" title="Pagbabag-o han klima – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagbabag-o han klima" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="气候变化 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气候变化" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E7%8E%87%E8%88%87%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變率與變化 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氣候變率與變化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變化 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣候變化" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125928#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="이름공간"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="본문 보기 [c]" accesskey="c">문서</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" rel="discussion" title="문서의 내용에 대한 토론 문서 [t]" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화">기후 변화</a>에서 넘어옴)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"> <div class="dablink hatnote"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a> 이 문서는 20세기 이후 지구의 급격한 기온 변화에 관한 것입니다. 역사적인 지구의 전체적인 기후 변화에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후 변동 및 변화">기후 변동 및 변화</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="세계 지도에서 해양의 평균 온도가 2021년이 1956-1976년 대비 평균 0.5도에서 1도 상승했다. 대륙의 경우 1도에서 2도가 상승하였다. 북극은 4도 가까이 상승하였다." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg/langko-280px-Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg/langko-420px-Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg/langko-560px-Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>1956-1976년 평균 대비 2011-2021년 10년 사이 평균 지상 기온 차이를 그린 지도. 전체적으로 평균 0.5도에서 1도 상승하였다.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Global_Temperature_And_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="1880년부터 2020년까지 기온 변화 그래프로, 자연적인 동인으로 인한 기온 변화는 최대 섭씨 0.3도이다. 인간 활동으로 인한 기온 변화는 1980년까지 100여년 동안 약 0.3도로 유지되다 1980년 이후 지난 40년간 0.8도 더 상승하여 1.1도를 기록하였다." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Global_Temperature_And_Forces.svg/280px-Global_Temperature_And_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Global_Temperature_And_Forces.svg/420px-Global_Temperature_And_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Global_Temperature_And_Forces.svg/560px-Global_Temperature_And_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>산업 혁명 이후 지구 표면 기온의 변화와 그 동인을 그린 그래프이다. 인간의 활동이 기온 상승을 일으켰고, 자연의 동인은 매우 미미하다.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>:SPM-7</figcaption></figure> 기후 위기(氣候危機, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: climate crisis), 기후 비상사태(climate emergency) 혹은 기후 변화(climate change)는 지구 온난화처럼 지구의 평균 기온이 점진적으로 상승하면서 전지구적 기후 패턴이 급격하게 변화하는 현상 또는 이러한 변화로 인한 위험의 증가를 통틀어 일컫는다. 현대 이전에도 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후 변동 및 변화">기후 변화</a>가 있었지만, 현대의 기후 변화는 급격하며 자연스럽게 점진적으로 발생하는 현상도 아니다.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lynas_2021-3">[3]</a> 현재의 급격한 기후 변화는 인간이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="이산화 탄소">이산화탄소</a>(CO2)와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8" title="메테인">메테인</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="온실 기체 방출">온실 기체를 방출</a>해 일어난 현상이다. 인간이 방출한 온실 기체의 약 80%는 이산화탄소인데 이중 절대다수는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%89%EA%B3%BC_%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="세계의 에너지 공급과 소비">에너지를 사용</a>하기 위해 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D_%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="화석 연료">화석 연료</a>를 태워서 만들어진 것이다. 그 외에도 <a href="/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" title="농업">농업</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%95" title="제강">제강</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="시멘트">시멘트</a> 생산, <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%88%EC%82%B0%EB%A6%BC%ED%99%94" title="탈산림화">산림 손실</a>로 온실 기체가 방출되고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-4">[4]</a> 온실 기체는 햇빛을 투과하기 때문에 햇빛이 지구 표면을 가열한다. 하지만 지구가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%99%B8%EC%84%A0" title="적외선">적외선</a> 복사로 열을 우주로 방출할 때 온실 기체가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="온실 효과">복사열을 흡수하여 지상에 열을 가둔다</a>. 가둬진 열로 지구가 점점 뜨거워지면서 태양빛을 반사하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%82%AC%EC%9C%A8" title="반사율">반사율</a>이 높은 만년설 표면이 사라지는 등 지상에 여러 변화를 일으켜 지구 온난화를 가속시킨다.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> 육지는 지구 전체 평균보다 기온이 약 2배 빠르게 상승했다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%89" title="사막">사막</a>은 점점 넓어지고 있으며 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%97%BC" title="폭염">폭염</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%B6%88" title="산불">산불</a> 횟수도 점점 늘어나고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B7%B9_%EC%A6%9D%ED%8F%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="극 증폭 (없는 문서)">북극에서 심화되는 온난화</a>로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AC%EB%8F%99%ED%86%A0" title="영구동토">영구동토</a>층이 녹고 있으며 <a href="/wiki/1850%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80_%EC%9D%B4%ED%9B%84_%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98_%ED%9B%84%ED%87%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="1850년대 이후 빙하 후퇴">빙하와 해빙이 점차 사라지고 있다</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> 기온이 증가하며 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="열대 저기압과 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">더 강력한 폭풍</a>이 만들어지며 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EC%9D%B4%EB%B3%80" title="기상이변">기상이변</a>도 불러일으키고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%B0%ED%98%B8%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="산호초의 생태학적 문제 (없는 문서)">산호초</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0" title="산">산</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북극의 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">북극</a> 등지에서는 급격한 환경 변화로 수많은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="종 (생물학)">종</a>들이 강제로 이주하거나 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9D%B8%ED%95%9C_%EB%A9%B8%EC%A2%85_%EC%9C%84%ED%98%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화로 인한 멸종 위협 (없는 문서)">멸종</a>하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> 기후 변화는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" title="기후 변화와 농업">식량</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC_%EB%B6%80%EC%A1%B1" title="물 부족">물 부족</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%88%98" title="홍수">홍수</a> 증가, 극심한 폭염, 질병의 만연화와, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 경제적 영향">경제적 손실</a> 등 다양한 상황으로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EA%B0%80_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EC%97%90%EA%B2%8C_%EC%A3%BC%EB%8A%94_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화가 인간에게 주는 영향">인간을 위협</a>한다. 또한 기후 변화 그 자체로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EB%82%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="생태학적 난민">난민</a>을 만들기도 한다.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="세계보건기구">세계 보건 기구</a>(WHO)는 기후 변화를 21세기 세계 보건에게 끼칠 가장 큰 위협이라고 전망했다.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> 미래에 온난화를 최소화하려는 노력이 성공하더라도 수 세기 동안 지구는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 영향">다양한 영향</a>을 받을 것이다. 대표적인 예로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4_%EC%83%81%EC%8A%B9" title="해수면 상승">해수면 상승</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91_%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1%ED%99%94" title="해양 산성화">해양 산성화</a> 및 온난화 등이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> 기후 변화가 주는 다양한 영향은 현재 수준의 기온 상승인 약 1.2 °C 상승 시점에서도 이미 나타나고 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EA%B0%84_%ED%98%91%EC%9D%98%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화에 관한 정부간 협의체">기후 변화에 관한 정부간 협의체</a>(IPCC)는 온난화로 1.5 °C 이상 상승할 경우 지구에 돌이킬 수 없는 더 큰 영향을 미칠 것이라 경고하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-SR15-13">[13]</a> 온난화가 계속될 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EB%B9%99%EC%83%81" title="그린란드 빙상">그린란드 빙상</a>의 융해처럼 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%ED%8B%B0%ED%95%91_%ED%8F%AC%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후계의 티핑 포인트 (없는 문서)">티핑 포인트</a>(tipping points)에 닿을 상황에 처할 위기로 몰아넣는다.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> 이런 변화에 대응하는 방법으로는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%99%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화 완화">온난화 수준을 제한시키는 행동</a>을 취하거나, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화 적응">이런 변화에 적응하는 방법</a>이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-auto-15">[15]</a> 앞으로 지속될 온난화는 온실 기체 배출량을 줄이고 대기의 온실 기체를 제거해서 증가 수준을 줄일 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-auto-15">[15]</a> 온실 기체 배출량을 줄이는 데에는 풍력이나 태양 에너지 등 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="지속 가능 에너지">지속 가능 에너지</a>의 사용을 늘리고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a> 사용량을 점차 줄이며, 사용하는 에너지의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%A0%88%EC%95%BD" title="에너지 절약">효율성을 높여 절약</a>하는 방법이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> 기존의 화석 연료로 작동하는 탈것을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%B0%A8%EB%9F%89" title="전기차량">전기 차량</a>으로 대체하고 가정과 건물에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%ED%8E%8C%ED%94%84" title="열펌프">열펌프</a>를 사용하면 배출량이 더욱 감소할 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%A6%BC_%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8" title="산림 보호">산림 벌채를 막고</a> 숲을 늘리면 대기 중의 이산화탄소를 흡수하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> 지역 사회는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%95%88%EC%84%A0_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="해안선 관리">해안선 관리</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%83%81_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" title="비상 관리">재난 상황 관리</a>책을 강화하고 기후 변화에 저항력이 더 높은 작물을 개발하는 등의 방법으로 기후 변화에 적응할 수 있다. 하지만 이런 적응책만으로는 심각하고 광범위하며 영구적인 기후 변화의 위협으로 나타날 피해를 피할 수 없다.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> 2015년 채택된 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95_(2015%EB%85%84)" title="파리 협정 (2015년)">파리 협정</a>으로 전세계 각국은 기후 변화 완화를 노력하여 "최대 2 °C 상승" 이하를 유지하기로 합의하였다. 하지만 협정을 완전히 준수하더라도 21세기 말까지 지구 평균 기온은 약 2.7 °C 상승할 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-UNEP2021-20">[20]</a> 온난화 수준을 1.5 °C 이하로 제한하기 위해서는 2030년까지 온실 기체 배출량을 절반으로 줄여야 하고, 2050년까지 온실 기체 순배출량을 0(net-zero)으로 만들어야 한다.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> 관측 사상 가장 더운 해로 기록된 2023년의 경우 1850년 대비 1.48 °C가 상승했다.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="용어">용어</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 용어">편집</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Greenhouse_Effect_ko.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Greenhouse_Effect_ko.png/280px-Greenhouse_Effect_ko.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Greenhouse_Effect_ko.png/420px-Greenhouse_Effect_ko.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Greenhouse_Effect_ko.png/560px-Greenhouse_Effect_ko.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>기후 변화는 대기 중에 있는 온실 기체 농도가 상승하며 가속된다. 온실 기체는 지구의 기후계에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="온실 효과">열을 가둬버리는 온실 효과</a>를 강화시킨다.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></figcaption></figure> 1980년대 이전까지는 온실 기체의 증가로 인한 온난화가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%96%B4%EB%A1%9C%EC%A1%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="에어로졸">에어로졸</a>로 인한 냉각 효과를 뛰어넘을지 불분명했다. 이후 과학자들은 인간이 기후에 주는 영향을 종종 "의도치 않은 기후 조절"(inadvertent climate modification)이라고 말했다. 1980년대부터는 "지구 온난화"(global warming)와 "기후 변화"(climate change)라는 단어가 대중화되기 시작했다. 전자인 "지구 온난화"는 지상의 온도 증가만 언급하는 단어이고 후자인 "기후 변화"는 온실 기체가 기후에 미치는 전반적인 영향을 뜻하는 단어였다.<a href="#cite_note-Conway_2008-25">[25]</a> "지구 온난화"라는 단어는 1988년 <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>의 기후과학자인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%B8%EC%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제임스 핸슨 (없는 문서)">제임스 핸슨</a>이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%83%81%EC%9B%90" title="미국 상원">미국 상원</a> 증언석에서 처음 사용하면서 전반적으로 널리 쓰이기 시작했다.<a href="#cite_note-history.aip.org-26">[26]</a> 2000년대에는 "기후 변화"라는 단어가 대중적으로 쓰이기 시작했다.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> "지구 온난화"는 보통 인간이 일으킨 지구의 온난화 현상을, "기후 변화"는 자연적인 혹은 인위적인 경우를 모두 통틀어 말했다.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> 또한 두 용어가 서로 혼동되거나 뜻이 뒤바뀌어 사용되기도 하였다.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> 다양한 과학자, 정치인, 언론계 인사들은 기후 변화에 대해 이야기할 때 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0" title="기후위기">기후위기</a>(Climate crisis)나 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B9%84%EC%83%81%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C_%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 비상사태 선언">기후 비상사태</a>(Climate emergency)라는 용어를, "지구 온난화" 대신 "지구 가열"(global heating)이라는 용어를 사용하기 시작했다.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> 영국의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%94%94%EC%96%B8" title="가디언">가디언</a>지 편집장은 이런 용어 사용 정책을 "과학적으로 엄밀하게 이야기함을 밝힘과 동시에, 매우 중요한 이 문제를 독자와 명확하게 소통할 수 있도록 하기 위해" 편집 지침에 추가했다고 밝히기도 했다.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> 2019년에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A5%EC%8A%A4%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90_%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90%EB%B6%80" title="옥스퍼드 대학교 출판부">옥스퍼드 대학교 출판부</a>의 "옥스퍼드 랭기지"(Oxford Languages)가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%AC%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%8B%A8%EC%96%B4" title="올해의 단어">올해의 단어</a>로 "기후 비상사태"(climate emergency)를 선정하면서 이를 "기후 변화를 줄이거나 멈추고 그로 인한 잠재적으로 돌이킬 수 없는 생태학적 피해를 막기 위해 긴급한 대책이 필요한 상황"이라고 정의하였다.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="관측된_기온_상승">관측된 기온 상승</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 관측된 기온 상승">편집</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B8%A1%EC%A0%95_%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84_%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="측정 온도 기록 (없는 문서)">측정 온도 기록</a> 및 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%BC%EA%B1%B0_2,000%EB%85%84%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84_%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="과거 2,000년간의 온도 기록 (없는 문서)">과거 2,000년간의 온도 기록</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Common_Era_Temperature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Common_Era_Temperature.svg/langko-280px-Common_Era_Temperature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Common_Era_Temperature.svg/langko-420px-Common_Era_Temperature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Common_Era_Temperature.svg/langko-560px-Common_Era_Temperature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>과거 2,000년간의 온도 기록을 재구성한 그래프. 파랑 선은 나이테, 산호초, 북극 아이스 코어 등 간접적인 데이터를 이용해서 추정한 온도 기록이다.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> 빨강 선은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84%EA%B3%84" title="온도계">온도계</a>를 통해 직접적으로 관측한 온도 기록이다.<a href="#cite_note-nasa_temperatures-35">[35]</a></figcaption></figure> 여러 독립적인 측정 데이터세트에서는 현 지구의 기후가 온난화되고 있음을 보여주고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> 2011년에서 2020년 사이 10년간은 산업화 이전 기준선인 1850년-1900년 사이 평균 기온보다 평균 1.09 °C (오차 감안 0.95–1.20 °C) 상승하였다.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> 지상 기온은 10년마다 평균 0.2 °C 상승하고 있으며,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> 2020년 기준 산업화 이전보다 1.2 °C 더 상승한 상태이다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWMO20216-39">[39]</a> 1950년대 이후부터 전세계적으로 추운 날의 수가 더 줄어들고 있으며, 따뜻한 날의 수가 더 늘어나고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> 18세기에서 19세기 중반 사이에는 순 온난화 현상이 거의 없었다. 이 시기의 기후 정보는 나무의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%85%8C_(%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="나이테 (식물)">나이테</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BD%94%EC%96%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="아이스 코어">아이스 코어</a> 같은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9D%EC%8B%9C_(%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="프록시 (기후) (없는 문서)">간접 관측 기록</a>을 이용해 추정한다. 이런 자료를 통해 자연적인 변화 수치가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="산업 혁명">산업 혁명</a> 초기의 영향을 상쇄시켰다는 것을 알아냈다.<a href="#cite_note-SR15_Ch1_p57-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84%EA%B3%84" title="온도계">온도계</a>를 통한 직접적인 기온 관측 기록은 1850년대 경부터 전 세계에 나오기 시작했다.<a href="#cite_note-AR5_WG1_SPM_p4-5-42">[42]</a> 그 이전 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B8_%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="중세 온난기 (없는 문서)">중세 온난기</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%99%EA%B8%B0" title="소빙기">소빙기</a> 같은 역사적인 온난화 및 한랭화는 전 세계 다른 지역에서 동시다발적으로 발생하진 않았다. 특정한 한정된 지역에서는 기온이 잠깐 20세기 후반 수준으로 상승했을 수도 있었다.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> 선사 시대에도 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EC%84%B8-%EC%97%90%EC%98%A4%EC%84%B8_%EC%B5%9C%EB%8C%80%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="팔레오세-에오세 최대온난기 (없는 문서)">팔레오세-에오세 최대온난기</a> 같은 전지구적 온난화 현상이 있었긴 했다.<a href="#cite_note-AR5_WG1_Ch_5-44">[44]</a> 하지만 현대에 관측되고 있는 기온 상승과 이산화탄소 농도의 상승은 매우 빠르며 지구 역사상 일어났었던 그 어떤 지구물리학적 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B8%89%EB%B3%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 급변 (없는 문서)">기후 급변</a> 사건보다도 그 속도가 빠르다.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> 측정한 기온으로 보이는 온난화의 증거는 광범위한 기타 다른 자료로도 보강된다.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Loeb_Johnson_Thorsen_Lyman_2021_p.-47">[47]</a> 일례로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%9A%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="폭우">폭우</a>의 빈도와 그 강도가 더 강해지고 많아졌으며, 육지의 얼음과 눈이 녹았으며 대기의 평균 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EB%8F%84" title="습도">습도</a>도 상승했다.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> 또한 동식물군은 일례로 꽃이 점점 더 이른 봄에 피어나는 현상과 같이, 온난화와 일치하는 경향으로 생태가 변화하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> 또 다른 핵심적인 온난화 지표에는 대기 상층부의 한랭화 현상인데, 온실 기체가 지구 표면 근처에 열을 가둬버려 우주로 열이 방사되는 것을 막아 높은 고도에서의 기온이 시간이 지날수록 점차 낮아지고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> 전 세계의 여러 지역마다 온난화의 진행 속도는 서로 다르다. 온난화 진행 속도 차이는 온실 기체가 방출되는 정도의 차이와 관계가 있는 것은 아니다. 온실 기체의 효과가 지구 전체에 골고루 퍼질 정도로 충분히 오래 유지되기 때문이다. 산업화 이전부터 육지의 평균 기온은 지구 전체의 평균 기온보다 거의 2배 빠르게 상승하였다.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> 그 이유로는 바다가 육지보다 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%9A%A9%EB%9F%89" title="열용량">열용량</a>이 더 크고 바다에서는 물의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EB%B0%9C" title="증발">증발</a>로 더 많은 열을 잃기 쉽기 때문이다.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> 지구 내 기후계의 열에너지는 1970년대 일시적인 답보 상태 이후로는 꾸준히 늘어났으며, 늘어난 여분의 열에너지 중 약 90% 이상이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91_%EC%97%B4%EC%9A%A9%EB%9F%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="해양 열용량 (없는 문서)">바다에 저장</a>되었다.<a href="#cite_note-ocean_heat_absorption-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harvipccar5-54">[54]</a> 나머지 열에너지는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0" title="대기">대기</a>를 데우고 얼음을 녹이며 육지를 덥히는 역할을 하였다.<a href="#cite_note-EarthSysSciData_20200907-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EB%B0%98%EA%B5%AC" title="북반구">북반구</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9" title="북극">북극</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%B0%98%EA%B5%AC" title="남반구">남반구</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EA%B7%B9" title="남극">남극</a>보다 더 빨리 따뜻해졌다. 북반구의 육지 면적이 훨씬 더 넓은 뿐 아니라, 계절의 변화에 따라 덮이는 눈과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B9%99" title="해빙">해빙</a>도 더 많다. 훨씬 더 많은 빛을 반사하는 표면이 있는 얼음이 녹아 더 어두운 흙이 노출되면 반사율이 낮아 더 많은 열을 흡수하기 시작한다.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> 눈과 얼음에 쌓이는 검은 탄소도 북극 온난화의 원인이 된다.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> 북극의 기온은 세계에서 가장 빠르게 증가하고 있으며 지구의 다른 지역보다 두 배 이상 빠르게 증가하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> 북극의 빙하와 빙상이 녹으면 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%95%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94_%EB%A7%8C%EB%A5%98" title="멕시코 만류">멕시코 만류</a>의 순환을 약화시키는 등 전 지구적인 해양 순환을 방해시켜 기후를 더욱 변화시킨다.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> 이러한 기온 상승은 온실가스 수치와 함께 상승하는 추세는 기후 모델로 예측되었다.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="현대_기후_변화가_일어난_원인">현대 기후 변화가 일어난 원인</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 현대 기후 변화가 일어난 원인">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="현대 기후 변화의 원인">현대 기후 변화의 원인</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg/280px-Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg/420px-Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg/560px-Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>1850-1900년에서 2010-2019년 사이 기후 변화를 일으킨 주요 요인의 온도 변화 영향력을 그린 그래프. 자연적인 내부 변동이나 태양, 화산 활동으로 인한 유의미한 영향은 없다.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B3%84" title="기후계">기후계</a>는 수십년 혹은 수 세기를 주기로 하는, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%B0%A9%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="남방진동">엘리뇨-남방진동</a>과 같은 다양한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후 변동 및 변화">기후 변동</a>을 가지고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> 그 외의 변화는 기후계 '외부'의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%88%98%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="지구 에너지 수지">에너지 불균형</a>으로 인해 발생하지만 기후계의 외부가 꼭 지구 외부를 의미하는 것은 아니다.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> 기후계의 외부 영향으로는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="온실 기체">온실 기체</a>의 농도 변화, <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%EA%B4%91%EB%8F%84" title="태양 광도">태양 광도</a>의 변화, <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="화산">화산</a> 폭발, 태양 주위를 도는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84_%EC%B4%89%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="궤도 촉성 (없는 문서)">지구 궤도의 여러 변화</a> 등이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> 기후 변화에 있어 인간이 얼마나 많은 영향을 끼쳤는지 분석하기 위해서는 알려진 기후계 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후 변동 및 변화">내부 변동</a>이나 자연적인 외력은 배제해야 한다. 여기서 사용하는 접근법은 모든 잠재 원인에 대한 일종의 '지문'을 지정한 다음 이 지문을 관측된 기후 변화 패턴과 비교하는 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> 예를 들어 태양 궤도 변동을 주요 원인으로 배제한다. 이 지문은 대기 전체를 따뜻하게 만들 것이다. 하지만 이 지문을 빼더라도 하층부 대기만 따뜻해지는데 이는 온실 기체의 효과로 인해 발생하는 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="현대 기후 변화의 원인">현대 기후 변화의 원인</a>은 전적으로(100%) 점차 증가한 온실 기체 때문이며 에어로졸이 여기에 약간의 감쇠 효과를 가지고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="온실_기체">온실 기체</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 온실 기체">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="온실 기체">온실 기체</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="온실 기체 방출">온실 기체 방출</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="온실 효과">온실 효과</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC_%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="복사 강제력">복사 강제력</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="지구 대기의 이산화탄소">지구 대기의 이산화탄소</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg/280px-Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg/420px-Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg/560px-Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>아이스 코어(파랑/녹색)을 통한 추정 기온 기록과 직접 측정한 기온 기록(검정)을 통해 복원한 지난 80만년간의 이산화 탄소 농도 그래프.</figcaption></figure> 지구는 태양에서 내려온 <a href="/wiki/%ED%96%87%EB%B9%9B" title="햇빛">햇빛</a>을 흡수하고 이를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC%EB%83%89%EA%B0%81" title="복사냉각">복사열의 형태</a>로 다시 방출한다. 대기 중의 온실 기체는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%99%B8%EC%84%A0" title="적외선">적외선</a>을 흡수한 후 다시 방출하여 복사열이 대기를 통과해 우주로 방출하는 속도를 지연시킨다.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> 산업 혁명 이전에는 자연적으로 발생하는 온실 기체 때문에 지표면 근처의 기온은 온실 기체가 하나도 없었을 때보다 약 33 °C 더 높았다.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> 온실 효과에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0" title="수증기">수증기</a>(~50%)와 구름(~25%)이지만 이 둘은 기온에 영향을 받아 증가하는 관계가 있는 기후계 내부 요소에 해당하며 온도에 따라 두 요인의 크기가 계속해서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="피드백">피드백</a>된다. 반면 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="이산화 탄소">이산화 탄소</a>(~20%), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%A4%EC%A1%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지상의 오존 (없는 문서)">지상의 오존</a>,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BC%ED%99%94_%ED%94%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="염화 플루오린화 탄소">염화 플루오린화 탄소</a>(CFC), <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%EC%A7%88%EC%86%8C" title="아산화 질소">아산화 질소</a> 등의 기체 농도는 온도에 영향을 받지 않는 기후계 외부 압력에 속한다.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> 산업 혁명 이후에는 화석 연료(<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0" title="석유">석유</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%97%B0_%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="천연 가스">천연 가스</a>)를 추출하고 연소하는 등 인간의 활동으로<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> 대기 중 온실 기체 양이 크게 증가하여 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC_%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="복사 강제 (없는 문서)">복사 불균형</a> 현상이 발생했다. 2019년 기준 이산화 탄소와 메테인의 농도는 1750년 이후 각각 약 48%, 160% 증가했다.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> 현재의 이산화 탄소 농도는 지난 2백만년 기준 최고 수치이다. 메테인의 농도는 지난 80만년 기준 최고 수치이다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021TS-35-74">[74]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:CO2_Emissions_by_Source_Since_1880.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/CO2_Emissions_by_Source_Since_1880.svg/280px-CO2_Emissions_by_Source_Since_1880.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/CO2_Emissions_by_Source_Since_1880.svg/420px-CO2_Emissions_by_Source_Since_1880.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/CO2_Emissions_by_Source_Since_1880.svg/560px-CO2_Emissions_by_Source_Since_1880.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세계 탄소 프로젝트 (없는 문서)">세계 탄소 프로젝트</a>가 추정한 1880년 이후 각 요인별 이산화 탄소 배출 증가량을 그린 그래프.</figcaption></figure> 2019년 기준 전 세계의 인위적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="온실 기체 방출">온실 기체 방출</a>량은 이산화 탄소 약 590억 톤과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94_%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98" title="지구 온난화 지수">맞먹는다</a>. 총 온실 기체 방출량 중 이산화 탄소가 75%, 메테인이 18%, 아산화 질소가 4%, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%B0%ED%99%94_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="플루오린화 기체 (없는 문서)">플루오린화 기체</a>가 2%였다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG3_Summary_for_Policymakers2022Figure_SPM.1-75">[75]</a> 이 중 이산화 탄소의 배출은 주로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5" title="교통">교통</a>, 제조업, 난방, 전기를 위한 에너지를 쓰기 위해 화석 연료를 태우며 발생하였다.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-4">[4]</a> 그 외에도 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%88%EC%82%B0%EB%A6%BC%ED%99%94" title="탈산림화">산림 벌채</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85_%EA%B3%B5%EC%A0%95" title="산업 공정">산업 공정</a>에서도 이산화 탄소가 배출되었는데 주로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%B2%A0" title="강철">강철</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A3%A8%EB%AF%B8%EB%8A%84" title="알루미늄">알루미늄</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%A3%8C" title="비료">비료</a>를 제조하기 위해 사용하는 화학 반응으로 이산화 탄소가 배출되었다.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> 메테인은 주로 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%84%EC%9E%A5_%EB%B0%9C%ED%9A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="위장 발효 (없는 문서)">가축 목축</a>, 천연 거름 이용, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8C%80" title="쌀">쌀</a> 재배, 매립지, 폐수, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84%EC%B8%B5_%EB%A9%94%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="석탄층 메테인 (없는 문서)">석탄</a> 및 석유, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%88%EB%A3%A8%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B0%B0%EC%B6%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="탈루성 기체 배출 (없는 문서)">천연 가스 채굴</a> 과정에서 배출되었다.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> 아산화 질소는 주로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%A3%8C" title="비료">비료</a>의 미생물 분해 과정에서 배출되었다.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> 온실 기체 방출에 산림 벌채가 큰 요인을 차지하고 있지만 그럼에도 지구의 육지 표면, 특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%B2" title="숲">숲</a>이 가장 큰 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%ED%9D%A1%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소 흡수원">탄소 흡수원</a> 역할을 하고 있다. 토양의 생물학적 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%95" title="탄소 고정">탄소 고정</a>이나 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="광합성">광합성</a>과 같은 지표면의 탄소 흡수 작용으로 연간 전 세계 이산화 탄소 배출량의 29%가 다시 흡수된다.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> 바다도 두 단계 과정을 통해 중요한 이산화 탄소 흡수원 역할을 한다. 먼저 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EC%B8%B5%EC%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="표층수 (없는 문서)">표층수</a>에 이산화 탄소가 용해되고 나면 바다의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%BC%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98" title="열염순환">열염순환</a> 과정에서 이산화 탄소가 흡수된 바닷물이 해양 심층으로 깊숙이 골고루 가라앉고 시간이 지나면 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소의 순환">탄소의 순환</a> 과정으로 바다 심해에 축적된다. 지난 20년간 전 세계의 바다가 그동안 배출한 이산화 탄소의 20~30%를 흡수하였다.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="에어로졸과_구름">에어로졸과 구름</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 에어로졸과 구름">편집</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%AC%B4%EC%A7%88" title="연무질">연무질</a>(에어로졸) 형태의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%98%A4%EC%97%BC" title="대기 오염">대기 오염</a>은 인간의 건강에도 큰 영향을 끼칠 뿐 아니라 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%84%B8%EB%A8%BC%EC%A7%80" title="미세먼지">기후에도 큰 영향</a>을 미친다.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> 1961년부터 1990년까지 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="방사조도">지구 표면에 도달하는 햇빛의 양</a>이 점차 감소하는 현상이 관측되었는데 이를 대중들은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%94%ED%99%94" title="지구음암화">지구음암화</a>라고 불렀으며<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> 그 원인은 바이오 연료와 화석 연료의 연소 과정에서 발생한 에어로졸이 지구 대기에 영향을 줘서 발생했던 것으로 알려져 있다.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> 전 세계적으로 에어로졸의 농도는 1990년 이후부터 꾸준히 감소하였으며 이는 에어로졸이 더 이상 온실 기체의 온난화 효과를 저지하지 못한다는 뜻이다.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> 에어로졸은 지구 대기 중에서 산란시키고 태양 복사를 흡수한다. 또한 지구의 복사열 수지에도 영향을 미친다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%82%B0" title="황산">황산</a> 에어로졸은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84_%EC%9D%91%EC%A7%91%ED%95%B5" title="구름 응집핵">구름 응집핵</a> 역할을 하여 더 작고 더 많은 물방울을 지닌 구름으로 변화한다. 이런 에어로졸 구름은 더 크고 더 적은 물방울을 지닌 구름보다 태양 복사의 반사율이 더 높다.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> 또한 구름에 들어오는 햇빛을 더 많이 반사되게 만드는 빗방울의 성장도 감소시킨다.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> 에어로졸의 간접적인 영향은 각각의 요소가 서로 다른 영향을 주기 때문에 복사 강제력에 있어 가장 큰 불확실성을 만든다.<a href="#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-87">[87]</a> 에어로졸은 보통 햇빛을 반사시켜 지구 온난화의 영향을 제한시키지만 눈이나 얼음 위에 떨어지는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%84%EC%9D%8C" title="그을음">그을음</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99_%EC%B9%B4%EB%B3%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="블랙 카본">블랙 카본</a>은 지구 온난화에 영향을 준다. 블랙 카본은 땅의 햇빛 흡수량을 늘리고 눈과 얼음을 녹여 해수면 상승을 이끈다.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> 북극에 새롭게 쌓인 블랙 카본 퇴적물을 제한하면 2050년까지 기온 상승을 0.2 °C 낮출 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="토지_이용_변화">토지 이용 변화</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 토지 이용 변화">편집</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg/280px-20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg/420px-20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg/560px-20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>전 세계의 숲, 녹지 영역의 손실률은 2001년 이후 약 2배로 증가했으며, 매년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="이탈리아">이탈리아</a>의 전 국토 면적에 해당하는 숲이 사라지고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></figcaption></figure> 인간은 보통 더 많은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="농경지">농경지</a>를 확보하기 위해 지구 토지를 변화시킨다. 현재 지구 토지 영역의 34%가 농경지이며 26%는 숲, 30%는 사람이 살 수 없는 빙하나 사막 같은 지형이다.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> 산림의 넓이는 계속 줄어들고 있는데 이 과정에서 일어나는 토지 이용 변화로 지구 온난화가 가속화되고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%88%EC%82%B0%EB%A6%BC%ED%99%94" title="탈산림화">탈산림화</a>로 나무가 벌채될 때 나무 안에 있던 이산화탄소가 방출되고 그 나무가 미래에 더 많은 이산화탄소를 흡수할 수 있는 기회를 빼앗는다.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> 산림 벌채가 일어나는 주요 원인으로는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B8%B0" title="고기">고기</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%9C%EC%9C%A0" title="팜유">팜유</a>와 같은 작물 생산을 위한 농지로의 영구 토지 이용 변화가 27%, 임업, 수산업 가공품 생산을 위한 벌목이 26%, <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%A0%84%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" title="화전농업">화전농업</a>과 같은 단기간 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99%EA%B2%BD%EC%9E%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이동경작 (없는 문서)">이동경작</a>이 24%, 산불이 23%이다.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> 토지 이용 변화는 온실 기체 배출에만 영향을 주는 것이 아니다. 그 지역의 식생 유형이 지역의 평균 기온에도 영향을 준다. 즉 식생 유형은 얼마나 많은 햇빛이 다시 우주로 반사되는지(<a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%82%AC%EC%9C%A8" title="반사율">반사율</a>), 얼마나 많은 열이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EB%B0%9C%EC%8B%9D_%EB%83%89%EA%B0%81%EA%B8%B0" title="증발식 냉각기">증발로 손실되는지</a>에 영향을 미친다. 예를 들어, 어두운 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%B2" title="숲">숲</a>이 초원으로 변하면 표면이 더 밝아져 반사율이 증가해 햇빛이 더 많이 반사된다. 또한 탈산림화는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84" title="구름">구름</a>에 영향을 미치는 화학적인 화합물 방출 조성을 변형하고 바람 패턴을 변화시켜 기온에 영향을 줄 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-Seymour_2019-95">[95]</a> 열대 지방과 온대 지방에서는 모든 요소를 합친 순효화가 온난화를 가속시키는 반면, 극지방에 가까운 고위도에서는 숲이 눈밭으로 바뀌면 반사율이 증가해 냉각 효과가 발생한다.<a href="#cite_note-Seymour_2019-95">[95]</a> 전 세계적으로 총 영향은 지구 표면 반사율의 증가로 아주 미약한 냉각 효과가 발생한 것으로 추정된다.<a href="#cite_note-IPCC_Special_Report:_Climate_change_and_Land_p2-54-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="태양과_화산_활동">태양과 화산 활동</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 태양과 화산 활동">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="태양 활동과 기후">태양 활동과 기후</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> 물리적 기후 모델에서는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a> 활동과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="화산">화산</a> 활동의 변화만으로는 최근 수십년 간 관측된 급격한 온난화를 재연할 수 없다.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> 태양은 지구에 들어오는 에너지원이기 때문에 지구로 내리쬐는 햇빛의 변화는 기후계에 직접적인 영향을 가져온다.<a href="#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1" title="인공위성">인공위성</a>을 통해 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="태양 주기">태양의 복사조도</a> 수치를 측정하고 있으며,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> 간접 관측 기록까지 합치면 1600년도부터 현재까지 태양 활동의 변화를 추적할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-87">[87]</a> 지구로 들어오는 총 태양 에너지는 증가 추세가 없다.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> 지구 온난화를 일으키는 것이 온실 기체라는 또 다른 강력한 증거로는 대기 하부(<a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%98%EA%B6%8C" title="대류권">대류권</a>)는 기온이 점점 증가하지만 대기 상부(<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%B8%B5%EA%B6%8C" title="성층권">성층권</a>)는 기온이 점점 하강하고 있다는 관측 결과이다.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> 만약 태양 활동 때문에 지구 온난화가 발생한 것이라면 대기 상부와 하부 모두 기온이 증가해야 한다.<a href="#cite_note-:1-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%ED%99%94_(%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%ED%95%99)" title="분화 (화산학)">거대한 화산 분화</a>는 산업화 이전까지 가장 거대했던 자연적인 기후 변동 요인이다. 분화가 매우 강해서 대기 성층권에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%99%A9" title="이산화 황">이산화 황</a>이 흝뿌려진다면 수 년간 에어로졸이 햇빛을 차단할 수 있다. 온도는 약 두 배 정도 영향을 받는다. 산업화 이후 화산 활동은 지구 기온의 향방에 거의 무시할 수 있을 정도로 영향을 주지 못한다.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> 현재의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0_%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" title="화산 가스">화산성 이산화 탄소</a> 배출량은 인간이 배출하는 이산화 탄소 배출량의 1% 미만이다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerAiuppa2020-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="피드백">피드백</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 피드백">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 피드백 (없는 문서)">기후 변화 피드백</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%AF%BC%EA%B0%90%EB%8F%84" title="기후 민감도">기후 민감도</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:NORTH_POLE_Ice_(19626661335).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/NORTH_POLE_Ice_%2819626661335%29.jpg/280px-NORTH_POLE_Ice_%2819626661335%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/NORTH_POLE_Ice_%2819626661335%29.jpg/420px-NORTH_POLE_Ice_%2819626661335%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/NORTH_POLE_Ice_%2819626661335%29.jpg/560px-NORTH_POLE_Ice_%2819626661335%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B9%99" title="해빙">해빙</a>은 내려쬐는 일사량의 50-70%를 다시 반사하는 반면 그보다 어두운 색깔의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A4" title="바다">바다</a>는 6%만 반사하므로 해빙이 녹는 것은 자기 강화 피드백(양성 피드백)에 속한다. 사진은 녹고 있는 북극의 해빙.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></figcaption></figure> 초기 위에서 나열한 여러 강제력으로 입력을 준 기후계의 반응은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="피드백">피드백</a>을 통해 조정된다. 피드백으로는 자기 강화 피드백, 즉 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1_%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="양성 피드백">양성 피드백</a>으로 반응이 더 커지고 반대로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1_%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="음성 피드백">음성 피드백</a>으로는 반응이 약해진다.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> 기후계의 주요 양성 피드백에는 수증기 피드백, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%BC%EC%9D%8C-%EB%B0%98%EC%82%AC%EC%9C%A8_%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="얼음-반사율 피드백 (없는 문서)">얼음-반사율 피드백</a>, 구름의 순효과 반응이 속한다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–91-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> 지구의 일차적인 음성 피드백으로는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC%EB%83%89%EA%B0%81" title="복사냉각">복사냉각</a> 반응으로 지구의 표면 온도가 상승하면 그에 따라 더 많은 복사열을 우주로 방출한다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–90-107">[107]</a> 온도 피드백 외에도 식물 생장에 대한 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EB%B9%84%EB%A3%8C_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이산화 탄소 비료 효과 (없는 문서)">이산화 탄소의 비료 효과</a>와 같이 탄소 순환과 같은 피드백도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> 기후 모델마다 주어진 온실 기체 입력값에 따라 서로 다른 규모의 온난화를 예측하는 이유도 바로 이 피드백의 불확실성 때문이다.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> 공기가 온실 기체 때문에 따뜻해져 기온이 상승하면 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EB%8F%84" title="습도">더 많은 수분을 함유할 수</a> 있다. 수증기는 매우 강력한 온실 기체이므로 대기를 더 많이 가열한다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–91-105">[105]</a> 여기서 구름으로 덮인 땅의 면적이 증가한다면 더 많은 햇빛이 우주로 반사되어 지구가 냉각될 것이다. 만약 구름이 더 높은 높이에 생기고 더 얉아진다면 구름이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%97%B4%EC%9E%AC" title="단열재">단열재</a> 역할을 하여 지표면에서 반사한 열을 다시 지표면으로 구름이 반사하는 역할을 하여 지구 안에 열이 같히고 지구가 더워질 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsCeppiKatavouta2020-110">[110]</a> 구름의 영향은 피드백의 불확실성에 있어 가장 큰 요인으로 작용한다.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> 또 다른 기후계의 주요 피드백으로는 북극의 눈으로 덮인 지역과 해빙의 감소 반응으로 이 둘이 일어나면 지구의 반사율이 감소한다.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> 더 많은 태양 에너지가 반사율이 낮아진 지역에서 흡수되면서 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B7%B9_%EC%A6%9D%ED%8F%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="극 증폭 (없는 문서)">북극의 온도 변화가 증폭</a>된다.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> 북극의 증폭 현상으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8F%99%ED%86%A0%EC%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="영구 동토층">영구 동토층</a>도 빠르게 녹아 메테인과 이산화 탄소를 대기중으로 방출한다.<a href="#cite_note-Turetsky_2019-114">[114]</a> 기후 변화는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%A7%80" title="습지">습지</a>, 해수계, 담수계의 메테인 방출도 증폭시킬 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeanMiddelburgRöckmannAerts2018-115">[115]</a> 이 효과 때문에 기후계의 전체적인 반응은 점점 양성 피드백이 강화되는 방향으로 흘러갈 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> 인간이 배출한 총 이산화 탄소의 약 절반은 육지의 식물과 바다가 흡수했다.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> 육지에서는 이산화 탄소 농도의 증가와 생장기의 확대가 식물의 성장을 자극했다. 하지만 기후 변화는 식물의 성장을 방해하는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%AD%84" title="가뭄">가뭄</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%97%BC" title="폭염">폭염</a>을 강화하기 때문에 식물의 탄소 흡수구가 계속 증폭될지는 미지수이다.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> 토양도 많은 양의 탄소를 함유하고 있으며 가열되면 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%86%A0%EC%96%91_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="토양 탄소 피드백 (없는 문서)">일부 탄소가 방출</a>될 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> 더 많은 이산화탄소와 열이 바다에 흡수되면 바다가 산성화되어 해양 순환이 변하고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%84%B1_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC%ED%86%A4" title="식물성 플랑크톤">식물성 플랑크톤</a>이 더 적은 탄소를 흡수해 바다가 대기 중의 탄소를 흡수하는 속도가 느려진다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201793–95-120">[120]</a> 전반적으로 이산화 탄소의 농도가 높아진다면 더 적은 배출량만 자연이 흡수하게 된다.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="미래의_온난화와_탄소_수지">미래의 온난화와 탄소 수지</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 미래의 온난화와 탄소 수지">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EC%88%98%EC%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="탄소 수지 (없는 문서)">탄소 수지</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 모델">기후 모델</a> 및 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 시나리오 (없는 문서)">기후 변화 시나리오</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Projected_Change_in_Temperatures.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Projected_Change_in_Temperatures.svg/280px-Projected_Change_in_Temperatures.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Projected_Change_in_Temperatures.svg/420px-Projected_Change_in_Temperatures.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Projected_Change_in_Temperatures.svg/560px-Projected_Change_in_Temperatures.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="결합 모델 상호비교 프로젝트 (없는 문서)">CMIP6</a> 다중 모델의 평균변화값을 기반으로 하여 1850-1900년 대비 특정 기온만큼 평균 기온이 상승할 경우 모델로 예측되는 전 지구상의 표면 온도의 변화 지도.</figcaption></figure> 기후 모델이란 기후계에 영향을 미치는 다양한 물리적, 화학적, 생물학적 과정을 압축해 묘사한 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> 모델에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%AF%BC%EA%B0%90%EB%8F%84" title="기후 민감도">기후 피드백의 강도</a>를 고려하여 향후 추가적인 온실 기체 방출이 야기할 온난화 수준을 계산하는 데 사용한다.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> 또한 기후 모델에서는 지구 공전, 자전 궤도의 변화, 역사적인 태양 활동의 변화, 화산 활동과 같은 여러 자연 현상을 고려해 계산한다.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> 기후 모델은 미래의 기온을 추정하는 것 외에도 바다의 대순환, 계절의 연간 주기, 육지 표면과 대기 사이 탄소의 흐름을 재연하고 예측한다.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> 기후 모델의 물리적인 현실성은 현 시기와 과거의 기후를 시뮬레이션 하여 실제와 비교하는 과정으로 확인할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> 옛 구형 모델은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9_%ED%95%B4%EB%B9%99%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%90%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북극 해빙의 감소 (없는 문서)">북극 해빙의 감소</a>와<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> 강수 비율의 증가를 과소평가했다.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> 또한 옛 모델에서는 1990년 이후 해수면 상승도 과소평가하는 문제가 있었지만 최근의 모델에서는 실제 관측한 해수면 상승률과 거의 비슷하게 예측한다.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> 2017년 미국에서 발표된 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미국 기후 평가 (없는 문서)">미국 기후 평가</a>(National Climate Assessment)에서는 "기후 모델이 여전히 기후 변화 관련 피드백 과정을 과소평가하거나 누락했을 가능성이 있다"고 말했다.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%86%B5%ED%95%A9_%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="통합 평가 모델화 (없는 문서)">기후 모델의 일부</a>는 단순한 물리적 기후 모델에 인문사회적 요소를 더하기도 한다. 이런 모델에서는 인구 변화, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%A5" title="경제성장">경제성장</a>, 인간의 에너지 사용이 물리적인 기후계에 미치는 영향과 서로 상호작용하는 방식도 시뮬레이션한다. 이 정보를 통해 미래의 온실 기체 배출에 관한 시나리오를 만들 수 있다. 이런 인문사회적 기후 모델 시나리오는 미래에 대기 중 온실 기체 농도가 어떻게 변할지 예측하는 데 물리적 기후 모델과 탄소 순환 모델의 입력값으로 사용된다.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%ED%86%B5_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EA%B2%BD%EB%A1%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="공통 사회경제경로 (없는 문서)">사회경제적 시나리오</a>와 완화 시나리오에 따라 모델에서는 대기 중 이산화 탄소 농도를 380 - 1,400 ppm 사이로 예측한다.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_%EC%A0%9C6%EC%B0%A8_%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80_%EB%B3%B4%EA%B3%A0%EC%84%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC 제6차 평가 보고서 (없는 문서)">IPCC 제6차 평가 보고서</a>에 따르면 매우 낮은 온실 기체 배출 시나리오에서 21세기 말 지구의 온난화 정도는 1.0 °C에서 1.8 °C에 이를 것이라고 발표했다. 중간 단계 배출 시나리오에서는 2.1 °C에서 3.5 °C로, 매우 많은 배출 시나리오에서는 3.3 °C에서 5.7 °C 더 상승할 것이라고 예측하였다.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> 이런 예측은 기후 모델을 기반으로 하여 다양한 관측값을 합쳐 결정한다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021TS-30-136">[136]</a> 잔존 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EC%88%98%EC%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="탄소 수지 (없는 문서)">탄소 수지</a>는 탄소 순환과 온실 기체의 기후 민감도를 모델링하여 결정한다.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> IPCC에서는 2018년 이후 이산화 탄소 배출량이 420에서 570 기가톤(Gt)를 넘지 않는다면 2/3 확률로 온난화 수준을 1.5 °C 이하로 유지할 수 있다고 예측했다. 이는 현재 배출량 수준을 그대로 유지할 때 10-13년분에 해당한다. 탄소 수지의 경우 그 오차 범위가 더 크다. 예를 들어 영구 동토층과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%A7%80" title="습지">습지</a>에서 방출하는 메테인으로 이산화 탄소 배출량이 약 100기가톤 정도는 더 적어질 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-:4-138">[138]</a> 하지만 화석 연료 자원이 풍부하기 때문에 이 정도로 21세기의 탄소 배출을 제한하기에는 부족하다.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기후_변화의_영향">기후 변화의 영향</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 기후 변화의 영향">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 영향">기후 변화의 영향</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg/280px-Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg/420px-Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg/560px-Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>제6차 IPCC 평가 보고서에서 발간한, 농업과 생태계를 교란시킬 수 있는 토양 내 수분량 변화 예측 자료. 토양 내 수분량이 표준편차 1.0 단위로 감소한다는 말은 해당 지역의 평균 토양 수분량이 1850-1900년 사이에 9번째로 가장 건조했던 해의 수분량과 비슷하다는 의미이다.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="환경의_영향">환경의 영향</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 환경의 영향">편집</a>]</div> 기후 변화는 바다, 얼음, 날씨 등등 환경 전반에 광범위하고 지대한 영향을 끼친다. 환경에 나타나는 변화는 점진적 혹은 급격하게 나타날 수 있다. 환경에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 과거의 기후 변화 연구, 기후 모델, 현대 기후 관측 등으로 찾을 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> 1950년대 이후부터는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%AD%84" title="가뭄">가뭄</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%97%BC" title="폭염">폭염</a>이 동시에 나타나고 있으며 그 빈도 또한 증가하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> 인도와 동아시아에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%AC%EC%88%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="몬순">몬순</a> 기간 극단적으로 습하거나 건조한 날씨가 발생하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> 강수 빈도와 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="열대 저기압과 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">태풍, 허리케인</a>의 강도도 점차 증가하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> 열대 저기압의 발생 빈도는 기후 변화로 늘어나지 않았다.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> 하지만 2021년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%B2%98_%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="네이처 지오사이언스 (없는 문서)">네이처 지오사이언스</a> 지에 실린 연구 논문에 따르면 기후 변화로 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B4%EB%93%A4%EB%A6%AC_%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="해들리 세포 (없는 문서)">해들리 세포</a>가 영향을 받아 열대 저기압의 영향을 받는 지역이 극 방향으로 확대될 것이라고 분석하였다.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg/280px-Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg/420px-Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg/560px-Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>미국의 전지구적 변화 연구 프로그램에서 2017년에 발표한 2100년까지의 역사적인 해수면 높이 재구성과 그 예측값.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4_%EC%83%81%EC%8A%B9" title="해수면 상승">지구의 해수면</a>은 <a href="/wiki/1850%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80_%EC%9D%B4%ED%9B%84_%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98_%ED%9B%84%ED%87%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="1850년대 이후 빙하 후퇴">빙하의 융해</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EB%B9%99%EC%83%81" title="그린란드 빙상">그린란드</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EA%B7%B9_%EB%B9%99%EC%83%81" title="남극 빙상">남극</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%EC%83%81" title="빙상">빙상</a> 융해, 열팽창 등으로 계속해서 높아지고 있다. 1993년부터 2020년까지 지구 해수면은 연간 3.3 ± 0.3 mm 상승했으며 시간이 지나면서 상승률이 더 빨라지고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> 21세기 말까지 IPCC의 예측에 따르면 지구의 해수면이 총 61–110 cm 상승할 수 있다고 전망하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> 해수온도 증가하면서 남극 끄트머리의 빙하가 갈라지고 위협받고 있으며 이 때문에 빙상도 대규모로 녹을 위험이 존재하며<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> 높은 온실 기체 배출량 시나리오에서는 2100년까지 해수면이 약 2 m까지 상승할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamberOppenheimerKoppAspinall2019-149">[149]</a> 기후 변화로 수십년 간 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9%ED%95%B4_%ED%95%B4%EB%B9%99_%ED%9B%84%ED%87%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북극해 해빙 후퇴 (없는 문서)">북극해 해빙은 얉아지고 후퇴하고 있다</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> 1.5 °C 온난화 수준에서는 여름에 북극에 얼음이 아에 없는 경우는 거의 없다고 보고 있지만, 2 °C 온난화가 이뤄질 경우 약 3년에서 10년에 한번 꼴로 여름에 북극엔 얼음이 아에 없을 수도 있다고 전망하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> 대기 중 이산화 탄소 농도도 증가하면서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="해양화학">해양화학</a>에도 변화가 생기고 있다. 바다에 용해된 이산화 탄소가 증가하면서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91_%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1%ED%99%94" title="해양 산성화">바다는 점점 산성화</a>되고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> 또한 바다가 따뜻해질수록 산소가 덜 용해되면서 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91_%ED%83%88%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="해양 탈산소화 (없는 문서)">바다의 산소 농도가 점점 줄어들고</a> 있다.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> 바다에서 산소가 거의 없는 지역인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A3%BD%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80_(%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="죽음의 지대 (환경학) (없는 문서)">죽음의 지대</a>도 늘어나고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="티핑_포인트와_장기적인_영향">티핑 포인트와 장기적인 영향</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 티핑 포인트와 장기적인 영향">편집</a>]</div> 지구 온난화 수준이 더 늘어나면 이후 온도가 다시 낮아지더라도 특정 영향을 더 이상 피할 수 없는 한계치인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%ED%8B%B0%ED%95%91_%ED%8F%AC%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후계의 티핑 포인트 (없는 문서)">티핑 포인트</a>를 넘어설 위험이 점점 늘어난다.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> 예를 들어 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%82%A8%EA%B7%B9_%EB%B9%99%EC%83%81" title="서남극 빙상">서남극</a>과 그린란드 빙상의 붕괴는 1.5 - 2 °C 기온 상승으로 녹아내리며 일어날 수 있지만 얼마나 빨리 녹아내릴지는 불확실하며 미래의 온난화 수준이 어느 정도냐에 따라 차이가 생긴다.<a href="#cite_note-NESSC2018-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-SR15-13">[13]</a> 또한 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8C%80%EC%84%9C%EC%96%91_%EC%9E%90%EC%98%A4%EB%A9%B4_%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="대서양 자오면 순환 (없는 문서)">대서양 자오면 순환</a>(AMOC)와 같은 지구상의 특정 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%A5%98" title="해류">해류</a>가 아에 정지하는 등 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%89%EA%B2%A9%ED%95%9C_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="급격한 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">짧은 시간 안에 대규모 변화</a>가 발생할 수도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-ccsp_abrupt_climate_change-157">[157]</a> 또한 티핑 포인트를 돌파하면 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EC%A1%B4_%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%BC" title="아마존 우림">아마존 우림</a>이나 산호초 같은 생태계에 되돌릴 수 없는 영구적인 피해를 남길 수도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> 기후 변화가 가져다 주는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 영향">장기적인 영향</a>에는 추가적인 빙상 융해, 해양 온난화, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4_%EC%83%81%EC%8A%B9" title="해수면 상승">해수면 상승</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91_%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1%ED%99%94" title="해양 산성화">해양 산성화</a> 등이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> 수 세기에서 수천년의 시간 척도에서는 기후 변화의 규모가 인위적인 이산화 탄소 배출량에 따라 달라질 것이다. 이는 이산화 탄소의 대기 중 수명이 매우 길기 때문이다.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> 바다의 이산화 탄소 흡수도는 매우 느리기 때문에 해양 산성화도 수백년에서 수천년간 점진적으로 일어날 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch1220131112-161">[161]</a> 현재까지의 이산화 탄소 배출은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EB%B9%99%EA%B8%B0" title="간빙기">간빙기</a>를 최소 10만년 이상 더 연장시킨 것으로 추정된다.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> 해수면 상승도 수 세기 동안 계속 진행될 것이며 2000년 이후에는 섭씨 1도 상승 당 2.3 m의 속도로 해수면이 상승하는 것으로 추정된다.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자연과_생태계">자연과 생태계</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 자연과 생태계">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화와 생태계 (없는 문서)">기후 변화와 생태계</a>입니다.</div> 현대의 온난화로 수많은 육상 및 민물 종들을 극지방이나 더 높은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8F%84_(%EB%86%92%EC%9D%B4)" title="고도 (높이)">고도</a>를 향해 몰아갔다.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> 대기 중 이산화 탄소 농도가 높아지고 성장 시기가 길어지며 전 지구적인 녹화가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%97%BC" title="폭염">폭염</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%AD%84" title="가뭄">가뭄</a>으로 일부 지역의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a>는 생산성이 저하하였다. 이렇게 서로 반대되는 효과가 합쳐져 미래에 어떻게 될 지는 불확실하다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019133-165">[165]</a> 기후 변화는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80" title="아열대">아열대</a> 지역의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%89%ED%99%94" title="사막화">사막화</a> 확대와 같이 더 건조한 기후를 가진 지역이 확대되는 역할을 하였다.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> 지구 온난화의 규모와 그 속도는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%81_%EB%AC%B8%ED%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생태계적 문턱 (없는 문서)">생태계의 급격한 변화</a> 가능성을 높이고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerCalderCummingHughes20201-167">[167]</a> 총체적으로 기후 변화는 수많은 종을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%A9%B8" title="절멸">멸종</a>시킬 것으로 추정된다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2015-168">[168]</a> 바다는 육지보다 더 느리게 가열되지만, 해양의 동식물은 육지의 종들보다도 더 빨리 추운 극지방으로 이동하였다.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> 육지에서와 마찬가지로 기후 변화로 인해 바다의 폭염도 더 자주 발생해 산호초, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88%EB%AA%A9" title="다시마목">다시마목</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%B7%EC%83%88" title="바닷새">바닷새</a> 등 다양한 해양 생물에 피해가 온다.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> 해양 산성화로 홍합, 따개비, 산호초와 같은 유기체가 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%BC%ED%99%94_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생광물화 반응 (없는 문서)">조개 껍데기나 골격을 스스로 생산하기</a> 어렵게 만들고 있으며, 바다 폭염으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%98%B8_%EB%B0%B1%ED%99%94" title="산호 백화">산호 백화</a> 현상도 일어나고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Summary_for_Policymakers201913-171">[171]</a> 기후 변화와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%ED%99%94" title="부영양화">부영양화</a>로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%95%B4%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98" title="유해조류">유해조류</a>가 급격하게 생장하면 바다 내의 산소 수준이 급감하여 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B9%EC%9D%B4_%EA%B7%B8%EB%AC%BC" title="먹이 그물">먹이 그물</a>이 파괴되고 해양생물이 큰 손실을 입는다.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> 해양 생태계는 큰 스트레스를 받고 있다. 기후 변화와 기타 인간의 영향으로 세계 습지의 거의 절반이 아예 사라졌다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019451-173">[173]</a> <table class="center toccolours"> <caption>기후 변화가 환경에 끼치는 영향 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="line-height:120%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Bleachedcoral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="생태학적 붕괴. 그레이트배리어리프의 산호가 백화 현상으로 손상되었고 전 세계적으로 산호에 위협을 주고 있다.[174]"><img alt="흰색으로 표백된 가지들이 널린 산호초의 수중 사진." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bleachedcoral.jpg/240px-Bleachedcoral.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bleachedcoral.jpg/360px-Bleachedcoral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bleachedcoral.jpg/480px-Bleachedcoral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EB%B6%95%EA%B4%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생태학적 붕괴 (없는 문서)">생태학적 붕괴</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%B0%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84" title="그레이트배리어리프">그레이트배리어리프</a>의 산호가 백화 현상으로 손상되었고 전 세계적으로 산호에 위협을 주고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Orroral_Valley_Fire_viewed_from_Tuggeranong_January_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="기상이변. 가뭄과 고온이 2019~2020년 오스트레일리아 밀림 산불을 심각하게 악화시켰다.[175]"><img alt="계곡 거주자가 촬영한 저녁의 산 사진. 멀리 너머 언덕이 산불로 인해 전부 붉게 보인다." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orroral_Valley_Fire_viewed_from_Tuggeranong_January_2020.jpg/240px-Orroral_Valley_Fire_viewed_from_Tuggeranong_January_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orroral_Valley_Fire_viewed_from_Tuggeranong_January_2020.jpg/360px-Orroral_Valley_Fire_viewed_from_Tuggeranong_January_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orroral_Valley_Fire_viewed_from_Tuggeranong_January_2020.jpg/480px-Orroral_Valley_Fire_viewed_from_Tuggeranong_January_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3716" data-file-height="2790" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EC%9D%B4%EB%B3%80" title="기상이변">기상이변</a>. 가뭄과 고온이 <a href="/wiki/2019~2020%EB%85%84_%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B0%80%EB%A6%BC_%EC%82%B0%EB%B6%88" title="2019~2020년 오스트레일리아 밀림 산불">2019~2020년 오스트레일리아 밀림 산불</a>을 심각하게 악화시켰다.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:National_Park_Service_Thawing_permafrost_(27759123542).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="북극의 기후 변화. 영구동토의 해빙은 기반시설을 파괴하고 온실 기체인 메테인을 방출한다.[114]"><img alt="초록색 벌판 중간에 땅이 꺼지고 거대한 흙탕물 구덩이가 드러난 모습." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/National_Park_Service_Thawing_permafrost_%2827759123542%29.jpg/270px-National_Park_Service_Thawing_permafrost_%2827759123542%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/National_Park_Service_Thawing_permafrost_%2827759123542%29.jpg/405px-National_Park_Service_Thawing_permafrost_%2827759123542%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/National_Park_Service_Thawing_permafrost_%2827759123542%29.jpg/540px-National_Park_Service_Thawing_permafrost_%2827759123542%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북극의 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">북극의 기후 변화</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AC%EB%8F%99%ED%86%A0" title="영구동토">영구동토</a>의 해빙은 기반시설을 파괴하고 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9_%EB%A9%94%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북극 메테인 방출 (없는 문서)">온실 기체인 메테인을 방출</a>한다.<a href="#cite_note-Turetsky_2019-114">[114]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Endangered_arctic_-_starving_polar_bear_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="서식지 파괴. 수많은 북극 동물들은 점점 따듯해지면서 사라지고 있는 해빙에 의존하고 있다.[176]"><img alt="수척해진 북극곰이 녹아내린 빙상의 잔해 위에 서 있다." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Endangered_arctic_-_starving_polar_bear_edit.jpg/271px-Endangered_arctic_-_starving_polar_bear_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Endangered_arctic_-_starving_polar_bear_edit.jpg/407px-Endangered_arctic_-_starving_polar_bear_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Endangered_arctic_-_starving_polar_bear_edit.jpg/543px-Endangered_arctic_-_starving_polar_bear_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2135" data-file-height="1417" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%8B%9D%EC%A7%80_%ED%8C%8C%EA%B4%B4" title="서식지 파괴">서식지 파괴</a>. 수많은 북극 동물들은 점점 따듯해지면서 사라지고 있는 해빙에 의존하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Mountain_Pine_Beetle_damage_in_the_Fraser_Experimental_Forest_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="해충의 전파. 겨울이 온화해지면서 더 많은 소나무좀벌레들이 살아남아 숲을 말려죽인다.[177]"><img alt="숲을 촬영한 사진. 녹색의 나무들 사이에 손상되거나 죽은 나무들이 보라색, 빨강, 밝은 빨강 등으로 구멍이 뚫려 있다." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mountain_Pine_Beetle_damage_in_the_Fraser_Experimental_Forest_2007.jpg/240px-Mountain_Pine_Beetle_damage_in_the_Fraser_Experimental_Forest_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mountain_Pine_Beetle_damage_in_the_Fraser_Experimental_Forest_2007.jpg/360px-Mountain_Pine_Beetle_damage_in_the_Fraser_Experimental_Forest_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mountain_Pine_Beetle_damage_in_the_Fraser_Experimental_Forest_2007.jpg/480px-Mountain_Pine_Beetle_damage_in_the_Fraser_Experimental_Forest_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EC%B9%A8%EC%9E%85%EC%A2%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화와 침입종 (없는 문서)">해충의 전파</a>. 겨울이 온화해지면서 더 많은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%8C%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%EC%A2%80%EB%B2%8C%EB%A0%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="소나무좀벌레 (없는 문서)">소나무좀벌레</a>들이 살아남아 숲을 말려죽인다.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="인간에_끼치는_영향">인간에 끼치는 영향</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 인간에 끼치는 영향">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 영향">기후 변화의 영향</a>입니다.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EA%B0%80_%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98_%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EC%97%90%EA%B2%8C_%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화가 인류 보건에게 미치는 영향">기후 변화가 인류 보건에게 미치는 영향</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EC%95%88%EB%B3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 안보 (없는 문서)">기후 안보</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 경제적 영향">기후 변화의 경제적 영향</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" title="기후 변화와 농업">기후 변화와 농업</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg/280px-20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg/420px-20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg/560px-20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_%EC%A0%9C6%EC%B0%A8_%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80_%EB%B3%B4%EA%B3%A0%EC%84%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC 제6차 평가 보고서 (없는 문서)">IPCC 제6차 평가 보고서</a>(2021년 간행)에 따르면 지구가 점점 따뜻해지면서 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EC%9D%B4%EB%B3%80" title="기상이변">기상이변</a>이 점점 흔해질 것이라 예측하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents-178">[178]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 영향">기후 변화가 인간에 끼치는 영향</a>은 전 세계에서 관측되고 있다. 대부분은 온난화와 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%88%98" title="강수">강수</a>량의 변화로 일어나고 있다. 기후 변화의 영향은 전 대륙과 전 해상에서 관측할 수 있으며,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> 위도가 낮고 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EB%8F%84%EC%83%81%EA%B5%AD" title="개발도상국">개발도상국</a>에서 가장 큰 위협에 직면해 있다.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> 지속적인 온난화는 인간과 생태계에 "심각하고 만연하며 돌이킬 수 없는" 큰 영향을 끼친다.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> 영향이 끼치는 위협은 불균형하게 분포하고 있으며 특히 개발도상국과 선진국의 저소득층에 더 큰 위협을 끼친다.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="음식과_보건">음식과 보건</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=15" title="부분 편집: 음식과 보건">편집</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="세계 보건 기구">세계 보건 기구</a>(WHO)는 기후 변화를 21세기 세계 보건에 가장 큰 위협 요소라고 분류했다.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> 기상이변은 인간의 부상과 인명 손실로 이어지며,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%ED%99%95" title="수확">작황</a>의 흉작은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%EC%8B%A4%EC%A1%B0" title="영양실조">영양실조</a> 인구의 증가로 이어진다.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8E%85%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%B4" title="뎅기열">뎅기열</a>이나 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="말라리아">말라리아</a> 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%97%BC" title="감염">감염</a>병은 더 따뜻한 기후에서 쉽고 빠르게 전염된다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson20191836,_1848-186">[186]</a> 어린이는 식량 부족에 가장 취약하다. 또한 어린이와 노인은 극심한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%97%BC" title="폭염">폭염</a>에 더욱 취약하다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson20191841,_1847-187">[187]</a> 세계 보건 기구는 2030년에서 2050년 사이 기후 변화로 인해 매년 약 25만명이 추가로 더 사망할 것이라 전망했다. 사망자들은 노인의 극심한 폭염으로 인한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%82%AC%EB%B3%91" title="열사병">열사병</a> 등으로 인한 사망, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A4%EC%82%AC" title="설사">설사</a>, 말라리아, 뎅기열 감염자의 증가, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B4%EC%95%88_%EC%B9%A8%EC%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="해안 침수 (없는 문서)">해안 침수</a>, 어린이의 영양 부족 등으로 일어난다고 보았다.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> 가용 식량의 양과 질의 저하로 2050년까지 매년 성인 50만명 이상이 사망할 것으로 추정된다.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> 기후 변화는 전 세계의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%9F%89_%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84_%EB%B3%B4%EC%9E%A5" title="식량 안전 보장">식량 안보</a>에도 영향을 주고 있다. 1981년에서 2010년 사이 전 세계 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A5%EC%88%98%EC%88%98" title="옥수수">옥수수</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%80" title="밀">밀</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%A9" title="콩">콩</a>의 수확량이 감소하였다.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> 미래의 온난화는 주요 작물의 전 세계적 수확량을 더욱 감소시킬 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> 저위도 국가에서는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85_%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="농업 생산성 (없는 문서)">농작물 생산량</a>이 부정적인 영향을 받는 반면, 더욱 북쪽 고위도 국가에서는 긍정적이거나 부정적인 영향을 받을 것으로 추정된다.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> 전 세계적으로 최대 1억 8,300만명, 특히 저소득층이 이러한 작물 생산량 감소로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EA%B3%A0%ED%94%94" title="배고픔">기아</a> 위협에 처해 있다.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> 기후 변화는 어류 개체수에도 영향을 미친다. 전 세계적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%97%85" title="어업">어업</a> 가능 인구가 계속해서 감소하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019503-194">[194]</a> 빙하수 의존 지역, 이미 건조한 지역, 작은 섬 지역 등은 기후 변화로 물부족 위협이 더욱 증가한다.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="거주지와_생계">거주지와 생계</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=16" title="부분 편집: 거주지와 생계">편집</a>]</div> 기후 변화로 심각한 경제적 피해를 입을 수 있고 이는 재앙적인 결과를 가져올 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> 기후 변화는 이미 세계적 경제 불평등을 가져왔을 것으로 보이며 이 추세는 앞으로도 지속될 것으로 추정된다.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> 대부분의 피해는 지역 주민 대부분이 자연과 농업 자원에만 의존하는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아프리카의 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">사하라 이남 아프리카</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-198">[198]</a>와 동남아시아일 것으로 예상된다.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> 세계은행은 기후 변화로 2030년까지 1억 2천만명 이상의 사람들이 빈곤층으로 떨어질 수 있다고 경고한다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallegatteBangaloreBonzanigoFay201612-200">[200]</a> 현재의 부와 사회적 지위에 따른 불평등은 기후 변화로 더욱 악화되었다.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> 기후 변화의 충격을 완화하고 적응, 복구하는데 있어 자원에 대한 통제력이 떨어지는 빈곤하고 소외된 사람들에게 더욱 큰 어려움이 닥친다.<a href="#cite_note-:7-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-198">[198]</a> 특히 자기가 살아가고 있는 땅과 생태계에 의존해 연명하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EB%AF%BC" title="원주민">원주민</a>들은 기후 변화로 건강과 생활 양식이 매우 큰 위협에 처해 있다.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> 또한 전문가들은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B6%84%EC%9F%81" class="mw-redirect" title="무력 분쟁">무력 분쟁</a>에서 기후 변화가 차지하는 비율은 사회경제적 불평등이나 국가 역량의 요인보다는 적은 것으로 밝혀졌다<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachKraanAdgerBuhaug2019-204">[204]</a> 저지대 섬과 해안 마을은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4_%EC%83%81%EC%8A%B9" title="해수면 상승">해수면 상승</a>으로 큰 위협을 받고 있으며 이 때문에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%88%98" title="홍수">홍수</a>도 더욱 빈번하게 발생한다. 이러다 간혹 땅이 바다속으로 완전히 사라지는 경우도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Ch42019328-205">[205]</a> 이렇게 땅이 물에 잠겨버리면 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%94%94%EB%B8%8C" title="몰디브">몰디브</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%9C%EB%A3%A8" title="투발루">투발루</a> 같은 작은 섬나라에 사는 국민들은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%81" title="무국적">무국적</a> 상태에 빠질 수도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> 꼭 땅이 완전히 사라지지 않더라도 온도나 습도가 지나치게 상승해서 인간이 적응할 수 없는 상태의 땅이 되버릴 수도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthews2018399-207">[207]</a> 최악의 기후 변화를 가정한 컴퓨터 모델 연구에서는 미래에 인류의 3분의 1 이상이 현재의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC_%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%89" title="사하라 사막">사하라 사막</a>과 같이 매우 덥고 사람이 살 수 없는 기후의 환경으로 바뀐다고 예측하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> 이런 기후 변화는 국가 내 혹은 국가간을 이동하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EB%82%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="생태학적 난민">생태학적 난민</a>을 만들 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-10">[10]</a> 해수면 상승, 기상이변, 여기에 남은 천연자원을 두고 벌이는 갈등 증가로 더 많은 사람들이 난민으로 떠돌아 다닐 것이라 예측된다. 또한 기후 변화는 인간의 취약한 점이 더욱 강화되어 자원 부족으로 이주가 불가능한 "갇혀버린 사람들"도 늘어나게 만들 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <table class="center toccolours"> <caption>기후 변화가 인간에 끼치는 영향 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="line-height:120%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="생태학적 난민의 증가. 강우량이 적어지면 농업 활동이 불가능해지고 더 이상 사람이 살 수 없는 사막화로 이어진다. 사진은 2008년 사막이 되어버린 말리의 텔라.[210]"><img alt="생태학적 난민의 증가. 강우량이 적어지면 농업 활동이 불가능해지고 더 이상 사람이 살 수 없는 사막화로 이어진다. 사진은 2008년 사막이 되어버린 말리의 텔라.[210]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg/270px-Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg/405px-Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg/540px-Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EB%82%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="생태학적 난민">생태학적 난민</a>의 증가. 강우량이 적어지면 농업 활동이 불가능해지고 더 이상 사람이 살 수 없는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%89%ED%99%94" title="사막화">사막화</a>로 이어진다. 사진은 2008년 사막이 되어버린 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC" title="말리">말리</a>의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%85%94%EB%9D%BC_(%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="텔라 (말리) (없는 문서)">텔라</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Corn_shows_the_affect_of_drought.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="농업의 변화. 가뭄, 기온 상승, 기상이변은 농업에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 사진은 작물이 말라버린 2013년 미국 텍사스주의 모습.[211]"><img alt="농업의 변화. 가뭄, 기온 상승, 기상이변은 농업에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 사진은 작물이 말라버린 2013년 미국 텍사스주의 모습.[211]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Corn_shows_the_affect_of_drought.jpg/271px-Corn_shows_the_affect_of_drought.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Corn_shows_the_affect_of_drought.jpg/407px-Corn_shows_the_affect_of_drought.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Corn_shows_the_affect_of_drought.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" title="기후 변화와 농업">농업의 변화</a>. 가뭄, 기온 상승, 기상이변은 농업에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 사진은 작물이 말라버린 2013년 미국 <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8D%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="텍사스주">텍사스주</a>의 모습.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Acqua_alta_in_Piazza_San_Marco-original.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="조수 홍수의 발생. 해수면이 상승하면 저지대 해안 지역의 홍수 위협이 증가한다. 사진은 2004년 조수 홍수로 침수된 이탈리아 베니스의 모습.[212]"><img alt="조수 홍수의 발생. 해수면이 상승하면 저지대 해안 지역의 홍수 위협이 증가한다. 사진은 2004년 조수 홍수로 침수된 이탈리아 베니스의 모습.[212]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Acqua_alta_in_Piazza_San_Marco-original.jpg/240px-Acqua_alta_in_Piazza_San_Marco-original.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Acqua_alta_in_Piazza_San_Marco-original.jpg/360px-Acqua_alta_in_Piazza_San_Marco-original.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Acqua_alta_in_Piazza_San_Marco-original.jpg/480px-Acqua_alta_in_Piazza_San_Marco-original.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%88%98_%ED%99%8D%EC%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조수 홍수 (없는 문서)">조수 홍수</a>의 발생. 해수면이 상승하면 저지대 해안 지역의 홍수 위협이 증가한다. 사진은 2004년 조수 홍수로 침수된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="이탈리아">이탈리아</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="베니스">베니스</a>의 모습.<a href="#cite_note-NOAAnuisance-212">[212]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:US_Navy_071120-M-8966H-005_An_aerial_view_over_southern_Bangladesh_reveals_extensive_flooding_as_a_result_of_Cyclone_Sidr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="열대 저기압의 맹렬화. 2007년 사이클론 시드르가 덮친 방글라데시는 강수량 증가로 일어난 재앙적인 규모의 홍수를 보여주는 예시이다.[213]"><img alt="열대 저기압의 맹렬화. 2007년 사이클론 시드르가 덮친 방글라데시는 강수량 증가로 일어난 재앙적인 규모의 홍수를 보여주는 예시이다.[213]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_Navy_071120-M-8966H-005_An_aerial_view_over_southern_Bangladesh_reveals_extensive_flooding_as_a_result_of_Cyclone_Sidr.jpg/270px-US_Navy_071120-M-8966H-005_An_aerial_view_over_southern_Bangladesh_reveals_extensive_flooding_as_a_result_of_Cyclone_Sidr.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_Navy_071120-M-8966H-005_An_aerial_view_over_southern_Bangladesh_reveals_extensive_flooding_as_a_result_of_Cyclone_Sidr.jpg/405px-US_Navy_071120-M-8966H-005_An_aerial_view_over_southern_Bangladesh_reveals_extensive_flooding_as_a_result_of_Cyclone_Sidr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/US_Navy_071120-M-8966H-005_An_aerial_view_over_southern_Bangladesh_reveals_extensive_flooding_as_a_result_of_Cyclone_Sidr.jpg/540px-US_Navy_071120-M-8966H-005_An_aerial_view_over_southern_Bangladesh_reveals_extensive_flooding_as_a_result_of_Cyclone_Sidr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="열대 저기압과 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">열대 저기압의 맹렬화</a>. 2007년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%A0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4" title="사이클론 시드르">사이클론 시드르</a>가 덮친 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EA%B8%80%EB%9D%BC%EB%8D%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="방글라데시">방글라데시</a>는 강수량 증가로 일어난 재앙적인 규모의 홍수를 보여주는 예시이다.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:The_heat_is_on_ESA19461898.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="폭염의 빈번화. 2019년 유럽 폭염과 같은 극도로 강한 규모의 폭염이 점점 빈번해지고 있다.[214]"><img alt="폭염의 빈번화. 2019년 유럽 폭염과 같은 극도로 강한 규모의 폭염이 점점 빈번해지고 있다.[214]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_heat_is_on_ESA19461898.jpeg/198px-The_heat_is_on_ESA19461898.jpeg" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_heat_is_on_ESA19461898.jpeg/298px-The_heat_is_on_ESA19461898.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_heat_is_on_ESA19461898.jpeg/397px-The_heat_is_on_ESA19461898.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="6093" data-file-height="5528" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">폭염의 빈번화. <a href="/wiki/2019%EB%85%84_%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%ED%8F%AD%EC%97%BC" title="2019년 유럽 폭염">2019년 유럽 폭염</a>과 같은 극도로 강한 규모의 폭염이 점점 빈번해지고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="온실_기체_배출량_감소_및_포집">온실 기체 배출량 감소 및 포집</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=17" title="부분 편집: 온실 기체 배출량 감소 및 포집">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%99%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화 완화">기후 변화 완화</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg/280px-Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg/420px-Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg/560px-Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>2021년 11월 기준 각종 정책과 공약에 기반한 전 세계의 온실 기체 배출 시나리오.</figcaption></figure> 기후 변화는 온실 기체 배출을 줄이고 대기 중의 온실 기체를 흡수하는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%ED%9D%A1%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소 흡수원">탄소 흡수원</a>을 늘려 완화할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> 1.5 °C 이하로 온난화를 제한한다는 목표가 성공하기 위해서는 2050년까지, 2 °C 이하로 온난화를 제한하기 위해서는 2070년까지 전 세계 온실기체 배출량을 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EC%A4%91%EB%A6%BD" title="탄소 중립">탄소 넷제로</a>로 만들어야 한다.<a href="#cite_note-:4-138">[138]</a> 이를 위해서는 에너지, 토지, 도시, 교통, 건물, 산업 등지에서 전례 없는 규모의 광범위하고 체계적인 변화가 필요하다.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD_%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="유엔 환경 계획">유엔 환경 계획</a>(UNEP)은 각국이 온난화 정도를 2 °C 이하로 제한하기 위해 향후 10년 이내에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95_(2015%EB%85%84)" title="파리 협정 (2015년)">파리 협정</a>에서 제시한 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%81%EA%B5%AD_%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EA%B0%90%EC%B6%95_%EB%AA%A9%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="각국 온실기체 감축 목표 (없는 문서)">각국 온실기체 감축 목표</a>(NDC)를 3배로 늘려야 한다고 추정한다. 1.5 °C 제한 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 훨씬 더 강한 수준의 온실 기체 배출 감축이 필요하다.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> 2021년 10월 기준 체결된 파리 협정의 공약을 따른다고 해도 금세기 말까지 지구 온난화 수준이 약 2.7 °C(2.2–3.2 °C 범위)에 도달할 확률이 66%에 달한다.<a href="#cite_note-UNEP2021-20">[20]</a> 지구의 온난화 수준을 1.5에서 2 °C로 제한할 수 있는 단 하나의 방법은 없으며<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> 대부분의 시나리오와 전략에서는 필요한 만큼의 온실 기체 감축량을 발생하기 위해서 다양한 재생 에너지의 사용 증가<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a>와 함께 에너지 효율도 높여야 한다고 보고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-Teske,_ed._2019_xxiii-221">[221]</a> 생태계의 압력을 줄이고 탄소 흡수 능력을 높이기 위해서는 산림 벌채를 막고 산림 재조림을 통해 자연 생태계를 복원하는 등<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> 농업과 임업 분야에서도 변화가 필요하다.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> 기후 변화를 완화하기 위한 다른 방식들은 높은 위험성을 가지고 있다. 지구의 온난화 수준을 1.5 °C 이하로 제한하는 시나리오에서는 보통 21세기 전반에 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B1%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이산화 탄소 제거 (없는 문서)">이산화 탄소 제거</a> 기술을 대규모로 사용하게 된다고 예측하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-yonhap1-225">[225]</a> 하지만 이러한 이산화 탄소 포집 및 제거 기술와 같은 기술의 과도 의존이나 환경에 끼치는 영향에 대한 부정적인 우려도 존재한다.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-yonhap1-225">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="태양 지구공학">태양 지구공학</a> 혹은 "일조량 관리"(SRM)이라는 지구로부터 들어오는 태양빛을 막는 기술도 온실 기체 배출량을 크게 줄일 수 있는 하나의 보완책이다.<a href="#cite_note-seoul1-227">[227]</a> 하지만 일조량 관리 기술 또한 중요한 윤리적, 법적 문제를 안고 있으며 지구에 끼칠 위협이나 영향은 제대로 이해되지 않았다.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-seoul1-227">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="친환경_에너지">친환경 에너지</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=18" title="부분 편집: 친환경 에너지">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%95%9C_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="지속 가능한 에너지">지속 가능한 에너지</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%95%9C_%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="지속 가능한 대중교통">지속 가능한 대중교통</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Global_Energy_Consumption.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Global_Energy_Consumption.svg/280px-Global_Energy_Consumption.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Global_Energy_Consumption.svg/420px-Global_Energy_Consumption.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Global_Energy_Consumption.svg/560px-Global_Energy_Consumption.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EA%B3%BC_%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세계 에너지 생산과 소비 (없는 문서)">전 세계 에너지 생산</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="재생 가능 에너지">재생 가능 에너지</a>의 비율이 급격하게 늘고 있지만 그럼에도 석탄, 석유, 천연가스가 주요 에너지원을 차지하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Lisberg_Burg_Windr%C3%A4der_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lisberg_Burg_Windr%C3%A4der_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg/280px-Lisberg_Burg_Windr%C3%A4der_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lisberg_Burg_Windr%C3%A4der_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg/420px-Lisberg_Burg_Windr%C3%A4der_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lisberg_Burg_Windr%C3%A4der_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg/560px-Lisberg_Burg_Windr%C3%A4der_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>독일의 태양광 발전소와 풍력 발전소의 모습.</figcaption></figure> 기후 변화를 제한하는 핵심적인 요소는 재생 가능 에너지이다.<a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-230">[230]</a> 2018년 기준 전 세계 에너지 생산의 80%를 화석 연료가 차지했다. 나머지 20%는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A0%A5_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="원자력 에너지">원자력 에너지</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A0%A5" title="수력">수력</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%A7%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="바이오매스">바이오매스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%92%8D%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" title="풍력 발전">풍력 발전</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="태양 에너지">태양 에너지</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%97%B4_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="지열 에너지">지열 에너지</a> 등을 포함한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="재생 가능 에너지">재생 가능 에너지</a>가 양분했다.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> 이 비율은 향후 30년 이내에 크게 바뀔 것으로 전망된다.<a href="#cite_note-Teske,_ed._2019_xxiii-221">[221]</a> 새로운 발전소를 건설할 때 가장 저렴한 형태로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B4%91_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" title="태양광 발전">태양광 패널</a>과 육지 <a href="/wiki/%ED%92%8D%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" title="풍력 발전">풍력 발전</a>소를 사용하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> 2019년 새로 설치된 신규 전력 발전소의 75%가 재생 가능 에너지였고 이 중 대부분이 태양광 발전과 풍력 발전이다.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> 원자력이나 수력 같은 다른 형태의 에너지가 절대 발전 용량 측면에서는 큰 비율을 차지하고 있다. 하지만 이 두 에너지의 성장 전망은 태양광이나 풍력에 비해 매우 제한적인 수치로 분석된다.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> 2050년까지 탄소 중립을 달성하기 위해 재생 가능 에너지가 발전의 다수를 차지할 것이며, 일부 시나리오에서는 2050년까지 85% 이상이 재생 가능 에너지가 차지할 것으로 전망하고 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a> 투자는 없어질 예정이며 석탄 사용도 2050년까지 단계적으로 사라질 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> 또한 난방과 수송 분야에서 사용되는 중요 에너지원도 점점 전기로 대체돼야 한다.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> 교통 분야에서 배출되는 온실 기체는 기존의 차량을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%B0%A8%EB%9F%89" title="전기차량">전기차량</a>으로 교체해 빠르게 줄일 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-:6-238">[238]</a> 대중교통과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%A1%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C_%EB%AA%A8%EB%B9%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%8B%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="액티브 모빌리티 (없는 문서)">액티브 모빌리티</a>(자전거 및 보행)의 적극적 활용도 이산화 탄소 배출 감소에 큰 기여를 한다.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> 해운과 항공 분야에서는 온실 기체 배출량 저감을 위해 저탄소 연료를 사용할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-:6-238">[238]</a> 난방의 경우에도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%ED%8E%8C%ED%94%84" title="열펌프">열펌프</a>의 적극적 사용을 통해 점점 탈탄소화로 향할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> 재생 가능 에너지를 비롯한 친환경 에너지가 지속적으로 빠르게 성장하기 위해서는 넘어야 할 몇 가지 장애물이 있다. 풍력과 태양 에너지의 경우 새 건설 부지에 대한 환경 및 토지 사용 문제가 존재한다.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> 또한 풍력이나 태양 에너지를 사용한 발전의 경우 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%80%EB%B3%80_%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="가변 재생 에너지 (없는 문서)">계절에 따라 혹은 여러 사정에 따라 발전량이 변화</a>한다. 이렇게 가변적인 발전량을 가진 발전소의 발전량이 적을 땐 보통 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%88%98_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" title="양수 발전">양수 발전</a>이나 재래식 발전소를 통해 안정화시켰다. 하지만 앞으로 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%B0%ED%84%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%A5_%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="배터리 저장 발전소 (없는 문서)">배터리 저장 발전소</a>가 확대되면 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%9A%94_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="수요 반응">에너지의 수요와 공급</a>을 맞출 수 있으며 장거리 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%A1%EC%A0%84" title="송전">송전</a>으로 가변 재생 에너지의 출력에 유연하게 대처할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_Environment_Programme_2019_46-230">[230]</a> 바이오 에너지의 경우 탄소 중립이 아닌 경우도 있으며, 식량 안보에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다는 문제점이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A0%A5_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="원자력 에너지">원자력 에너지</a>의 확대는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%AC%EC%84%B1_%ED%8F%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%BC" title="방사성 폐기물">방사성 폐기물</a> 문제와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%ED%99%95%EC%82%B0" title="핵확산">핵확산</a> 저지 문제, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A0%A5_%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="원자력 사고">원자력 사고</a> 가능성 문제 때문에 큰 제한을 받는다.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> 수력 발전의 경우 최상의 입지를 갖춘 지역에서만 개발 가능하다는 큰 단점이 있으며 또한 새 수력 발전소는 사회적, 환경적 우려의 목소리가 커지고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%9D%EC%95%A0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%84_%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B0%B0%EC%B6%9C%EB%9F%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에너지의 생애주기별 온실 기체 배출량 (없는 문서)">저탄소 에너지</a>는 기후 변화를 최소화해 인류 보건에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 또한 2016년 기준 연간 700만명으로 추산되었던 대기오염 사망자<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a>를 줄여주는 단기적인 이점도 존재한다.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> 온난화 정도를 2 °C로 제한하는 파리 협정의 목표를 달성할 경우 2050년까지 매년 약 백만명의 사망자가 줄어드며, 저탄소 에너지로 온난화 정도를 1.5 °C로 제한하는데 성공할 경우 수백만 명의 목숨을 살릴 수 있고 동시에 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%88%EB%B3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에너지 안보 (없는 문서)">에너지 안보</a>를 지키며 빈곤율도 줄일 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="에너지_절약">에너지 절약</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=19" title="부분 편집: 에너지 절약">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%9C%A8%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%B8_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="효율적인 에너지 사용">효율적인 에너지 사용</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%A0%88%EC%95%BD" title="에너지 절약">에너지 절약</a>입니다.</div> 온실 기체 배출 절감을 위해선 에너지 수요를 줄이는 방향도 하나의 방법이다.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> 에너지 사용을 줄이면 친환경 에너지 개발을 위한 유연성이 더 높아진다. 또한 전력망 관리도 더 용이해지고 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%B0%EC%B6%9C_%EC%A7%91%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="배출 집중도 (없는 문서)">탄소 집약적</a>인 인프라 개발도 최소화된다.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> 기후 목표를 달성하기 위해선 재생 가능한 에너지를 향한 투자에 비견되는 수준의 에너지 효율 향상 투자도 대폭 늘어나야 한다.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> 에너지 사용 패턴, 에너지 효율 향상 투자 및 자금 조달 부분은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819" class="mw-redirect" title="코로나19">코로나19</a>와 관련된 몇 가지 변화로 향후 10여년의 예측을 더 어렵고 불확실하게 만들었다.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> 에너지 수요를 줄이기 위한 방법은 분야별로 다르다. 교통 분야의 경우 승객과 화물 운송을 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EC%8A%A4" title="버스">버스</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="기차">기차</a>같이 에너지 효율이 더 높은 교통수단으로 전환하거나 전기차량 사용으로 전환할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> 산업 분야에서는 난방 체계와 모터를 에너지 효율이 높은 것으로 전환하고 에너지 집약도가 낮은 제품을 설계하고 제품 수명도 더 길게 이어지도록 제조하는 방안 등이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> 건축 분야에서는 신축 건물의 설계를 더 에너지 효율적으로 계획하고 개축 시에도 더 높은 에너지 효율을 추구하는 방향으로 설계하는 방안이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> 히트펌프와 같은 난방기술 사용도 건축물의 에너지 효율을 높일 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="농업과_산업">농업과 산업</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=20" title="부분 편집: 농업과 산업">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%95%9C_%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="지속 가능한 농업">지속 가능한 농업</a> 및 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89_%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85_%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="녹색 산업 정책 (없는 문서)">녹색 산업 정책</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg/280px-Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg/420px-Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg/560px-Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>직접적, 간접적 배출량을 고려하면 전 세계 온실 기체 배출량 중 가장 많은 양을 차지하는 분야가 산업이다.</figcaption></figure> 농업과 임업의 경우 온실 기체 배출을 제한하고 추가적인 숲의 농경지화를 막으며 이 가운데에서도 증가하는 세계 식량 수요를 맞춰주어야 하는 세 가지 도전을 맞이하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> 다양한 조치를 통해 농업과 임업의 온실 기체 배출을 2010년 수준에서 2/3로 감소할 수 있다. 그 조치에는 식량 및 기타 농산물 수요를 감소시키고 토지 생산성을 향상시키며 산림을 보호하고 복원하며 농업 생산에서 나오는 온실 기체 배출량을 감소하는 방법 등이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> 식량 수요 관리 관점에서 온실 기체 배출량을 줄일 수 있는 가장 핵심적인 요소는 사람들이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B1%84%EC%8B%9D_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B0%98_%EC%8B%9D%EB%8B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="채식 기반 식단">채식 기반 식단</a>으로 식사하는 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A1%EB%A5%98_%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%9D%B4_%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%97%90_%EB%81%BC%EC%B9%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="육류 생산이 환경에 끼치는 영향 (없는 문서)">육류와 유제품류</a>를 위한 가축 생산을 없애면 농지와 기타 토지 이용으로 배출하는 전체 온실 기체 배출의 약 3/4을 없앨 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> 가축은 지구의 전체 무빙 지대 면적의 37%를 차지하고 있으며 재배된 농작물의 12%를 가축 사료에 쓰고 있어 삼림 벌채와 토지 황폐화를 가속하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%B2%A0" title="제철">철강</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="시멘트">시멘트</a> 생산이 산업 분야 이산화 탄소 배출의 13%를 차지하고 있다. 두 산업에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="코크스">코크스</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%9A%8C" title="석회">석회</a>와 같은 탄소 집약적인 물질이 생산에 필수적인 역할을 하기 때문에 이산화 탄소 배출을 줄이기 위해서는 대체적인 화학 연구가 필요하다.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="탄소_격리">탄소 격리</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=21" title="부분 편집: 탄소 격리">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B1%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이산화 탄소 제거 (없는 문서)">이산화 탄소 제거</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EA%B2%A9%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소 격리">탄소 격리</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg/280px-Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg/420px-Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg/560px-Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>대부분의 이산화 탄소 배출은 식물의 생장, 토양, 바다 등 탄소 흡수원으로 흡수되었다.(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세계 탄소 프로젝트 (없는 문서)">2020년 세계 탄소 수지</a> 기준)</figcaption></figure> 천연 탄소 흡수원을 강화하여 자연적으로 발생하는 수준을 넘는 훨씬 많은 이산화 탄소를 격리하게 만들 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> 산림 재조림과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A6%BC_(%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99)" title="조림 (활동)">비림 지역의 수목 심기 활동</a>이 가장 효율 좋고 검증된 이산화 탄소 격리 기술이지만 후자의 경우 농경지를 숲으로 다시 바꾸면서 발생하는 식량 안보에 대한 우려를 재기하는 목소리도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> 농업 분야의 경우 겨울철 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%B3%B5%EC%9E%91%EB%AC%BC" title="피복작물">피복작물</a> 재배, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%9E%91" title="경작">경작</a>의 강도와 그 빈도의 감축, <a href="/wiki/%ED%87%B4%EB%B9%84" title="퇴비">퇴비</a>와 거름을 사용해 토양 질을 바꾸는 등 여러 관습으로 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="탄소 농업 (없는 문서)">토양에다가 탄소를 격리</a>시키는 과정을 촉진시킬 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> 해안 습지와 해초 서식지를 복원하거나 재생하여 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%A8%EC%B9%B4%EB%B3%B8" title="블루카본">유기물을 통한 탄소 흡수</a>량을 늘릴 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> 하지만 탄소가 토양과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="나무">나무</a>와 같은 유기물을 통해 격리될 경우 토지 이용의 변화, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%B6%88" title="산불">산불</a> 혹은 생태계의 기타 여러 변화를 통해 격리되었던 탄소가 대기중으로 다시 방출될 위험성도 존재한다.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> 에너지 생산이나 이산화 탄소 집약적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B3%B5%EC%97%85" title="중공업">중공업</a>의 경우 산업 생산 과정에서 발생한 불필요한 이산화 탄소를 모아다가 포집하여 대기중으로 방출하지 않고 따로 저장할 수 있다. 이런 이산화 탄소 포집 기술은 규모 면에서도 매우 제한적이고 비용도 매우 비싸지만<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%ED%8F%AC%EC%A7%91_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%A5" title="탄소 포집 및 저장">탄소 포집 및 저장</a>(CCS) 기술은 21세기 중반까지 이산화 탄소 배출을 제한하는 데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuiAdjimanBardowAnthony20181068-269">[269]</a> 탄소 포집과 저장 기술은 바이오 기술과 융합하여(BECCS) 이산화 탄소 순배출량을 음의 값으로 만들어 역으로 대기 중의 이산화 탄소를 뽑아다가 저장할 수도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> 하지만 BECCS와 같은 기술이 온난화 수준을 1.5 °C 이내로 제한하는데 큰 역할을 할 수 있을진 불분명하다. 이산화 탄소 제거에 의존하는 정책 결정은 의사결정을 방만하게 만들어 국제적인 목표치를 넘어선 전지구적 온난화 위험성을 높인다.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기후_변화_적응">기후 변화 적응</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=22" title="부분 편집: 기후 변화 적응">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화 적응">기후 변화 적응</a>입니다.</div> "기후 변화 적응"이란 기후 변화가 현재, 미래에 줄 영향과 그 변화에 적응하는 과정을 뜻한다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018396–397-272">[272]</a> 하지만 추가적인 완화 없는 단순한 적응 시도는 "심각하고 광범위하며 돌이킬 수 없는" 영향의 위협을 피할 수 없다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR5_SYR201417-273">[273]</a> 더욱 심각해지는 기후 변화는 더 격심한 변화와 적응을 필요로 하는데 이를 위해 필요한 비용이 매우 비쌀 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018396–397-272">[272]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91_%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="적응 능력 (없는 문서)">인간이 가진 적응 능력과 잠재력</a>은 지역과 사람에 따라 매우 다르며 개발도상국의 경우 평균적인 적응 능력이 매우 낮다.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> 21세기 첫 20년의 경우 기본적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="위생시설">위생시설</a>과 전기 접근성이 향상되어 대부분의 저소득, 중소득 국가의 적응 능력이 급격하게 높아졌지만 발전 과정이 아직 더디다. 대부분의 국가가 적응 정책을 실시하고 있다. 하지만 이를 위해 필요한 비용과 실제 가용 비용에는 큰 차이가 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNEP2018xii–xiii-275">[275]</a> 해수면 상승에 대한 적응으로는 위험 지역을 피하고 점점 증가하는 홍수와 함께 사는 법을 익히는 방안으로 구성된다. 만약 이런 조치도 실패한다면 물에 가라앉는 지역을 포기하는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EB%90%9C_%ED%9B%84%ED%87%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="관리된 후퇴 (없는 문서)">관리된 후퇴</a> 정책도 필요하다.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> 위험한 수준의 더위를 다루기 위해서는 큰 경제적 장벽이 존재한다. 여름철에 육체 노동을 피하거나 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0%EC%A1%B0%ED%99%94" title="공기조화">에어컨</a>을 설치하는 일이 모든 사람에게 가능한 것은 아니다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthews2018402-277">[277]</a> 농업에서는 지속 가능한 식단으로 전환하고 작물을 다양화하고 침식을 통제하며 변화하는 기후에 대한 내성을 높이기 위해 농작물의 유전자를 개선하는 방안 등이 존재한다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SRCCL_Ch52019439-278">[278]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%97%98" title="보험">보험</a>은 기후 변화가 가져올 위험을 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%B7%EC%A7%95" class="mw-redirect" title="헷징">헷징</a>할 수 있지만 저소득층에게는 접근하기 매우 어렵다.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> 교육, 이민, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B4%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="조기경보체계">조기경보체계</a> 도입은 기후 취약성을 줄일 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018336–337-280">[280]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EA%B0%80_%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%97%90_%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화가 생태계에 미치는 영향 (없는 문서)">생태계가 기후 변화에 적응하는 과정</a>은 인간의 개입으로 도움을 받을 수 있다. 생태계 간의 연결성을 높여 생물 종들이 더 유리한 기후 조건으로 쉽게 이주할 수 있다. 특정 종들을 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B3%B4%EC%A1%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="보조 이주 (없는 문서)">기후가 서식에 좋은 지역으로 이주</a>시킬 수 있다. 자연과 반자연 지대를 보호하고 복원하면 회복력을 기르는데 도움을 줘 생태계의 적응을 더 쉽게 만들어준다. 생태계의 적응을 촉진하는 개입은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B0%98_%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생태계 기반 적응 (없는 문서)">생태계 기반 적응</a>을 통해 인간의 기후 변화 적응에도 큰 도움을 준다. 예를 들어 자연적인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC_%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="화재 복구 (없는 문서)">화재 복구</a>는 재앙적인 화재의 가능성도 줄이고 인간의 노출도도 감소시킬 수 있다.하천에 더 많은 여유 공간이 생기면 자연계에 더 많은 물을 저장할 수 있어 홍수 위험을 줄일 수 있다. 복원된 숲은 탄소 흡수원의 역할을 할 수 있지만 부적합한 곳에 나무를 심으면 기후 변화의 영향을 더 악화시킬 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> 기후 변화의 적응과 완화 사이에는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%91%EB%A0%A5%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="협력작용">시너지</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C%EC%98%A4%ED%94%84" title="트레이드오프">트레이드오프</a>가 존재한다. 적응은 단기적인 이익을 주로 제공하는 반면 완화는 장기적인 이익을 가져다준다.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> 에어컨 사용이 증가하면 사람들이 더위에 더 잘 대처할 수 있게 만들지만 역으로 에너지 수요가 증가한다. 집약적인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C_%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="도시 계획">도시 계획</a>은 교통과 건설 분야에서 온실 기체 배출량을 줄이지만 그와 동시에 도시의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%84%AC_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="열섬 효과">열섬 효과</a>를 늘려 더 많은 사람들이 고온에 노출되는 피해를 가져온다.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> 식품 생산성의 증가는 적응과 완화에 큰 이점이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정치와_정책">정치와 정책</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=23" title="부분 편집: 정치와 정책">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="기후변화와 정치">기후변화와 정치</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Climate_Change_Performance_Index_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Climate_Change_Performance_Index_2021.svg/280px-Climate_Change_Performance_Index_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Climate_Change_Performance_Index_2021.svg/420px-Climate_Change_Performance_Index_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Climate_Change_Performance_Index_2021.svg/560px-Climate_Change_Performance_Index_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%91%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후변화대응지수 (없는 문서)">기후변화대응지수</a>는 온실 기체 배출량(총 40%), 재생 에너지 사용도(20%), 에너지 사용량(20%), 기후 정책(20%) 기준에 따라 얼마나 기후 변화에 대응하는 정책을 시행하는지 국가별로 순위를 매긴다. <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311110">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  높음</div> </td> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311110"><div class="legend">  중간</div> </td> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311110"><div class="legend">  낮음</div> </td> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311110"><div class="legend">  매우 낮음</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%B7%A8%EC%95%BD%EB%8F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 취약도 (없는 문서)">기후 변화에 가장 취약한 국가</a>들은 대부분 전 세계 온실 기체 배출량에서 극히 미미한 비율만을 차지하고 있다. 이 때문에 기후 정의와 공공성에 관한 문제가 계속 제기된다.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> 기후 변화는 지속 가능한 개발과도 같이 엮여있다. 기후 변화를 제한하면 빈곤 퇴치나 불평등 감소 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%EB%AA%A9%ED%91%9C" title="지속가능 개발 목표">지속가능 개발 목표</a> 달성이 훨씬 쉬워진다. 이 연관성은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%EB%AA%A9%ED%91%9C_%EC%A0%9C13%ED%98%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지속가능 개발 목표 제13호 (없는 문서)">지속가능 개발 목표 제13호</a>의 "기후 변화와 그 영향을 방지하기 위한 긴급한 조치 실시"라는 항목으로도 분리되어 있다.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> 식량, 깨끗한 물, 생태계 보호에 관련된 목표도 기후 변화 완화와 큰 조화를 이룬다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch52018477-287">[287]</a> 기후 변화의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%95%ED%95%99" title="지정학">지정학</a>적 문제는 매우 복잡하다. 모든 국가는 한 국가의 기후 변화 완화 정책으로 이익을 얻긴 하지만 개별 국가는 저탄소 경제로 전환하는 그 자체로 손해를 본다며 이는 종종 "<a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%B9%EC%B0%A8_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C" title="무임승차 문제">무임승차 문제</a>"라는 프레임으로 도식화되기도 한다. 하지만 이 프레임에는 문제가 있다. 예를 들어 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9_%EC%A4%91%EB%8B%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="석탄 사용 중단 (없는 문서)">석탄의 단계적 사용 중단</a>을 통해 얻는 공중보건 및 지역 환경에서 얻는 이점은 거의 모든 국가에서 그 이득이 비용을 초과한다.<a href="#cite_note-Rauner_2020-288">[288]</a> 게다가 화석 연료 순수입국은 친환경 에너지로 전환하면 경제적으로 이득을 얻기 때문에 순수출국의 경우에는 화석 연료를 더 이상 팔 수 없어 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%8C%EC%B4%88%EC%9E%90%EC%82%B0" title="좌초자산">좌초자산</a>화된다.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="정책_선택지">정책 선택지</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=24" title="부분 편집: 정책 선택지">편집</a>]</div> 배출량 절감을 위해 다양한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" title="정책">정책</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%9C%EC%A0%9C" title="규제">규제</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95" title="법">법</a>을 사용하고 있다. 2019년 기준 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EA%B0%80%EA%B2%A9%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소 가격제">탄소 가격제</a>가 전 세계 온실 기체 배출량의 20%를 차지하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> 탄소는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EC%84%B8" title="탄소세">탄소세</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EB%B0%B0%EC%B6%9C_%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%98" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소 배출 거래">탄소 배출 거래</a>를 통해 가격을 책정할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> 전 세계의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D_%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C_%EB%B3%B4%EC%A1%B0%EA%B8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="화석 연료 보조금 (없는 문서)">화석 연료 보조금</a>은 2017년 기준 약 3,190억 달러이며 대기 오염과 같은 화석 연료로 동반된 간접적 비용은 약 5조 2천억 달러로 책정되었다.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> 이를 전부 철폐하면 전 세계 탄소 배출량이 28% 감소하며 대기 오염 사망자는 46% 줄일 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> 화석 연료 보조금에서 절약된 비용은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%A0%84%ED%99%98" title="에너지 전환">친환경 에너지로 전환</a>하는 데 사용할 수 있다.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> 온실 기체 배출을 줄이기 위한 보다 직접적인 방법으로는 차량의 환경 기준이나 재생 가능 연료 기준 제정, 중공업의 대기 오염 규제 등이 있다.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> 일부 국가는 전력 생산에서 전력 회사들에게 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%9D%98%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A0%EB%8B%B9%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="재생 가능 에너지 의무할당제 (없는 문서)">재생 에너지의 비중 증가를 요구</a>하기도 한다.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 정의">기후 정의</a>의 관점에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C" title="인권">인권</a> 문제와 사회적 불평등 해결을 위한 정책을 고안한다. 예를 들어 가장 큰 배출량을 차지하는 부유국들이 기후 변화 적응을 위해 가난한 국가들에게 돈을 지불해야 한다는 정책도 고안되고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> 또한 화석 연료의 사용이 감소하면서 해당 분야의 일자리도 덩달아 줄어드는데 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EC%A0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%A0%84%ED%99%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="공정한 에너지 전환 (없는 문서)">공정한 에너지 전환</a> 달성을 위해 기존 분야에 고용되었던 사람들에게 다른 직업 전환을 위한 재교육 투자가 필요하다. 화석 연료 분야 노동자가 많은 지역에서는 더 많은 투자가 필요하다.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="국제_협약">국제 협약</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=25" title="부분 편집: 국제 협약">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%ED%98%91%EC%95%BD" title="기후변화에 관한 유엔 기본 협약">기후변화에 관한 유엔 기본 협약</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Total_CO2_by_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Total_CO2_by_Region.svg/280px-Total_CO2_by_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Total_CO2_by_Region.svg/420px-Total_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Total_CO2_by_Region.svg/560px-Total_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>2000년 이후 중국과 기타 전 세계의 이산화 탄소 배출량의 증가분은 미국과 유럽의 방출량을 넘어섰다.<a href="#cite_note-Friedlingstein_2019-299">[299]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg/280px-Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg/420px-Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg/560px-Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>1인당 이산화 탄소 배출량을 따지면 미국은 전 세계 다른 지역보다 훨씬 더 많은 양을 배출하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-Friedlingstein_2019-299">[299]</a></figcaption></figure> 국제적인 협약을 제정함으로써 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EC%9D%B4%EB%B3%80" title="기상이변">기상이변</a>의 주요한 원인으로 제기되는 기후 변화 가속화를 막으려는 노력들이 있다. 이 중 전 세계 거의 모든 국가가 비준한 협정으로 1994년 제정된 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%ED%98%91%EC%95%BD" title="기후변화에 관한 유엔 기본 협약">기후변화에 관한 유엔 기본 협약</a>(UNFCCC)가 있다.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> 유엔 기본 협약은 기후계에 대한 인간의 위험한 간섭을 미리 방지한다는 목표를 담고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> 협약에서는 생태계가 기후 변화에 자연적으로 적응할 수 있고 식량 생산이 위협받지 않으며 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화의 경제학 (없는 문서)">안정적인 경제 발전</a>이 가능한 수준으로 대기 중 온실 기체 농도가 안정화되어야 한다고 명시하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> 기본 협약에서는 자체적으로 배출량을 규제하진 않았고 단지 협약을 위한 기초 토대만을 제시한다. 실제로 협약 체결 이후 전 세계의 온실 기체 배출량은 증가했다.<a href="#cite_note-:2-303">[303]</a> 이후 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%B4%9D%ED%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유엔 기후 변화 총회 (없는 문서)">세계적인 연례 협상 총회</a>가 열리고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> 1997년 제정된 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%86%A0_%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%95%EC%84%9C" title="교토 의정서">교토 의정서</a>에서는 위의 유엔 기본 협약을 확대해 대부분의 선진국의 온실 기체 배출을 제한하는 법적 구속력을 가진 약속이 포함되었다.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> 협상 기간 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EB%8F%84%EC%83%81%EA%B5%AD" title="개발도상국">개발도상국</a>을 대표하는 집단인 <a href="/wiki/77_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="77 그룹">77 그룹</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%A7%84%EA%B5%AD" title="선진국">선진국</a>이 대기 중 온실 기체 축적에 가장 큰 기여를 차지했으므로 선진국이 "주도적으로" 온실 기체 배출량을 줄여야 한다고 주장했다.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> 당시 1인당 온실 기체 배출량은 개발도상국에서 상대적으로 매우 낮았고 개발도상국이 자국 내 개발 요구를 맞추기 위해서는 더 많은 온실 기체를 배출해야 했다.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> 2009년 제정된 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BD%94%ED%8E%9C%ED%95%98%EA%B2%90_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="코펜하겐 협정 (없는 문서)">코펜하겐 협정</a>은 그 목표치가 너무 낮아 대체적으로 실망스러운 결과라는 의견이 많으며, 77 그룹의 개발도상국은 코펜하겐 협정을 거부했다.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> 코펜하겐 협정의 당사국들은 지구의 추가 온도 상승을 2 °C 이내로 제한하기로 합의했다.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> 또한 협정에서는 2020년까지 기후 변화의 완화와 적응을 위해 개발도상국에게 매년 1천억 달러를 원조를 목표로 하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B8%B0%EA%B8%88" title="녹색기후기금">녹색기후기금</a> 설립에도 합의했다.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> 하지만 2020년 기준 녹색기후기금은 예상 목표 금액에 미치지 못했고 자금 조달도 축소될 위협에 처해 있다.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> 2015년에는 모든 유엔 국가가 지구 온난화를 2.0 °C 이하로 유지하고 추가적인 온난화 폭을 1.5 °C로 이내로 유지하겠다는 내용을 담은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95_(2015%EB%85%84)" title="파리 협정 (2015년)">파리 협정</a>에 합의했다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis_Agreement2015-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> 파리 협정은 교토 의정서를 대체했다. 교토 의정서와는 달리 파리 협정에는 구속력있는 구체적인 배출량 제한 목표치가 정해지지 않았다. 대신 일련의 제한 절차가 구속력을 가지게 되었다. 각국은 5년마다 정기적으로 더 진보적인 배출량 제한 목표를 세우고 목표 달성 정도를 평가해야 한다.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> 또한 파리 협정에서는 개발도상국을 재정적으로 지원해야 한다고 재차 언급했다.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> 2022년 기준 194개국과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="유럽 연합">유럽 연합</a>이 파리 협정에 서명했으며 191개국과 유럽 연합이 파리 조약을 비준하거나 당사국으로 가담했다.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%A1%B4%EC%B8%B5" title="오존층">오존층</a>을 파괴하는 기체 배출을 금지하는 국제 협약인 1987년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AC_%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%95%EC%84%9C" title="몬트리올 의정서">몬트리올 의정서</a>이 온실 기체 배출을 억제하는 데 있어서 교토 의정서가 설계했던 내용보다 더욱 효과적이었다는 분석도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> 몬트리올 의정서를 수정한 2016년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%82%A4%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B0%9C%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="키갈리 개정안 (없는 문서)">키갈리 개정안</a>은 오존층을 파괴하는 기체를 대체하는 역할을 했던 강력한 효과를 내는 온실 기체인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C%EB%B6%88%ED%99%94%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="수소불화탄소">수소불화탄소</a>의 배출을 억제한다는 목표를 제시했다. 이는 몬트리올 의정서를 기후 변화 대처에 더욱 강력하게 대응하는 협정을 바꿨다.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> 하지만 지구 온난화를 막기 위한 국제 협약 참여에 미진한 일부 국가들을 지적하기도 한다.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>이 대표적인 예이다.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>의 경우에도 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91" title="탄광">석탄 탄광</a> 개발과 급속한 산림 파괴, 산업 개발로 이산화탄소 방출량 증가율이 세계 최고에 이르고 있지만 교토 의정서 기후변화협약에 서명하지 않고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> 전문가들은 이들 국가의 입장 표명이 앞으로 열릴 유엔 환경장관 회의를 앞두고 대부분의 전문가들이 이들 국가의 참여가 '온난화를 극복하는 열쇠'<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> 가 될 것이라고 예상하고 있다. <a href="/wiki/2007%EB%85%84" title="2007년">2007년</a>에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%B8" title="반기문">반기문</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 연합">국제 연합</a> 사무총장이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a>에 직접적으로 환경 문제에 대해 적극적인 참여를 요구했다.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="각국_내_대응">각국 내 대응</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=26" title="부분 편집: 각국 내 대응">편집</a>]</div> 2019년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="영국 의회">영국 의회</a>가 기후 비상사태를 선포하면서 사상 처음으로 정부가 기후 비상사태를 선포하였다.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> 뒤이어 다른 국가와 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%ED%95%A0" title="관할">관할</a>지도 차례로 기후 비상사태를 선포하였다.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> 같은 해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="유럽 의회">유럽 의회</a>는 "기후 및 환경 비상사태"를 선포했다.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> 또한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%EC%A7%91%ED%96%89%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C" title="유럽 연합 집행위원회">유럽 연합 집행위원회</a>는 2050년까지 유럽 연합을 탄소 중립으로 만든다는 목표인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0%EB%94%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유럽 그린딜 (없는 문서)">유럽 그린딜</a>을 발표했다.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> 아시아 지역 국가도 비슷한 목표를 공약하였다. 예를 들어 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="대한민국">대한민국</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본">일본</a>은 2050년까지, 중화인민공화국은 2060년까지 탄소 중립을 달성하겠다고 공약했다.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> 2021년 유럽 연합 집행위원회는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%8F%99%EC%B0%A8_%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85" title="자동차 산업">자동차 산업</a>에 대한 강력안 규제를 포함한 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%8F_%ED%8F%AC_55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="핏 포 55 (없는 문서)">핏 포 55</a> 입법 패키지안을 가결했다. 이 법안은 유럽 연합 시장에 출시되는 모든 신차는 2035년부터 반드시 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EB%B0%B0%EC%B6%9C_%EC%B0%A8%EB%9F%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제로 배출 차량 (없는 문서)">제로 배출 차량</a>(ZEV)여야 한다는 내용을 담고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도">인도</a> 또한 재생 가능 에너지를 향해 강력한 인센티브를 주고 있긴 하지만 인도에서는 여전히 석탄 산업이 계속 확장되고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> 2021년 기준 파리 협정 가맹국의 40%를 차지하는 48개국의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EA%B0%90%EC%B6%95_%EB%AA%A9%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="국가 온실 기체 감축 목표 (없는 문서)">국가기후계획 정보</a>를 토대로 보면 추정된 총 온실 기체 배출량은 2010년과 비교해서 0.5% 감소하며 이는 지구 온난화 수준을 1.5 °C나 2 °C로 제한하기 위해 필요한 감소 목표의 45% 혹은 25%에 해당한다.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="사회적_반응">사회적 반응</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=27" title="부분 편집: 사회적 반응">편집</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="부정론과_허위_정보">부정론과 허위 정보</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=28" title="부분 편집: 부정론과 허위 정보">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94_%EB%85%BC%EC%9F%81" class="mw-redirect" title="지구 온난화 논쟁">지구 온난화 논쟁</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D_%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="화석 연료 로비 (없는 문서)">화석 연료 로비</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EB%B6%80%EC%A0%95" title="기후 변화 부정">기후 변화 부정</a> 및 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%9D%8C%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 음모론 (없는 문서)">기후 변화 음모론</a>입니다.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif/280px-20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif/420px-20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif/560px-20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>지구의 기온은 상승하고 있지 않다고 허위 정보를 주장하기 위해 짧은 기간의 데이터만 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EB%A6%AC_%ED%94%BC%ED%82%B9" title="체리 피킹">체리 피킹</a>하여 나열한 모습. 장기적인 온난화 추세선이 빨강 선으로 표시되어 있는데, 이 중 짧은 기간의 정체 추세선인 파랑 선이 보인다. 중간의 파란 점은 흔히 말하는 '<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94_%ED%9C%B4%EC%A7%80%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지구 온난화 휴지기 (없는 문서)">지구 온난화 휴지기</a>' 시기의 평균 기온이다.</figcaption></figure> 기후 변화와 관련된 대중의 논쟁은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EB%B6%80%EC%A0%95" title="기후 변화 부정">기후 변화 부정</a>자와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%B3%B4" title="오보">오보</a>에 큰 영향을 받아왔는데 이는 미국에서 발흥하여 이후 다른 국가, 특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="오스트레일리아">오스트레일리아</a>로 크게 확산되었다. 기후 변화 부정의 배후에 있는 지지자들은 화석 연료 회사, 산업 단체 모임, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="보수주의">보수주의</a> 싱크탱크, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%ED%96%89%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="역행주의 (없는 문서)">역행주의</a>적 과학자들의 지원을 받아 자금 지원을 많이 받으며 조직 연합도 강대하다. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%B4%EB%B0%B0_%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85_%EC%A0%84%EB%9E%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="담배 산업 전략 (없는 문서)">담배 산업처럼</a> 이런 부정론자들의 주요 전술은 과학적인 데이터와 그 도출 결과에 의심을 품어내게 만드는 방향이었다.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> 인위적인 기후 변화라는 과학적 합의에 대해 부정하거나 무시, 또는 부당한 의심을 하는 자들을 보통 "기후 변화 회의론자"라고 부르긴 하지만 일부 과학자들은 이를 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%80%EC%A0%81%EC%A0%88%ED%95%9C_%EB%AA%85%EC%B9%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="부적절한 명칭 (없는 문서)">부적절한 명칭</a>이라고 지적한다.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> 기후 변화 부정에는 여러 종류가 존재한다. 어떤 이들은 온난화가 일어난다는 사실 자체를 부정하며 어떤 이들은 온난화의 발생 자체는 인정하지만 이는 자연적인 요인 때문이라고 주장하며 또 어떤 이들은 기후 변화가 가져올 영향에는 부정적인 면이 거의 없다고 주장한다.<a href="#cite_note-Björnberg_2017-334">[334]</a> 과학에 대한 '만들어진 불확실성'은 나중에 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EC%96%B4%EC%A7%84_%EB%85%BC%EC%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="만들어진 논쟁 (없는 문서)">만들어진 논쟁</a>(Manufactured controversy)으로도 이어졌다. 정책 변화를 막기 위해 과학계 내에서 기후 변화에 대해서 상당한 불확실함과 논쟁이 있다는 잘못된 믿음이 만들어졌다.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> 이런 발상을 촉진하기 위해 과학 기관과 학계를 비판, 공격하고<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> 개별 과학자들의 동기에 대해 음흉한 목적을 가지고 있다는 등 의문을 제기하는 전략을 사용한다.<a href="#cite_note-Björnberg_2017-334">[334]</a> 기후 변화를 부정하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8" title="블로그">블로그</a>와 미디어의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%96%A5%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="반향실 효과">에코챔버</a>는 기후 변화에 대한 오해를 더욱 부추겼다.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="대중의_인식과_여론">대중의 인식과 여론</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=29" title="부분 편집: 대중의 인식과 여론">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EC%BB%A4%EB%AE%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 커뮤니케이션 (없는 문서)">기후 커뮤니케이션</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B8%EB%A1%A0_%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화의 언론 보도 (없는 문서)">기후 변화의 언론 보도</a> 및 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%97%AC%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화에 관한 여론 (없는 문서)">기후 변화에 관한 여론</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg/280px-20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg/420px-20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg/560px-20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>대중은 인간이 기후 변화를 일으켰다는 논지에 대해 과학계에서 어느 정도로 합의되었는지에 대한 생각을 과소평가한다.<a href="#cite_note-KingsCollegeReport_20220629-338">[338]</a> 실제로는 2019년부터 2021년까지 연구에 따르면 학계의 합의 정도는 98.7%에서 많게는 100%까지도 이르는 것으로 나타났다.<a href="#cite_note-Powell_2019-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lynas_2021-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a></figcaption></figure> 기후 변화는 1980년대 후반부터 국제적으로 대중의 관심을 받기 시작했다.<a href="#cite_note-:3-341">[341]</a> 1990년대 초 언론 보도 때문에 사람들은 종종 기후 변화를 오존층 파괴와 같은 다른 환경 문제와 혼동하기도 했다.<a href="#cite_note-Newell2006-342">[342]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="대중 문화의 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">대중 문화</a>에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%AC%BC" title="기후물">기후물</a> 영화인 《<a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%9C%EC%9A%B0_(2004%EB%85%84_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="투모로우 (2004년 영화)">투모로우</a>》(2004년)와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A8_%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%B4" title="앨 고어">앨 고어</a>의 다큐멘터리인 《<a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%ED%8E%B8%ED%95%9C_%EC%A7%84%EC%8B%A4" title="불편한 진실">불편한 진실</a>》(2006년)이 기후 변화를 다룬 주요 영화 중 하나이다.<a href="#cite_note-:3-341">[341]</a> 기후 변화에 대한 대중의 관심과 이해도는 지역, 성별, 나이, 정치 성향에 따라 차이가 존재한다. 더 고수준의 교육을 받은 사람들일수록, 또한 일부 국가에서 여성이거나 청년층일수록 기후 변화를 심각한 위협으로 바라보는 정도가 더 컸다.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> 정치 성향에 따른 인식 격차는 수많은 국가에서 찾아볼 수 있었으며,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-344">[344]</a> 또한 이산화 탄소 배출량이 많은 국가일수록 기후 변화에 대한 우려도가 더 낮은 경향도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> 기후 변화의 원인에 대한 견해는 국가마다 매우 다르다.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> 하지만 시간이 지나면서 문제 인식도가 점점 늘어나<a href="#cite_note-auto1-344">[344]</a> 2021년 기준으로 대다수 국가의 대다수 시민들이 기후 변화에 대해 강한 수준의 걱정을 표하거나 세계적인 비상사태 상황으로 인식하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> 기후 변화에 대한 우려가 클수록 기후 변화를 다루는 정책에 대한 대중의 지지도도 더욱 강력해진다.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="기후_운동">기후 운동</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=30" title="부분 편집: 기후 운동">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 운동">기후 운동</a> 및 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%86%8C%EC%86%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 소송 (없는 문서)">기후 변화 소송</a>입니다.</div> 정치 지도자에게 기후 변화를 막기 위한 조치를 취하길 요구하는 기후 시위가 진행되고 있다. 시위자들은 공개적인 시위, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D_%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C_%ED%8F%90%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="화석 연료 폐기 (없는 문서)">화석 연료 폐기</a>, 소송 및 기타 형태로 다양한 활동을 하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> 대표적인 기후 시위로는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9%ED%9C%B4%ED%95%99" title="동맹휴학">동맹휴학</a>의 일종인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EC%86%8C%EB%85%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%ED%96%89%EB%8F%99" title="청소년 기후행동">청소년 기후행동</a> 시위가 있다. 이 시위에서 전 세계의 청소년들이 스웨덴의 10대 소녀 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%ED%83%80_%ED%88%B0%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="그레타 툰베리">그레타 툰베리</a>의 영감을 받아 2018년부터 특정 금요일마다 학교를 나오지 않는 동맹휴학 시위를 열고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%B8%EC%A2%85%EC%97%90%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%98%EB%9E%80" title="멸종에의 반란">멸종에의 반란</a>과 같은 단체들은 도로와 대중교통 수단을 점거하는 대규모 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC_%EB%B6%88%EB%B3%B5%EC%A2%85" title="시민 불복종">시민 불복종</a> 행동을 벌이기도 한다.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> 공공기관과 기업에게 기후 행동을 강화하기 위한 도구로 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%86%8C%EC%86%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 소송 (없는 문서)">소송</a>이라는 수단도 점점 많이 사용하고 있다. 활동가들은 정부를 향한 소송도 제기하면서 정부에게 온실 기체 배출 감축 목표를 취하거나 기후 변화에 관한 기존법을 시행할 것을 요구하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> 또한 화석 연료 회사를 상대로도 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%90%EB%A7%9D%EC%8B%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="손망실 (없는 문서)">손망실</a>에 대한 보상을 요구하며 소송을 제기하는 경우도 있다.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사">역사</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=31" title="부분 편집: 역사">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화 과학의 역사">기후 변화 과학의 역사</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="초기_발견">초기 발견</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=32" title="부분 편집: 초기 발견">편집</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg/280px-19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg/420px-19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg/560px-19120814_Coal_Consumption_Affecting_Climate_-_Rodney_and_Otamatea_Times.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption>1912년 다음 신문 기사는 석탄을 태워서 발생한 이산화 탄소가 어떻게 지구 온난화와 기후 변화를 유발하는지 온실 효과를 짤막하게 설명하고 있다.<a href="#cite_note-Otamatea_Times-354">[354]</a></figcaption></figure> 1820년대 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84_%ED%91%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90" title="조제프 푸리에">조제프 푸리에</a>는 어떻게 지구의 기온이 태양의 에너지만으로 설명할 수 있는 온도보다 더 높았는지를 해명하기 위해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="온실 효과">온실 효과</a>라는 설명을 도입했다. 햇빛은 지구의 대기를 투명하게 지나가므로 지구 표면에 햇빛이 도달하고 이 빛은 열로 전환된다. 하지만 열은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%99%B8%EC%84%A0" title="적외선">적외선</a> 형태로 대기를 투명하게 지나갈 수 없어 지구에서 반사된 열의 일부분이 대기에 흡수되어 지구를 따듯하게 만든다.<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> 1856년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4_%EB%89%B4%ED%84%B4_%ED%91%B8%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유니스 뉴턴 푸트 (없는 문서)">유니스 뉴턴 푸트</a>(Eunice Newton Foote)는 태양의 온난화 효과는 건조한 공기보다는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0" title="수증기">수증기</a>가 함유된 공기에서 더 크며 이산화 탄소가 있으면 온난화 효과가 훨씬 커짐을 증명했다. 푸트는 "대기 중의 기체가 지구의 기온을 높게 만들 것이다"라고 말하기도 했다.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> 1859년부터 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%ED%8B%B4%EB%93%A4" title="존 틴들">존 틴들</a>은 건조한 공기의 99%를 차지하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%86%8C" title="질소">질소</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C" title="산소">산소</a>가 복사열을 흡수하지 않고 투명하게 그냥 지나간다는 사실을 밝혀냈다.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> 하지만 수증기, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8" title="메테인">메테인</a>, 이산화 탄소와 같은 다른 기체가 복사열을 흡수하고 그 열을 대기로 재방사한다. 틴들은 이렇게 온실 효과를 만드는 기체의 농도 변화가 과거의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0" title="빙하기">빙하기</a>와 같은 기후 변화를 일으켰다고 주장했다.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%98%ED%85%8C_%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="스반테 아레니우스">스반테 아레니우스</a>는 대기 중의 수증기량은 지속적으로 변화하지만 대기 중 이산화 탄소의 농도는 장기간의 지질학적 과정에 큰 영향을 받는다고 주장했다. 이산화 탄소 증가로 인한 온난화는 수증기양을 증가시켜 양성 피드백 루프를 통해 온난화를 더욱 증폭시킨다. 1896년 아레니우스는 이산화 탄소의 양이 그 절반으로 줄어들면 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0" title="빙하기">빙하기</a> 시작 수준으로 기온이 감소할 수 있다고 예측한 최초의 기후모델을 발표했다. 아레니우스는 이산화 탄소의 농도가 두배로 증가할 경우 기온 상승 정도가 5–6 °C에 달할 것이라고 예측했다.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELapenis1998-360">[360]</a> 다른 과학자들은 처음에 이 주장을 회의적으로 받아들였고 온실 효과의 포화 때문에 이산화 탄소 농도의 증가가 기온에 아무 영향이 없을 것이며 기후는 스스로 원 상태로 조절될 수 있다고 생각했다.<a href="#cite_note-Weart_The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect-361">[361]</a> 1938년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BC%88%EB%9F%B0%EB%8D%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="가이 스튜어트 켈런더 (없는 문서)">가이 스튜어트 켈런더</a>는 기후가 온난화되고 있으며 이산화 탄소 농도가 증가중이라는 증거를 발표했으나,<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> 켈런더의 계산은 반대자의 의견에도 맞는 논리였다.<a href="#cite_note-Weart_The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect-361">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="학계의_합의_형성_과정">학계의 합의 형성 과정</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=33" title="부분 편집: 학계의 합의 형성 과정">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%ED%95%A9%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 과학적 합의">기후 변화의 과학적 합의</a>입니다.</div> 1950년대 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B8%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="길버트 플러스 (없는 문서)">길버트 플러스</a>는 다양한 대기층과 적외선 대역을 포함한 상세한 컴퓨터 기후 모델을 만들었다. 이 모델에서는 이산화 탄소 농도가 증가하면 온난화 현상이 발생한다고 예측했다. 비슷한 시기 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%89%AC%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="한스 쉬스 (없는 문서)">한스 쉬스</a>는 이산화 탄소 농도가 증가하는 중이라는 증거를 발견했으며, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%80_%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="로저 레빌 (없는 문서)">로저 레빌</a>은 해양이 증가한 이산화 탄소를 전부 흡수하지 못한다는 수치를 보여주었다. 이후 두 과학자는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%ED%82%AC%EB%A7%81" title="찰스 데이비드 킬링">찰스 데이비드 킬링</a>과 함께 지속적으로 대기 중의 증가하는 이산화 탄소 농도를 그린 그래프인 "<a href="/wiki/%ED%82%AC%EB%A7%81_%EA%B3%A1%EC%84%A0" title="킬링 곡선">킬링 곡선</a>"을 그리는 일을 도와주었다.<a href="#cite_note-Weart_The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect-361">[361]</a> 이후 과학자들은 대중에게 경고하기 시작했고<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> 그 위험성은 1988년 제임스 한센이 미국 의회에서 증언하면서 강조되었다.<a href="#cite_note-history.aip.org2-364">[364]</a> 1988년에는 세계 각국 정부에게 공식적인 조언을 제공하고 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%99%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="학제간 연구">학제간 연구</a>에 박차를 가하기 위해 유엔의 전문 기관인 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EA%B0%84_%ED%98%91%EC%9D%98%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화에 관한 정부간 협의체">기후 변화에 관한 정부간 협의체</a>(IPCC)가 세워졌다.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> IPCC 보고서 내에서 과학자들은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%A3%8C%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80" class="mw-redirect" title="동료평가">동료평가</a>된 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99_%ED%95%99%EC%88%A0%EC%A7%80" title="과학 학술지">과학 학술지</a>에 실린 여러 과학적 토의를 평가한다.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> 기후가 점점 온난화되고 있으며 이 온난화가 인간의 활동으로 발생한다는 결론은 거의 완전히 과학적 합의를 이루었다. 2019년 기준 문헌과 논문에 따른 과학적 합의 정도는 99% 이상이다.<a href="#cite_note-Powell2019-367">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-368">[368]</a> 국내, 혹은 국제적으로 권위를 가진 과학 단체 중 이 견해에 부정하는 곳은 존재하지 않는다.<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> 또한 기후 변화의 영향으로부터 사람들을 보호하기 위해 어떤 형태로든 조치가 필요하다는 합의는 더욱 발전하였다. 각국의 국립 과학 아카데미는 세계 지도자들에게 온실 기체 배출량을 줄이라고 요구했다.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> 2021년 IPCC 평가 보고서에서는 기후 변화가 인간이 야기했다는 점이 "매우 명백하다"(unequivocal)고 말했다.<a href="#cite_note-:5-368">[368]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기">같이 보기</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=34" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기">편집</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98%EC%84%B8" title="인류세">인류세</a> - 인간이 지질학에 미친 영향이 나타난 시기를 따로 구분하자는 제안된 지질학적 시기</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후 변동 및 변화">기후 변동 및 변화</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 과학자 목록 (없는 문서)">기후 과학자 목록</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EB%85%BC%EB%9E%80" title="기후변화에 관한 논란">기후변화에 관한 논란</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주">각주</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=35" title="부분 편집: 각주">편집</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG12021">IPCC AR6 WG1 2021</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch12018">IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018</a>, 54쪽: Since 1970 the global average temperature has been rising at a rate of 1.7 °C per century, compared to a long-term decline over the past 7,000 years at a baseline rate of 0.01 °C per century (NOAA, 2016; Marcott et al., 2013). These global-level rates of human-driven change far exceed the rates of change driven by geophysical or biosphere forces that have altered the Earth System trajectory in the past (e.g., Summerhayes, 2015; Foster et al., 2017); even abrupt geophysical events do not approach current rates of human-driven change. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lynas_2021-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lynas_2021_3-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynas_2021_3-1">나</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lynas, Mark; Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Perry, Simon (2021년 10월 19일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966">“Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature”</a>. 《Environmental Research Letters》 16 (11): 114005. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ERL....16k4005L">2021ERL....16k4005L</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2966">10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1748-9326">1748-9326</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239032360">239032360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Greater+than+99%25+consensus+on+human+caused+climate+change+in+the+peer-reviewed+scientific+literature&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=114005&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239032360&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021ERL....16k4005L&rft.aulast=Lynas&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Houlton%2C+Benjamin+Z.&rft.au=Perry%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_4-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_4-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFOur_World_in_Data,_18_September2020">Our World in Data, 18 September 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, 59쪽: The combined effect of all climate feedback processes is to amplify the climate response to forcing... </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL2019">IPCC SRCCL 2019</a>, 7쪽: Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence).; <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL2019">IPCC SRCCL 2019</a>, 45쪽: Climate change is playing an increasing role in determining wildfire regimes alongside human activity (medium confidence), with future climate variability expected to enhance the risk and severity of wildfires in many biomes such as tropical rainforests (high confidence). </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC2019">IPCC SROCC 2019</a>, 16쪽: Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence). </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_92017">USGCRP Chapter 9 2017</a>, 260쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">EPA (2017년 1월 19일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction">“Climate Impacts on Ecosystems”</a>. 2018년 1월 27일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 2월 5일에 확인함. <q>Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Impacts+on+Ecosystems&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft.au=EPA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F19january2017snapshot.epa.gov%2Fclimate-impacts%2Fclimate-impacts-ecosystems_.html%23Extinction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_10-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_10-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFCattaneoBeineFröhlichKniveton2019">Cattaneo 등. 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFUN_Environment,_25_October2018">UN Environment, 25 October 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR2014">IPCC AR5 SYR 2014</a>, 13–16쪽; <a href="#CITEREFWHO,_Nov2015">WHO, Nov 2015</a>: "Climate change is the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century. Health professionals have a duty of care to current and future generations. You are on the front line in protecting people from climate impacts – from more heat-waves and other extreme weather events; from outbreaks of infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue and cholera; from the effects of malnutrition; as well as treating people that are affected by cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases caused by environmental pollution." </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch12018">IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018</a>, 64쪽: Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment. </li> <li id="cite_note-SR15-13">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SR15_13-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR15_13-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Summary_for_Policymakers2018">IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers 2018</a>, 7쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, 71쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFNASA,_Mitigation_and_Adaptation2020">NASA, Mitigation and Adaptation 2020</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNASA,_Mitigation_and_Adaptation2020 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme2019">United Nations Environment Programme 2019</a>, xxiii쪽, Table ES.3; <a href="#CITEREFTeske,_ed.2019">Teske, ed. 2019</a>, xxvii, Fig.5쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme2019">United Nations Environment Programme 2019</a>, Table ES.3 & p. 49; <a href="#CITEREFNREL2017">NREL 2017</a>, vi, 12쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNREL2017 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Summary_for_Policymakers2019">IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019</a>, 18쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR2014">IPCC AR5 SYR 2014</a>, 17쪽, SPM 3.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-UNEP2021-20">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-UNEP2021_20-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNEP2021_20-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme2021">United Nations Environment Programme 2021</a>, 36쪽: "A continuation of the effort implied by the latest unconditional NDCs and announced pledges is at present estimated to result in warming of about 2.7 °C (range: 2.2–3.2 °C) with a 66 per cent chance." </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018">IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018</a>, 95–96쪽: In model pathways with no or limited overshoot of 1.5 °C, global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions decline by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030 (40–60% interquartile range), reaching net zero around 2050 (2045–2055 interquartile range); <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR152018">IPCC SR15 2018</a>, 17쪽, SPM C.3:All pathways that limit global warming to 1.5 °C with limited or no overshoot project the use of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) on the order of 100–1000 GtCO2 over the 21st century. CDR would be used to compensate for residual emissions and, in most cases, achieve net negative emissions to return global warming to 1.5 °C following a peak (high confidence). CDR deployment of several hundreds of GtCO2 is subject to multiple feasibility and sustainability constraints (high confidence).; <a href="#CITEREFRogeljMeinshausenSchaefferKnutti2015">Rogelj 등. 2015</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHilaire_et_al.2019">Hilaire et al. 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Poynting, Mark; Rivault, Erwan (2024년 1월 10일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67861954">“2023 confirmed as world's hottest year on record”</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2024년 1월 13일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+confirmed+as+world%27s+hottest+year+on+record&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft.aulast=Poynting&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Rivault%2C+Erwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-67861954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/04/1135852">“Human, economic, environmental toll of climate change on the rise: WMO | UN News”</a>. 《news.un.org》 (영어). 2023년 4월 21일. 2024년 4월 11일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.un.org&rft.atitle=Human%2C+economic%2C+environmental+toll+of+climate+change+on+the+rise%3A+WMO+%7C+UN+News&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2023%2F04%2F1135852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrenberthFasullo2016">Trenberth & Fasullo 2016</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFTrenberthFasullo2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Conway_2008-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Conway_2008_25-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNASA,_5_December2008">NASA, 5 December 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-history.aip.org-26"><a href="#cite_ref-history.aip.org_26-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeart_"The_Public_and_Climate_Change:_The_Summer_of_1988"">Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWeart_"The_Public_and_Climate_Change:_The_Summer_of_1988" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575">"News reporters gave only a little attention ..."</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFJooKimDoLineman2015">Joo 등. 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNOAA,_17_June2015">NOAA, 17 June 2015</a>: "when scientists or public leaders talk about global warming these days, they almost always mean human-caused warming"; <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Glossary2014">IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary 2014</a>, 120쪽: "Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use." </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNASA,_7_July2020">NASA, 7 July 2020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFShaftel2016">Shaftel 2016</a>: " 'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. ... Global warming refers to the upward temperature trend across the entire Earth since the early 20th century ... Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."; <a href="#CITEREFAssociated_Press,_22_September2015">Associated Press, 22 September 2015</a>: "The terms global warming and climate change can be used interchangeably. Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.". </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHodderMartin2009">Hodder & Martin 2009</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBBC_Science_Focus_Magazine,_3_February2020">BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian,_17_May2019">The Guardian, 17 May 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBBC_Science_Focus_Magazine,_3_February2020">BBC Science Focus Magazine, 3 February 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSA_Today,_21_November2019">USA Today, 21 November 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOxford_Languages2019">Oxford Languages 2019</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFOxford_Languages2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeukomBarbozaErbShi2019">Neukom 등. 2019</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNeukomBarbozaErbShi2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa_temperatures-35"><a href="#cite_ref-nasa_temperatures_35-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/">“Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change”</a>. NASA. 2020년 2월 23일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Annual+Mean+Surface+Air+Temperature+Change&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.giss.nasa.gov%2Fgistemp%2Fgraphs_v4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEPA2016">EPA 2016</a>: The U.S. Global Change Research Program, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have each independently concluded that warming of the climate system in recent decades is "unequivocal". This conclusion is not drawn from any one source of data but is based on multiple lines of evidence, including three worldwide temperature datasets showing nearly identical warming trends as well as numerous other independent indicators of global warming (e.g. rising sea levels, shrinking Arctic sea ice). </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2021</a>, SPM-5쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch12018">IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018</a>, 81쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWMO20216-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWMO20216_39-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWMO2021">WMO 2021</a>, 6쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch22013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2 2013</a>, 162쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-SR15_Ch1_p57-41"><a href="#cite_ref-SR15_Ch1_p57_41-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch12018">IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018</a>, 57쪽: This report adopts the 51-year reference period, 1850–1900 inclusive, assessed as an approximation of pre-industrial levels in AR5 ... Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900; <a href="#CITEREFHawkinsOrtegaSucklingSchurer2017">Hawkins 등. 2017</a>, 1844쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-AR5_WG1_SPM_p4-5-42"><a href="#cite_ref-AR5_WG1_SPM_p4-5_42-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2013</a>, 4–5쪽: "Global-scale observations from the instrumental era began in the mid-19th century for temperature and other variables ... the period 1880 to 2012 ... multiple independently produced datasets exist." </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch52013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5 2013</a>, 386쪽; <a href="#CITEREFNeukomSteigerGómez-NavarroWang2019">Neukom 등. 2019</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNeukomSteigerGómez-NavarroWang2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-AR5_WG1_Ch_5-44"><a href="#cite_ref-AR5_WG1_Ch_5_44-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch52013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5 2013</a>, 389, 399–400쪽: "The PETM(Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum) [around 55.5–55.3 million years ago] was marked by ... global warming of 4 °C to 7 °C ... Deglacial global warming occurred in two main steps from 17.5 to 14.5 ka [thousand years ago] and 13.0 to 10.0 ka." </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch12018">IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018</a>, 54쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedyThornePetersonRuedy2010">Kennedy 등. 2010</a>, S26쪽. Figure 2.5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Loeb_Johnson_Thorsen_Lyman_2021_p.-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Loeb_Johnson_Thorsen_Lyman_2021_p._47-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Loeb, Norman G.; Johnson, Gregory C.; Thorsen, Tyler J.; Lyman, John M.; Rose, Fred G.; Kato, Seiji (2021). “Satellite and Ocean Data Reveal Marked Increase in Earth's Heating Rate”. 《Geophysical Research Letters》 (American Geophysical Union (AGU)) 48 (13). <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021GeoRL..4893047L">2021GeoRL..4893047L</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2021gl093047">10.1029/2021gl093047</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0094-8276">0094-8276</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236233508">236233508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Satellite+and+Ocean+Data+Reveal+Marked+Increase+in+Earth%27s+Heating+Rate&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=13&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2021gl093047&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A236233508&rft.issn=0094-8276&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021GeoRL..4893047L&rft.aulast=Loeb&rft.aufirst=Norman+G.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Gregory+C.&rft.au=Thorsen%2C+Tyler+J.&rft.au=Lyman%2C+John+M.&rft.au=Rose%2C+Fred+G.&rft.au=Kato%2C+Seiji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedyThornePetersonRuedy2010">Kennedy 등. 2010</a>, S26, S59–S60쪽; <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_12017">USGCRP Chapter 1 2017</a>, 35쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG2_Ch12007">IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch1 2007</a>, 99쪽, Sec. 1.3.5.1 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming">“Global Warming”</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA_JPL" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA JPL">NASA JPL</a>. 2010년 6월 3일. 2020년 9월 11일에 확인함. <q>Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Warming&rft.pub=NASA+JPL&rft.date=2010-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2Ffeatures%2FGlobalWarming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Summary_for_Policymakers2019">IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019</a>, 7쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSuttonDongGregory2007">Sutton, Dong & Gregory 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ocean_heat_absorption-53"><a href="#cite_ref-ocean_heat_absorption_53-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content">“Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content”</a>. NOAA. 2018. 2019년 2월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 2월 20일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Change%3A+Ocean+Heat+Content&rft.pub=NOAA&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate.gov%2Fnews-features%2Funderstanding-climate%2Fclimate-change-ocean-heat-content&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Harvipccar5-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Harvipccar5_54-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch32013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3 2013</a>, 257쪽: "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_level_rise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea level rise (없는 문서)">Ocean warming</a> dominates the global energy change inventory. Warming of the ocean accounts for about 93% of the increase in the Earth's energy inventory between 1971 and 2010 (high confidence), with warming of the upper (0 to 700 m) ocean accounting for about 64% of the total. </li> <li id="cite_note-EarthSysSciData_20200907-55"><a href="#cite_ref-EarthSysSciData_20200907_55-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">von Schuckman, K.; Cheng, L.; Palmer, M. D.; Hansen, J.; 외. (2020년 9월 7일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/2013/2020/">“Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?”</a>. 《Earth System Science Data》 12 (3): 2013–2041. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ESSD...12.2013V">2020ESSD...12.2013V</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5194%2Fessd-12-2013-2020">10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+System+Science+Data&rft.atitle=Heat+stored+in+the+Earth+system%3A+where+does+the+energy+go%3F&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=2013-2041&rft.date=2020-09-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fessd-12-2013-2020&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020ESSD...12.2013V&rft.aulast=von+Schuckman&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Cheng%2C+L.&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M.+D.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+J.&rft.au=Tassone%2C+C.&rft.au=Aich%2C+V.&rft.au=Adusumilli%2C+S.&rft.au=Beltrami%2C+H.&rft.au=Boyer%2C+T.&rft.au=Cuesta-Valero%2C+F.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fessd.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2F12%2F2013%2F2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNOAA,_10_July2011">NOAA, 10 July 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency2016">United States Environmental Protection Agency 2016</a>, 5쪽: "Black carbon that is deposited on snow and ice darkens those surfaces and decreases their reflectivity (albedo). This is known as the snow/ice albedo effect. This effect results in the increased absorption of radiation that accelerates melting." 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFUnited_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch122013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12 2013</a>, 1062쪽; <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch32019">IPCC SROCC Ch3 2019</a>, 212쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNASA,_12_September2018">NASA, 12 September 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.kr/do-these-heatwaves-mean-climate-change-is-worse-than-we-thought/">“기후변화는 얼마나 잘 예측되고 있는가?”</a>. 2022년 8월 2일. 2022년 9월 19일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EB%8A%94+%EC%96%BC%EB%A7%88%EB%82%98+%EC%9E%98+%EC%98%88%EC%B8%A1%EB%90%98%EA%B3%A0+%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94%EA%B0%80%3F&rft.date=2022-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.kr%2Fdo-these-heatwaves-mean-climate-change-is-worse-than-we-thought%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDelworthZeng2012">Delworth & Zeng 2012</a>, 5쪽; <a href="#CITEREFFranzkeBarbosaBlenderFredriksen2020">Franzke 등. 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Research_Council2012">National Research Council 2012</a>, 9쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNational_Research_Council2012 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch102013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10 2013</a>, 916쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnutson2017">Knutson 2017</a>, 443쪽; <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch102013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10 2013</a>, 875–876쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-65">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_65-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP2009">USGCRP 2009</a>, 20쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2013</a>, 13–14쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/">“The Causes of Climate Change”</a>. 《Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet》. 2019년 5월 8일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.nasa.gov/causes">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 5월 8일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Change%3A+Vital+Signs+of+the+Planet&rft.atitle=The+Causes+of+Climate+Change&rft.au=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate.nasa.gov%2Fcauses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch12007">IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1 2007</a>, FAQ1.1: "To emit 240 W m−2, a surface would have to have a temperature of around −19 °C. This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C). </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Chemical Society (없는 문서)">ACS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html">“What Is the Greenhouse Effect?”</a>. 2019년 5월 26일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 5월 26일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+the+Greenhouse+Effect%3F&rft.au=ACS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.org%2Fcontent%2Facs%2Fen%2Fclimatescience%2Fclimatesciencenarratives%2Fwhat-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas in the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere (as opposed to the stratospheric ozone layer). <a href="#CITEREFWangShugartLerdau2017">Wang, Shugart & Lerdau 2017</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmidtRuedyMillerLacis2010">Schmidt 등. 2010</a>; <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Climate_Science_Supplement2014">USGCRP Climate Science Supplement 2014</a>, 742쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian,_19_February2020">The Guardian, 19 February 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWMO2021">WMO 2021</a>, 8쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021TS-35-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021TS-35_74-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, TS-35쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG3_Summary_for_Policymakers2022Figure_SPM.1-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG3_Summary_for_Policymakers2022Figure_SPM.1_75-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG3_Summary_for_Policymakers2022">IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers 2022</a>, Figure SPM.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOlivierPeters2019">Olivier & Peters 2019</a>, 17쪽; <a href="#CITEREFOur_World_in_Data,_18_September2020">Our World in Data, 18 September 2020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFEPA2020">EPA 2020</a>: Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials; <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7f3k7/revision/2">“Redox, extraction of iron and transition metals”</a>. <q>Hot air (oxygen) reacts with the coke (carbon) to produce carbon dioxide and heat energy to heat up the furnace. Removing impurities: The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide. calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Redox%2C+extraction+of+iron+and+transition+metals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fzv7f3k7%2Frevision%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> ; <a href="#CITEREFKvande2014">Kvande 2014</a>: Carbon dioxide gas is formed at the anode, as the carbon anode is consumed upon reaction of carbon with the oxygen ions from the alumina (Al2O3). Formation of carbon dioxide is unavoidable as long as carbon anodes are used, and it is of great concern because CO2 is a greenhouse gas </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEPA2020">EPA 2020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGlobal_Methane_Initiative2020">Global Methane Initiative 2020</a>: Estimated Global Anthropogenic Methane Emissions by Source, 2020: Enteric fermentation (27%), Manure Management (3%), Coal Mining (9%), Municipal Solid Waste (11%), Oil & Gas (24%), Wastewater (7%), Rice Cultivation (7%) 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFGlobal_Methane_Initiative2020 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEPA2019">EPA 2019</a>: Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer use, are the primary source of N2O emissions; <a href="#CITEREFDavidson2009">Davidson 2009</a>: 2.0% of manure nitrogen and 2.5% of fertilizer nitrogen was converted to nitrous oxide between 1860 and 2005; these percentage contributions explain the entire pattern of increasing nitrous oxide concentrations over this period </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Summary_for_Policymakers2019">IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019</a>, 10쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019">IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019</a>, 450쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaywood2016">Haywood 2016</a>, 456쪽; <a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2017">McNeill 2017</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSamsetSandSmithBauer2018">Samset 등. 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch22013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2 2013</a>, 183쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeWangZhouWild2018">He 등. 2018</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStorelvmoPhillipsLohmannLeirvik2016">Storelvmo 등. 2016</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWildGilgenRoeschOhmura2005">Wild 등. 2005</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStorelvmoPhillipsLohmannLeirvik2016">Storelvmo 등. 2016</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSamsetSandSmithBauer2018">Samset 등. 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTwomey1977">Twomey 1977</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlbrecht1989">Albrecht 1989</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-USGCRP_2017_ch2-87">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-USGCRP_2017_ch2_87-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGCRP_2017_ch2_87-1">나</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGCRP_2017_ch2_87-2">다</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_22017">USGCRP Chapter 2 2017</a>, 78쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamanathanCarmichael2008">Ramanathan & Carmichael 2008</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRIVM2016">RIVM 2016</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFRIVM2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSandBerntsenvon_SalzenFlanner2015">Sand 등. 2015</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_31_March2021">World Resources Institute, 31 March 2021</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRitchieRoser2018">Ritchie & Roser 2018</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Sustainability_Consortium,_13_September2018">The Sustainability Consortium, 13 September 2018</a>; <a href="#CITEREFUN_FAO2016">UN FAO 2016</a>, 18쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFUN_FAO2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Summary_for_Policymakers2019">IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019</a>, 18쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCurtisSlayHarrisTyukavina2018">Curtis 등. 2018</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seymour_2019-95">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Seymour_2019_95-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seymour_2019_95-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_8_December2019">World Resources Institute, 8 December 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCC_Special_Report:_Climate_change_and_Land_p2-54-96"><a href="#cite_ref-IPCC_Special_Report:_Climate_change_and_Land_p2-54_96-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019">IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019</a>, 172쪽: "The global biophysical cooling alone has been estimated by a larger range of climate models and is −0.10 ± 0.14 °C; it ranges from −0.57 °C to +0.06 °C ... This cooling is essentially dominated by increases in surface albedo: historical land cover changes have generally led to a dominant brightening of land" </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchmidtShindellTsigaridis2014">Schmidt, Shindell & Tsigaridis 2014</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFyfeMeehlEnglandMann2016">Fyfe 등. 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Academies2008">National Academies 2008</a>, 6쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNational_Academies2008 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/">“Is the Sun causing global warming?”</a>. 《Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet》. 2019년 5월 5일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 5월 10일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Change%3A+Vital+Signs+of+the+Planet&rft.atitle=Is+the+Sun+causing+global+warming%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate.nasa.gov%2Ffaq%2F14%2Fis-the-sun-causing-global-warming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch92007">IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9 2007</a>, 702–703쪽; <a href="#CITEREFRandelShineAustinBarnett2009">Randel 등. 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_22017">USGCRP Chapter 2 2017</a>, 79쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerAiuppa2020-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerAiuppa2020_102-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFischerAiuppa2020">Fischer & Aiuppa 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html">“Thermodynamics: Albedo”</a>. 《NSIDC》. 2017년 10월 11일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 10월 10일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NSIDC&rft.atitle=Thermodynamics%3A+Albedo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsidc.org%2Fcryosphere%2Fseaice%2Fprocesses%2Falbedo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/">“The study of Earth as an integrated system”</a>. Vitals Signs of the Planet. Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology. 2013. 2019년 2월 26일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+study+of+Earth+as+an+integrated+system&rft.series=Vitals+Signs+of+the+Planet&rft.pub=Earth+Science+Communications+Team+at+NASA%27s+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory+%2F+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate.nasa.gov%2Fnasa_science%2Fscience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–91-105">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–91_105-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–91_105-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_22017">USGCRP Chapter 2 2017</a>, 89–91쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, 58쪽: The net effect of changes in clouds in response to global warming is to amplify human-induced warming, that is, the net cloud feedback is positive (high confidence) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–90-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201789–90_107-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_22017">USGCRP Chapter 2 2017</a>, 89–90쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG12013">IPCC AR5 WG1 2013</a>, 14쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolffShepherdShuckburghWatson2015">Wolff 등. 2015</a>: "the nature and magnitude of these feedbacks are the principal cause of uncertainty in the response of Earth's climate (over multi-decadal and longer periods) to a particular emissions scenario or greenhouse gas concentration pathway." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsCeppiKatavouta2020-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamsCeppiKatavouta2020_110-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilliamsCeppiKatavouta2020">Williams, Ceppi & Katavouta 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, 58,59쪽: clouds remain the largest contribution to overall uncertainty in climate feedbacks </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNASA,_28_May2013">NASA, 28 May 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohenScreenFurtadoBarlow2014">Cohen 등. 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Turetsky_2019-114">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Turetsky_2019_114-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turetsky_2019_114-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFTuretskyAbbottJonesAnthony2019">Turetsky 등. 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeanMiddelburgRöckmannAerts2018-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeanMiddelburgRöckmannAerts2018_115-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeanMiddelburgRöckmannAerts2018">Dean 등. 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, 58쪽: Feedback processes are expected to become more positive overall (more amplifying of global surface temperature changes) on multi-decadal time scales as the spatial pattern of surface warming evolves and global surface temperature increases. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNASA,_16_June2011">NASA, 16 June 2011</a>: "So far, land plants and the ocean have taken up about 55 percent of the extra carbon people have put into the atmosphere while about 45 percent has stayed in the atmosphere. Eventually, the land and oceans will take up most of the extra carbon dioxide, but as much as 20 percent may remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years." </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019">IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019</a>, 133, 144쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMelilloFreyDeAngelisWerner2017">Melillo 등. 2017</a>: Our first-order estimate of a warming-induced loss of 190 Pg of soil carbon over the 21st century is equivalent to the past two decades of carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201793–95-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSGCRP_Chapter_2201793–95_120-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_22017">USGCRP Chapter 2 2017</a>, 93–95쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, TS-122쪽, Box TS.5, Figure 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Glossary2014">IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary 2014</a>, 120쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolffShepherdShuckburghWatson2015">Wolff 등. 2015</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_15_January2018">Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#who">"Who does climate modelling around the world?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_15_January2018">Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#types">"What are the different types of climate models?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_15_January2018">Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#what">"What is a climate model?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch82007">IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8 2007</a>, FAQ 8.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFStroeveHollandMeierScambos2007">Stroeve 등. 2007</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNational_Geographic,_13_August2019">National Geographic, 13 August 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiepertPrevidi2009">Liepert & Previdi 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRahmstorfCazenaveChurchHansen2007">Rahmstorf 등. 2007</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMitchumMastersHamlingtonFasullo2018">Mitchum 등. 2018</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_152017">USGCRP Chapter 15 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_15_January2018">Carbon Brief, 15 January 2018</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work#inout">"What are the inputs and outputs for a climate model?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMatthewsGillettStottZickfeld2009">Matthews 등. 2009</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_19_April2018">Carbon Brief, 19 April 2018</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMeinshausen2019">Meinshausen 2019</a>, 462쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2021</a>, SPM-17쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021TS-30-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021TS-30_136-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, TS-30쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogeljForsterKrieglerSmith2019">Rogelj 등. 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-138">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_138-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_138-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Summary_for_Policymakers2018">IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers 2018</a>, 12쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG3_Ch52014">IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch5 2014</a>, 379–380쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansenSatoHeartyRuedy2016">Hansen 등. 2016</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSmithsonian,_26_June2016">Smithsonian, 26 June 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_152017">USGCRP Chapter 15 2017</a>, 415쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFScientific_American,_29_April2014">Scientific American, 29 April 2014</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFScientific_American,_29_April2014 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFBurkeStott2017">Burke & Stott 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/">“Hurricanes and Climate Change”</a>. 《Center for Climate and Energy Solutions》. 2020년 7월 10일.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Climate+and+Energy+Solutions&rft.atitle=Hurricanes+and+Climate+Change&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c2es.org%2Fcontent%2Fhurricanes-and-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Studholme, Joshua; Fedorov, Alexey V.; Gulev, Sergey K.; Emanuel, Kerry; Hodges, Kevin (2021년 12월 29일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00859-1">“Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_Geoscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature Geoscience (없는 문서)">Nature Geoscience</a>》 15: 14–28. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41561-021-00859-1">10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245540084">245540084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Poleward+expansion+of+tropical+cyclone+latitudes+in+warming+climates&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=14-28&rft.date=2021-12-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41561-021-00859-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245540084&rft.aulast=Studholme&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.au=Fedorov%2C+Alexey+V.&rft.au=Gulev%2C+Sergey+K.&rft.au=Emanuel%2C+Kerry&rft.au=Hodges%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41561-021-00859-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNOAA2017">NOAA 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWMO2021">WMO 2021</a>, 12쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch42019">IPCC SROCC Ch4 2019</a>, 324쪽: GMSL (global mean sea level, red) will rise between 0.43 m (0.29–0.59 m, likely range) (RCP2.6) and 0.84 m (0.61–1.10 m, likely range) (RCP8.5) by 2100 (medium confidence) relative to 1986–2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeContoPollard2016">DeConto & Pollard 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamberOppenheimerKoppAspinall2019-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBamberOppenheimerKoppAspinall2019_149-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBamberOppenheimerKoppAspinall2019">Bamber 등. 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFZhangLindsaySteeleSchweiger2008">Zhang 등. 2008</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Summary_for_Policymakers2019">IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers 2019</a>, 18쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDoneyFabryFeelyKleypas2009">Doney 등. 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeutschBrixItoFrenzel2011">Deutsch 등. 2011</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019">IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019</a>, 510쪽; <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/climate-change-and-harmful-algal-blooms">“Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms”</a>. EPA. 2013년 9월 5일. 2020년 9월 11일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+and+Harmful+Algal+Blooms&rft.pub=EPA&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fnutrientpollution%2Fclimate-change-and-harmful-algal-blooms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch32018">IPCC SR15 Ch3 2018</a>, 283쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-NESSC2018-156"><a href="#cite_ref-NESSC2018_156-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/">“Tipping points in Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets”</a>. 《NESSC》. 2018년 11월 12일. 2019년 2월 25일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NESSC&rft.atitle=Tipping+points+in+Antarctic+and+Greenland+ice+sheets&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nessc.nl%2Ftipping-points-ice-sheets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ccsp_abrupt_climate_change-157"><a href="#cite_ref-ccsp_abrupt_climate_change_157-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarkWeaverBrookCook2008">Clark 등. 2008</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Pearce, Rosamund; Prater, Tom (2020년 2월 10일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/">“Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change”</a>. CarbonBrief. 2022년 5월 27일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nine+Tipping+Points+That+Could+Be+Triggered+by+Climate+Change&rft.pub=CarbonBrief&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft.aulast=Pearce&rft.aufirst=Rosamund&rft.au=Prater%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fexplainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2021</a>, 21쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch122013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12 2013</a>, 88–89쪽, FAQ 12.3 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch1220131112-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch1220131112_161-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch122013">IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12 2013</a>, 1112쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrucifix2016">Crucifix 2016</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmithSchneiderOppenheimerYohe2009">Smith 등. 2009</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLevermannClarkMarzeionMilne2013">Levermann 등. 2013</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch32018">IPCC SR15 Ch3 2018</a>, 218쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019133-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019133_165-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019">IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019</a>, 133쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Summary_for_Policymakers2019">IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019</a>, 7쪽; <a href="#CITEREFZengYoon2009">Zeng & Yoon 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerCalderCummingHughes20201-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerCalderCummingHughes20201_167-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerCalderCummingHughes2020">Turner 등. 2020</a>, 1쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2015-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrban2015_168-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUrban2015">Urban 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPoloczanskaBrownSydemanKiessling2013">Poloczanska 등. 2013</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLenoirBertrandComteBourgeaud2020">Lenoir 등. 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmaleWernbergOliverThomsen2019">Smale 등. 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Summary_for_Policymakers201913-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Summary_for_Policymakers201913_171-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Summary_for_Policymakers2019">IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers 2019</a>, 13쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019">IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019</a>, 510쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019451-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019451_173-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019">IPCC SROCC Ch5 2019</a>, 451쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/coral-reef-risk-outlook/">“Coral Reef Risk Outlook”</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2020년 4월 4일에 확인함. <q>At present, local human activities, coupled with past thermal stress, threaten an estimated 75 percent of the world's reefs. By 2030, estimates predict more than 90% of the world's reefs will be threatened by local human activities, warming, and acidification, with nearly 60% facing high, very high, or critical threat levels.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coral+Reef+Risk+Outlook&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.noaa.gov%2Fdatasets%2Fcoral-reef-risk-outlook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_7_January2020">Carbon Brief, 7 January 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch282014">IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28 2014</a>, 1596쪽: "Within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live." </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/nature/climatechange.htm">“What a changing climate means for Rocky Mountain National Park”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Park Service (없는 문서)">National Park Service</a>. 2020년 4월 9일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+a+changing+climate+means+for+Rocky+Mountain+National+Park&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fromo%2Flearn%2Fnature%2Fclimatechange.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents-178"><a href="#cite_ref-IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents_178-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2021</a>, Fig. SPM.6, page=SPM-23 </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch182014">IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18 2014</a>, 983, 1008쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch192014">IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19 2014</a>, 1077쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Summary_for_Policymakers2014">IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers 2014</a>, 8쪽, SPM 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Summary_for_Policymakers2014">IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers 2014</a>, 13쪽, SPM 2.3 </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWHO,_Nov2015">WHO, Nov 2015</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch112014">IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch11 2014</a>, 720–723쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCostelloAbbasAllenBall2009">Costello 등. 2009</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWattsAdgerAgnolucciBlackstock2015">Watts 등. 2015</a>; <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch112014">IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch11 2014</a>, 713쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson20191836,_1848-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson20191836,_1848_186-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson2019">Watts 등. 2019</a>, 1836, 1848쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson20191841,_1847-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson20191841,_1847_187-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson2019">Watts 등. 2019</a>, 1841, 1847쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWHO2014">WHO 2014</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWHO2014 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpringmannMason-D’CrozRobinsonGarnett2016">Springmann 등. 2016</a>, 2쪽; 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<a href="#CITEREFVox,_20_September2019">Vox, 20 September 2019</a>; <cite class="citation journal">Sepulveda, Nestor A.; Jenkins, Jesse D.; De Sisternes, Fernando J.; Lester, Richard K. 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European Commission. 2016. 2021년 10월 10일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 1월 2일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+action&rft.atitle=Transport+emissions&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fclima%2Feu-action%2Ftransport-emissions_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG3_Ch92014">IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9 2014</a>, 697쪽; <a href="#CITEREFNREL2017">NREL 2017</a>, vi, 12쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNREL2017 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBerrillArvesenScholzGils2016">Berrill 등. 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch42018">IPCC SR15 Ch4 2018</a>, 324–325쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80:Citec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀:Citec (없는 문서)">틀:Citec</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Horvath, Akos; Rachlew, Elisabeth (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678124">“Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities”</a>. 《Ambio》 45 (Suppl 1): S38–49. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13280-015-0732-y">10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1654-7209">1654-7209</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678124">4678124</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667059">26667059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Nuclear+power+in+the+21st+century%3A+Challenges+and+possibilities&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.pages=S38-49&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4678124&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26667059&rft.issn=1654-7209&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13280-015-0732-y&rft.aulast=Horvath&rft.aufirst=Akos&rft.au=Rachlew%2C+Elisabeth&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4678124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower">“Hydropower”</a>. 《iea.org》. International Energy Agency. 2020년 10월 12일에 확인함. <q>Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iea.org&rft.atitle=Hydropower&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iea.org%2Freports%2Fhydropower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson2019">Watts 등. 2019</a>, 1837쪽; <a href="#CITEREFWHO2016">WHO 2016</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWHO2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson2019">Watts 등. 2019</a>, 1854쪽; <a href="#CITEREFWHO2018">WHO 2018</a>, 27쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWHO2018">WHO 2018</a>, 27쪽; <a href="#CITEREFVandyckKeramidasKitousSpadaro2018">Vandyck 등. 2018</a>; <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR152018">IPCC SR15 2018</a>, 97쪽: "Limiting warming to 1.5 °C can be achieved synergistically with poverty alleviation and improved energy security and can provide large public health benefits through improved air quality, preventing millions of premature deaths. However, specific mitigation measures, such as bioenergy, may result in trade-offs that require consideration." </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018">IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018</a>, 97쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Summary_for_Policymakers2014">IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers 2014</a>, 29쪽; <a href="#CITEREFIEA2020b">IEA 2020b</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFIEA2020b (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018">IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018</a>, 155쪽, Fig. 2.27 </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIEA2020b">IEA 2020b</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFIEA2020b (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018">IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018</a>, 142쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018">IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018</a>, 138–140쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018">IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018</a>, 141–142쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG3_Ch92014">IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9 2014</a>, 686–694쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_December2019">World Resources Institute, December 2019</a>, 1쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_December2019">World Resources Institute, December 2019</a>, 1, 3쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL2019">IPCC SRCCL 2019</a>, 22쪽, B.6.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch52019">IPCC SRCCL Ch5 2019</a>, 487, 488쪽, FIGURE 5.12 Humans on a vegan exclusive diet would save about 7.9 GtCO2 equivalent per year by 2050 <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021">IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021</a>, 51쪽 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use used an average of 12 GtCO2 per year between 2007 and 2016 (23% of total anthropogenic emissions). </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch52019">IPCC SRCCL Ch5 2019</a>, 82, 162쪽, FIGURE 1.1 </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf">“Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries”</a> (PDF). 11, 19–22쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Low+and+zero+emissions+in+the+steel+and+cement+industries&rft.pages=11%2C+19-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fgreengrowth%2FGGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_8_August2019">World Resources Institute, 8 August 2019</a>: <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019">IPCC SRCCL Ch2 2019</a>, 189–193쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKreidenweisHumpenöderStevanovićBodirsky2016">Kreidenweis 등. 2016</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine2019">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019</a>, 95–102쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine2019">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019</a>, 45–54쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRusevaHedrickMarlandTovar2020">Ruseva 등. 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch42018">IPCC SR15 Ch4 2018</a>, 326–327쪽; <a href="#CITEREFBednarObersteinerWagner2019">Bednar, Obersteiner & Wagner 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFEuropean_Commission,_28_November2018">European Commission, 28 November 2018</a>, 188쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFEuropean_Commission,_28_November2018 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuiAdjimanBardowAnthony20181068-269"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuiAdjimanBardowAnthony20181068_269-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuiAdjimanBardowAnthony2018">Bui 등. 2018</a>, 1068쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR2014">IPCC AR5 SYR 2014</a>, 125쪽; <a href="#CITEREFBednarObersteinerWagner2019">Bednar, Obersteiner & Wagner 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR152018">IPCC SR15 2018</a>, 34쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018396–397-272">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018396–397_272-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018396–397_272-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch42018">IPCC SR15 Ch4 2018</a>, 396–397쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR5_SYR201417-273"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_AR5_SYR201417_273-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR2014">IPCC AR5 SYR 2014</a>, 17쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG2_Ch192007">IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19 2007</a>, 796쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNEP2018xii–xiii-275"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNEP2018xii–xiii_275-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNEP2018">UNEP 2018</a>, xii–xiii쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Stephens, Scott A; Bell, Robert G; Lawrence, Judy (2018). “Developing signals to trigger adaptation to sea-level rise”. 《Environmental Research Letters》 13 (10). 104004. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13j4004S">2018ERL....13j4004S</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faadf96">10.1088/1748-9326/aadf96</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1748-9326">1748-9326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Developing+signals+to+trigger+adaptation+to+sea-level+rise&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=104004&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faadf96&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018ERL....13j4004S&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Scott+A&rft.au=Bell%2C+Robert+G&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+Judy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthews2018402-277"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatthews2018402_277-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMatthews2018">Matthews 2018</a>, 402쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SRCCL_Ch52019439-278"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SRCCL_Ch52019439_278-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch52019">IPCC SRCCL Ch5 2019</a>, 439쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Surminski, Swenja; Bouwer, Laurens M.; Linnerooth-Bayer, Joanne (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2979">“How insurance can support climate resilience”</a>. 《Nature Climate Change》 6 (4): 333–334. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatCC...6..333S">2016NatCC...6..333S</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnclimate2979">10.1038/nclimate2979</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1758-6798">1758-6798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=How+insurance+can+support+climate+resilience&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=333-334&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=1758-6798&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnclimate2979&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016NatCC...6..333S&rft.aulast=Surminski&rft.aufirst=Swenja&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+Laurens+M.&rft.au=Linnerooth-Bayer%2C+Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnclimate2979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018336–337-280"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch42018336–337_280-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch42018">IPCC SR15 Ch4 2018</a>, 336–337쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Morecroft, Michael D.; Duffield, Simon; Harley, Mike; Pearce-Higgins, James W.; 외. (2019). “Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems”. 《Science》 366 (6471): eaaw9256. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaw9256">10.1126/science.aaw9256</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31831643">31831643</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:209339286">209339286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Measuring+the+success+of+climate+change+adaptation+and+mitigation+in+terrestrial+ecosystems&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=6471&rft.pages=eaaw9256&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A209339286&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31831643&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aaw9256&rft.aulast=Morecroft&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Duffield%2C+Simon&rft.au=Harley%2C+Mike&rft.au=Pearce-Higgins%2C+James+W.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Nicola&rft.au=Watts%2C+Olly&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Jeanette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Berry, Pam M.; Brown, Sally; Chen, Minpeng; Kontogianni, Areti; 외. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0">“Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures”</a>. 《Climatic Change》 128 (3): 381–393. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ClCh..128..381B">2015ClCh..128..381B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10584-014-1214-0">10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-1480">1573-1480</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153904466">153904466</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Cross-sectoral+interactions+of+adaptation+and+mitigation+measures&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=381-393&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10584-014-1214-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153904466&rft.issn=1573-1480&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015ClCh..128..381B&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Pam+M.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Sally&rft.au=Chen%2C+Minpeng&rft.au=Kontogianni%2C+Areti&rft.au=Rowlands%2C+Olwen&rft.au=Simpson%2C+Gillian&rft.au=Skourtos%2C+Michalis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10584-014-1214-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sharifi, Ayyoob (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620328584">“Trade-offs and conflicts between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review”</a>. 《Journal of Cleaner Production》 276: 122813. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2020.122813">10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122813</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0959-6526">0959-6526</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225638176">225638176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cleaner+Production&rft.atitle=Trade-offs+and+conflicts+between+urban+climate+change+mitigation+and+adaptation+measures%3A+A+literature+review&rft.volume=276&rft.pages=122813&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225638176&rft.issn=0959-6526&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2020.122813&rft.aulast=Sharifi&rft.aufirst=Ayyoob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0959652620328584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR2014">IPCC AR5 SYR 2014</a>, 54쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Summary_for_Policymakers2014">IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers 2014</a>, 17쪽, Section 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch52018">IPCC SR15 Ch5 2018</a>, 447쪽; United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" title="파일:A RES 71 313 E.pdf">Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">A/RES/71/313</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch52018477-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIPCC_SR15_Ch52018477_287-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch52018">IPCC SR15 Ch5 2018</a>, 477쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rauner_2020-288"><a href="#cite_ref-Rauner_2020_288-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRaunerBauerDirnaichnerVan_Dingenen2020">Rauner 등. 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMercurePollittViñualesEdwards2018">Mercure 등. 2018</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWorld_Bank,_June2019">World Bank, June 2019</a>, 12쪽, Box 1 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWorld_Bank,_June2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnion_of_Concerned_Scientists,_8_January2017">Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January 2017</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHagmannHoLoewenstein2019">Hagmann, Ho & Loewenstein 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson2019">Watts 등. 2019</a>, 1866쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUN_Human_Development_Report2020">UN Human Development Report 2020</a>, 10쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFUN_Human_Development_Report2020 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFInternational_Institute_for_Sustainable_Development2019">International Institute for Sustainable Development 2019</a>, iv쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFInternational_Institute_for_Sustainable_Development2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFICCT2019">ICCT 2019</a>, iv쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFICCT2019 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFNatural_Resources_Defense_Council,_29_September2017">Natural Resources Defense Council, 29 September 2017</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Conference_of_State_Legislators,_17_April2020">National Conference of State Legislators, 17 April 2020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFEuropean_Parliament,_February2020">European Parliament, February 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Gabbatiss, Josh; Tandon, Ayesha (2021년 10월 4일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice">“In-depth Q&A: What is 'climate justice'?”</a>. 《Carbon Brief》 (영어). 2021년 10월 16일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carbon+Brief&rft.atitle=In-depth+Q%26A%3A+What+is+%27climate+justice%27%3F&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.aulast=Gabbatiss&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft.au=Tandon%2C+Ayesha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fin-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_4_Jan2017">Carbon Brief, 4 Jan 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedlingstein_2019-299">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Friedlingstein_2019_299-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedlingstein_2019_299-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFFriedlingsteinJonesO'SullivanAndrew2019">Friedlingstein 등. 2019</a>, Table 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNFCCC,_"What_is_the_United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change?"">UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNFCCC1992">UNFCCC 1992</a>, Article 2 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFUNFCCC1992 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG3_Ch12007">IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1 2007</a>, 97쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-303"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_303-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEPA2019">EPA 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNFCCC,_"What_are_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conferences?"">UNFCCC, "What are United Nations Climate Change Conferences?"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKyoto_Protocol1997">Kyoto Protocol 1997</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLiverman2009">Liverman 2009</a>, 290쪽. </li> <li 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">↑</a> <cite class="citation conference"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018074452/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php">《Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change》</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copenhagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copenhagen (없는 문서)">Copenhagen</a>. 2009년 12월 18일. un document= FCCC/CP/2009/L.7. 2010년 10월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/items/5257.php">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 10월 24일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Conference+of+the+Parties+to+the+Framework+Convention+on+Climate+Change&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.date=2009-12-07%2F2009-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fmeetings%2Fcop_15%2Fitems%2F5257.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Cui, Lianbiao; Sun, Yi; Song, Malin; Zhu, Lei (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1690968">“Co-financing in the green climate fund: lessons from the global environment facility”</a>. 《Climate Policy》 20 (1): 95–108. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Policy&rft.atitle=Co-financing+in+the+green+climate+fund%3A+lessons+from+the+global+environment+facility&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=95-108&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213694904&rft.issn=1469-3062&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14693062.2019.1690968&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.aufirst=Lianbiao&rft.au=Sun%2C+Yi&rft.au=Song%2C+Malin&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Lei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F14693062.2019.1690968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParis_Agreement2015-312"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParis_Agreement2015_312-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFParis_Agreement2015">Paris Agreement 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/korea/news/blog/blog/60957/">“위기에 빠진 북극곰 살리기, 지구온난화의 원인과 해결방안”</a>. 《그린피스》. 2018년 1월 2일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0%ED%94%BC%EC%8A%A4&rft.atitle=%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%90+%EB%B9%A0%EC%A7%84+%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9%EA%B3%B0+%EC%82%B4%EB%A6%AC%EA%B8%B0%2C+%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98+%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%BC+%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0%EB%B0%A9%EC%95%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Fkorea%2Fnews%2Fblog%2Fblog%2F60957%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFClimate_Focus2015">Climate Focus 2015</a>, 3쪽; <a href="#CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_8_October2018">Carbon Brief, 8 October 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFClimate_Focus2015">Climate 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href="#CITEREFGoyalEnglandSen_GuptaJucker2019">Goyal 등. 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Yeo, Sophie (2016년 10월 10일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters">“Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters”</a>. 《Carbon Brief》. 2021년 1월 10일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carbon+Brief&rft.atitle=Explainer%3A+Why+a+UN+climate+deal+on+HFCs+matters&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft.aulast=Yeo&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fexplainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">카밀라 툴민 (2008년 12월 11일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?Total_ID=3415196">“강대국이 주도하는 기후변화회의”</a>. 중앙일보. 2009년 2월 15일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EA%B0%95%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B4+%EC%A3%BC%EB%8F%84%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94+%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98&rft.date=2008-12-11&rft.au=%EC%B9%B4%EB%B0%80%EB%9D%BC+%ED%88%B4%EB%AF%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticle.joins.com%2Farticle%2Farticle.asp%3FTotal_ID%3D3415196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36482206">.mw-parser-output .fix{background-color:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;border:1px solid #ffdcdc}</style>[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EA%B9%A8%EC%A7%84_%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="위키백과:깨진 링크">깨진 링크</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?Total_ID=3415196">과거 내용 찾기</a>)] </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">남재일 (2007년 4월 12일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=200704121835121&code=990000">“거꾸로 가는 미국, 뜨거워지는 지구”</a>. 경향신문. 2009년 2월 15일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EA%B1%B0%EA%BE%B8%EB%A1%9C+%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%94+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%2C+%EB%9C%A8%EA%B1%B0%EC%9B%8C%EC%A7%80%EB%8A%94+%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC&rft.date=2007-04-12&rft.au=%EB%82%A8%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.khan.co.kr%2Fkh_news%2Fkhan_art_view.html%3Fartid%3D200704121835121%26code%3D990000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">↑</a> <cite class="citation 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href="#cite_ref-326">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian,_28_November2019">The Guardian, 28 November 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolitico,_11_December2019">Politico, 11 December 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian,_28_October2020">The Guardian, 28 October 2020</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541">“European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions”</a>. 《European Commission》. 2021년 7월 14일.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Commission&rft.atitle=European+Green+Deal%3A+Commission+proposes+transformation+of+EU+economy+and+society+to+meet+climate+ambitions&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommission%2Fpresscorner%2Fdetail%2Fen%2Fip_21_3541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/">“India”</a>. 《Climate Action Tracker》. 2021년 9월 15일. 2021년 10월 3일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Action+Tracker&rft.atitle=India&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimateactiontracker.org%2Fcountries%2Findia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUN_NDC_Synthesis_Report2021">UN NDC Synthesis Report 2021</a>, 4–5쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFUN_NDC_Synthesis_Report2021 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <cite class="citation news">UNFCCC Press Office (2021년 2월 26일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unfccc.int/news/greater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published">“Greater Climate Ambition Urged as Initial NDC Synthesis Report Is Published”</a>. 2021년 4월 21일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Greater+Climate+Ambition+Urged+as+Initial+NDC+Synthesis+Report+Is+Published&rft.date=2021-02-26&rft.au=UNFCCC+Press+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fnews%2Fgreater-climate-ambition-urged-as-initial-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOreskesConway2010">Oreskes & Conway 2010</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBjörnbergKarlssonGilekHansson2017">Björnberg 등. 2017</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFO’NeillBoykoff2010">O’Neill & Boykoff 2010</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBjörnbergKarlssonGilekHansson2017">Björnberg 등. 2017</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Björnberg_2017-334">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Björnberg_2017_334-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Björnberg_2017_334-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFBjörnbergKarlssonGilekHansson2017">Björnberg 등. 2017</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunlapMcCright2015">Dunlap & McCright 2015</a>, 308쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunlapMcCright2011">Dunlap & McCright 2011</a>, 146쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarveyVan_den_BergEllersKampen2018">Harvey 등. 2018</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-KingsCollegeReport_20220629-338"><a href="#cite_ref-KingsCollegeReport_20220629_338-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf">“Public perceptions on climate change”</a> (PDF). 《PERITIA Trust EU - The Policy Institute of Kings College London》. June 2022. 4쪽. 2022년 7월 15일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf">원본 문서</a> (PDF)에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PERITIA+Trust+EU+-+The+Policy+Institute+of+Kings+College+London&rft.atitle=Public+perceptions+on+climate+change&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fperitia-trust.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F06%2F4-Climate-change_EU.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell_2019-339"><a href="#cite_ref-Powell_2019_339-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Powell, James (2019년 11월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0270467619886266?journalCode=bsta">“Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming”</a>. 《Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society》 37 (4): 183–184. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0270467619886266">10.1177/0270467619886266</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213454806">213454806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Science%2C+Technology+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Scientists+Reach+100%25+Consensus+on+Anthropogenic+Global+Warming&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=183-184&rft.date=2019-11-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0270467619886266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213454806&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F0270467619886266%3FjournalCode%3Dbsta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Myers, Krista F.; Doran, Peter T.; Cook, John; Kotcher, John E.; Myers, Teresa A. (2021년 10월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774/meta">“Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later”</a>. 《Environmental Research Letters》 16 (10): 104030. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ERL....16j4030M">2021ERL....16j4030M</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2774">10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239047650">239047650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Consensus+revisited%3A+quantifying+scientific+agreement+on+climate+change+and+climate+expertise+among+Earth+scientists+10+years+later&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=104030&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239047650&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2774&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021ERL....16j4030M&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Krista+F.&rft.au=Doran%2C+Peter+T.&rft.au=Cook%2C+John&rft.au=Kotcher%2C+John+E.&rft.au=Myers%2C+Teresa+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2774%2Fmeta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-341">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_341-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_341-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeart_"The_Public_and_Climate_Change_(since_1980)"">Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWeart_"The_Public_and_Climate_Change_(since_1980)" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Newell2006-342"><a href="#cite_ref-Newell2006_342-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewell2006">Newell 2006</a>, 80쪽; <a href="#CITEREFYale_Climate_Connections,_2_November2010">Yale Climate Connections, 2 November 2010</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPew2015">Pew 2015</a>, 10쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFPew2015 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-344">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_344-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_344-1">나</a> <a href="#CITEREFPew2020">Pew 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPew2015">Pew 2015</a>, 15쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFPew2015 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFYale2021">Yale 2021</a>, 7쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFYale2021 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFYale2021">Yale 2021</a>, 9쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFYale2021 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFUNDP2021">UNDP 2021</a>, 15쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFUNDP2021 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmithLeiserowitz2013">Smith & Leiserowitz 2013</a>, 943쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGunningham2018">Gunningham 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian,_19_March2019">The Guardian, 19 March 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBoulianneLalancetteIlkiw2020">Boulianne, Lalancette & Ilkiw 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeutsche_Welle,_22_June2019">Deutsche Welle, 22 June 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Connolly, Kate (2021년 4월 29일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough">“'Historic' German ruling says climate goals not tough enough”</a>. 《The Guardian》. 2021년 5월 1일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Historic%27+German+ruling+says+climate+goals+not+tough+enough&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fapr%2F29%2Fhistoric-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSetzerByrnes2019">Setzer & Byrnes 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Otamatea_Times-354"><a href="#cite_ref-Otamatea_Times_354-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ROTWKG19120814.2.56.5">“Coal Consumption Affecting Climate”</a>. 《Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette》 (Warkworth, New Zealand). 1912년 8월 14일. 7면.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rodney+and+Otamatea+Times%2C+Waitemata+and+Kaipara+Gazette&rft.atitle=Coal+Consumption+Affecting+Climate&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1912-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FROTWKG19120814.2.56.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  Text was earlier <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:191203_Furnaces_of_the_world_-_Popular_Mechanics_-_Global_warming.jpg" title="파일:191203 Furnaces of the world - Popular Mechanics - Global warming.jpg">published in Popular Mechanics</a>, March 1912, p. 341. </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFArcherPierrehumbert2013">Archer & Pierrehumbert 2013</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA10">10–14</a>쪽 </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Foote, Eunice (November 1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6xhFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA382">《Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun's Rays》</a>. 《The American Journal of Science and Arts》 22. 382–383쪽. 2016년 1월 31일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Circumstances+affecting+the+Heat+of+the+Sun%27s+Rays&rft.pages=382-383&rft.date=1856-11&rft.aulast=Foote&rft.aufirst=Eunice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6xhFAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHuddleston2019">Huddleston 2019</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTyndall1861">Tyndall 1861</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFArcherPierrehumbert2013">Archer & Pierrehumbert 2013</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PA39">39–42</a>쪽; <a href="#CITEREFFleming2008">Fleming 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article3.html">Tyndall</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELapenis1998-360"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELapenis1998_360-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLapenis1998">Lapenis 1998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Weart_The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect-361">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Weart_The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect_361-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weart_The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect_361-1">나</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weart_The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect_361-2">다</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeart_"The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect"">Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWeart_"The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFFleming2008">Fleming 2008</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsdl.library.cornell.edu/websites/wiki/index.php/PALE_ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming/Article4.html">Arrhenius</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCallendar1938">Callendar 1938</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFleming2007">Fleming 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeart_"Suspicions_of_a_Human-Caused_Greenhouse_(1956–1969)"">Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWeart_"Suspicions_of_a_Human-Caused_Greenhouse_(1956–1969)" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-history.aip.org2-364"><a href="#cite_ref-history.aip.org2_364-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeart_"The_Public_and_Climate_Change:_The_Summer_of_1988"">Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"</a> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFWeart_"The_Public_and_Climate_Change:_The_Summer_of_1988" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#L_0575">"News reporters gave only a little attention ..."</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeart2013">Weart 2013</a>, 3567쪽. </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoyal_Society2005">Royal Society 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell2019-367"><a href="#cite_ref-Powell2019_367-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Powell, James (2019년 11월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0270467619886266?journalCode=bsta">“Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming”</a>. 《Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society》 37 (4): 183–184. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0270467619886266">10.1177/0270467619886266</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213454806">213454806</a>. 2020년 11월 15일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Science%2C+Technology+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Scientists+Reach+100%25+Consensus+on+Anthropogenic+Global+Warming&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=183-184&rft.date=2019-11-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0270467619886266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213454806&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F0270467619886266%3FjournalCode%3Dbsta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-368">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_368-0">가</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_368-1">나</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lynas, Mark; Houlton, Benjamin Z; Perry, Simon (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966">“Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature”</a>. 《Environmental Research Letters》 16 (11): 114005. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ERL....16k4005L">2021ERL....16k4005L</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2966">10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1748-9326">1748-9326</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239032360">239032360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Greater+than+99%25+consensus+on+human+caused+climate+change+in+the+peer-reviewed+scientific+literature&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=114005&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239032360&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021ERL....16k4005L&rft.aulast=Lynas&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Houlton%2C+Benjamin+Z&rft.au=Perry%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fac2966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Academies2008">National Academies 2008</a>, 2쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFNational_Academies2008 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); <a href="#CITEREFOreskes2007">Oreskes 2007</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PXJIqCkb7YIC&pg=PA68">68</a>쪽; <a href="#CITEREFGleick,_7_January2017">Gleick, 7 January 2017</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">↑</a> Joint statement of the <a href="#CITEREFG8+5_Academies2009">G8+5 Academies (2009)</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGleick,_7_January2017">Gleick, 7 January 2017</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌">참고 문헌</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=36" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌">편집</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IPCC_보고서">IPCC 보고서</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=37" title="부분 편집: IPCC 보고서">편집</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480451">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> 제4차 평가 보고서 <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG12007" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (2007). Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; 외., 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html">《Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis》</a>. Contribution of Working Group I to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_Fourth_Assessment_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (없는 문서)">Fourth Assessment Report</a> of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-521-88009-1" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-521-88009-1"><bdi>978-0-521-88009-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2007%3A+The+Physical+Science+Basis&rft.series=Contribution+of+Working+Group+I+to+the+Fourth+Assessment+Report+of+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88009-1&rft.au=IPCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fpublications_and_data%2Far4%2Fwg1%2Fen%2Fcontents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch12007" class="citation book">Le Treut, H.; Somerville, R.; Cubasch, U.; Ding, Y.; 외. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf">〈Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG12007">IPCC AR4 WG1 2007</a>》. 93–127쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Historical+Overview+of+Climate+Change+Science&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR4+WG1+2007&rft.pages=93-127&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Le+Treut&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Somerville%2C+R.&rft.au=Cubasch%2C+U.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Y.&rft.au=Mauritzen%2C+C.&rft.au=Mokssit%2C+A.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+T.&rft.au=Prather%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far4%2Fwg1%2Far4-wg1-chapter1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch82007" class="citation book">Randall, D. A.; Wood, R. A.; Bony, S.; Colman, R.; 외. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf">〈Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG12007">IPCC AR4 WG1 2007</a>》. 589–662쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+Climate+Models+and+their+Evaluation&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR4+WG1+2007&rft.pages=589-662&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rft.au=Wood%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Bony%2C+S.&rft.au=Colman%2C+R.&rft.au=Fichefet%2C+T.&rft.au=Fyfe%2C+J.&rft.au=Kattsov%2C+V.&rft.au=Pitman%2C+A.&rft.au=Shukla%2C+J.&rft.au=Srinivasan%2C+J.&rft.au=Stouffer%2C+R.+J.&rft.au=Sumi%2C+A.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+K.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far4%2Fwg1%2Far4-wg1-chapter8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch92007" class="citation book">Hegerl, G. C.; Zwiers, F. W.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascale_Braconnot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascale Braconnot (없는 문서)">Braconnot, P.</a>; Gillett, N. P.; 외. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf">〈Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG12007">IPCC AR4 WG1 2007</a>》. 663–745쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Understanding+and+Attributing+Climate+Change&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR4+WG1+2007&rft.pages=663-745&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Hegerl&rft.aufirst=G.+C.&rft.au=Zwiers%2C+F.+W.&rft.au=Braconnot%2C+P.&rft.au=Gillett%2C+N.+P.&rft.au=Luo%2C+Y.&rft.au=Marengo+Orsini%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Nicholls%2C+N.&rft.au=Penner%2C+J.+E.&rft.au=Stott%2C+P.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far4%2Fwg1%2Far4-wg1-chapter9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG22007" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (2007). 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H.; Semenov, S.; Patwardhan, A.; Burton, I.; 외. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf">〈Chapter 19: Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG22007">IPCC AR4 WG2 2007</a>》. 779–810쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+Assessing+key+vulnerabilities+and+the+risk+from+climate+change&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR4+WG2+2007&rft.pages=779-810&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=S.+H.&rft.au=Semenov%2C+S.&rft.au=Patwardhan%2C+A.&rft.au=Burton%2C+I.&rft.au=Magadza%2C+C.+H.+D.&rft.au=Oppenheimer%2C+M.&rft.au=Pittock%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Rahman%2C+A.&rft.au=Smith%2C+J.+B.&rft.au=Suarez%2C+A.&rft.au=Yamin%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far4%2Fwg2%2Far4-wg2-chapter19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG32007" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (2007). 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F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K.; Tignor, M.; 외., 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf">《Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis》</a> (PDF). Contribution of Working Group I to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (없는 문서)">Fifth Assessment Report</a> of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 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(2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG12013">IPCC AR5 WG1 2013</a>》. 867–952쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+Detection+and+Attribution+of+Climate+Change%3A+from+Global+to+Regional&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR5+WG1+2013&rft.pages=867-952&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bindoff&rft.aufirst=N.+L.&rft.au=Stott%2C+P.+A.&rft.au=AchutaRao%2C+K.+M.&rft.au=Allen%2C+M.+R.&rft.au=Gillett%2C+N.&rft.au=Gutzler%2C+D.&rft.au=Hansingo%2C+K.&rft.au=Hegerl%2C+G.&rft.au=Hu%2C+Y.&rft.au=Jain%2C+S.&rft.au=Mokhov%2C+I.+I.&rft.au=Overland%2C+J.&rft.au=Perlwitz%2C+J.&rft.au=Sebbari%2C+R.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fsite%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2FWG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch122013" class="citation book">Collins, M.; Knutti, R.; Arblaster, J. M.; Dufresne, J.-L.; 외. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG12013">IPCC AR5 WG1 2013</a>》. 1029–1136쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12%3A+Long-term+Climate+Change%3A+Projections%2C+Commitments+and+Irreversibility&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR5+WG1+2013&rft.pages=1029-1136&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Knutti%2C+R.&rft.au=Arblaster%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Dufresne%2C+J.-L.&rft.au=Fichefet%2C+T.&rft.au=Friedlingstein%2C+P.&rft.au=Gao%2C+X.&rft.au=Gutowski%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Johns%2C+T.&rft.au=Krinner%2C+G.&rft.au=Shongwe%2C+M.&rft.au=Tebaldi%2C+C.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Wehner%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fwg1%2FWG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_A2014" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (2014). Field, C. B.; Barros, V. R.; Dokken, D. J.; Mach, K. J.; 외., 편집. 《Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects》. Contribution of Working Group II to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (없는 문서)">Fifth Assessment Report</a> of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-107-05807-1" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-107-05807-1"><bdi>978-1-107-05807-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2014%3A+Impacts%2C+Adaptation%2C+and+Vulnerability.+Part+A%3A+Global+and+Sectoral+Aspects&rft.series=Contribution+of+Working+Group+II+to+the+Fifth+Assessment+Report+of+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-05807-1&rft.au=IPCC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> . Chapters 1–20, SPM, and Technical Summary. <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch32014" class="citation book">Jiménez Cisneros, B. E.; Oki, T.; Arnell, N. 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J.; Cochrane, K.; 외. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap7_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 7: Food Security and Food Production Systems〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_A2014">IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014</a>》. 485–533쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+Food+Security+and+Food+Production+Systems&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR5+WG2+A+2014&rft.pages=485-533&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.au=Xie%2C+L.&rft.au=Challinor%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Cochrane%2C+K.&rft.au=Howden%2C+S.+M.&rft.au=Iqbal%2C+M.+M.&rft.au=Lobell%2C+D.+B.&rft.au=Travasso%2C+M.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fwg2%2FWGIIAR5-Chap7_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch112014" class="citation book">Smith, K. 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(2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap11_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 11: Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits〉</a> (PDF). 《In <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_A2014">IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014</a>》. 709–754쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+11%3A+Human+Health%3A+Impacts%2C+Adaptation%2C+and+Co-Benefits&rft.btitle=In+IPCC+AR5+WG2+A+2014&rft.pages=709-754&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rft.au=Woodward%2C+A.&rft.au=Campbell-Lendrum%2C+D.&rft.au=Chadee%2C+D.+D.&rft.au=Honda%2C+Y.&rft.au=Lui%2C+Q.&rft.au=Olwoch%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Revich%2C+B.&rft.au=Sauerborn%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fsite%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2FWGIIAR5-Chap11_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch132014" class="citation book">Olsson, L.; Opondo, M.; Tschakert, P.; Agrawal, A.; 외. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 13: Livelihoods and Poverty〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_A2014">IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014</a>》. 793–832쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+13%3A+Livelihoods+and+Poverty&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR5+WG2+A+2014&rft.pages=793-832&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Olsson&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Opondo%2C+M.&rft.au=Tschakert%2C+P.&rft.au=Agrawal%2C+A.&rft.au=Eriksen%2C+S.+H.&rft.au=Ma%2C+S.&rft.au=Perch%2C+L.+N.&rft.au=Zakieldeen%2C+S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fwg2%2FWGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch182014" class="citation book">Cramer, W.; Yohe, G. W.; Auffhammer, M.; Huggel, C.; 외. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 18: Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_A2014">IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014</a>》. 979–1037쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+18%3A+Detection+and+Attribution+of+Observed+Impacts&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR5+WG2+A+2014&rft.pages=979-1037&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Cramer&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Yohe%2C+G.+W.&rft.au=Auffhammer%2C+M.&rft.au=Huggel%2C+C.&rft.au=Molau%2C+U.&rft.au=da+Silva+Dias%2C+M.+A.+F.&rft.au=Solow%2C+A.&rft.au=Stone%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Tibig%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fwg2%2FWGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch192014" class="citation book">Oppenheimer, M.; Campos, M.; Warren, R.; Birkmann, J.; 외. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 19: Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_A2014">IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014</a>》. 1039–1099쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+Emergent+Risks+and+Key+Vulnerabilities&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR5+WG2+A+2014&rft.pages=1039-1099&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Campos%2C+M.&rft.au=Warren%2C+R.&rft.au=Birkmann%2C+J.&rft.au=Luber%2C+G.&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+B.&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fwg2%2FWGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_B2014" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (2014). Barros, V. R.; Field, C. B.; Dokken, D. J.; Mach, K. J.; 외., 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf">《Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects》</a> (PDF). Contribution of Working Group II to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (없는 문서)">Fifth Assessment Report</a> of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-107-05816-3" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-107-05816-3"><bdi>978-1-107-05816-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2014%3A+Impacts%2C+Adaptation%2C+and+Vulnerability.+Part+B%3A+Regional+Aspects&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK+%26+New+York&rft.series=Contribution+of+Working+Group+II+to+the+Fifth+Assessment+Report+of+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-05816-3&rft.au=IPCC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fsite%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2FWGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> . Chapters 21–30, Annexes, and Index. <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch282014" class="citation book">Larsen, J. N.; Anisimov, O. A.; Constable, A.; Hollowed, A. B.; 외. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf">〈Chapter 28: Polar Regions〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_B2014">IPCC AR5 WG2 B 2014</a>》. 1567–1612쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+28%3A+Polar+Regions&rft.btitle=IPCC+AR5+WG2+B+2014&rft.pages=1567-1612&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=J.+N.&rft.au=Anisimov%2C+O.+A.&rft.au=Constable%2C+A.&rft.au=Hollowed%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Maynard%2C+N.&rft.au=Prestrud%2C+P.&rft.au=Prowse%2C+T.+D.&rft.au=Stone%2C+J.+M.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fwg2%2FWGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG32014" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (2014). Edenhofer, O.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Sokona, Y.; Farahani, E.; 외., 편집. 《Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change》. Contribution of Working Group III to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (없는 문서)">Fifth Assessment Report</a> of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK & New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-107-05821-7" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-107-05821-7"><bdi>978-1-107-05821-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2014%3A+Mitigation+of+Climate+Change&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Contribution+of+Working+Group+III+to+the+Fifth+Assessment+Report+of+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-05821-7&rft.au=IPCC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG3_Ch52014" class="citation book">Blanco, G.; Gerlagh, R.; Suh, S.; Barrett, J.; 외. 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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Warming+of+1.5%C2%B0C.+An+IPCC+Special+Report+on+the+impacts+of+global+warming+of+1.5%C2%B0C+above+pre-industrial+levels+and+related+global+greenhouse+gas+emission+pathways%2C+in+the+context+of+strengthening+the+global+response+to+the+threat+of+climate+change%2C+sustainable+development%2C+and+efforts+to+eradicate+poverty&rft.pub=Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change&rft.date=2018&rft.au=IPCC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fsite%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2F2019%2F06%2FSR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/">Global Warming of 1.5 °C —</a>. <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Summary_for_Policymakers2018" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_HR.pdf">〈Summary for Policymakers〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR152018">IPCC SR15 2018</a>》. 3–24쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Summary+for+Policymakers&rft.btitle=IPCC+SR15+2018&rft.pages=3-24&rft.date=2018&rft.au=IPCC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fsite%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2F2019%2F05%2FSR15_SPM_version_report_HR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch12018" class="citation book">Allen, M. 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(2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter1_High_Res.pdf">〈Chapter 1: Framing and Context〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR152018">IPCC SR15 2018</a>》. 49–91쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Framing+and+Context&rft.btitle=IPCC+SR15+2018&rft.pages=49-91&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rft.au=Dube%2C+O.+P.&rft.au=Solecki%2C+W.&rft.au=Arag%C3%B3n-Durand%2C+F.&rft.au=Cramer%2C+W.&rft.au=Humphreys%2C+S.&rft.au=Kainuma%2C+M.&rft.au=Kala%2C+J.&rft.au=Mahowald%2C+N.&rft.au=Mulugetta%2C+Y.&rft.au=Perez%2C+R.&rft.au=Wairiu%2C+M.&rft.au=Zickfeld%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fsite%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2F2019%2F05%2FSR15_Chapter1_High_Res.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joeri_Rogelj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joeri Rogelj (없는 문서)">Rogelj, J.</a>; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S.; 외. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf">〈Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5°C in the Context of Sustainable Development〉</a> (PDF). 《<a href="#CITEREFIPCC_SR152018">IPCC SR15 2018</a>》. 93–174쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Mitigation+Pathways+Compatible+with+1.5%C2%B0C+in+the+Context+of+Sustainable+Development&rft.btitle=IPCC+SR15+2018&rft.pages=93-174&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Rogelj&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Shindell%2C+D.&rft.au=Jiang%2C+K.&rft.au=Fifta%2C+S.&rft.au=Forster%2C+P.&rft.au=Ginzburg%2C+V.&rft.au=Handa%2C+C.&rft.au=Kheshgi%2C+H.&rft.au=Kobayashi%2C+S.&rft.au=Kriegler%2C+E.&rft.au=Mundaca%2C+L.&rft.au=S%C3%A9f%C3%A9rian%2C+R.&rft.au=Vilari%C3%B1o%2C+M.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fsite%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2F2019%2F05%2FSR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch32018" class="citation book">Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M.; 외. 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Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.17226%2F12781">10.17226/12781</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-309-14585-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-309-14585-5"><bdi>978-0-309-14585-5</bdi></a>. 2015년 7월 21일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/12781/chapter/4">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 1월 28일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Causes+and+Consequences+of+Climate+Change&rft.btitle=America%27s+Climate+Choices&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F12781&rft.isbn=978-0-309-14585-5&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fread%2F12781%2Fchapter%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Neukom, Raphael; Steiger, Nathan; Gómez-Navarro, Juan José; Wang, Jianghao; 외. (2019a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boris.unibe.ch/132301/7/333323_4_merged_1557735881.pdf">“No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the preindustrial Common Era”</a> (PDF). 《Nature》 571 (7766): 550–554. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Natur.571..550N">2019Natur.571..550N</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1401-2">10.1038/s41586-019-1401-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31341300">31341300</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198494930">198494930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=No+evidence+for+globally+coherent+warm+and+cold+periods+over+the+preindustrial+Common+Era&rft.volume=571&rft.issue=7766&rft.pages=550-554&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198494930&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Natur.571..550N&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31341300&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1401-2&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Neukom&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft.au=Steiger%2C+Nathan&rft.au=G%C3%B3mez-Navarro%2C+Juan+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jianghao&rft.au=Werner%2C+Johannes+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboris.unibe.ch%2F132301%2F7%2F333323_4_merged_1557735881.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Neukom, Raphael; Barboza, Luis A.; Erb, Michael P.; Shi, Feng; 외. 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Springer International Publishing. xiii–xxxv쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-05843-2">10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-3-030-05843-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-3-030-05843-2"><bdi>978-3-030-05843-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198078901">198078901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Executive+Summary&rft.btitle=Achieving+the+Paris+Climate+Agreement+Goals%3A+Global+and+Regional+100%25+Renewable+Energy+Scenarios+with+Non-energy+GHG+Pathways+for+%2B1.5+%C2%B0C+and+%2B2+%C2%B0C&rft.pages=xiii-xxxv&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198078901&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-05843-2&rft.isbn=978-3-030-05843-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2Fbfm%253A978-3-030-05843-2%252F1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Teske, Sven; Pregger, Thomas; Naegler, Tobias; Simon, Sonja; 외. 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(2019). “Human contribution to the record-breaking June 2019 heat wave in France”. 《Semantic Scholar》. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199454488">199454488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Semantic+Scholar&rft.atitle=Human+contribution+to+the+record-breaking+June+2019+heat+wave+in+France&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A199454488&rft.aulast=Van+Oldenborgh&rft.aufirst=Geert-Jan&rft.au=Philip%2C+Sjoukje&rft.au=Kew%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Vautard%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Bank,_June2019" class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/191801559846379845/pdf/State-and-Trends-of-Carbon-Pricing-2019.pdf">State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2019</a> (PDF) (보고서). 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Geneva, Switzerland. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-92-4-150769-1" title="특수:책찾기/978-92-4-150769-1"><bdi>978-92-4-150769-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Quantitative+risk+assessment+of+the+effects+of+climate+change+on+selected+causes+of+death%2C+2030s+and+2050s&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-92-4-150769-1&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F134014%2F9789241507691_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWHO2016" class="citation report">World Health Organization (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1061179/retrieve">Ambient air pollution: a global assessment of exposure and burden of disease</a> (보고서). Geneva, Switzerland. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-92-4-1511353" title="특수:책찾기/978-92-4-1511353"><bdi>978-92-4-1511353</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Ambient+air+pollution%3A+a+global+assessment+of+exposure+and+burden+of+disease&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-92-4-1511353&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Frest%2Fbitstreams%2F1061179%2Fretrieve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWHO2018" class="citation book">World Health Organization (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276405/9789241514972-eng.pdf?ua=1">《COP24 Special Report Health and Climate Change》</a> (PDF). Geneva. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-92-4-151497-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-92-4-151497-2"><bdi>978-92-4-151497-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=COP24+Special+Report+Health+and+Climate+Change&rft.place=Geneva&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-92-4-151497-2&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F276405%2F9789241514972-eng.pdf%3Fua%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWMO2021" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162743/https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10618">《WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2020》</a>. WMO-No. 1264. Geneva. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-92-63-11264-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-92-63-11264-4"><bdi>978-92-63-11264-4</bdi></a>. 2021년 4월 19일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10618">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2022년 9월 5일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WMO+Statement+on+the+State+of+the+Global+Climate+in+2020&rft.place=Geneva&rft.series=WMO-No.+1264&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-92-63-11264-4&rft.au=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.wmo.int%2Fdoc_num.php%3Fexplnum_id%3D10618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_December2019" class="citation book">World Resources Institute (December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/wrr-food-full-report.pdf">《Creating a Sustainable Food Future: A Menu of Solutions to Feed Nearly 10 Billion People by 2050》</a> (PDF). Washington, D.C. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-56973-953-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-56973-953-2"><bdi>978-1-56973-953-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+a+Sustainable+Food+Future%3A+A+Menu+of+Solutions+to+Feed+Nearly+10+Billion+People+by+2050&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.date=2019-12&rft.isbn=978-1-56973-953-2&rft.au=World+Resources+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.wri.org%2Fd8%2Fs3fs-public%2Fwrr-food-full-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="비공학적_출처">비공학적 출처</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=40" title="부분 편집: 비공학적 출처">편집</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480451"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Institute_of_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Institute of Physics (없는 문서)">American Institute of Physics</a> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Weart, Spencer (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118000413/http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm">《The Discovery of Global Warming》</a> 2판. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-674-03189-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-674-03189-0"><bdi>978-0-674-03189-0</bdi></a>. 2016년 11월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 16일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Global+Warming&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2008-10&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03189-0&rft.aulast=Weart&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fclimate%2Freviews.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spencer_R._Weart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spencer R. Weart (없는 문서)">Weart, Spencer</a> (February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618075616/http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm">《The Discovery of Global Warming》</a> online판. 2020년 6월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 19일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Global+Warming&rft.edition=online&rft.date=2019-02&rft.aulast=Weart&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fclimate%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWeart_"The_Carbon_Dioxide_Greenhouse_Effect"" class="citation">Weart, Spencer (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191800/http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm">〈The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect〉</a>. 《The Discovery of Global Warming》. American Institute of Physics. 2016년 11월 11일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 19일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Carbon+Dioxide+Greenhouse+Effect&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Global+Warming&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=2020-01&rft.aulast=Weart&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fclimate%2Fco2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation">Weart, Spencer (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm">〈The Public and Climate Change〉</a>. 《The Discovery of Global Warming》. American Institute of Physics. 2016년 11월 11일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 19일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Public+and+Climate+Change&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Global+Warming&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=2020-01&rft.aulast=Weart&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fclimate%2Fpublic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWeart_"Suspicions_of_a_Human-Caused_Greenhouse_(1956–1969)"" class="citation">Weart, Spencer (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2">〈The Public and Climate Change: Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)〉</a>. 《The Discovery of Global Warming》. American Institute of Physics. 2016년 11월 11일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 19일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Public+and+Climate+Change%3A+Suspicions+of+a+Human-Caused+Greenhouse+%281956%E2%80%931969%29&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Global+Warming&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=2020-01&rft.aulast=Weart&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fclimate%2Fpublic.htm%23S2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWeart_"The_Public_and_Climate_Change_(since_1980)"" class="citation">Weart, Spencer (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191659/http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm">〈The Public and Climate Change (cont. – since 1980)〉</a>. 《The Discovery of Global warming》. 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American Institute of Physics. 2016년 11월 11일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm#S1988">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 6월 19일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Public+and+Climate+Change%3A+The+Summer+of+1988&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Global+Warming&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=2020-01&rft.aulast=Weart&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fclimate%2Fpublic2.htm%23S1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press,_22_September2015" class="citation web">Colford, Paul (2015년 9월 22일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apstylebook.com/blog_posts/4">“An addition to AP Stylebook entry on global warming”</a>. 《AP Style Blog》. 2019년 11월 6일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Style+Blog&rft.atitle=An+addition+to+AP+Stylebook+entry+on+global+warming&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Colford&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apstylebook.com%2Fblog_posts%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBBC,_1_May2019" class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48126677">“UK Parliament declares climate change emergency”</a>. 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class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 4월 12일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=School+climate+strikes%3A+1.4+million+people+took+part%2C+say+campaigners&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2Fmar%2F19%2Fschool-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian,_17_May2019" class="citation news">Carrington, Damian (2019년 5월 17일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/17/why-the-guardian-is-changing-the-language-it-uses-about-the-environment">“Why the Guardian is changing the language it uses about the environment”</a>. 《The Guardian》. 2019년 5월 20일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+the+Guardian+is+changing+the+language+it+uses+about+the+environment&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2Fmay%2F17%2Fwhy-the-guardian-is-changing-the-language-it-uses-about-the-environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian,_28_November2019" class="citation news">Rankin, Jennifer (2019년 11월 28일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/28/eu-parliament-declares-climate-emergency">“'Our house is on fire': EU parliament declares climate emergency”</a>. 《The Guardian》. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 2019년 11월 28일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Our+house+is+on+fire%27%3A+EU+parliament+declares+climate+emergency&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fnov%2F28%2Feu-parliament-declares-climate-emergency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> Too risky</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian,_19_February2020" 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November 2015. 2021년 1월 3일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/globalchange/global-campaign/cop21/en/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2020년 9월 2일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=WHO+calls+for+urgent+action+to+protect+health+from+climate+change+%E2%80%93+Sign+the+call&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fglobalchange%2Fglobal-campaign%2Fcop21%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Resources_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Resources Institute (없는 문서)">World Resources Institute</a> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_31_March2021" class="citation news">Butler, Rhett A. (2021년 3월 31일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401022404/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/global-forest-loss-increases-in-2020-but-pandemics-impact-unclear/">“Global forest loss increases in 2020”</a>. 《Mongabay》. 2021년 4월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/global-forest-loss-increases-in-2020-but-pandemics-impact-unclear/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mongabay&rft.atitle=Global+forest+loss+increases+in+2020&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Rhett+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mongabay.com%2F2021%2F03%2Fglobal-forest-loss-increases-in-2020-but-pandemics-impact-unclear%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988">  ● Mongabay graphing WRI data from <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310203850/https://research.wri.org/gfr/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss">“Forest Loss / How much tree cover is lost globally each year?”</a>. 《research.WRI.org》. World Resources Institute — Global Forest Review. January 2021. 2021년 3월 10일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.wri.org/gfr/forest-extent-indicators/forest-loss">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=research.WRI.org&rft.atitle=Forest+Loss+%2F+How+much+tree+cover+is+lost+globally+each+year%3F&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.wri.org%2Fgfr%2Fforest-extent-indicators%2Fforest-loss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_8_August2019" class="citation journal">Levin, Kelly (2019년 8월 8일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/how-effective-land-removing-carbon-pollution-ipcc-weighs">“How Effective Is Land At Removing Carbon Pollution? The IPCC Weighs In”</a>. 《World Resources institute》. 2020년 5월 15일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resources+institute&rft.atitle=How+Effective+Is+Land+At+Removing+Carbon+Pollution%3F+The+IPCC+Weighs+In&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wri.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F08%2Fhow-effective-land-removing-carbon-pollution-ipcc-weighs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_8_December2019" class="citation journal">Seymour, Frances; Gibbs, David (2019년 12월 8일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/forests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know/">“Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know”</a>. 《World Resources Institute》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resources+Institute&rft.atitle=Forests+in+the+IPCC+Special+Report+on+Land+Use%3A+7+Things+to+Know&rft.date=2019-12-08&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft.au=Gibbs%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wri.org%2Fblog%2F2019%2F08%2Fforests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale (없는 문서)">Yale</a> Climate Connections <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFYale_Climate_Connections,_2_November2010" class="citation web">Peach, Sara (2010년 11월 2일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130823/https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public/">“Yale Researcher Anthony Leiserowitz on Studying, Communicating with American Public”</a>. Yale Climate Connections. 2019년 2월 7일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 7월 30일에 확인함.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yale+Researcher+Anthony+Leiserowitz+on+Studying%2C+Communicating+with+American+Public&rft.pub=Yale+Climate+Connections&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.aulast=Peach&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yaleclimateconnections.org%2F2010%2F11%2Fcommunicating-with-american-public&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="Z3988"> </li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크">외부 링크</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&section=41" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크">편집</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> 위키미디어 공용에 <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate_change?uselang=ko">기후변화</a> 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.</li></ul> <dl><dt>기관</dt></dl> <ul><li>(영어) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/">기후 변화에 관한 정부간 패널</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>연구용</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521203954/http://www.giss.nasa.gov/">NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies</a> – 세계적 변화 연구</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2011/2">NOAA State of the Climate Report</a> – 미국과 세계의 월간 기후 보고서</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502112810/http://dels.nas.edu/Climate/Climate-Change/Reports-Academies-Findings">Climate Change at the National Academies</a>– 보고서 저장소</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/climate/index.html">Nature Reports Climate Change</a> – 웹 출처</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/">Met Office: Climate change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127075407/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/">Archived</a> 2010년 11월 27일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a> – 영국 국립 기상 연구소</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istl.org/01-fall/internet.html">Global Science and Technology Sources on the Internet</a> – 목록 리스트</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323033013/http://edgcm.columbia.edu/">Educational Global Climate Modelling</a> (EdGCM) – 연구 수준의 기후 변화 시뮬레이터</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discover.itsc.uah.edu/">DISCOVER</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404221841/http://discover.itsc.uah.edu/">Archived</a> 2013년 4월 4일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a> – 미항공우주국(NASA)에서 제공하는 1979년부터의 위성 기반의 해양 기후 데이터</li></ul> <dl><dt>교육용</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://green.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-overview.html">What Is Global Warming?</a> – 내셔널 지오그레픽</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/indicators/">Global Climate Change Indicators</a>– NOAA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.gov/#understandingClimate">NOAA Climate Services</a> – NOAA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html">Global Warming Frequently Asked Questions</a> – NOAA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305100721/http://www.ucar.edu/news/features/climatechange/faqs.jsp">Understanding Climate Change– Frequently Asked Questions</a> – UCAR</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508171551/http://cgs.illinois.edu/content/global-warming-resources">Global Warming: Center for Global Studies at the University of Illinois</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.jpl.nasa.gov/">Global Climate Change: NASA's Eyes on the Earth</a> – NASA's JPL와 칼텍</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121131723/http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/series/climate/">OurWorld 2.0</a> – 유엔 대학</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518210043/http://www.c2es.org/">Center for Climate and Energy Solutions</a> – 비즈니스와 정치 영향</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/BestEffortGlobalWarmingTrajectories/">Best Effort Global Warming Trajectories– Wolfram Demonstrations Project</a> – Harvey Lam</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905205430/http://www.ipy.org/links-a-resources/item/135-koshland-science-museum--global-warming-facts-and-our-future">Koshland Science Museum– Global Warming Facts and Our Future</a> – 미국 국립 과학 아카데미의 그래픽적 소개</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100614033126/http://site.videoproject.com/coralreefs/">Climate Change: Coral Reefs on the Edge</a> – 오클랜드 대학의 Ove Hoegh-Guldberg교수의 비디오 프렌젠테이션</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/indicators.html">Climate Change Indicators in the United States</a> 미국 환경 보호국에서 발표한 80쪽의 보고서</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/extremeice/thin_01_q_300.html">Video on the effects of global warming on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <dl><dt>주요 기사</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://navercast.naver.com/science/chemistry/1635">네이버 캐스트 - 지구 온난화의 주범-온실가스</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://navercast.naver.com/science/documentary/1152">지구를 위협하는 6도</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=105&oid=011&aid=0001945499">지구온난화로 새로운 지질시대 도래하나, 서울경제신문, 2008.03.24</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.naver.com/greenstartkr">그린스타트 공식 블로그 - 저탄소 녹색 성장 실현과 기후변화 문제 해결을 위해 녹색생활 실천에 앞장서는 -</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.kr/do-these-heatwaves-mean-climate-change-is-worse-than-we-thought/">기후변화는 얼마나 잘 예측되고 있는가?</a> MIT 테크놀로지 리뷰, 2022.08.03</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="틀:기후 변화"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:기후 변화 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="특수:문서편집/틀:기후 변화"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="기후_변화" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화">기후 변화</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="총괄" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">총괄</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="현대 기후 변화의 원인">현대 기후 변화의 원인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 영향">기후 변화의 영향</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%99%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화 완화">기후 변화 완화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화 적응">기후 변화 적응</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%99%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD%EB%B3%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="분류:국가와 지역별 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">국가와 지역별 기후 변화</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="원인" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">원인</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">총괄 </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="현대 기후 변화의 원인">현대 기후 변화의 원인</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B7%B9%EB%8B%A8%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="극단적 사건의 원인 규명 (없는 문서)">극단적 사건의 원인 규명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="온실 효과">온실 효과</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%ED%95%A9%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화의 과학적 합의">기후 변화의 과학적 합의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">요인</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="온실 기체">온실 기체</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="온실 기체 방출">온실 기체 방출</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%9D_%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="화석 연료">화석 연료</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%88%EC%82%B0%EB%A6%BC%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="탈산림화와 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">탈산림화와 기후 변화</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%86%A0%EC%A7%80_%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%A9,_%ED%86%A0%EC%A7%80_%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%A9_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94,_%EC%9E%84%EC%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="토지 이용, 토지 이용 변화, 임업 (없는 문서)">토지 이용, 토지 이용 변화, 임업</a> (LULUCF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="역사" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">역사</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%ED%95%99%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="기후 변화 학계의 역사">기후 변화 학계의 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85%EA%B3%BC_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 정책과 정치의 역사 (없는 문서)">기후 변화 정책과 정치의 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%98%ED%85%8C_%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="스반테 아레니우스">스반테 아레니우스</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%B8%EC%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제임스 핸슨 (없는 문서)">제임스 핸슨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%ED%82%AC%EB%A7%81" title="찰스 데이비드 킬링">찰스 데이비드 킬링</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EA%B0%84_%ED%98%91%EC%9D%98%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화에 관한 정부간 협의체">기후 변화에 관한 정부간 협의체 (IPCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019%EB%85%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019년 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">2019년</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020%EB%85%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020년 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">2020년</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021%EB%85%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021년 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">2021년</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%EB%85%84_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022년 기후 변화 (없는 문서)">2022년</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="영향과_문제" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" 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title="블루카본">블루카본</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B1%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이산화 탄소 제거 (없는 문서)">이산화 탄소 제거</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%99%84%ED%99%94_%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 완화 시나리오 (없는 문서)">기후 변화 완화 시나리오</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="기후 공학">기후 공학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B0%98_%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0%EC%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="자연 기반 해결책">자연 기반 해결책</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%88%EC%82%B0%EB%A6%BC%ED%99%94%EC%99%80_%EC%82%B0%EB%A6%BC_%EB%B2%8C%EC%B1%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C%EB%9F%89_%EA%B0%90%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="탈산림화와 산림 벌채의 방출량 감소 (없는 문서)">탈산림화와 산림 벌채의 방출량 감소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%A6%BC" title="재조림">재조림</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="배경과_이론" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">배경과 이론</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">측정</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1_%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84_%EC%B8%A1%EC%A0%95%EB%B2%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인공위성 온도 측정법 (없는 문서)">인공위성 온도 측정법</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">이론</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%82%AC%EC%9C%A8" title="반사율">반사율</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%ED%9D%A1%EC%88%98%EC%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="탄소 흡수원">탄소 흡수원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후 변동 및 변화">기후 변동 및 변화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%AF%BC%EA%B0%90%EB%8F%84" title="기후 민감도">기후 민감도</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84_%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="구름 강제력 (없는 문서)">구름 강제력</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%A8%EB%A3%A8%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84_%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84_%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%95_%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="모루구름 온도 고정 가설 (없는 문서)">모루구름 온도 고정 가설</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이리스 가설 (없는 문서)">이리스 가설</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%ED%94%BC%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 피드백 (없는 문서)">피드백</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EC%88%98%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="지구 에너지 수지">지구 에너지 수지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%9A%A8%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="유효온도">유효온도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94_%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98" title="지구 온난화 지수">지구 온난화 지수</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC%EA%B0%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%98%88%EC%8B%9C_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="온실 효과가 기후 변화에 미치는 예시 모델 (없는 문서)">온실 효과가 기후 변화에 미치는 예시 모델</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC_%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="복사 강제력">복사 강제력</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.25em">연구</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%ED%95%99" title="고기후학">고기후학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="고폭풍학 (없는 문서)">고폭풍학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 모델">기후 모델</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="목록 문서" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4%EC%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 용어집 (없는 문서)">용어집</a></li> <li><img alt="목록 문서" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94_%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C_%EC%83%89%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 변화 관련 문서 색인 (없는 문서)">색인</a></li> <li><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="분류:기후 변화">분류</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="자연_재해_-_사망자수_순_목록" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0_%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%B4" title="틀:자연 재해"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0_%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:자연 재해 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0_%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%B4" title="특수:문서편집/틀:자연 재해"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="자연_재해_-_사망자수_순_목록" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0_%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="자연 재해">자연 재해</a> - <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9E%90%EC%88%98_%EC%88%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%B4_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="사망자수 순 자연재해 목록">사망자수 순 목록</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81" title="기상">기상</a> 재해</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;">고온 기상</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="지구 온난화">지구 온난화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%91%EC%A4%91%ED%98%B8%EC%9A%B0" title="집중호우">집중호우</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EA%B8%B0" title="우기">우기</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A7%88" title="장마">장마</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%87%8C%EC%9A%B0" title="뇌우">뇌우</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%99%EB%A2%B0" title="낙뢰">낙뢰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%97%BC" title="폭염">폭염</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%8D%BC%EC%85%80" title="슈퍼셀">슈퍼셀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95" title="열대 저기압">열대 저기압</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%ED%92%8D" title="태풍">태풍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B8" title="허리케인">허리케인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="사이클론">사이클론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B8" title="하이퍼케인">하이퍼케인</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;">저온 기상</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%ED%95%9C%EB%9E%AD%ED%99%94" title="지구 한랭화">지구 한랭화</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0" title="빙하기">빙하기</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8_%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" title="겨울 폭풍">겨울 폭풍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%B9%99" title="우빙">우빙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%B0%95" title="우박">우박</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EC%95%84%EC%9B%83" title="화이트아웃">화이트아웃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%93%9C" title="블리자드">블리자드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EC%84%A4" title="폭설">폭설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%ED%8C%8C" title="한파">한파</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;">기타 기상</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EA%B0%9C" title="안개">안개</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%B4" title="박무">박무</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%AC%B4" title="연무">연무</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%A8%EA%B7%B8" title="스모그">스모그</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84" title="토네이도">토네이도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" title="폭풍">폭풍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%96%A5%EA%B2%A9%ED%92%8D" title="하향격풍">하향격풍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%AD%84" title="가뭄">가뭄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%89%ED%99%94" title="사막화">사막화</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%9E%98%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" title="모래폭풍">모래폭풍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%82%AC" title="황사">황사</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Red-globe-icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Red-globe-icon.png/100px-Red-globe-icon.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Red-globe-icon.png/150px-Red-globe-icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Red-globe-icon.png/200px-Red-globe-icon.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="426" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99)" title="지질 (지질학)">지질</a> 재해</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%84%A4" title="돌리네">싱크홀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C" title="산사태">산사태</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%88%88%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C" title="눈사태">눈사태</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4" title="크레바스">크레바스</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="조산_운동" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em; height: 3.1em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%B0_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="조산 운동">조산 운동</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EB%8C%80" title="지진대">지진대-화산대</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4-%ED%9E%88%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%95%BC_%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%B0%EB%8C%80" title="알프스-히말라야 조산대">알프스-히말라야 조산대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%98%ED%83%9C%ED%8F%89%EC%96%91_%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%B0%EB%8C%80" title="환태평양 조산대">환태평양 조산대</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진">지진</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="전진 (지진)">전진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="여진 (지진)">여진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%ED%8C%8C" title="P파">P파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%ED%8C%8C" title="S파">S파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="지진 해일">지진 해일</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="화산">화산</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="초화산">초화산</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%ED%99%94_(%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%ED%95%99)" title="분화 (화산학)">분화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%94" title="용암">용암</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0_%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" title="화산 가스">화산 가스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%9E%AC" title="화산재">화산재</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%A5%98" title="화산이류">화산이류</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%87%84%EC%84%A4%EB%A5%98" title="화산쇄설류">화산쇄설류</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%ED%95%B4" title="수해">수해</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%88%98" title="홍수">홍수</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98_%EB%8C%80%EC%A6%9D%EC%8B%9D" title="조류 대증식">조류 대증식</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%A1%B0" title="적조">적조</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%A1%B0" title="녹조">녹조</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%95%B4%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98" title="유해조류">유해조류</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%AF%EB%85%B9%EC%9D%8C" title="갯녹음">갯녹음</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%98%B8_%EB%B0%B1%ED%99%94" title="산호 백화">산호 백화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%8B%88%EB%87%A8" title="엘니뇨">엘니뇨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%88%EB%83%90" title="라니냐">라니냐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%96%91_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%ED%8F%B4" title="인도양 다이폴">인도양 다이폴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%88%98%EB%A9%B4_%EC%83%81%EC%8A%B9" title="해수면 상승">해수면 상승</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC" title="해일">해일</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="지진 해일">지진 해일</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC" title="화재">화재</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%B6%88" title="산불">자연적 산불</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%B3%91" title="질병">질병</a> 재해</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B7%BC" title="기근">기근</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%A9%B8" title="절멸">절멸</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="감염병" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%97%BC%EB%B3%91" title="감염병">감염병</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89%EB%B3%91" title="유행병">유행병</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" title="범유행">범유행</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="우주">우주</a> 재해</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%A9%EB%8F%8C%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="충돌사건">충돌사건</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%99%80_%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%B6%A9%EB%8F%8C" title="안드로메다 은하와 우리 은하의 충돌">안드로메다 은하와 우리 은하의 충돌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="지자기폭풍">지자기폭풍</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%96%B4" title="태양 플레어">태양 플레어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%98_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EB%B0%A9%EC%B6%9C" title="코로나 질량 방출">코로나 질량 방출</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90" title="우주의 종말">우주의 종말</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%A3%BD%EC%9D%8C" title="열죽음">열죽음</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%A8%EB%AA%B0" title="대함몰">대함몰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%85_%EB%A6%BD" title="빅 립">빅 립</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="항성_진화" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em; height: 4em;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="항성 진화">항성 진화</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91#태양의_일생" title="태양">태양 진화</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="초신성" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em; height: 3em;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="초신성">초신성</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="근지구 초신성">근지구 초신성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="극초신성">극초신성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%88%EC%84%A0_%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="감마선 폭발">감마선 폭발</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="지구_관련_주제" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="틀:지구"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:지구 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="특수:문서편집/틀:지구"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="지구_관련_주제" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a> 관련 주제</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">역사</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4" title="지구의 나이">지구의 나이</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="초기 지구 (없는 문서)">초기 지구</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC" title="생명진화사">생명진화사</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="생명진화사 연표">연표</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%91%90%EC%9A%B4_%EC%A0%8A%EC%9D%80_%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91_%EC%97%AD%EC%84%A4" title="어두운 젊은 태양 역설">어두운 젊은 태양 역설</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B0%A8%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B4_%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="차가운 초기 지구 (없는 문서)">차가운 초기 지구</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="태양계의 형성과 진화">태양계의 형성과 진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AF%B8%EB%9E%98" title="지구의 미래">지구의 미래</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="지질 시대">지질 시대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="지구의 진화">지구의 진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="지구의 역사">지구의 역사</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>지리학</li><li>지질학</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="클레로의 정리 (없는 문서)">클레로의 정리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99" title="대륙">대륙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진">지진</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%81%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%B5%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="적도융기 (없는 문서)">적도융기</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B7%B9%EB%8B%A8%EC%A0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지구의 극단점 (없는 문서)">지구의 극단점</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B3%84_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%ED%98%95_%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="태양계 지구형 행성의 지질학 (없는 문서)">태양계 지구형 행성의 지질학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="지구물리학">지구물리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%90_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%A1%A0" title="판 구조론">판 구조론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="지구의 구조">지구의 구조</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EB%8C%80" title="시간대">시간대</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">생태학</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%A0" title="지구의 날">지구의 날</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="지구 온난화">지구 온난화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%B4_%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%97%90_%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" title="인간이 환경에 미치는 영향">인간이 환경에 미치는 영향</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EB%A7%A4%ED%95%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="디지털 매핑 (없는 문서)">이미징</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C_%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84" title="애플 지도">지도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%91%90_%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84" title="바이두 지도">바이두 지도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%B0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="부반">부반</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99_%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="빙 지도">빙 지도</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지구 지도 (없는 문서)">지구 지도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B8%80_%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="구글 어스">구글 어스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B8%80_%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84" title="구글 지도">구글 지도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%82%AC_%EC%9B%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%9C%88%EB%93%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="나사 월드 윈드">나사 월드 윈드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%96%B4" class="mw-disambig" title="히어">히어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%94%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A7%B5" title="오픈스트리트맵">오픈스트리트맵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%A7%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84" title="위키매피아">위키매피아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%A9%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="원격탐사">원격탐사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%BC%ED%9B%84!_%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="야후! 지도 (없는 문서)">야후! 지도</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>예술</li><li>문화</li><li>사회</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94_%EC%86%8D_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="문화 속 지구 (없는 문서)">문화 속 지구</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SF_%EC%86%8D_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SF 속 지구 (없는 문서)">SF 속 지구</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="세계의 역사">세계의 역사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%B2%95" title="국제법">국제법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%92%8D%EA%B2%BD%ED%99%94" title="풍경화">풍경화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="나라 목록">나라 목록</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="세계 경제">세계 경제</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">기타 주제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="생물권">생물권</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84" title="지구의 궤도">지구의 궤도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="지구 트로이군">지구 트로이군</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EB%8F%84" title="황도">황도</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지구의 기 (없는 문서)">지구의 기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EB%A0%A5" title="지구의 중력">중력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0" title="지자기">자기장</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%AC" title="달">달</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1" title="지구의 위성">지구의 위성</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_RH120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 RH120 (없는 문서)">2006 RH120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%94%9C%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4_%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84" title="코르딜레프스키 구름">코르딜레프스키 구름</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B3%84" title="태양계">태양계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%84%EC%B9%98" title="우주에서의 지구의 위치">우주에서의 지구의 위치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84_(%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4)" title="테이아 (천체)">테이아</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="세계재앙위험" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9E%AC%EC%95%99%EC%9C%84%ED%97%98" title="틀:세계재앙위험"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9E%AC%EC%95%99%EC%9C%84%ED%97%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:세계재앙위험 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9E%AC%EC%95%99%EC%9C%84%ED%97%98" title="특수:문서편집/틀:세계재앙위험"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="세계재앙위험" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9E%AC%EC%95%99%EC%9C%84%ED%97%98" title="세계재앙위험">세계재앙위험</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90_%EB%85%BC%EB%B2%95" class="mw-redirect" title="인류 종말 논법">인류 종말 논법</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%A0_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" title="운명의 날 시계">운명의 날 시계</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%EC%A7%80%EB%A7%89_%EB%82%A0_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="마지막 날 문화 (없는 문서)">마지막 날 문화</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%A7%80%EB%A7%89_%EB%82%A0_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B3%84" title="마지막 날 기계">마지막 날 기계</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90%EB%A1%A0" title="종말론">종말론</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012%EB%85%84_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90%EB%A1%A0" title="2012년 종말론">2012년 종말론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88%EA%B2%8C%EB%8F%88" title="하르마게돈">하르마게돈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이슬람의 종말론 (없는 문서)">이슬람의 종말론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EA%B7%B8%EB%82%98%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC" title="라그나로크">라그나로크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B5%EC%8B%9C" title="묵시">아포칼립스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%A7%80%EB%A7%89_%EB%82%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="마지막 날">마지막 날</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B5%9C%ED%9B%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%AC%ED%8C%90" title="최후의 심판">최후의 심판</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9C%A0%EA%B0%80" title="칼리 유가">칼리 유가</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%B2%95" class="mw-redirect" title="말법">말법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%87%BC%EC%BC%80%EB%A0%88%ED%8B%B0" title="프라쇼케레티">프라쇼케레티</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기술적</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%ED%99%95%EC%A6%9D%ED%8C%8C%EA%B4%B4" title="상호확증파괴">상호확증파괴</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EC%A1%B0_%EC%A7%80%EB%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인조 지능 (없는 문서)">인조 지능</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A1%9C%EB%B4%87%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%98%EB%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="로봇의 반란 (없는 문서)">로봇의 반란</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0%EC%A0%81_%ED%8A%B9%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%90" title="기술적 특이점">기술적 특이점</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84_%ED%8F%AD%EA%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="질량 궤도 폭격 (없는 문서)">질량 궤도 폭격</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%9C%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="트랜스휴머니즘">트랜스휴머니즘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">사회학적</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%AC%EC%84%9C%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%AC%EC%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="맬서스의 재앙 (없는 문서)">맬서스의 재앙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%A7%88%EC%84%9C_(%EC%9D%8C%EB%AA%A8%EB%A1%A0)" title="신세계질서 (음모론)">신세계질서</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0_%ED%99%80%EB%A1%9C%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="핵무기 홀로코스트">핵무기 홀로코스트</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EB%B6%95%EA%B4%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사회 붕괴 (없는 문서)">사회 붕괴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C3%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제3차 세계 대전">제3차 세계 대전</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%B9%A8%EA%B3%B5" title="외계의 침공">외계의 침공</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">생태학적</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84_%ED%8C%8C%EA%B4%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="생태계 파괴">생태계 파괴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%B4_%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%97%90%EA%B2%8C_%EB%81%BC%EC%B9%9C_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="인간이 환경에게 끼친 영향">인간이 환경에게 끼친 영향</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BA%90%EC%8A%A4%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC_(%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="캐스케이드 효과 (생태학) (없는 문서)">캐스케이드 효과</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%ED%9A%8D" title="남획">남획</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EC%88%98_%EA%B3%BC%EC%9E%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="개체수 과잉 (없는 문서)">개체수 과잉</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC_%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="인구 폭발">인구 폭발</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%80%EC%B6%95%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EC%88%98_%EA%B3%BC%EC%9E%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="가축의 개체수 과잉 (없는 문서)">가축의 개체수 과잉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AF%B8%EB%9E%98" title="지구의 미래">지구의 미래</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90" title="우주의 종말">우주의 종말</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">생물학적</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%A9%B8" title="절멸">절멸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84_%EB%A9%B8%EC%A2%85" class="mw-redirect" title="인간 멸종">인간 멸종</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%A0%81_%EC%B9%A8%EC%8B%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유전적 침식 (없는 문서)">유전적 침식</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%B4" title="유전자 공해">유전자 공해</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" title="범유행">범유행</a> <ul><li><a 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class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9bpbq","wgBackendResponseTime":268,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"5.944","walltime":"6.412","ppvisitednodes":{"value":32852,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1041855,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5394,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":49,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":318730,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 5271.851 1 -total"," 26.82% 1413.653 1 틀:각주"," 18.63% 981.983 118 틀:저널_인용"," 14.79% 779.743 93 틀:서적_인용"," 11.63% 613.161 411 틀:Harvnb"," 9.80% 516.690 35 틀:Sfn"," 9.31% 490.946 80 틀:웹_인용"," 4.02% 211.782 1 틀:위키데이터_속성_추적"," 3.92% 206.762 1 틀:지구온난화"," 3.78% 199.348 1 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[\"CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_15_January2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_19_April2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_4_Jan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_7_January2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarbon_Brief,_8_October2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCattaneoBeineFröhlichKniveton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarkWeaverBrookCook2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClimate_Focus2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenScreenFurtadoBarlow2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnolly2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCookOreskesDoranAnderegg2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCostelloAbbasAllenBall2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrucifix2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuiSunSongZhu2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurtisSlayHarrisTyukavina2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeContoPollard2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeanMiddelburgRöckmannAerts2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelworthZeng2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDessai2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutschBrixItoFrenzel2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutsche_Welle,_22_June2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiffenbaughBurke2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoneyFabryFeelyKleypas2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunlapMcCright2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunlapMcCright2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEPA2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEPA2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEPA2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEPA2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEUobserver,_20_December2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEuropean_Parliament,_February2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischerAiuppa2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoote1856\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranzkeBarbosaBlenderFredriksen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedlingsteinJonesO\u0026#039;SullivanAndrew2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFyfeMeehlEnglandMann2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFG8+5_Academies2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGSIA2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGabbatissTandon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillLivensPeakman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGleick,_7_January2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoyalEnglandSen_GuptaJucker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrubb2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunningham2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagmannHoLoewenstein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHainesEbi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallegatteBangaloreBonzanigoFay2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansenSatoHeartyRuedy2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarveyVan_den_BergEllersKampen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawkinsOrtegaSucklingSchurer2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaywood2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeWangZhouWild2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilaire_et_al.2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHodderMartin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoldingAllenFosterHsieh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorvathRachlew2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuddleston2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIEA_–_Projected_Costs_of_Generating_Electricity_2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG12007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch12007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch82007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG1_Ch92007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG22007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG2_Ch12007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG2_Ch192007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG32007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG3_Ch12007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Glossary2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_SYR_Summary_for_Policymakers2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG12013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch102013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch122013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch22013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch32013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Ch52013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_A2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_B2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch112014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch132014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch182014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch192014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch282014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch32014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG2_Ch72014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG32014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG3_Ch52014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR5_WG3_Ch92014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG12021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Ch112021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Summary_for_Policymakers2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG1_Technical_Summary2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG32022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_AR6_WG3_Summary_for_Policymakers2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SR152018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch12018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch22018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch32018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch42018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Ch52018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SR15_Summary_for_Policymakers2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch22019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Ch52019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SRCCL_Summary_for_Policymakers2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SROCC2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch32019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch42019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Ch52019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIPCC_SROCC_Summary_for_Policymakers2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJooKimDoLineman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKabirKhanBallCaldwell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaczanOrgill-Meyer2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedyThornePetersonRuedy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnutson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreidenweisHumpenöderStevanovićBodirsky2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrogstrupOman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKvande2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyoto_Protocol1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLapenis1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLenoirBertrandComteBourgeaud2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLetcher2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevermannClarkMarzeionMilne2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiepertPrevidi2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiverman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoebJohnsonThorsenLyman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoeb_et_al.2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynasHoultonPerry2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMachKraanAdgerBuhaug2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthews2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthewsGillettStottZickfeld2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcNeill2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeinshausen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelilloFreyDeAngelisWerner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMercurePollittViñualesEdwards2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchumMastersHamlingtonFasullo2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorecroftDuffieldHarleyPearce-Higgins2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyersDoranCookKotcher2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMüller2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA,_12_September2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA,_16_June2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA,_28_May2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA,_5_December2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA,_7_July2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNOAA,_10_July2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNOAA,_17_June2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNOAA2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Conference_of_State_Legislators,_17_April2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Geographic,_13_August2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatural_Resources_Defense_Council,_29_September2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeukomBarbozaErbShi2019b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeukomSteigerGómez-NavarroWang2019a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlivierPeters2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOreskes2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOreskesConway2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOur_World_in_Data,_18_September2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOur_World_in_Data-Why_did_renewables_become_so_cheap_so_fast?\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO’NeillBoykoff2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParis_Agreement2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearcePrater2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPew2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolitico,_11_December2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoloczanskaBrownSydemanKiessling2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPoyntingRivault2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFREN212020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRahmstorfCazenaveChurchHansen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamanathanCarmichael2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandelShineAustinBarnett2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaunerBauerDirnaichnerVan_Dingenen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitchieRoser2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogeljForsterKrieglerSmith2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogeljMeinshausenSchaefferKnutti2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyal_Society2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRusevaHedrickMarlandTovar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalon,_25_September2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamsetSandSmithBauer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandBerntsenvon_SalzenFlanner2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidtRuedyMillerLacis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidtShindellTsigaridis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSepulvedaJenkinsDe_SisternesLester2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerdecznyAdamsBaarschCoumou2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSetzerByrnes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaftel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharifi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmaleWernbergOliverThomsen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithLeiserowitz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithSchneiderOppenheimerYohe2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithsonian,_26_June2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpringmannMason-D’CrozRobinsonGarnett2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephensBellLawrence2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStorelvmoPhillipsLohmannLeirvik2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStover2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStroeveHollandMeierScambos2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStudholmeFedorovGulevEmanuel2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSurminskiBouwerLinnerooth-Bayer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuttonDongGregory2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeske,_ed.2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeske2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeskePreggerNaeglerSimon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian,_17_May2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian,_19_February2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian,_19_March2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian,_26_January2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian,_28_November2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian,_28_October2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian,_6_April2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times,_25_May2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Sustainability_Consortium,_13_September2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Verge,_27_December2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuretskyAbbottJonesAnthony2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnerCalderCummingHughes2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTwomey1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyndall1861\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNEP2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNFCCC,_\u0026quot;What_are_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conferences?\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNFCCC,_\u0026quot;What_is_the_United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change?\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNFCCC_Press_Office2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNHCR2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUN_Environment,_25_October2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSA_Today,_21_November2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSGCRP2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSGCRP2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_12017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_152017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_22017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSGCRP_Chapter_92017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSGCRP_Climate_Science_Supplement2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnion_of_Concerned_Scientists,_8_January2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrban2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_OldenborghPhilipKewVautard2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVandyckKeramidasKitousSpadaro2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVice,_2_May2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVox,_20_September2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWHO,_Nov2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWHO2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWMO2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWangShugartLerdau2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattsAdgerAgnolucciBlackstock2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattsAmannArnellAyeb-Karlsson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeart2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWildGilgenRoeschOhmura2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsCeppiKatavouta2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolffShepherdShuckburghWatson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_31_March2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_8_August2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_8_December2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Resources_Institute,_December2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYale_Climate_Connections,_2_November2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeo2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZengYoon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangLindsaySteeleSchweiger2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhaoLiuPiaoWang2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_SchuckmanChengPalmerHansen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF미국_해양대기청\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"CO2\"] = 5,\n [\"Citec\"] = 1,\n [\"HAL\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 145,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 415,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 1,\n [\"Llang\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 35,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Snf\"] = 1,\n [\"Thinsp\"] = 1,\n [\"각주\"] = 1,\n [\"깨진 링크\"] = 1,\n [\"뉴스 인용\"] = 28,\n [\"다른 뜻\"] = 1,\n [\"범례\"] = 4,\n [\"보고서 인용\"] = 22,\n [\"보도자료 인용\"] = 1,\n [\"본문\"] = 17,\n [\"서적 인용\"] = 93,\n [\"세계 변동 위험\"] = 1,\n [\"앵커\"] = 1,\n [\"언어링크\"] = 1,\n [\"영상 인용\"] = 1,\n [\"웨이백\"] = 2,\n [\"웹 인용\"] = 80,\n [\"위키공용분류-줄\"] = 1,\n [\"위키데이터 속성 추적\"] = 1,\n [\"인용\"] = 5,\n [\"자연재해\"] = 1,\n [\"잡지 인용\"] = 1,\n [\"저널 인용\"] = 118,\n [\"전거 통제\"] = 1,\n [\"지구\"] = 1,\n [\"지구온난화\"] = 1,\n [\"참고\"] = 6,\n [\"참고 자료 끝\"] = 4,\n [\"참고 자료 시작\"] = 4,\n [\"콘퍼런스 인용\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","480","13.1"],["recursiveClone 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