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Kosmos 2232 - Wikipedia

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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Kosmos 2232</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Early warning">Early warning</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1993-006A">1993-006A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3397862#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">22321</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">4 years <sup id="cite_ref-Podvig-History_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podvig-History-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US-K" title="US-K">US-K</a><sup id="cite_ref-gunter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1,900 kilograms (4,200&#160;lb)<sup id="cite_ref-nasa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1993, 15:55<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtstart">1993-01-26UTC15:55Z</span>)</span>&#160;UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_2BL" title="Blok 2BL">2BL</a><sup id="cite_ref-gunter_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a><sup id="cite_ref-gunter_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference&#160;system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data">Molniya <sup id="cite_ref-gunter_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">614 kilometres (382&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-McDowell_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">39,734 kilometres (24,690&#160;mi)<sup id="cite_ref-McDowell_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">62.7 degrees<sup id="cite_ref-McDowell_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">717.64 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-McDowell_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kosmos 2232</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Космос 2232</span> meaning <i>Cosmos 2232</i>) is a Russian <a href="/wiki/US-K" title="US-K">US-K</a> missile <a href="/wiki/Early_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Early warning">early warning</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> which was launched in 1993 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">Russian Space Forces</a>' <a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">Oko</a> programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using <a href="/wiki/Optical_telescope" title="Optical telescope">optical telescopes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrared_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrared sensor">infrared sensors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gunter_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kosmos 2232 was launched from <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_16" class="mw-redirect" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 16">Site 16/2</a> at <a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a> in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-LaunchLog_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaunchLog-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a> carrier rocket with a <a href="/wiki/Blok_2BL" title="Blok 2BL">2BL</a> upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 15:55 UTC on 26 January 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The launch successfully placed the satellite into a <a href="/wiki/Molniya_orbit" title="Molniya orbit">molniya orbit</a>. It subsequently received its <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(satellite)" title="Kosmos (satellite)">Kosmos</a> designation, and the <a href="/wiki/International_designator" class="mw-redirect" title="International designator">international designator</a> 1993-006A.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">United States Space Command</a> assigned it the <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">Satellite Catalog Number</a> 22321.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2232&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2251%E2%80%932500)" title="List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)">List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_R-7_launches_(1990%E2%80%931994)" title="List of R-7 launches (1990–1994)">List of R-7 launches (1990–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_spaceflight" title="1993 in spaceflight">1993 in spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oko_satellites" title="List of Oko satellites">List of Oko satellites</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2232&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Podvig-History-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Podvig-History_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPodvig2002" class="citation journal cs1">Podvig, Pavel (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315024323/http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20734/Podvig-S%26GS.pdf">"History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science and Global Security</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 21–60. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002S&amp;GS...10...21P">2002S&#38;GS...10...21P</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.6127">10.1.1.692.6127</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08929880212328">10.1080/08929880212328</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0892-9882">0892-9882</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122901563">122901563</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20734/Podvig-S&amp;GS.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science+and+Global+Security&amp;rft.atitle=History+and+the+Current+Status+of+the+Russian+Early-Warning+System&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=21-60&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A122901563%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002S%26GS...10...21P&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.6127%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft.issn=0892-9882&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08929880212328&amp;rft.aulast=Podvig&amp;rft.aufirst=Pavel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiis-db.stanford.edu%2Fpubs%2F20734%2FPodvig-S%26GS.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKosmos+2232" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunter-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gunter_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunter_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunter_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunter_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunter_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/us-k.htm">"US-K (73D6)"</a>. Gunter's Space Page. 2012-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=US-K+%2873D6%29&amp;rft.pub=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&amp;rft.date=2012-03-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fus-k.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKosmos+2232" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasa_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1993-006A">"Cosmos 2232"</a>. National Space Science Data Centre. 2012-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cosmos+2232&amp;rft.pub=National+Space+Science+Data+Centre&amp;rft.date=2012-04-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1993-006A&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKosmos+2232" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDowell-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McDowell_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDowell_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDowell_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDowell_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell" class="citation web cs1">McDowell, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt">"Satellite Catalog"</a>. <i>Jonathan's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Jonathan%27s+Space+Page&amp;rft.atitle=Satellite+Catalog&amp;rft.aulast=McDowell&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanet4589.org%2Fspace%2Flog%2Fsatcat.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKosmos+2232" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaunchLog-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaunchLog_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell" class="citation web cs1">McDowell, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt">"Launch Log"</a>. <i>Jonathan's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oko" title="Template:Oko"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oko" title="Template talk:Oko"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oko" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oko"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oko_programme" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">Oko</a> programme</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/US-K" title="US-K">US-K</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_520" title="Kosmos 520">Kosmos 520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_606" title="Kosmos 606">Kosmos 606</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_665" title="Kosmos 665">Kosmos 665</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_706" title="Kosmos 706">Kosmos 706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_862" title="Kosmos 862">Kosmos 862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_903" title="Kosmos 903">Kosmos 903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_917" title="Kosmos 917">Kosmos 917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_931" title="Kosmos 931">Kosmos 931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1024" title="Kosmos 1024">Kosmos 1024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1030" title="Kosmos 1030">Kosmos 1030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1109" title="Kosmos 1109">Kosmos 1109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1124" title="Kosmos 1124">Kosmos 1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1164" title="Kosmos 1164">Kosmos 1164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1172" title="Kosmos 1172">Kosmos 1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1188" title="Kosmos 1188">Kosmos 1188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1191" title="Kosmos 1191">Kosmos 1191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1217" title="Kosmos 1217">Kosmos 1217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1223" title="Kosmos 1223">Kosmos 1223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1247" title="Kosmos 1247">Kosmos 1247</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1261" title="Kosmos 1261">Kosmos 1261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1278" title="Kosmos 1278">Kosmos 1278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1285" title="Kosmos 1285">Kosmos 1285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1317" title="Kosmos 1317">Kosmos 1317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1341" title="Kosmos 1341">Kosmos 1341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1348" title="Kosmos 1348">Kosmos 1348</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1367" title="Kosmos 1367">Kosmos 1367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1382" title="Kosmos 1382">Kosmos 1382</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1409" title="Kosmos 1409">Kosmos 1409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1456" title="Kosmos 1456">Kosmos 1456</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1481" title="Kosmos 1481">Kosmos 1481</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1518" title="Kosmos 1518">Kosmos 1518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1541" title="Kosmos 1541">Kosmos 1541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1547" title="Kosmos 1547">Kosmos 1547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1569" title="Kosmos 1569">Kosmos 1569</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1581" title="Kosmos 1581">Kosmos 1581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1586" title="Kosmos 1586">Kosmos 1586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1596" title="Kosmos 1596">Kosmos 1596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1604" title="Kosmos 1604">Kosmos 1604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1658" title="Kosmos 1658">Kosmos 1658</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1661" title="Kosmos 1661">Kosmos 1661</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1675" title="Kosmos 1675">Kosmos 1675</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1684" title="Kosmos 1684">Kosmos 1684</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1687" title="Kosmos 1687">Kosmos 1687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1698" title="Kosmos 1698">Kosmos 1698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1701" title="Kosmos 1701">Kosmos 1701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1729" title="Kosmos 1729">Kosmos 1729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1761" title="Kosmos 1761">Kosmos 1761</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1774" title="Kosmos 1774">Kosmos 1774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1783" title="Kosmos 1783">Kosmos 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1785" title="Kosmos 1785">Kosmos 1785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1793" title="Kosmos 1793">Kosmos 1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1806" title="Kosmos 1806">Kosmos 1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1849" title="Kosmos 1849">Kosmos 1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1851" title="Kosmos 1851">Kosmos 1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1903" title="Kosmos 1903">Kosmos 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1922" title="Kosmos 1922">Kosmos 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1966" title="Kosmos 1966">Kosmos 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1974" title="Kosmos 1974">Kosmos 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1977" title="Kosmos 1977">Kosmos 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2001" title="Kosmos 2001">Kosmos 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2050" title="Kosmos 2050">Kosmos 2050</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2063" title="Kosmos 2063">Kosmos 2063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2076" title="Kosmos 2076">Kosmos 2076</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2084" title="Kosmos 2084">Kosmos 2084</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2087" title="Kosmos 2087">Kosmos 2087</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2097" title="Kosmos 2097">Kosmos 2097</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2105" title="Kosmos 2105">Kosmos 2105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2176" title="Kosmos 2176">Kosmos 2176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2196" title="Kosmos 2196">Kosmos 2196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2217" title="Kosmos 2217">Kosmos 2217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2222" title="Kosmos 2222">Kosmos 2222</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kosmos 2232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2241" title="Kosmos 2241">Kosmos 2241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2261" title="Kosmos 2261">Kosmos 2261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2286" title="Kosmos 2286">Kosmos 2286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2312" title="Kosmos 2312">Kosmos 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2340" title="Kosmos 2340">Kosmos 2340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2342" title="Kosmos 2342">Kosmos 2342</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2351" title="Kosmos 2351">Kosmos 2351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2368" title="Kosmos 2368">Kosmos 2368</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2388" title="Kosmos 2388">Kosmos 2388</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2393" title="Kosmos 2393">Kosmos 2393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2422" title="Kosmos 2422">Kosmos 2422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2430" title="Kosmos 2430">Kosmos 2430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2446" title="Kosmos 2446">Kosmos 2446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2469" title="Kosmos 2469">Kosmos 2469</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/US-KS" title="US-KS">US-KS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_775" title="Kosmos 775">Kosmos 775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1546" title="Kosmos 1546">Kosmos 1546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1629" title="Kosmos 1629">Kosmos 1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1894" title="Kosmos 1894">Kosmos 1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2155" title="Kosmos 2155">Kosmos 2155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2209" title="Kosmos 2209">Kosmos 2209</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2345" title="Kosmos 2345">Kosmos 2345</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/US-KMO" title="US-KMO">US-KMO</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2133" title="Kosmos 2133">Kosmos 2133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2224" title="Kosmos 2224">Kosmos 2224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2282" title="Kosmos 2282">Kosmos 2282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2350" title="Kosmos 2350">Kosmos 2350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2379" title="Kosmos 2379">Kosmos 2379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2397" title="Kosmos 2397">Kosmos 2397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2440" title="Kosmos 2440">Kosmos 2440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2479" title="Kosmos 2479">Kosmos 2479</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oko_satellites" title="List of Oko satellites">List of satellites</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1992Orbital_launches_in_19931994_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1993" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1993"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1993" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1993"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1993" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1993"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1992Orbital_launches_in_19931994_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1992_in_spaceflight" title="1992 in spaceflight">← 1992</a></div><a href="/wiki/1993_in_spaceflight" title="1993 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1993</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1994_in_spaceflight" title="1994 in spaceflight">1994 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2230&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2230 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2230</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_1-85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 1-85 (page does not exist)">Molniya 1-85</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-54" title="STS-54">STS-54</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/TDRS-6" title="TDRS-6">TDRS-6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2231&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2231 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2231</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16" title="Soyuz TM-16">Soyuz TM-16</a></u></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kosmos 2232</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA-88" title="USA-88">USA-88</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2233&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2233 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCD-1" class="mw-redirect" title="SCD-1">SCD-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_CDS-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm CDS-1 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm CDS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2234&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2234 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2234</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2235&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2235 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2235</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2236&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2236 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">Asuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-16" title="Progress M-16">Progress M-16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.42L&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran&#39; No.42L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.42L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EKA-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="EKA-1 (page does not exist)">EKA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UFO_F-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="UFO F-1 (page does not exist)">UFO F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2237&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2237 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-90" title="USA-90">USA-90</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SEDS-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="SEDS-1 (page does not exist)">SEDS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2238&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2238 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-17" title="Progress M-17">Progress M-17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2239&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2239 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2239</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2240&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2240 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2241" title="Kosmos 2241">Kosmos 2241</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARTAN_201&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARTAN 201 (page does not exist)">SPARTAN 201</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2242&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2242 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2242</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.57&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.57 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Array_of_Low_Energy_X-ray_Imaging_Sensors" title="Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors">ALEXIS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbcomm_CDS-2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbcomm CDS-2 (page does not exist)">Orbcomm CDS-2</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-55" title="STS-55">STS-55</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2243&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2243 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2243</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2244&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2244 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2244</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2245&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2245 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2245</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2246&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2246 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2246</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2247&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2247 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2247</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2248&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2248 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2248</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2249&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2249 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2249</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2250&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2250 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_1C" title="Astra 1C">Astra 1C</a>, Arsene</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-91" title="USA-91">USA-91</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F2_No.9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F2 No.9 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F2 No.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-18" title="Progress M-18">Progress M-18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1T_No.81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1T No.81 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1T No.81</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.39L&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.39L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.39L</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2251" title="Kosmos 2251">Kosmos 2251</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2252&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2252 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2252</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2253&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2253 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2253</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2254&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2254 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2254</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2255&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2255 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2255</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2256&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2256 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2256</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2257&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2257 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2257</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HGS-4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="HGS-4 (page does not exist)">Galaxy 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F1_No.57&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F1 No.57 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F1 No.57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcal" class="mw-redirect" title="Radcal">Radcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-92" title="USA-92">USA-92</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasma_Motor_Generator&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasma Motor Generator (page does not exist)">PMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-17" title="Soyuz TM-17">Soyuz TM-17</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2258&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2258 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2258</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2259&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2259 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2259</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-93 (page does not exist)">USA-93</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2260&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2260 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_1B" title="Hispasat 1B">Hispasat 1B</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSAT-2B" title="INSAT-2B">INSAT-2B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_IV_K-11&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan IV K-11 (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_IV_K-11&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan IV K-11 (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_IV_K-11&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan IV K-11 (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLDCOM-3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="SLDCOM-3 (page does not exist)">SLDCOM-3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.58&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.58 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA-13" title="NOAA-13">NOAA-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2261" title="Kosmos 2261">Kosmos 2261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-19" title="Progress M-19">Progress M-19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resurs-F1_No.56&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resurs-F1 No.56 (page does not exist)">Resurs-F1 No.56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-94" title="USA-94">USA-94</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-2_No.24&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-2 No.24 (page does not exist)">Meteor-2 No.24</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temisat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Temisat (page does not exist)">Temisat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-95 (page does not exist)">USA-95</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2262&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2262 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2262</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-51" title="STS-51">STS-51</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Advanced_Communications_Technology_Satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Communications Technology Satellite">ACTS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ORFEUS-SPAS&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ORFEUS-SPAS (page does not exist)">ORFEUS-SPAS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2263&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2263 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2263</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2264&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2264 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2264</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IRS-P1" class="mw-redirect" title="IRS-P1">IRS-P1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPOT-3" class="mw-redirect" title="SPOT-3">SPOT-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starlette_and_Stella" title="Starlette and Stella">Stella</a>, <a href="/wiki/KITSAT-2" title="KITSAT-2">KITSAT-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itamsat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Itamsat (page does not exist)">Itamsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eyesat-1" title="Eyesat-1">Eyesat-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/PoSAT-1" title="PoSAT-1">PoSAT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthsat-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthsat-2">Healthsat-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_41L&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran&#39; 41L (page does not exist)">Gran' 41L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Landsat_6" title="Landsat 6">Landsat 6</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanhui_Shi_Weixing_15&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing 15 (page does not exist)">FSW-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-20" title="Progress M-20">Progress M-20</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-58" title="STS-58">STS-58</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_701" title="Intelsat 701">Intelsat 701</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2265&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2265 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-96" title="USA-96">USA-96</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.40L&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.40L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.40L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2266&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2266 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2266</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2267&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2267 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2267</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LMI_AP-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="LMI AP-1 (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.41L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidaridad_2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Solidaridad 2 (page does not exist)">Solidaridad 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteosat_6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteosat 6 (page does not exist)">Meteosat 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-97 (page does not exist)">USA-97</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-98 (page does not exist)">USA-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_401" title="Telstar 401">Telstar 401</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DirecTV-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="DirecTV-1 (page does not exist)">DirecTV-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thaicom_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaicom 1">Thaicom 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_1-87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 1-87 (page does not exist)">Molniya 1-87</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐f5bbbd474‐ws46l Cached time: 20241128023813 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.468 seconds Real time usage: 0.607 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1696/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63122/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2210/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44300/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.319/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19042584/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 520.675 1 -total 46.72% 243.234 5 Template:Infobox 32.37% 168.538 1 Template:Infobox_spaceflight 22.95% 119.516 1 Template:Langx 18.57% 96.675 2 Template:Navbox 16.52% 86.026 1 Template:Oko 15.16% 78.937 1 Template:Cite_journal 5.71% 29.716 3 Template:Convert 4.66% 24.271 4 Template:Cite_web 3.19% 16.599 1 Template:Orbital_launches_in_1993 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35865515-0!canonical and timestamp 20241128023813 and revision id 1253151123. 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