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<li id="toc-Pre-colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>After independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_common_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_common_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Timeline of common times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_common_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IANA_time_zone_database" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IANA_time_zone_database"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>IANA time zone database</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IANA_time_zone_database-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Myanmar Standard Time</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ম্যানমাৰ মান সময় – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ম্যানমাৰ মান সময়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="মিয়ানমার মান সময় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিয়ানমার মান সময়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%8F%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%81" title="Χειμερινή Ώρα Μιανμάρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χειμερινή Ώρα Μιανμάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmarreko_Ordu_Estandarra" title="Myanmarreko Ordu Estandarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Myanmarreko Ordu Estandarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زمان استاندارد میانمار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمان استاندارد میانمار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_Standar_Myanmar" title="Waktu Standar Myanmar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Waktu Standar Myanmar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%85%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="မြန်မာ စံတော်ချိန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြန်မာ စံတော်ချိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82" title="ミャンマー標準時 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミャンマー標準時" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%A1%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB" title="မျန်မာအခိန်ႏအွိုင်ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မျန်မာအခိန်ႏအွိုင်ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B6%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%81%A2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="လၵ်းၸဵင်ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်း မျၢၼ်ႇမႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လၵ်းၸဵင်ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်း မျၢၼ်ႇမႃႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="เวลามาตรฐานพม่า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวลามาตรฐานพม่า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_Standart_Saati" title="Myanmar Standart Saati – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Myanmar Standart Saati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="میانمار معیاری وقت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میانمار معیاری وقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9D_chu%E1%BA%A9n_Myanmar" title="Giờ chuẩn Myanmar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giờ chuẩn Myanmar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="缅甸标准时间 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="缅甸标准时间" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Time zone</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1046119364">.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone td,.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .mergedtoprow .infobox-label{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .infobox-subheader{background-color:#ccf;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .infobox-header{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-time-zone .infobox-label{background-color:#e6e6ff}</style><table class="infobox ib-time-zone vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">UTC+06:30</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MMT-TZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Myanmar Standard Time" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MMT-TZ.jpg/300px-MMT-TZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="466" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MMT-TZ.jpg/450px-MMT-TZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MMT-TZ.jpg/600px-MMT-TZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="1285" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">UTC offset</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">UTC</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B6:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+6:30">UTC+6:30</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Current time</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">22:21, 1 March 2025 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">MMT</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:85%;">[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myanmar_Standard_Time&action=purge">refresh</a>]</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Central <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridian</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Date-time_group" title="Date-time group">Date-time group</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Myanmar Standard Time</b> ( <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: <span lang="my">မြန်မာ စံတော်ချိန်</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="my-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">[mjəmà<span class="wrap"> </span>sàɰ̃dɔ̀dʑèiɰ̃]</a></span>), formerly <b>Burma Standard Time</b> (<b>BST</b>), is the <a href="/wiki/Standard_time" title="Standard time">standard time</a> in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, 6.5 hours ahead of <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>. Myanmar Standard Time (MMT) is calculated on the basis of 97°30′E <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mff_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MMT is used all year round, as Myanmar does not observe <a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">daylight saving time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USNAO-262_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNAO-262-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alanpya_Pagoda.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alanpya_Pagoda.png/220px-Alanpya_Pagoda.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alanpya_Pagoda.png/330px-Alanpya_Pagoda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alanpya_Pagoda.png/440px-Alanpya_Pagoda.png 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Alanpya_Pagoda" title="Alanpya Pagoda">Alanpya "Signal" Pagoda</a> in Rangoon/Yangon in 1855. The <a href="/wiki/Time_ball" title="Time ball">time ball</a> attached to the top of the pagoda by the British is visible.<sup id="cite_ref-rk-2020-544_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rk-2020-544-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_period">Pre-colonial period</h3></div> <p>Myanmar did not have a standard time before the <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British colonial period</a>. Each region kept its own <a href="/wiki/Local_mean_time" title="Local mean time">local mean time</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a> rules: sunrise, noon, sunset and midnight.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day was divided into eight 3-hour segments called <i>baho</i> (ဗဟို), or sixty 24-minute segments called <i>nayi</i> (နာရီ). Although the calendar consists of time units down to the millisecond level, the popular usage never extended beyond <i>baho</i> and at most <i>nayi</i> measurements; a gong was struck every <i>nayi</i> while a drum (စည်) and a large bell (ခေါင်းလောင်း) were struck to mark every <i>baho</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-jcc-57_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcc-57-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100">Type </th> <th width="100">Time </th> <th width="100">Burmese name </th> <th width="300">Description </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Day</td> <td>1 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">နံနက် တစ်ချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>midway between sunrise and midday </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">နေ့ နှစ်ချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>noon (midday) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">နေ့ သုံးချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>midway between noon and sunset </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">နေ့ လေးချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>sunset </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Night</td> <td>1 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ည တစ်ချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>midway between sunset and midnight </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ည နှစ်ချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>midnight </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ည သုံးချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>midway between midnight and sunrise </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 o'clock</td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">နံနက် လေးချက်တီး</span></span></td> <td>sunrise </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Time_Zone_Chart_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/World_Time_Zone_Chart_1942.jpg/400px-World_Time_Zone_Chart_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/World_Time_Zone_Chart_1942.jpg/600px-World_Time_Zone_Chart_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/World_Time_Zone_Chart_1942.jpg/800px-World_Time_Zone_Chart_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7865" data-file-height="3838" /></a><figcaption>Burma at 6:30 ahead of the GMT on this 1928 world map of time zones</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of a common time began in <a href="/wiki/British_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="British Burma">British Burma</a> in the late 19th century. The first confirmed mention of Rangoon Mean Time (RMT) at <a href="/wiki/GMT" class="mw-redirect" title="GMT">GMT</a>+6:24:40<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being in use was in 1892,<sup id="cite_ref-rk-2020-544-545_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rk-2020-544-545-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a year before the country's first <a href="/wiki/Time_ball" title="Time ball">time ball</a> observatory<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was opened in <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a> (Yangon) on 1 October 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-bbp-27_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbp-27-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rk-2021-445_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rk-2021-445-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the use of RMT as the common time, at least in some sectors, most probably started earlier. (The country's first rail service, between Rangoon and <a href="/wiki/Pyay" title="Pyay">Prome</a> (Pyay), began on 2 May 1877,<sup id="cite_ref-cb-336_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cb-336-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the non-authoritative <a href="/wiki/Tz_database" title="Tz database">IANA time zone database</a> says RMT was introduced in 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-iana_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iana-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) On 1 July 1905,<sup id="cite_ref-re-346_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-re-346-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-us-bs-3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-bs-3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a new standard time called Burma Standard Time (BST) at GMT+6:30—set to the longitude 97° 30' E, and 5 minutes and 20 seconds ahead of RMT—was first adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmar Railways">Railways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanma_Posts_and_Telecommunications" title="Myanma Posts and Telecommunications">Telegraph</a> administrations.<sup id="cite_ref-re-346_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-re-346-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usno-v_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usno-v-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the rest of the country came to adopt BST, RMT continued to be used in the city of Rangoon at least to 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1930, however, BST apparently had been adopted in Rangoon as well.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The standard time was changed to <a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">Japan Standard Time</a> (JST) during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Japanese occupation</a> of the country (1942–1945) in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-tz_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tz-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_independence">After independence</h3></div> <p>The standard time was reverted to GMT+6:30 after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-tz_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tz-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has remained ever since, even after the country's independence in 1948. The only change has been its name in English; the official English name has been changed to Myanmar Standard Time<sup id="cite_ref-mff_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presumably since 1989 when the country's name in English was changed from Burma to Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country does not observe a daylight saving time.<sup id="cite_ref-USNAO-262_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNAO-262-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_common_times">Timeline of common times</h2></div> <table width="100%" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Offset from <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Rangoon Mean Time</td> <td>2 May 1877? – 30 June 1905</td> <td>UTC+6:24:40</td> <td>Standard time for British Burma from at least 1892 to 30 June 1905. Continued to be used in Rangoon (Yangon) at least to 1927<sup id="cite_ref-usni-723_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usni-723-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perhaps until 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-rk-2020-545_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rk-2020-545-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burma Standard Time</td> <td>1 July 1905 – 30 April 1942</td> <td>UTC+6:30:00</td> <td>First adopted by Railways and Telegraph offices in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-re-346_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-re-346-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usno-v_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usno-v-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The October 2021 IANA database says it was introduced in 1920<sup id="cite_ref-tz_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tz-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but does not provide a source. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">Japan Standard Time</a></td> <td>1 May 1942 – 2 May 1945</td> <td>UTC+09:00:00</td> <td>Standard time during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Japanese occupation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burma/Myanmar Standard Time</td> <td>3 May 1945 – present</td> <td>UTC+06:30:00</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IANA_time_zone_database">IANA time zone database</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/IANA_time_zone_database" class="mw-redirect" title="IANA time zone database">IANA time zone database</a> contains one <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">time zone</a> named <a href="/wiki/Asia/Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Yangon">Asia/Yangon</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a><sup id="cite_ref-tz_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tz-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Country_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Code">Country Code</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinates">Coordinates</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Zone">Time Zone</a> </th> <th>Comments </th> <th><a href="/wiki/UTC_offset" title="UTC offset">UTC offset</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Daylight_savings_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Daylight savings time">UTC DST offset</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">MM</a> </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Myanmar_Standard_Time&params=16.79543_N_96.15051_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°47′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°09′02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.79543°N 96.15051°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.79543; 96.15051</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Yangon" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Yangon">Asia/Yangon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia/Rangoon">Asia/Rangoon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:30" title="UTC+06:30">+06:30</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Clancy 1906: 57): The Burmese calendar recognizes two types of day: astronomical and <a href="/wiki/Civil_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil day">civil</a>. The mean Burmese astronomical day is from midnight to midnight, and represents 1/30th of a <a href="/wiki/Synodic_month" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic month">synodic month</a> or 23 hours, 37 minutes and 28.08 seconds. The civil day comprises two halves, the first half beginning at sunrise and the second half at sunset.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The time offset of 6:24:40 was the time used by the official time signal station in Rangoon per (Kinns 2020: 545) and the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">Admiralty</a> (Admiralty 1895: 27); it was confirmed by the US Naval Intelligence report (USNI 1928: 723). <br /> The IANA database (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iana.org/time-zones">https://www.iana.org/time-zones</a>, version 2021e, released on 2021-10-21) gives 6:24:47, citing a secondary source (Reed and Low, The Indian Year Book, 1936–37, pp. 27–28); to be sure, the maintainers of the database do state that "this file is by no means authoritative." The 6:24:47 figure of (Reed and Low) may have been a typographical error from the 6:24:37 time given in (Indian Railway Board 1906: 7) which states that "... in Burma 6 1/2 hours ahead of Greenwich and 5 minutes 23 [sic] seconds earlier than Rangoon time." The Railway Board's 6:24:37 is likely false as the Admiralty records from 1898 to 1922 all say the official Rangoon time (per Kinns 2020: 545) was 6:24:40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Kinns 2020: 544): The British apparently were using a local pagoda (later came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Alanpya_Pagoda" title="Alanpya Pagoda">Signal Pagoda</a>) in Rangoon for signaling at least since 1855, three years after their <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Second Anglo-Burmese War">annexation of Lower Burma</a>; but "no supporting evidence of a Rangoon time signal has been found in notices prior to 1893."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An April 1927 dispatch by the US Naval Intelligence (USNI 1928: 723) says that the whole country, except Rangoon, used the standard time, GMT+6:30, while the city of Rangoon still used Rangoon Mean Time, which was 5 minutes 20 seconds behind Burma Standard Time (or GMT+6:24:40).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Kinns 2020: 545): the UK Admiralty records show that the time ball at the Rangoon time signal station was dropped twice each day, once at GMT+17:30:00 for 00:00:00 BST (i.e. GMT+6:30:00) and also at GMT+17:35:20 for 00:00:00 RMT (i.e. GMT+6:24:40); it was only in 1930 that the time ball at Rangoon was dropped for the standard time (GMT+6:30:00).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mff-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mff_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mff_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MFF 2002: 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USNAO-262-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USNAO-262_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USNAO-262_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">USNAO 2013: 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rk-2020-544-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rk-2020-544_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinns 2020: 544</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jcc-57-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jcc-57_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clancy 1906: 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rk-2020-544-545-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rk-2020-544-545_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinns 2020: 544–545</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbp-27-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbp-27_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hydrographic 1895: 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rk-2021-445-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rk-2021-445_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinns 2021: 445</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cb-336-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cb-336_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chailley-Bert 1894: 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iana-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iana_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IANA TZ October 2021: Burma/Myanmar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-re-346-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-re-346_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-re-346_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-re-346_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">RE 1906: 346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-bs-3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-us-bs-3_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USBS 1935: 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usno-v-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usno-v_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usno-v_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">USNO 1906: Volume IV, Appendix II, v</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tz-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tz_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tz_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tz_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tz_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">IANA October 2021: Burma/Myanmar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBC News 2 December 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usni-723-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usni-723_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USNI 1928: 723</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rk-2020-545-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rk-2020-545_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinns 2020: 545</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yangon</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output 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Chiang Mai: National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand: <span class="nowrap">523–</span>552. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JAHH...23..523K">2020JAHH...23..523K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2020.03.05">10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2020.03.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256563687">256563687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Astronomical+History+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=Time+Signals+for+Mariners+in+India%2C+Burma+and+Ceylon&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E523-%3C%2Fspan%3E552&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A256563687%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2020.03.05&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020JAHH...23..523K&rft.aulast=Kinns&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.narit.or.th%2Ffiles%2FJAHH%2F2020JAHHvol23%2F2020JAHH...23..523K.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKinns2021" class="citation book cs1">Kinns, Roger (2021). "Time Signals for Mariners in Southeast Asia: Time Balls, Discs, Bells, Guns and Lights". In Wayne Orchiston; Mayank N. Vahia (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aUw2EAAAQBAJ"><i>Exploring the History of Southeast Asian Astronomy: A Review of Current Projects and Future Prospects and Possibilities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland" title="Cham, Switzerland">Cham, Switzerland</a>: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-62776-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-62776-8"><bdi>978-3-030-62776-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Time+Signals+for+Mariners+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Time+Balls%2C+Discs%2C+Bells%2C+Guns+and+Lights&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+History+of+Southeast+Asian+Astronomy%3A+A+Review+of+Current+Projects+and+Future+Prospects+and+Possibilities&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-030-62776-8&rft.aulast=Kinns&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaUw2EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Railway_Board_of_India1906" class="citation book cs1">The Railway Board of India (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qJA-AQAAMAAJ"><i>Administration Report on the Railways in India for the Calendar Year 1905</i></a>. Simla: Manager of Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Administration+Report+on+the+Railways+in+India+for+the+Calendar+Year+1905&rft.place=Simla&rft.pub=Manager+of+Publications.&rft.date=1906&rft.au=The+Railway+Board+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqJA-AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnion_of_Myanmar_Ministry_of_Information2002" class="citation book cs1">Union of Myanmar Ministry of Information (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iXCyAAAAIAAJ"><i>Myanmar: Facts and Figures</i></a>. Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myanmar%3A+Facts+and+Figures&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Information%2C+Union+of+Myanmar&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Union+of+Myanmar+Ministry+of+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiXCyAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_National_Bureau_of_Standards1935" class="citation book cs1">United States National Bureau of Standards (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2w8kqYGR5q8C"><i>Standard Time Throughout the World</i></a>. Washington: United States Department of Commerce.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Time+Throughout+the+World&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Commerce&rft.date=1935&rft.au=United+States+National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2w8kqYGR5q8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Nautical_Almanac_Office2013" class="citation book cs1">United States Nautical Almanac Office (17 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi3A8_DCvAcC"><i>The Nautical Almanac for the Year 2014</i></a>. Government Printing Office. p. 262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-091756-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-091756-1"><bdi>978-0-16-091756-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nautical+Almanac+for+the+Year+2014&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft.isbn=978-0-16-091756-1&rft.au=United+States+Nautical+Almanac+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXi3A8_DCvAcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Naval_Observatory1906" class="citation book cs1">United States Naval Observatory (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QUrnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Publications of the United States Naval Observatory</i></a>. Vol. IV. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Publications+of+the+United+States+Naval+Observatory&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1906&rft.au=United+States+Naval+Observatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQUrnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Office_of_Naval_Intelligence1928" class="citation book cs1">United States Office of Naval Intelligence (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HVXXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Port Directory of the Principal Foreign Ports</i></a>. Washington: US Naval Department.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Port+Directory+of+the+Principal+Foreign+Ports&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=US+Naval+Department&rft.date=1928&rft.au=United+States+Office+of+Naval+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHVXXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMyanmar+Standard+Time" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brunei" title="Time in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Cambodia" title="Time in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Cyprus" title="Time in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_India" title="Time in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Indonesia" title="Time in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Iraq" title="Time in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Jordan" title="Time in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kazakhstan" title="Time in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_North_Korea" title="Time in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_South_Korea" title="Time in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kuwait" title="Time in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Laos" title="Time in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Lebanon" title="Time in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Malaysia" title="Time in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Mongolia" title="Time in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Oman" title="Time in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Qatar" title="Time in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Russia" title="Time in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Time in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a 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