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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie_și_istoria_numelui" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie_și_istoria_numelui"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologie și istoria numelui </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie_și_istoria_numelui-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoria_formării_Căii_Lactee_(arborele_său_geneaologic)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoria_formării_Căii_Lactee_(arborele_său_geneaologic)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Istoria formării Căii Lactee (arborele său geneaologic) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoria_formării_Căii_Lactee_(arborele_său_geneaologic)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observații_și_descoperiri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observații_și_descoperiri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Observații și descoperiri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observații_și_descoperiri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Aspect </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aspect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dimensiune_și_masă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dimensiune_și_masă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Dimensiune și masă </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dimensiune_și_masă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conținut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conținut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Conținut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conținut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structură" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structură"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Structură </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structură-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structură subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structură-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cadrane_galactice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cadrane_galactice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Cadrane galactice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cadrane_galactice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centrul_galactic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centrul_galactic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Centrul galactic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centrul_galactic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brațe_spiralate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brațe_spiralate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Brațe spiralate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brațe_spiralate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Halou </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Halou_gazos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halou_gazos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.1 Halou gazos </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halou_gazos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poziția_și_vecinătatea_Soarelui" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poziția_și_vecinătatea_Soarelui"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Poziția și vecinătatea Soarelui </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poziția_și_vecinătatea_Soarelui-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Formare </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Formare subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Formare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vârsta_și_istoria_cosmologică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vârsta_și_istoria_cosmologică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Vârsta și istoria cosmologică </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vârsta_și_istoria_cosmologică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mediu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Mediu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viteza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viteza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Viteza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viteza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Note </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Referințe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Bibliografie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Legături externe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lectură_suplimentară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Lectură suplimentară </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Comută cuprinsul </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Calea Lactee</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 187 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-187" aria-hidden="true" > 187 limbi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BE" title="Шыхулъагъо – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Шыхулъагъо" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkweg" title="Melkweg – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Melkweg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milchstra%C3%9Fe" title="Milchstraße – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Milchstraße" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9A%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AA_%E1%8B%8C%E1%8B%AD" title="ሚልኪ ዌይ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሚልኪ ዌይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrera_de_Sant_Chaime" title="Carrera de Sant Chaime – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carrera de Sant Chaime" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="आकाशगंगा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आकाशगंगा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="درب التبانة – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="درب التبانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B4" title="مجر لكبش – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مجر لكبش" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="درب اللبانه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="درب اللبانه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="হাতীপটি – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হাতীপটি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%C3%ADn_de_Santiago_(galaxa)" title="Camín de Santiago (galaxa) – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Camín de Santiago (galaxa)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCd_Yolu" title="Süd Yolu – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Süd Yolu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="سامان یولو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سامان یولو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%88_%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡош юлы – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡош юлы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muichstrossn" title="Muichstrossn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Muichstrossn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1tiu_Taks" title="Paukštiu Taks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Paukštiu Taks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Milky Way" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85" title="Млечны Шлях – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Млечны Шлях" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85" title="Млечны Шлях – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Млечны Шлях" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_Raya_Puti" title="Jalan Raya Puti – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jalan Raya Puti" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82" title="Млечен път – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Млечен път" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="आकाशगंगा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आकाशगंगा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5" title="আকাশগঙ্গা ছায়াপথ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আকাশগঙ্গা ছায়াপথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hent_Sant-Jakez_(galaksienn)" title="Hent Sant-Jakez (galaksienn) – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hent Sant-Jakez (galaksienn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dni_put" title="Mliječni put – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mliječni put" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bima Sakti" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Тэнгэриин зүйдэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Тэнгэриин зүйдэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_L%C3%A0ctia" title="Via Làctia – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Via Làctia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%95ng-%C3%B2%CC%A4" title="Tiĕng-ò̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tiĕng-ò̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Чатакхийна тача – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чатакхийна тача" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ڕێگای شیری – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێگای شیری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strada_di_Roma" title="Strada di Roma – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Strada di Roma" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2be_yolu" title="Kâbe yolu – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kâbe yolu" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxie_Ml%C3%A9%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha" title="Galaxie Mléčná dráha – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Galaxie Mléčná dráha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BA_%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%95" title="Хуркайăк Çулĕ – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хуркайăк Çулĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaeth_y_Llwybr_Llaethog" title="Galaeth y Llwybr Llaethog – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Galaeth y Llwybr Llaethog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6lkevejen" title="Mælkevejen – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mælkevejen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milchstra%C3%9Fe" title="Milchstraße – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Milchstraße" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeu" title="Akeu – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akeu" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahke%C5%9Fan" title="Kahkeşan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kahkeşan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γαλαξίας – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλαξίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Milky Way" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakta_Vojo" title="Lakta Vojo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lakta Vojo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADa_L%C3%A1ctea" title="Vía Láctea – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vía Láctea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnutee" title="Linnutee – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linnutee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esne_Bidea" title="Esne Bidea – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esne Bidea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="راه شیری – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راه شیری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnunrata" title="Linnunrata – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linnunrata" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsirgurada" title="Tsirgurada – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsirgurada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliwa_sucusucuya" title="Maliwa sucusucuya – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Maliwa sucusucuya" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_lact%C3%A9e" title="Voie lactée – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voie lactée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moolkstruat" title="Moolkstruat – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Moolkstruat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molkewei" title="Molkewei – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Molkewei" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bealach_na_B%C3%B3_Finne" title="Bealach na Bó Finne – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bealach na Bó Finne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vwa_lakt%C3%A9" title="Vwa lakté – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Vwa lakté" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slighe_Chloinn_Uisnich" title="Slighe Chloinn Uisnich – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Slighe Chloinn Uisnich" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADa_L%C3%A1ctea" title="Vía Láctea – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vía Láctea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mborevi_Rape" title="Mborevi Rape – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mborevi Rape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE" title="આકાશગંગા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આકાશગંગા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raad_Mooar_Gorree" title="Raad Mooar Gorree – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Raad Mooar Gorree" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%B9n-h%C3%B2" title="Ngiùn-hò – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngiùn-hò" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABnohoaupuni" title="Hōkūnohoaupuni – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hōkūnohoaupuni" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%91" title="שביל החלב – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שביל החלב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="आकाशगंगा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आकाशगंगा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Milky Way" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dni_put" title="Mliječni put – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mliječni put" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vwa_lakte" title="Vwa lakte – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vwa lakte" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tej%C3%BAtrendszer" title="Tejútrendszer – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tejútrendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ծիր Կաթին – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծիր Կաթին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ծիր Կաթին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ծիր Կաթին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Lactee" title="Via Lactee – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Via Lactee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bima Sakti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Galactic" title="Via Galactic – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Via Galactic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagririmpuok_a_Bitbituen" title="Nagririmpuok a Bitbituen – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nagririmpuok a Bitbituen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakto-Voyo" title="Lakto-Voyo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lakto-Voyo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetrarbrautin" title="Vetrarbrautin – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vetrarbrautin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Lattea" title="Via Lattea – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Via Lattea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="銀河系 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="銀河系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milki_Wie" title="Milki Wie – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Milki Wie" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimasekti" title="Bimasekti – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bimasekti" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ირმის ნახტომი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირმის ნახტომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_n_igenwan" title="Asif n igenwan – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asif n igenwan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Шыхулъагъуэ – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Шыхулъагъуэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%CA%8Awa_lak%C9%A9tee" title="Fʊwa lakɩtee – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fʊwa lakɩtee" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%81_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Құс жолы – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құс жолы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99" title="កព្ចុំាផ្កាយជើងភ្នាយ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កព្ចុំាផ្កាយជើងភ្នាយ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A5" title="ಕ್ಷೀರಪಥ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಷೀರಪಥ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="우리 은하 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우리 은하" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Къой джол – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къой джол" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melechstroa%C3%9F" title="Melechstroaß – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Melechstroaß" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadiz" title="Kadiz – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kadiz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyns_Sen_Jamys" title="Hyns Sen Jamys – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hyns Sen Jamys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Саманчынын жолу – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Саманчынын жолу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_lactea" title="Via lactea – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Via lactea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABllechstrooss" title="Mëllechstrooss – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mëllechstrooss" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Карванд Рехъ – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Карванд Рехъ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Letin" title="Via Letin – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Via Letin" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8lkweeg" title="Mèlkweeg – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mèlkweeg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strada_dl_lat" title="Strada dl lat – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Strada dl lat" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_L%C3%A0tea" title="Via Làtea – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Via Làtea" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ທາງຊ້າງເຜືອກ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທາງຊ້າງເຜືອກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1%C4%8Di%C5%B3_Takas" title="Paukščių Takas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paukščių Takas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piena_Ce%C4%BC%C5%A1" title="Piena Ceļš – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piena Ceļš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Кайыккомбо Корно – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кайыккомбо Корно" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bima Sakti" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Млечен Пат – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Млечен Пат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97" title="ആകാശഗംഗ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആകാശഗംഗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тэнгэрийн заадас – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тэнгэрийн заадас" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="आकाशगंगा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आकाशगंगा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bima Sakti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triq_ta%27_Sant%27Anna" title="Triq ta' Sant'Anna – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Triq ta' Sant'Anna" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carril_de_Santiago" title="Carril de Santiago – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Carril de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%82%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE" title="နဂါးငွေ့တန်း ဂယ်လက်ဆီ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နဂါးငွေ့တန်း ဂယ်လက်ဆီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citlalin_icue" title="Citlalin icue – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Citlalin icue" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkstraat" title="Melkstraat – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Melkstraat" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkweg_(sternstelsel)" title="Melkweg (sternstelsel) – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Melkweg (sternstelsel)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="आकाशगङ्गा – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आकाशगङ्गा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="मिल्की वे – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मिल्की वे" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkweg_(sterrenstelsel)" title="Melkweg (sterrenstelsel) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Melkweg (sterrenstelsel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mj%C3%B8lkevegen" title="Mjølkevegen – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mjølkevegen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkeveien" title="Melkeveien – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Melkeveien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milke-vie" title="Milke-vie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Milke-vie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27m%C3%AEns_d%27Saint_Jacques" title="C'mîns d'Saint Jacques – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="C'mîns d'Saint Jacques" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Lact%C3%A8a" title="Via Lactèa – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Via Lactèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xurree_Aannannoo" title="Xurree Aannannoo – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xurree Aannannoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE" title="ଆକାଶଗଙ୍ଗା – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆକାଶଗଙ୍ଗା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%80%D1%84%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%84%C3%A6%D0%B4" title="Æрфæныфæд – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æрфæныфæд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87" title="ਮਿਲਕੀ ਵੇ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਲਕੀ ਵੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Milky Way" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voe_lact%C3%A9e" title="Voe lactée – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Voe lactée" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droga_Mleczna" title="Droga Mleczna – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Droga Mleczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra_%C3%ABd_San_Giaco" title="Stra ëd San Giaco – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Stra ëd San Giaco" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81" title="چٹا راہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چٹا راہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="د شیدو لار – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د شیدو لار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_L%C3%A1ctea" title="Via Láctea – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Via Láctea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullqaquyllur" title="Qullqaquyllur – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qullqaquyllur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharnovon" title="Pharnovon – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Pharnovon" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Млечный Путь – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Млечный Путь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Молочна дорога – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Молочна дорога" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="क्षीरपथ-आकाशगङ्गा – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्षीरपथ-आकाशगङ्गा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Халлаан Сиигэ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Халлаан Сиигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camminu_de_paza" title="Camminu de paza – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Camminu de paza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolu_di_San_J%C3%A0bbucu" title="Jolu di San Jàbbucu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jolu di San Jàbbucu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatlant_Streit" title="Vatlant Streit – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vatlant Streit" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BD_%DA%AA%D9%87%DA%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کيرائين واٽ ڪهڪشان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="کيرائين واٽ ڪهڪشان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_staza" title="Mliječna staza – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mliječna staza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BA" title="ක්ෂීර පථය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්ෂීර පථය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Milky Way" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxia_(Mlie%C4%8Dna_cesta)" title="Galaxia (Mliečna cesta) – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Galaxia (Mliečna cesta)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_cesta_(galaksija)" title="Rimska cesta (galaksija) – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimska cesta (galaksija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwara_raKurumbi" title="Gwara raKurumbi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gwara raKurumbi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyjplimja" title="Hyjplimja – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hyjplimja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82" title="Млечни пут – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Млечни пут" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molkstr%C3%A4ite" title="Molksträite – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Molksträite" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima_Sakti" title="Bima Sakti – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bima Sakti" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintergatan" title="Vintergatan – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vintergatan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njia_Nyeupe" title="Njia Nyeupe – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Njia Nyeupe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பால் வழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பால் வழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4" title="పాలపుంత – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాలపుంత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Роҳи Каҳкашон – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Роҳи Каҳкашон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="ทางช้างเผือก – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทางช้างเผือก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akma%C3%BDany%C5%88_%C3%BDoly" title="Akmaýanyň ýoly – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Akmaýanyň ýoly" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariwanas" title="Ariwanas – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ariwanas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0yt%C9%99_ro" title="Šytə ro – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Šytə ro" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanyolu" title="Samanyolu – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Samanyolu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Киек Каз Юлы – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Киек Каз Юлы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Дээр оруу – tuvană" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Дээр оруу" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%9E%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Ӟазегсюрес – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ӟазегсюрес" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%89" title="سامانيولى سىستىمېسى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سامانيولى سىستىمېسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85" title="Чумацький Шлях – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чумацький Шлях" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%92" title="ملکی وے – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملکی وے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somon_yo%CA%BBli" title="Somon yoʻli – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Somon yoʻli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maidte" title="Maidte – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Maidte" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A2n_H%C3%A0" title="Ngân Hà – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngân Hà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkweg" title="Melkweg – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Melkweg" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voye_Sint-Dj%C3%A5ke_(sitoelreye)" title="Voye Sint-Djåke (sitoelreye) – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Voye Sint-Djåke (sitoelreye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatasnon_nga_Agianan" title="Gatasnon nga Agianan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gatasnon nga Agianan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="银河系 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="银河系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მეშხურეშ შარა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეშხურეშ შარა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%92" title="מילכיגער וועג – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מילכיגער וועג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahmbwn" title="Dahmbwn – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dahmbwn" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="银河系 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="银河系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" title="銀河 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銀河" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4-khe" title="Hô-khe – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hô-khe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" title="銀河 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銀河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmZilafasimbe" title="UmZilafasimbe – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmZilafasimbe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q321#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Calea_Lactee" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a">Articol</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Calea_Lactee" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t">Discuție</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Calea_Lactee">Lectură</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v">Modificare</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e">Modificare sursă</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=history">Istoric</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Calea_Lactee" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j">Ce trimite aici</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Calea_Lactee" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k">Schimbări corelate</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u">Trimite fișier</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q">Pagini speciale</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&oldid=16650963" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini">Legătură permanentă</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină">Informații despre pagină</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Calea_Lactee&id=16650963&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini">Citează acest articol</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCalea_Lactee">Obține URL scurtat</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCalea_Lactee">Descărcați codul QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Calea+Lactee">Creare carte</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Calea_Lactee&action=show-download-screen">Descărcare ca PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p">Versiune de tipărit</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q321" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g">Element Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet default" style="background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;background: #e1e1e1;">Galaxia Calea Lactee</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg/290px-ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg/435px-ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg/580px-ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2583" /></a> <div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Centru_Galactic" title="Centru Galactic">Centrul Galactic</a> al Căii Lactee pe cerul nopții deasupra Observatorului Paranal, Chile</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;background:">Date de observație</th></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Tip</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Galaxie_spiral%C4%83_barat%C4%83" title="Galaxie spirală barată">galaxie spirală barată</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Locație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Vârsta</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">13,7 miliarde de ani</td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Diametru</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">150.000-200.000 <a href="/wiki/Ani-lumin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ani-lumină">ani-lumină</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Grosime disc</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">≈2000 <a href="/wiki/Ani-lumin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ani-lumină">ani-lumină</a><a href="#cite_note-ask-astro-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rix_Bovy-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Nr.stele</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">100–400 miliarde<a href="#cite_note-odenwald-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Masă</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0,8–1,5×1012   <a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Masă solară">M☉</a><a href="#cite_note-McMillan2011-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-McMillan2016-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kafle2012-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kafle2014-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/Moment_cinetic" title="Moment cinetic">Moment cinetic</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">≈7067100000000000000♠1×1067 J s<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Dist.Soare-<a href="/wiki/Centru_galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centru galactic">centru galactic</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">26.400±1000 ani-lumină<a href="#cite_note-apj692_2_1075-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-boehle2016-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gillessen2016-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Per.rotație a Soarelui</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">240 milioane de ani<a href="#cite_note-sparke_gallagher-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Per.rotație spirală</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">220–360 milioane de an<a href="#cite_note-rotation_pattern_speeds-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Per.rotație <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_spiral%C4%83_barat%C4%83" title="Galaxie spirală barată">bară</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">100–120 milioane de ani<a href="#cite_note-rotation_pattern_speeds-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background: inherit;;">Viteza relativă la <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_cosmic%C4%83_de_fond" title="Radiație cosmică de fond">CMB</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">552,2 ± 5,5 km/s<a href="#cite_note-COBE1993-15">[15]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background: #e1e1e1;">Vezi și: <a href="/wiki/Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxie</a>, <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_galaxii" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de galaxii">Listă de galaxii</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> Calea Lactee<a href="#cite_note-context-16">[a]</a>, rar cu denumirea Calea Laptelui, iar foarte rar cu denumirea Drumul lui Trăian<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a>, este o <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_spiral%C4%83_barat%C4%83" title="Galaxie spirală barată">galaxie spirală barată</a> din care face parte <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemul Solar">Sistemul Solar</a>. Văzută de pe <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ">Pământ</a>, apare ca o bandă strălucitoare și difuză vizibilă pe cerul nopții format din stele, care nu pot fi distinse în mod individual de către ochiul liber. Termenul Calea Lactee este o traducere a latinescului via lactea, din greaca veche γαλαξίας κύκλος (galaxías kýklos, „cerc lăptos”).<a href="#cite_note-eo_galaxy-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jankowski-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schiller-20">[19]</a> De pe Pământ, Calea Lactee apare ca o bandă, deoarece structura sa în formă de disc este privită din interior. Vârsta sa estimată este mai mare de treisprezece miliarde de ani, perioadă în care a trecut prin mai multe faze evolutive până la atingerea formei sale actuale. Este o <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_spiral%C4%83_barat%C4%83" title="Galaxie spirală barată">galaxie spirală barată</a> cu un diametru între 150.000 și 200.000 de <a href="/wiki/Ani-lumin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ani-lumină">ani-lumină</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpi2015-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> formată din 100-400 miliarde de <a href="/wiki/Stea" title="Stea">stele</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> și peste 100 de miliarde de <a href="/wiki/Planet%C4%83" title="Planetă">planete</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nature-20120111-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Space-20130102-28">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_solar" title="Sistemul solar">Sistemul solar</a> este situat pe o rază de aproximativ 27.000 de ani-lumină de <a href="/wiki/Centrul_Galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrul Galactic">Centrul Galactic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gillessen2016-12">[12]</a> pe marginea interioară a <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Orion" title="Brațul Orion">brațului Orion</a> și face o rotație completă a galaxiei în aproximativ 240 de milioane de ani.<a href="#cite_note-sparke_gallagher-13">[13]</a> În bara centrală a galaxiei, care are o formă alungită, există o concentrație mare de stele, iar centrul galactic este o sursă radio intensă cunoscută sub numele de Săgetătorul A*, presupusă a fi o <a href="/wiki/Gaur%C4%83_neagr%C4%83_supermasiv%C4%83" title="Gaură neagră supermasivă">gaură neagră supermasivă</a>. Stelele și gazele aflate la o distanță mare de centrul său galactic se deplasează cu aproximativ 220 km/s față de acest centru. <a href="/wiki/Legile_lui_Kepler" title="Legile lui Kepler">Legile lui Kepler</a> nu pot explica viteza de rotație constantă și s-a sugerat că o mare parte (aproximativ 90%)<a href="#cite_note-SA-20190308-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20190208-30">[29]</a> din masa galaxiei este invizibilă pentru telescoape, care nici nu emite și nici nu absoarbe <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_electromagnetic%C4%83" title="Radiație electromagnetică">radiații electromagnetice</a>. Această masă conjecturală a fost denumită „<a href="/wiki/Materie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Materie întunecată">materie întunecată</a>”.<a href="#cite_note-Koupelis_Kuhn2007-31">[30]</a> Calea Lactee în ansamblu se deplasează cu o viteză de aproximativ 600 km/s în raport cu cadrele de referință extragalactice. Calea Lactee are mai multe galaxii satelit și face parte din <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a> de galaxii, care la rândul lui face parte din <a href="/wiki/Fecioara_(super-roi_de_galaxii)" title="Fecioara (super-roi de galaxii)">Super-roiul de galaxii din Fecioara</a>, care este o componentă a <a href="/wiki/Laniakea" title="Laniakea">Super-roiului Laniakea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie_și_istoria_numelui">Etimologie și istoria numelui</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie și istoria numelui" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie și istoria numelui">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Origin_of_the_Milky_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Origin_of_the_Milky_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Origin_of_the_Milky_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Origin_of_the_Milky_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Origin_of_the_Milky_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Origin_of_the_Milky_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Jacopo_Tintoretto_-_The_Origin_of_the_Milky_Way_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2684" /></a><figcaption>Originea Căii Lactee, pictură de <a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, 1575.</figcaption></figure> Denumirea „Calea Lactee” este o traducere a latinescului via lactea, din grecescul γαλαξίας κύκλος/galaxías kýklos, care înseamnă literalmente „cerc galactic”, „cerc lăptos”.<a href="#cite_note-eo_galaxy-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jankowski-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schiller-20">[19]</a> Este unul dintre cele unsprezece cercuri pe care grecii antici le-au identificat pe cer: <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiacul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meridian" class="mw-redirect" title="Meridian">meridianul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orizont" title="Orizont">orizontul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuator" title="Ecuator">ecuatorul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropicul_Capricornului" title="Tropicul Capricornului">tropicele Capricornului</a> și <a href="/wiki/Tropicul_Racului" title="Tropicul Racului">Racului</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerc_polar_arctic" title="Cerc polar arctic">cercul arctic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerc_polar_antarctic" title="Cerc polar antarctic">cercul antarctic</a> și cele două coluri care trec prin cei doi poli cerești.<a href="#cite_note-eratosthenes1997-34">[33]</a> Această denumire își are originea în <a href="/wiki/Mitologie_greac%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitologie greacă">mitologia greacă</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, dorind ca fiul său <a href="/wiki/Heracle" title="Heracle">Heracle</a> să devină nemuritor, îl pune să sugă de la sânul <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Herei</a> laptele nemuririi, când aceasta dormea. Trezindu-se, Hera, încearcă să-l smulgă pe Heracle de la sân, lăsând stropi de lapte să se răspândească pe cer într-o dâră albicioasă, formând Calea Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Cuvântul din greaca veche γαλαξίας/galaxías, format din rădăcina γαλακτ-, derivat din cuvântul γάλα („lapte”), și din sufixul adjectival -ίας, este și rădăcina etimologică a „galaxiei”.<a href="#cite_note-eo_galaxy-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-jankowski2010-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schiller-20">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoria_formării_Căii_Lactee_(arborele_său_geneaologic)">Istoria formării Căii Lactee (arborele său geneaologic)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoria formării Căii Lactee (arborele său geneaologic)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istoria formării Căii Lactee (arborele său geneaologic)">modificare sursă</a>]</div> In august 2020 un grup de astrofizicieni germani și englezi de la Universitatea Heidelberg din Germania au prezentat în premieră un „arbore geneaologic“ al Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Cu ajutorul programului sofisticat E-MOSAICS, bazat pe inteligență artificială, ei au reușit să reconstituie istoria formării primordiale a Căii Lactee din numeroasele roiuri sferice (globulare) preexistente în spațiul ocupat ulterior de galaxia noastră. La desăvȃrșirea ulterioară a galaxiei a contribuit apoi absorbția a 15 galaxii mai mici, cu care s-a contopit. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observații_și_descoperiri">Observații și descoperiri</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Observații și descoperiri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Observații și descoperiri">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bartolomeu_Velho_1568.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bartolomeu_Velho_1568.jpg/220px-Bartolomeu_Velho_1568.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bartolomeu_Velho_1568.jpg/330px-Bartolomeu_Velho_1568.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bartolomeu_Velho_1568.jpg/440px-Bartolomeu_Velho_1568.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3255" data-file-height="2402" /></a><figcaption>Figura corpurilor cerești (1568). Ilustrație a concepției geocentrice a universului ptolemeic de către cosmograful și cartograful portughez Bartolomeu Velho. Distanțele corpurilor cerești de centrul Pământului (stânga) sunt complementare cu timpul lor de revoluție în ani (dreapta).</figcaption></figure> În <a href="/wiki/Antichitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Antichitate">Antichitate</a>, primele observații ale cometelor au dat naștere multor mitologii ale Căii Lactee și apoi interpretărilor din <a href="/wiki/Filosofie_natural%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofie naturală">filosofia naturală</a> greacă. <a href="/wiki/Parmenide" title="Parmenide">Parmenide</a> credea că Calea Lactee este un amestec de dens și rar din care s-au desprins Soarele, din partea rară și fierbinte, și Luna, din cea densă și rece.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Pentru <a href="/wiki/Anaxagora" title="Anaxagora">Anaxagora</a>, stelele erau pietre rupte din Pământ și devenite albe din cauza căldurii provocate de mișcarea lor, iar Soarele era o piatră incandescentă mai mare decât <a href="/wiki/Peloponez" title="Peloponez">Peloponezul</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leucip" title="Leucip">Leucip</a> credea că aștrii cerești erau concentrații umede și noroioase de atomi mișcați de vârtejul universal în care erau prinși, care se uscau pe măsură ce erau purtate în cerc, luând în final foc și formând substanța stelelor încinse datorită vitezei mișcării. <a href="/wiki/Aristotel" title="Aristotel">Aristotel</a> este primul filosof care consideră cerul și astrele alcătuite din al cincilea element, eterul. În tratatul său De caelo („Despre cer”), Aristotel împarte cosmosul în lumea cerească, compusă din elemente sferice perfecte și lumea sublunară cu obiectele sale imperfecte. În Meteorologicele, el consideră Calea Lactee ca un fenomen atmosferic situat în regiunea sublunară mijlocie.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Potrivit lui Macrobius, <a href="/wiki/Teofrast" title="Teofrast">Teofrast</a>, un discipol al lui Aristotel, consideră Calea Lactee drept sutura celor două emisfere care unește și formează sfera cerească; locul unde emisferele se întâlnesc, este, potrivit lui, mai luminos decât în altă parte.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Dar <a href="/wiki/Democrit" title="Democrit">Democrit</a> și <a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a>, mult mai vechi, consideră că această luminozitate cerească trebuie să fie produsă de o multitudine de stele, prea mici pentru a le distinge cu ochiul liber.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Această concepție stelară despre Calea Lactee a apărut pentru prima dată în India.<a href="#cite_note-Chaberlot-42">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemeu" title="Ptolemeu">Ptolemeu</a> sintetizează 500 de ani de observații în lucrarea sa <a href="/wiki/Almageste" title="Almageste">Almageste</a> scrisă în secolul al II-lea. El oferă un model matematic în care Pământul este în centrul Universului (deci el spune viziunea filosofică a lui Aristotel), iar celelalte obiecte cerești se învârt în jurul său pe căi circulare. Influența aristotelică, grație Almageste-lui, a rămas predominantă în Occident până în secolul al XV-lea.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Cu toate acestea, filosoful neoplatonic Olimpiodorus cel Tânăr din secolul al VI-lea respinge această concepție meteorologică prin două argumente principale: planetele trec uneori prin fața Căii Lactee și nu are nici un efect asupra <a href="/wiki/Paralax%C4%83" title="Paralaxă">paralaxei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a>. La începutul secolului al XI-lea, astronomul persan <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a> descrie galaxia ca o colecție de multe stele nebuloase. <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a> respinge teoria lui Aristotel încercând să observe și să măsoare paralaxa<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> și astfel „a stabilit că, deoarece Calea Lactee nu are paralax, este foarte departe de Pământ și nu aparține atmosferei sale”.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> La începutul secolului al XII-lea, astronomul andaluz <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bajja" title="Ibn Bajja">Avempace</a> consideră că Calea Lactee este făcută dintr-un număr mare de stele, dar că <a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bie" title="Refracție">refracția</a> atmosferei Pământului îi conferă aspectul de „voal continuu”.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Observarea Căii Lactee, cu ochiul liber, nu permite să se distingă decât o parte foarte mică a stelelor din care este compusă. Cu <a href="/wiki/Telescop" title="Telescop">telescopul</a> său astronomic, <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> a descoperit în 1610 că Calea Lactee este un „grup de stele minuscule”,<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> dar în mod greșit consideră că nu este alcătuit din gaze.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-oconnor_robertson2002-50">[49]</a> În Opera philosophica & mineralia (1734), filosoful suedez Emanuel Swedenborg susține că galaxiile sunt insule-univers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuminetLachièze-Rey200548-51">[50]</a> În 1750, astronomul Thomas Wright, în cartea sa, „O teorie originală sau o nouă ipoteză a universului”, a studiat structura galaxiei și și-a imaginat că aceasta formează un nor aplatizat, un disc împânzit cu stele printre care se află și Soarele.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg197826-52">[51]</a> Aspectul Căii Lactee este „un efect optic datorat cufundării Pământului într-un strat plat format din stele cu lumină scăzută”, scrie el.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Filosoful <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Lambert" title="Johann Heinrich Lambert">Johann Heinrich Lambert</a> a ajuns la concluzii identice în 1761.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerleau-Ponty1983100-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuminetLachièze-Rey200548-51">[50]</a> Într-un tratat din 1755, filosoful <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, bazându-se pe opera lui Wright,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> speculează corect că Calea Lactee ar putea fi un corp în rotație compus dintr-un număr imens de stele reținute de <a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație">gravitație</a>, același mod în care Soarele păstrează planetele <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_solar" title="Sistemul solar">Sistemului Solar</a>, dar la o scară mult mai mare.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Discul de stele astfel format va fi observat ca o bandă pe cer de pe Pământ (care se află în interiorul discului). De asemenea, el a presupus că nebuloasele, vizibile pe cerul nopții, ar fi „galaxii” similare cu a noastră. El descrie Calea Lactee și „nebuloasele extragalactice” ca „insule-univers”.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-our_galaxy-59">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Herschel-Galaxy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Herschel-Galaxy.png/220px-Herschel-Galaxy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Herschel-Galaxy.png/330px-Herschel-Galaxy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Herschel-Galaxy.png/440px-Herschel-Galaxy.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Galaxia noastră văzută de <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> în 1785. El presupune că Sistemul Solar este aproape de centru.</figcaption></figure> Prima încercare de a descrie forma Căii Lactee și poziția Soarelui în interiorul ei a fost făcută de <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> în 1785, contorizând stelele din diferite regiuni ale cerului. El a construit o diagramă care pune Soarele aproape de centrul Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Necunoscând distanța stelelor, pentru a-și susține modelul, el presupune cinci ipoteze de bază, dintre care câteva se vor dovedi a fi false: toate stelele au aceeași luminozitate intrinsecă, distanța lor scade proporțional cu magnitudinea aparentă și absența extincției interstelare.<a href="#cite_note-Chaberlot-42">[41]</a> În 1845, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Parsons — pagină inexistentă">William Parsons</a> a construit un telescop mai puternic care a diferențiat galaxiile eliptice de galaxiile spiralate. Instrumentul său face posibilă observarea surselor de lumină distincte în câteva nebuloase, ceea ce confirmă presupunerea lui Kant.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pic_iroberts1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pic_iroberts1.jpg/220px-Pic_iroberts1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pic_iroberts1.jpg/330px-Pic_iroberts1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pic_iroberts1.jpg/440px-Pic_iroberts1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>Fotografie (din 1899) a „Marii nebuloase Andromeda”, ulterior numită <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Andromeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxia Andromeda">galaxia Andromeda</a>.</figcaption></figure> În 1917, Heber Curtis a observat nova SN 1885A în „Marea nebuloasă Andromeda”. Analizând arhivele fotografice ale Andromedei, el descoperă unsprezece nove și calculează că sunt, în medie, de 10 ori mai puțin luminoase decât cele ale Căii Lactee. Curtis devine un susținător al teoriei insulelor-univers, care spune printre altele că nebuloasele în spirală sunt galaxii independente.<a href="#cite_note-pasp100_6-63">[62]</a> În 1920, <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heber_Curtis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heber Curtis — pagină inexistentă">Heber Curtis</a> au lansat Marea Dezbatere, care privea natura Căii Lactee, nebuloasele în spirală și dimensiunea <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Universului</a>. Pentru a susține ipoteza că marea nebuloasă Andromeda este o galaxie exterioară, Curtis remarcă prezența unor benzi întunecate care amintesc de norii de praf din Calea Lactee și un <a href="/wiki/Efect_Doppler" class="mw-redirect" title="Efect Doppler">efect Doppler</a> mare.<a href="#cite_note-weaver-64">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coupe-de-la-voie-lact%C3%A9e.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coupe-de-la-voie-lact%C3%A9e.JPG/220px-Coupe-de-la-voie-lact%C3%A9e.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Coupe-de-la-voie-lact%C3%A9e.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption>Secțiunea Căii Lactee cu poziția Soarelui.</figcaption></figure> În 1918, <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a>, studiind distribuția pe sfera cerească a <a href="/wiki/Roi_globular" title="Roi globular">roiurilor globulare</a>, ajunge la imaginea conform căreia galaxia noastră este o structură simetrică pe ambele părți ale discului său vizibil și că <a href="/wiki/Centru_galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centru galactic">centrul</a> ei este situat în direcția <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83get%C4%83torul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Săgetătorul (constelație)">constelației Săgetătorul</a>. Astfel, s-a stabilit că Soarele nu poate fi situat în centrul Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Zece ani mai târziu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertil_Lindblad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertil Lindblad — pagină inexistentă">Bertil Lindblad</a> și <a href="/wiki/Jan_Oort" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Oort">Jan Oort</a> au arătat în mod independent că stelele din Calea Lactee se rotesc în jurul centrului, dar într-o rotație diferențială (adică perioada lor orbitală depinde de distanța lor față de centru), și că un roi globular și anumite stele nu se rotesc la aceeași viteză cu discul, ceea ce sugerează puternic o structură în spirală.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Utilizând telescopul Hooker de 2,5 metri al Observatorului Mount Wilson, astronomul <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a> produce fotografii astronomice care arată stele individuale în părțile exterioare ale câtorva nebuloase spiralate. El descoperă, de asemenea, câteva <a href="/wiki/Cefeid%C4%83" title="Cefeidă">cefeide</a>, inclusiv una din nebuloasa Andromeda (M31 din catalogul Messier), pe care o folosește ca reper pentru a estima distanța până la nebuloasă; conform calculelor sale, este la 275 kpc de la Soare, prea departe pentru a face parte din Calea Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-apj69_103-70">[69]</a> Tot în anii 1920, a publicat articole care raportau existența altor galaxii. Opera sa pune capăt Marii dezbateri.<a href="#cite_note-jrasc83_6-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg197828-31-72">[71]</a> Una dintre consecințele Marii Dezbateri este încercarea de a determina natura eliptică sau în spirală a Căii Lactee, care este apoi subiectul a aproximativ patruzeci de modele diferite. <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Kapteyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobus Kapteyn">Jacobus Kapteyn</a>, folosind un rafinament al metodei Herschel, a propus un model în 1920 ca o galaxie eliptică mică, cu diametrul de 15 kpc, cu Soarele aproape de centru. Punerea în evidență a fenomenului de rotație galactică de Jacobus Kapteyn în 1922 și extincția interstelară de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Jules_Trumpler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Jules Trumpler — pagină inexistentă">Robert Jules Trumpler</a> în 1930 a dus la dezvoltarea modelului actual de <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_spiral%C4%83_barat%C4%83" title="Galaxie spirală barată">galaxie spirală barată</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chaberlot-42">[41]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspect">Aspect</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aspect" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Aspect">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Milky_Way_Night_Sky_Black_Rock_Desert_Nevada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Milky_Way_Night_Sky_Black_Rock_Desert_Nevada.jpg/220px-Milky_Way_Night_Sky_Black_Rock_Desert_Nevada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Milky_Way_Night_Sky_Black_Rock_Desert_Nevada.jpg/330px-Milky_Way_Night_Sky_Black_Rock_Desert_Nevada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Milky_Way_Night_Sky_Black_Rock_Desert_Nevada.jpg/440px-Milky_Way_Night_Sky_Black_Rock_Desert_Nevada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4078" /></a><figcaption>O vedere a Căii Lactee spre constelația <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83get%C4%83torul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Săgetătorul (constelație)"> Săgetător</a> (inclusiv <a href="/wiki/Centrul_galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrul galactic">Centrul galactic</a>), așa cum se vede dintr-un loc întunecat, cu puțină poluare luminoasă (deșertul Black Rock, Nevada), obiectul luminos din dreapta jos este <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, chiar deasupra <a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a> </figcaption></figure> Calea Lactee este vizibilă de pe Pământ ca o bandă luminoasă, cu o lățime de aproximativ 30°, care se întinde pe cerul nopții.<a href="#cite_note-pasachoff1994-73">[72]</a> Toate stelele care pot fi văzute cu ochiul liber fac parte din Calea Lactee. Regiunile întunecate din interiorul bandei, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marele_Rift_(astronomie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marele Rift (astronomie) — pagină inexistentă">Marele Rift</a> și <a href="/wiki/Nebuloasa_Sacul_cu_C%C4%83rbuni" title="Nebuloasa Sacul cu Cărbuni">Nebuloasa Sacul cu Cărbuni</a>, sunt zone în care lumina de la stele îndepărtate este absorbită de praful cosmic. Zona cerului întunecat din Calea Lactee este denumită <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_de_evitare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona de evitare — pagină inexistentă">zona de evitare</a>. „Cele mai luminoase dintre galaxiile cunoscute sunt de aproximativ o sută de ori mai strălucitoare decât Calea Lactee, care în sine strălucește ca zece miliarde de sori”.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilk199747-74">[73]</a> Calea Lactee are o luminozitate relativ redusă. Vizibilitatea sa este redusă semnificativ în prezența poluării luminoase sau când Luna luminează cerul. Pentru a putea fi observată galaxia, luminozitatea cerului trebuie să fie mai mică de aproximativ 20,2 magnitudine pe secundă de arc pătrat.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> În general, este vizibilă când mărimea limită vizuală este în jur de +5,1 sau mai bună și prezintă o mulțime de detalii la +6,1.<a href="#cite_note-steinicke_sakiel2007-76">[75]</a> Drept urmare, este dificil de observat din zonele urbane luminate, dar relativ ușor de observat dintr-o zonă rurală, dacă Luna este sub orizont.<a href="#cite_note-bortle-77">[b]</a> Hărțile cu strălucire artificială a cerului nocturn arată că mai mult de o treime din populația Pământului nu poate vedea Calea Lactee din casele lor din cauza poluării luminoase.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> Privită de pe Pământ, regiunea vizibilă a planului galactic al Căii Lactee ocupă o zonă a cerului care include 30 de constelații.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Centrul_galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrul galactic">Centrul galactic</a> se află în direcția <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83get%C4%83torul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Săgetătorul (constelație)">Săgetătorului</a>, unde Calea Lactee este cea mai strălucitoare. Din Săgetător, banda de lumină albă pare să treacă în jurul anticentrului galactic din <a href="/wiki/Vizitiul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Vizitiul (constelație)">constelația Vizitiul</a>. Apoi, banda continuă în jurul cerului, înapoi la Săgetător, împărțind cerul în două <a href="/wiki/Sfer%C4%83_cereasc%C4%83" title="Sferă cerească">emisfere</a> aproximativ egale. Planul galactic este înclinat cu aproximativ 60° în raport cu <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic%C4%83" title="Ecliptică">ecliptica</a> (planul <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99carea_de_revolu%C8%9Bie_a_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Mișcarea de revoluție a Pământului">orbitei Pământului</a>). În raport cu <a href="/wiki/Ecuatorul_ceresc" title="Ecuatorul ceresc">ecuatorul ceresc</a>, se extinde spre nord până la constelația <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Cassiopeia (constelație)">Cassiopeia</a> și la sud, până la constelația <a href="/wiki/Crucea_Sudului_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Crucea Sudului (constelație)">Crucea Sudului</a>, ceea ce indică înclinația ridicată a planului ecuatorial al Pământului și planul eclipticii, în raport cu planul galactic. Polul galactic nord este situat în apropiere de <a href="/wiki/Beta_Comae_Berenices" title="Beta Comae Berenices">β Comae Berenices</a>, iar polul galactic sud este aproape de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Sculptoris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha Sculptoris — pagină inexistentă">α Sculptoris</a>. Din cauza acestei înclinații ridicate, în funcție de perioada nopții și a anului, arcul Căii Lactee poate apărea relativ scăzut sau relativ înalt pe cer. Pentru observatorii situați la latitudini între aproximativ 65° nord și 65° sud, Calea Lactee trece direct deasupra capului de două ori pe zi. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Milky_Way_Arch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Milky_Way_Arch.jpg/850px-Milky_Way_Arch.jpg" decoding="async" width="850" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Milky_Way_Arch.jpg/1275px-Milky_Way_Arch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Milky_Way_Arch.jpg/1700px-Milky_Way_Arch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption>Calea Lactee arătând o înclinație ridicată pe cerul nopții (această panoramă compusă a fost luată la Observatorul Paranal din nordul Chile), obiectul luminos este Jupiter în constelația <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83get%C4%83torul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Săgetătorul (constelație)">Săgetătorul</a>, iar <a href="/wiki/Norii_lui_Magellan" title="Norii lui Magellan">Norii lui Magellan</a> pot fi văzuți în stânga; nordul galactic este în jos</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dimensiune_și_masă">Dimensiune și masă</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dimensiune și masă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Dimensiune și masă">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:UGC_12158.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UGC_12158.jpg/220px-UGC_12158.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UGC_12158.jpg/330px-UGC_12158.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UGC_12158.jpg/440px-UGC_12158.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>O imagine a galaxiei <a href="/w/index.php?title=UGC_12158&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UGC 12158 — pagină inexistentă">UGC 12158</a>, despre care se crede că seamănă cu Calea Lactee, făcută de <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>.</figcaption></figure> Calea Lactee este a doua galaxie ca mărime din <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a>, discul său stelar având un diametru de aproximativ 100.000 ani-lumină și, în medie, grosimea de aproximativ 1.000 ani-lumină.<a href="#cite_note-ask-astro-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rix_Bovy-2">[2]</a> Calea Lactee este de aproximativ 890 miliarde de ori mai mare decât <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soarele</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Pentru comparație, dacă sistemul solar până la <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Neptun" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Neptun">Neptun</a> ar fi de dimensiunea unei monede de 24,3 mm, Calea Lactee ar fi dimensiunea Statelor Unite.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Inelul Unicornului, un filament de stele care înconjoară Calea Lactee, ar putea aparține Galaxiei,<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> situație în care diametrul Căii Lactee ar fi mai degrabă de 150.000 până la 180.000 ani-lumină.<a href="#cite_note-rpi2015-23">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Milky_way_profile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Milky_way_profile.svg/250px-Milky_way_profile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Milky_way_profile.svg/375px-Milky_way_profile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Milky_way_profile.svg/500px-Milky_way_profile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1681" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Profil schematic al Căii Lactee</figcaption></figure> Estimarea masei Căii Lactee variază în funcție de metoda și datele utilizate. Cea mai mică valoare este de 5,8 × 1011 M☉ (<a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Masă solară">mase solare</a>), ceva mai puțin decât cea a <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Andromeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxia Andromeda">galaxiei Andromeda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Karachentsevetal2006-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-mass-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-galmass-85">[83]</a> Măsurătorile făcute de telescopul Very Long Baseline Array în 2009 au găsit viteze de până la 254 km/s pentru stele de la marginea exterioară a galaxiei.<a href="#cite_note-nrao20090105-86">[84]</a> Deoarece viteza orbitală depinde de masa conținută în raza orbitală, acest lucru sugerează că galaxia este mai masivă, echivalând aproximativ cu masa galaxiei Andromeda la 7 × 1011 M☉ dacă luăm în considerare masa părții care se extinde până la 160.000 ani-lumină de centru.<a href="#cite_note-reid2009-87">[85]</a> În 2010, o măsurare a vitezei radiale a stelelor în haloul galactic a constatat că masa din interiorul unei sfere de 80 kpc este de 7 × 1011 M☉.<a href="#cite_note-gnedin2010-88">[86]</a> Conform unui studiu publicat în 2014, masa întregii Căi Lactee este estimată a fi de 8,5 × 1011 M☉,<a href="#cite_note-Jorge_Peñarrubia2014-89">[87]</a> dar aceasta este doar jumătate din masa galaxiei Andromeda.<a href="#cite_note-Jorge_Peñarrubia2014-89">[87]</a> În 2019, un studiu bazat pe observații de la Gaia și Hubble a estimat masa Căii Lactee într-o rază de 129.000 ani-lumină în jurul bulbului galactic între 1,10 × 1012 și 2,29 × 1012 M☉,<a href="#cite_note-gaia2019-90">[88]</a> adică aproximativ 1.500 de miliarde de <a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Masă solară">mase solare</a>. O mare parte din masa Căii Lactee pare a fi <a href="/wiki/Materie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Materie întunecată">materie întunecată</a>, o formă necunoscută și invizibilă a materiei care interacționează gravitațional cu materia obișnuită. Modelele matematice ale Căii Lactee sugerează că masa materiei întunecate este de 1–1,5 × 1012 M☉.<a href="#cite_note-McMillan2011-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-McMillan2016-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Studii recente indică o masă pornind de la 4,6 × 1010M☉<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> până la 4,5 × 1012 M☉.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Masa totală a tuturor stelelor din Calea Lactee este estimată a fi cuprinsă între 4,6 × 1010 M☉ și 6,43 × 1010 M☉.<a href="#cite_note-Licquia2013-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-McMillan2011-5">[5]</a> În afară de stele, există și gaz interstelar, care cuprinde 90% <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> și 10% <a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">heliu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ism1-95">[93]</a> Masa gazelor interstelare ale galaxiei este egală cu 10%-15% din masa totală a stelelor sale.<a href="#cite_note-ism2-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-ism1-95">[93]</a> Praful interstelar reprezintă 1% suplimentar din masa totală a gazului.<a href="#cite_note-ism1-95">[93]</a> În martie 2019, astronomii au raportat că masa galaxiei Calea Lactee este de 1,5 trilioane de <a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_solar%C4%83" title="Masă solară">mase solare</a> pe o rază de aproximativ 129.000 de ani-lumină, de peste două ori mai mult decât s-a stabilit în studiile anterioare și au sugerat că aproximativ 90% din masa galaxiei reprezintă <a href="/wiki/Materie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Materie întunecată">materie întunecată</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SA-20190308-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-ARX-20190208-30">[29]</a> În ciuda dimensiunii și masei sale, galaxia noastră este microscopică la scara <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Universului</a>. Observațiile efectuate cu instrumente moderne au făcut posibilă estimarea numărului de galaxii din <a href="/wiki/Universul_observabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Universul observabil">Universul observabil</a> la 200 de miliarde.<a href="#cite_note-jrasc83_6-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-apj624_2-97">[95]</a> Un studiu publicat în 2016, bazat pe datele colectate de telescopul spațial Hubble, sugerează mai degrabă o cantitate de zece ori mai mare sau 2.000 miliarde de galaxii.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conținut">Conținut</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Conținut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Conținut">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare boilerplate further">Pentru informații suplimentare, vezi Exoplanetă</div> Calea Lactee conține între 200 și 400 de miliarde de stele<a href="#cite_note-frommert_kronberg2005-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-wethington2010-100">[98]</a> și cel puțin 100 de miliarde de planete.<a href="#cite_note-villard20120111-101">[99]</a> Cantitățile exacte depind de numărul de stele cu mase foarte mici, care sunt dificil de detectat, în special la distanțe mai mari de 300 de ani-lumină de Soare. Pentru comparație, galaxia vecină Andromeda are un număr estimat de 1.000 de miliarde de stele (1012).<a href="#cite_note-young2006-102">[100]</a> Umplerea spațiului dintre stele este un disc de gaz și praf numit mediu interstelar. Acest disc are cel puțin o dimensiune comparabilă în rază cu stelele,<a href="#cite_note-science312_1773-103">[101]</a> în timp ce grosimea stratului de gaz variază de la sute de ani-lumină pentru gazul mai rece până la mii de ani-lumină pentru gazul mai cald.<a href="#cite_note-araa28_215-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-apj702_1472-105">[103]</a> Discul de stele din Calea Lactee nu are o margine precisă dincolo de care nu există stele. Mai degrabă, concentrația stelelor scade cu distanța de centrul Căii Lactee. Din motive care nu sunt înțelese, dincolo de o rază de aproximativ 40.000 de ani-lumină de centru, numărul de stele pe <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> cubic scade mult mai repede cu raza.<a href="#cite_note-arxiv0909.3857-106">[104]</a> Înconjurând discul galactic se află un halo galactic sferic de stele și roiuri globulare, care se extinde mai departe spre exterior, dar este limitat ca mărime de orbitele a doi sateliți ai Căii Lactee: <a href="/wiki/Marele_Nor_al_lui_Magellan" title="Marele Nor al lui Magellan">Marele Nor al lui Magellan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Micul_Nor_al_lui_Magellan" title="Micul Nor al lui Magellan">Micul Nor al lui Magellan</a>, a căror maximă apropiere de centrul galactic este de aproximativ 180.000 de ani-lumină.<a href="#cite_note-mnras371_1_108-107">[105]</a> La această distanță sau dincolo, orbitele majorității obiectelor din halo ar fi perturbate de Norii lui Magellan. Prin urmare, astfel de obiecte ar fi probabil expulzate din apropierea Căii Lactee. Magnitudinea vizuală absolută integrată a Căii Lactee este estimată a fi în jur de -20,9.<a href="#cite_note-coffey-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Karachentsev2004-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-milky_way_mag-110">[c]</a> Observarea micro-lentilelor gravitaționale cât și tranzitului planetar sugerează că ar exista cel puțin la fel de multe planete legate de stele pe cât există stele în Calea Lactee;<a href="#cite_note-Nature-20120111-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-borenstein2011-111">[108]</a> observarea micro-lentilelor gravitaționale indică faptul că există mai multe obiecte libere de masă planetară care nu sunt legate de stele gazdă decât sunt stelele.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa20110526-113">[110]</a> Calea Lactee conține cel puțin o planetă pe stea, ceea ce duce la 100-400 de miliarde de planete, potrivit unui studiu din ianuarie 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Space-20130102-28">[27]</a> O analiză din ianuarie 2013 a datelor Kepler a estimat că în Calea Lactee există cel puțin 17 miliarde de <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet%C4%83" title="Exoplanetă">exoplanete</a> de dimensiunea Pământului.<a href="#cite_note-Space-Billions-114">[111]</a> La 4 noiembrie 2013, astronomii au raportat, pe baza datelor misiunii spațiale Kepler, că ar putea exista până la 40 de miliarde de planete de dimensiunea Pământului care orbitează în zonele locuibile ale stelelor asemănătoare Soarelui și <a href="/wiki/Pitic%C4%83_ro%C8%99ie" title="Pitică roșie">piticelor roșii</a> din Calea Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20131104-115">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-PNAS-20131031-116">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-nov2013_planet_estimate-117">[114]</a> Cea mai apropiată exoplanetă poate fi la 4,2 ani-lumină, orbitând pitica roșie <a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri" title="Proxima Centauri">Proxima Centauri</a>, potrivit unui studiu din 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Planet-Alpha-Centauri-118">[115]</a> Astfel de planete de dimensiunea Pământului pot fi mai numeroase decât giganții gazoși.<a href="#cite_note-Nature-20120111-27">[26]</a> Pe lângă exoplanete, „exocometele”, comete dincolo de Sistemul Solar, au fost, de asemenea, detectate și pot fi frecvente în Calea Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-Space-Exocomets-119">[116]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 551.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 549.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="360-degree panorama view of the Milky Way (an assembled mosaic of photographs) by ESO, the galactic centre is in the middle of the view, with galactic north up"><img alt="360-degree panorama view of the Milky Way (an assembled mosaic of photographs) by ESO, the galactic centre is in the middle of the view, with galactic north up" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg/824px-ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg/1236px-ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg/1648px-ESO_-_Milky_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 530px"><div class="gallerytext">360-degree panorama view of the Milky Way (an assembled mosaic of photographs) by <a href="/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory" title="European Southern Observatory">ESO</a>, the galactic centre is in the middle of the view, with galactic north up</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structură">Structură</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Structură">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_(updated_-_annotated).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/220px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/330px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/440px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="5600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Concepție artistică despre structura în spirală a Căii Lactee cu două brațe stelare majore și o bară.<a href="#cite_note-two_arms-120">[117]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Milky_Way_IR_Spitzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Milky_Way_IR_Spitzer.jpg/220px-Milky_Way_IR_Spitzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Milky_Way_IR_Spitzer.jpg/330px-Milky_Way_IR_Spitzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Milky_Way_IR_Spitzer.jpg/440px-Milky_Way_IR_Spitzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3501" data-file-height="2525" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Telescopul Spitzer dezvăluie ceea ce nu poate fi văzut în lumina vizibilă: stele mai reci (albastre), praf încălzit (nuanță roșiatică) și Săgetător A* ca o pată albă strălucitoare la mijloc</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg/220px-X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg/330px-X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg/440px-X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lumini strălucitoare de raze-X de la Săgetătorul A*, locul unei <a href="/wiki/Gaur%C4%83_neagr%C4%83_supermasiv%C4%83" title="Gaură neagră supermasivă">găuri negre supermasive</a> din centrul Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150105-121">[118]</a></div></div></div></div></div> Calea Lactee include o regiune centrală sub forma unei bare înconjurată de un disc compus din gaze, praf și stele.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> Distribuția de masă în Calea Lactee seamănă îndeaproape cu tipul Sbc din clasificarea Hubble, tipică pentru galaxiile spiralate cu brațe curbate relativ libere.<a href="#cite_note-ssr100_1_129-124">[121]</a> În anii '60, astronomii au început să bănuiască că galaxia noastră este o <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_spiral%C4%83_barat%C4%83" title="Galaxie spirală barată">galaxie spirală barată</a>, mai degrabă decât o <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_spiral%C4%83" title="Galaxie spirală">galaxie spirală</a> obișnuită.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> Bănuiala lor a fost confirmată de observațiile Telescopului Spațial Spitzer în 2005,<a href="#cite_note-fn3-128">[125]</a> care au arătat că bara centrală a Căii Lactee este mai mare decât se credea anterior. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cadrane_galactice">Cadrane galactice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cadrane galactice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Cadrane galactice">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadran_galactic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadran galactic — pagină inexistentă">Cadran galactic</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> Calea Lactee poate fi împărțită în patru <a href="/wiki/Sector_de_cerc" title="Sector de cerc">sectoare de cerc</a> numite „cadrane galactice”. În practica astronomică curentă, Soarele este situat la polul nord galactic în sistemul de coordonate galactice.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Cadranele sunt descrise folosind numerale ordinale - de exemplu, „primul cadran galactic”,<a href="#cite_note-toolsofradio-130">[127]</a> „al doilea cadran galactic”,<a href="#cite_note-NASAAD131K-131">[128]</a> sau „al treilea cadran al Căii Lactee”.<a href="#cite_note-Lampton1997-132">[129]</a> Semidreapta care pornește de la polul nord galactic, deci de la Soare, și care unește centrul galactic face prin convenție un unghi de 0°. Cadranele sunt apoi definite după cum urmează: <ul><li>primul cadran galactic – 0° ≤ longitudine galactică (ℓ) ≤ 90°<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a></li> <li>al 2-lea cadran galactic – 90° ≤ ℓ ≤ 180°<a href="#cite_note-NASAAD131K-131">[128]</a></li> <li>al 3-lea cadran galactic – 180° ≤ ℓ ≤ 270°<a href="#cite_note-Lampton1997-132">[129]</a></li> <li>al 4-lea cadran galactic – 270° ≤ ℓ ≤ 360° (0°)<a href="#cite_note-toolsofradio-130">[127]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centrul_galactic">Centrul galactic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Centrul galactic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Centrul galactic">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Centru_galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centru galactic">Centru galactic</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Soarele este la 25.000–28.000 de ani-lumină de <a href="/wiki/Centrul_galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrul galactic">centrul galactic</a>. Această valoare este estimată folosind metode bazate pe geometrie sau prin măsurarea unor obiecte astronomice selectate care servesc pe post de „lumânări standard”, cu tehnici diferite care produc valori diferite în acest interval aproximativ.<a href="#cite_note-apj692_2_1075-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-boehle2016-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gillessen2016-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReideaSgrb2009-134">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanhollebeke09-135">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-majaess10-136">[133]</a> În interiorul unei raze de aproximativ 10.000 de ani-lumină, este o concentrație densă de stele în cea mai mare parte vechi, într-o formă aproximativ sferoidă numită <a href="/wiki/Bulb_(astronomie)" title="Bulb (astronomie)">bulb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Galactic_bulge-137">[134]</a> Unii oameni de știință cred că Calea Lactee nu are un bulb galactic, ci mai degrabă bulburi pseudo-galactice, care ar fi fost formate ca urmare a fuziunilor galactice, ceea ce ar explica prezența barei centrale.<a href="#cite_note-apjl_1_l72-138">[135]</a> Centrul galactic este marcat de o <a href="/wiki/Radioastronomie" title="Radioastronomie">sursă radio</a> intensă numită <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83get%C4%83torul_A*" class="mw-redirect" title="Săgetătorul A*">Săgetătorul A*</a>, descoperită în 1974, și care are un diametru de 45 de milioane de km. Mișcarea materialului în jurul centrului indică faptul că Săgetătorul A* adăpostește un obiect compact masiv.<a href="#cite_note-Jones2004-139">[136]</a> Această concentrație de masă este cel mai bine explicată ca fiind o <a href="/wiki/Gaur%C4%83_neagr%C4%83" title="Gaură neagră">gaură neagră</a> supermasivă,<a href="#cite_note-chandra2003-140">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-apj692_2_1075-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-apj689_2_1044-141">[137]</a> cu o masă estimată de 4,1–4,5 milioane de ori mai mare decât a Soarelui.<a href="#cite_note-apj689_2_1044-141">[137]</a> Rata de acreție a găurii negre este în concordanță cu un nucleu galactic inactiv, fiind estimată la aproximativ 1 × 10−5 M☉ pe an.<a href="#cite_note-wang13-142">[138]</a> Observațiile indică faptul că există găuri negre supermasive situate aproape de centrul majorității galaxiilor normale.<a href="#cite_note-blandford1999-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-frolov_zelnikov2011-144">[140]</a> Natura barei galaxiei noastre este supusă unei dezbateri active, estimarea jumătății sale cuprinzând între 3.000–16.000 ani-lumină, în timp ce înclinația sa, în raport cu linia de vedere care leagă Pământul de centrul galactic, este de 10-50°.<a href="#cite_note-vanhollebeke09-135">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-majaess10-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cabrera-Lavers08-145">[141]</a> Unii oameni de știință susțin că galaxia are două bare distincte, una încorporată în cealaltă.<a href="#cite_note-nishiyama06-146">[142]</a> Cu toate acestea, <a href="/wiki/Variabil%C4%83_RR_Lyrae" title="Variabilă RR Lyrae">stelele variabile de tip RR Lyrae</a> nu urmăresc o bară galactică proeminentă.<a href="#cite_note-majaess10-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-alcock98-147">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-kunder08-148">[144]</a> Bara ar putea fi înconjurată de ceea ce se numește „inelul de 5 kpc” (16.000 de ani-lumină) care conține o fracțiune mare din hidrogenul molecular prezent în Calea Lactee, precum și cea mai mare parte a activității de <a href="/wiki/Apari%C8%9Bia_stelelor" title="Apariția stelelor">formare a stelelor</a>. Dacă Calea Lactee ar fi fost observată din <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Andromeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxia Andromeda">galaxia Andromeda</a>, bara ar fi cea mai strălucitoare regiune.<a href="#cite_note-fn14-149">[145]</a> Emisia de raze X din miez este aliniată cu stelele masive care înconjoară bara centrală<a href="#cite_note-wang13-142">[138]</a> și creasta galactică.<a href="#cite_note-nature318_267-150">[146]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg/220px-800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg/330px-800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg/440px-800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption>Ilustrație a celor două gigantice bule cu raze-X/raze gamma (albastru-violet) ale Căii Lactee (centru)</figcaption></figure> În 2010, două bule sferice gigantice cu emisii ridicate de energie au fost detectate în nordul și sudul miezului Căii Lactee, folosind date de la telescopul spațial cu raze gamma Fermi. Diametrul fiecăreia dintre bule este de aproximativ 25.000 de ani-lumină (7,7 kpc); ele se întind până la constelațiile <a href="/wiki/Cocorul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Cocorul (constelație)">Cocorul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Fecioara_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Fecioara (constelație)">Fecioara</a> pe cerul nopții din emisfera sudică.<a href="#cite_note-overbye2010-151">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-sz2010-152">[148]</a> Ulterior, observații cu telescopul Parkes la frecvențele radio au identificat emisiile polarizate care sunt asociate cu bulele Fermi. Acest fenomen ar fi consecința unui curent magnetic de ieșire în urma formării de stele în interiorul unei sfere de 640 ani-lumină, care înconjoară centrul Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> Mai târziu, pe 5 ianuarie 2015, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> a raportat detectarea unei izbucniri de raze X de 400 de ori mai strălucitoare decât de obicei, bătând un record, de la Săgetătorul A*. Evenimentul neobișnuit ar fi putut fi cauzat de fărâmițarea unui <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> care a căzut în gaura neagră sau de înfășurarea liniilor de câmp magnetic cu gazul care curge în Săgetătorul A*.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150105-121">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brațe_spiralate">Brațe spiralate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Brațe spiralate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Brațe spiralate">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <dl><dd><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare boilerplate seealso">Pentru mai multe detalii despre acest subiect, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9B_spiral" title="Braț spiral">Braț spiral</a>.</div></dd></dl> În afara influenței gravitaționale a barei galactice, structura mediului interstelar și a stelelor din discul Căii Lactee este organizat în patru brațe spiralate.<a href="#cite_note-churchwell09-154">[150]</a> Aceste brațe sunt formate dintr-un amestec de gaz și praf, de obicei mai dens decât media galactică, precum și o concentrație mai mare de pepiniere de stele și nori moleculari.<a href="#cite_note-TaylorCordes-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-russeil03-156">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> Structura spirală a Căii Lactee este incertă și în prezent nu există un consens asupra naturii brațelor spiralate ale Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-two_arms-120">[117]</a> Modelele în spirală logaritmice perfecte descriu doar caracteristici în apropierea Soarelui,<a href="#cite_note-russeil03-156">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-majaess09b-158">[154]</a> deoarece galaxiile au în mod obișnuit brațe care se ramifică, se unesc, se răsucesc pe neașteptate și prezintă un grad de neregularitate.<a href="#cite_note-majaess10-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-majaess09b-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-lepine10-159">[155]</a> Conform unui scenariu credibil, Soarele este situat în cadrul unui impuls/braț local;<a href="#cite_note-russeil03-156">[152]</a> acest scenariu poate fi repetat în altă parte a Galaxiei.<a href="#cite_note-majaess09b-158">[154]</a> Ca în majoritatea galaxiilor spiralate, fiecare braț respectă aproximativ o lege logaritmică. Unghiul de înclinare, în raport cu discul galactic, se află într-un interval cuprins între 7 și 25°. Se crede că există patru brațe în spirală care pornesc toate în apropierea centrului Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> Acestea sunt denumite după cum urmează, cu pozițiile brațelor afișate în imaginea din dreapta: <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Milky_Way_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Milky_Way_Arms.svg/400px-Milky_Way_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Milky_Way_Arms.svg/600px-Milky_Way_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Milky_Way_Arms.svg/800px-Milky_Way_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Brațe spiralate observate (linii solide) și extrapolate (linii punctate). Segmentele pleacă din centrul galaxiei spre spre constelații al căror nume este prescurtat de trei litere.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Culoare </th> <th>Braț </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#28c7b4;">turcoaz </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bra%C8%9Bul_3_kiloparsec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brațul 3 kiloparsec — pagină inexistentă">Brațul 3 kiloparsec</a> și <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Perseu" title="Brațul Perseu">Brațul Perseu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#928bff;">mov </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Echerul" title="Brațul Echerul">Brațul Echerul</a> (împreună cu extensia descoperită în 2004<a href="#cite_note-mcclure-griffiths-161">[157]</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#07c459;">verde </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Scutul%E2%80%93Crucea" title="Brațul Scutul–Crucea">Brațul Scutul–Crucea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff6c6c;">roz </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bra%C8%9Bul_Carena-S%C4%83get%C4%83tor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brațul Carena-Săgetător — pagină inexistentă">Brațul Carena-Săgetător</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Există cel puțin două mici brațe, printre care: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ff9b00;">portocaliu </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Orion%E2%80%93Leb%C4%83da" class="mw-redirect" title="Brațul Orion–Lebăda">Brațul Orion–Lebăda</a> (care conține Soarele și Sistemul Solar) </td></tr></tbody></table> Poziția brațelor spiralate Scutul–Crucea și Carena-Săgetător înseamnă că linii <a href="/wiki/Tangent%C4%83_(geometrie)" title="Tangentă (geometrie)">tangente</a> cu aceste brațe pot fi trase de la Soare. Dacă aceste brațe ar conține o supra-densitate de stele în comparație cu densitatea medie a stelelor din discul galactic, aceasta ar fi detectabilă prin numărarea stelelor în apropierea punctului tangent. Două studii efectuate în infraroșu, sensibile la <a href="/wiki/Gigant%C4%83_ro%C8%99ie" title="Gigantă roșie">gigantele roșii</a> și care nu sunt afectate de extincția prafului, au detectat supradensitate în brațul Scutul–Crucea, dar nu și în brațul Carena-Săgetător: primul include cu aproximativ 30% mai multe gigante roșii decât ar fi de așteptat dacă brațul spiralat ar lipsi.<a href="#cite_note-Drimmel2000-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin2005-163">[159]</a> În 2008, astrofizicianul Robert Benjamin a folosit acest studiu pentru a sugera că galaxia noastră are doar două brațe stelare majore: brațul Perseu și brațul Scutul–Crucea. Celelalte brațe conțin exces de gaz, dar nu exces de stele vechi.<a href="#cite_note-two_arms-120">[117]</a> În decembrie 2013, astronomii, după ce au stabilit distribuția de stele tinere și a regiunilor formatoare de stele, au ajuns la concluzia că galaxia noastră cuprinde patru brațe în spirală.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-urquart2013-166">[162]</a> Astfel, Calea Lactee pare să aibă două brațe în spirală construite de stele vechi, și patru brațe în spirală construite de gaze și stele tinere. Explicația pentru această aparentă discrepanță este neclară.<a href="#cite_note-urquart2013-166">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:LombergA1024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/300px-LombergA1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/450px-LombergA1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/600px-LombergA1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption>Calea Lactee</figcaption></figure> Brațul (apropiat) de 3 kiloparsec a fost descoperit, în anii 1950, de astronomul H. van Woerden și colaboratorii săi prin măsurători de radioastronomie pe 21 cm.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dame-168">[164]</a> S-a descoperit că se îndepărtează de bulbul galactic cu mai mult de 50 km/s. Este situat în al patrulea cadran galactic la o distanță de aproximativ 5,2 kpc de Soare și 3,3 kpc de centrul galactic. Brațul (îndepărtat) de 3 kiloparsec a fost descoperit, în 2008, de astronomul Tom Dame. Este localizat în primul cadran galactic la o distanță de 3 kpc (aproximativ 10.000 ani-lumină) de centrul galactic.<a href="#cite_note-Dame-168">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> Rezultatele unei simulări publicate în 2011 sugerează că brațele spiralate ale Căii Lactee s-au format ca urmare a coliziunilor repetate cu galaxia pitică a Săgetătorului.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> În urma unei simulări numerice a dinamicii diferitelor brațe spiralate, specialiștii au sugerat că galaxia noastră include două tipare spiralate: o structură internă, formată din brațul Săgetătorului, care se rotește rapid și, o structură externă, formată din brațele Carena și Perseu, a căror viteză de rotație este mai lentă. În afara brațelor spiralate majore se află Inelul Monoceros (sau Inelul exterior), un inel de gaze și stele rupte din alte galaxii cu miliarde de ani în urmă. Cu toate acestea, mai mulți membri ai comunității științifice au afirmat că structura Monoceros nu este altceva decât o supra-densitate produsă de un semnal luminos și o răsucire a discului gros al Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> Structura discului galaxiei este deformată de-a lungul unei curbe în formă de „S”.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halou">Halou</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Halou" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Halou">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em">Parte dintr-o serie despre</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cosmologie#Cosmologia_fizică" title="Cosmologie">Cosmologie fizică</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;border:0;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2rsta_universului" title="Vârsta universului">Vârsta universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_grafic%C4%83_a_universului" title="Cronologia grafică a universului">Cronologia universului</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;">Universul timpuriu</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;paddding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_Plank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unități Plank — pagină inexistentă">Epoca Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_marii_unific%C4%83ri" title="Epoca marii unificări">Epoca marii unificări</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_electroslab%C4%83" title="Epoca electroslabă">Epoca electroslabă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_quark" title="Epoca quark">Epoca quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_hadron" title="Epoca hadron">Epoca hadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_lepton" title="Epoca lepton">Epoca lepton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoca_foton" title="Epoca foton">Epoca foton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleosinteza_Big_Bang" title="Nucleosinteza Big Bang">Nucleosinteza Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vid_fals" title="Vid fals">Vid fals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infla%C8%9Bie_cosmic%C4%83" title="Inflație cosmică">Inflație</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Fundaluri</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_cosmic%C4%83_de_fond" title="Radiație cosmică de fond">Radiație cosmică de fond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fond_cosmic_de_neutrini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fond cosmic de neutrini — pagină inexistentă">Fond cosmic de neutrini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fond_cosmic_infraro%C8%99u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fond cosmic infraroșu — pagină inexistentă">Fond cosmic infraroșu</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;">Expansiune • Viitor</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Hubble" title="Legea lui Hubble">Legea lui Hubble</a> • <a href="/wiki/Deplasare_spre_ro%C8%99u" title="Deplasare spre roșu">Deplasare spre roșu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansiunea_universului" title="Expansiunea universului">Expansiunea universului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accelerarea_expansiunii_universului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accelerarea expansiunii universului — pagină inexistentă">Accelerarea expansiunii universului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelul_Friedmann%E2%80%93Lema%C3%AEtre%E2%80%93Robertson%E2%80%93Walke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelul Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walke — pagină inexistentă">Modelul FLRW</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecua%C8%9Biile_lui_Friedmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecuațiile lui Friedmann — pagină inexistentă">Ecuațiile lui Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soarta_final%C4%83_a_universului" title="Soarta finală a universului">Soarta finală a universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moartea_termic%C4%83_a_universului" title="Moartea termică a universului">Moartea termică a universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bounce" title="Big Bounce">Big Bounce</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;">Componente • Structură</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;paddding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Componente</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modelul_Lambda-CDM" title="Modelul Lambda-CDM">Modelul Lambda-CDM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materia_barionic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materia barionică — pagină inexistentă">Materia barionică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie" title="Radiație">Radiație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" title="Energie întunecată">Energie întunecată</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chintesen%C8%9B%C4%83_(fizic%C4%83)" title="Chintesență (fizică)">Chintesență</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_fantom%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie fantomă — pagină inexistentă">Energie fantomă</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materia_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" title="Materia întunecată">Materia întunecată</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radia%C8%9Bie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiație întunecată — pagină inexistentă">Radiație întunecată</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Structură</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forma_universului" title="Forma universului">Forma universului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reionizare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reionizare — pagină inexistentă">Reionizare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Structura_%C8%99i_arhitectura_universului" title="Structura și arhitectura universului">Structura și arhitectura universului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formarea_%C8%99i_evolu%C8%9Bia_galaxiilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Formarea și evoluția galaxiilor">Formarea galaxiilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popula%C8%9Bie_de_stele" title="Populație de stele">Populație de stele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filament_galactic" title="Filament galactic">Filament galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-roi_de_galaxii" title="Super-roi de galaxii">Super-roi de galaxii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_de_galaxii" title="Roi de galaxii">Roi de galaxii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grup_de_galaxii" title="Grup de galaxii">Grup de galaxii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halou_(materia_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halou (materia întunecată) — pagină inexistentă">Halou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_stelar" title="Roi stelar">Roi de stele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem solar">Sistem solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_planetar" title="Sistem planetar">Sistem planetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vid_(astronomie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vid (astronomie)">Vid</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmologie_observa%C8%9Bional%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmologie observațională — pagină inexistentă">Experimente</a></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BOOMERanG_experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BOOMERanG experiment — pagină inexistentă">BOOMERanG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_Energy_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dark Energy Survey — pagină inexistentă">Dark Energy Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)" title="Euclid (navă spațială)">Euclid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proiectul_Illustris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proiectul Illustris — pagină inexistentă">Proiectul Illustris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Synoptic_Survey_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Synoptic Survey Telescope — pagină inexistentă">Large Synoptic Survey Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planck_(nav%C4%83_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planck (navă spațială) — pagină inexistentă">Observatorul spațial Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey" title="Sloan Digital Sky Survey">Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)</a></li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)</a></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:#ddd8e7;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_cosmologi" title="Listă de cosmologi">Oameni de știință</a></li></ul></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><div class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.9em;"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Aaronson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Aaronson — pagină inexistentă">Aaronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Asher_Alpher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Asher Alpher — pagină inexistentă">Alpher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somnath_Bharadwaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somnath Bharadwaj — pagină inexistentă">Bharadwaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter" title="Willem de Sitter">de Sitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert H. Dicke">Dicke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Eddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Eddington">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Ehlers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Ehlers — pagină inexistentă">Ehlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_F._R._Ellis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George F. R. Ellis — pagină inexistentă">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Friedmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Friedmann">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gamow" title="George Gamow">Gamow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Guth" title="Alan Guth">Guth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Linde" title="Andrei Linde">Linde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Schwarzschild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_Seljak" title="Uroš Seljak">Seljak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Starobinskii" title="Alexei Starobinskii">Starobinskii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Steinhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Steinhardt — pagină inexistentă">Steinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_B._Suntzeff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas B. Suntzeff — pagină inexistentă">Suntzeff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%99id_Siuneaev" title="Rașid Siuneaev">Siuneaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tolman" title="Richard C. Tolman">Tolman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakov_Borisovici_Zeldovici" class="mw-redirect" title="Iakov Borisovici Zeldovici">Zeldovici</a></li> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;display:block;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.6em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cosmologie_fizic%C4%83" title="Categorie:Cosmologie fizică">Categorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie">Portal Astronomie</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Cosmologie" title="Format:Cosmologie"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Cosmologie" title="Discuție Format:Cosmologie"><abbr title="Discută acest format">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Cosmologie&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Discul galactic este înconjurat de un halou sferoid compus din stele vechi și roiuri globulare, dintre care 90% sunt situate la mai puțin de 100.000 de ani-lumină de centrul galactic.<a href="#cite_note-harris2003-173">[169]</a> Totuși, câteva roiuri globulare au fost descoperite la distanțe mai mari, la peste 200.000 ani-lumină de centrul galactic. Aproximativ 40% din grupurile din galaxie sunt pe orbite retrograde, ceea ce înseamnă că se mișcă în sens opus față de rotația Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-aaa313_119-174">[170]</a> Chiar dacă discul conține praf care absoarbe anumite lungimi de undă, haloul este transparent. Formarea stelelor active are loc în disc (în special în brațele spiralate, care reprezintă zone cu densitate ridicată), dar nu are loc în halou, deoarece include prea puțin gaz suficient de rece, condiție esențială pentru nașterea stelelor.<a href="#cite_note-sparke_gallagher-13">[13]</a> Descoperirile de la începutul secolului XXI au oferit o mai bună înțelegere a structurii Căii Lactee. După ce s-a descoperit faptul că discul <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(galaxie)" title="Andromeda (galaxie)">galaxiei Andromeda</a> este mai mare decât au sugerat studiile anterioare,<a href="#cite_note-fn5-175">[171]</a> a părut rezonabilă posibilitatea ca și discul galaxiei noastre să se extindă mai departe, ipoteză susținută de descoperirea unei extensii a Brațului Lebedei<a href="#cite_note-mcclure-griffiths-161">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-fn6-176">[172]</a> și o extensie similară a Brațului Scutul-Crucea.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> În ianuarie 2006, astronomul Mario Jurić și colaboratorii au anunțat că observațiile SDSS au relevat că cerul nordic prezintă o imensă structură difuză - ocupând o suprafață de 5.000 de ori mai mare decât luna plină - pe care modelele actuale nu o pot explica. Acest set de stele se ridică aproape perpendicular pe planul brațelor spiralate. Interpretarea propusă a fost aceea că o [galaxie pitică]] se contopește cu Calea Lactee. Această galaxie a primit temporar numele de „curentul stelar Fecioara”, situându-se în direcția constelației <a href="/wiki/Fecioara_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Fecioara (constelație)">Fecioara</a>, la aproximativ 30.000 de ani-lumină distanță de Terra.<a href="#cite_note-apj673_2_864-178">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Halou_gazos">Halou gazos</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Halou gazos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Halou gazos">modificare sursă</a>]</div> În plus față de haloul stelar, Observatorul de raze-X Chandra, XMM-Newton și satelitul Suzaku au furnizat dovezi că există un halou gazos cu o cantitate mare de gaz fierbinte. Haloul se extinde pe sute de mii de ani-lumină, considerabil mai departe decât haloul stelar, până în vecinătatea Norilor lui Magellan. Masa acestui halou fierbinte este aproape echivalentă cu masa Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-chandra_hotgas-179">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> Temperatura acestui halou gazos este între 1 și 2,5 milioane K.<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> Studiul galaxiilor îndepărtate ne permite să concluzionăm că <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Universul</a>, atunci când avea doar câteva miliarde de ani, conținea aproximativ de șase ori mai puțin materie <a href="/wiki/Barion" title="Barion">barionică</a> (obișnuită) decât materia întunecată. Cu toate acestea, doar aproximativ jumătate din acei barioni sunt contabilizați în Universul modern pe baza observațiilor galaxiilor din apropiere precum Calea Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-Harrington_feature-183">[179]</a> Dacă se confirmă faptul că masa halou-ului este comparabilă cu masa Căii Lactee, ar putea fi identificați barionii dispăruți din jurul Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-Harrington_feature-183">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poziția_și_vecinătatea_Soarelui">Poziția și vecinătatea Soarelui</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Poziția și vecinătatea Soarelui" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Poziția și vecinătatea Soarelui">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Galactic_longitude.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Galactic_longitude.JPG/220px-Galactic_longitude.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Galactic_longitude.JPG/330px-Galactic_longitude.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Galactic_longitude.JPG/440px-Galactic_longitude.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1134" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Diagrama localizării Soarelui în Calea Lactee; unghiurile reprezintă lungimi în sistemul de coordonate galactice</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:04-Closest_Stars_(LofE04240).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/04-Closest_Stars_%28LofE04240%29.png/220px-04-Closest_Stars_%28LofE04240%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/04-Closest_Stars_%28LofE04240%29.png/330px-04-Closest_Stars_%28LofE04240%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/04-Closest_Stars_%28LofE04240%29.png/440px-04-Closest_Stars_%28LofE04240%29.png 2x" data-file-width="5172" data-file-height="3786" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Diagrama stelelor din vecinătatea Soarelui</div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soarele</a> este aproape de interiorul <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Orion" title="Brațul Orion">Brațului Orion</a>, în interiorul <a href="/wiki/Norul_Interstelar_Local" title="Norul Interstelar Local">Norului Interstelar Local</a> al <a href="/wiki/Bula_Local%C4%83" title="Bula Locală">Bulei Locale</a> și în <a href="/wiki/Centura_Gould" title="Centura Gould">Centura Gould</a>. Bazat pe studiile orbitelor stelare din jurul Săgetătorul A* realizat de Gillessen și colaboratorii (2016), Soarele se află la o distanță estimată de 27.140 ± 460 ani-lumină față de centrul galactic.<a href="#cite_note-Gillessen2016-12">[12]</a> Boehle și colaboratorii (2016) au găsit o valoare mai mică de 25.640 ± 460 ani-lumină, folosind și o analiză a orbitei stelare.<a href="#cite_note-boehle2016-11">[11]</a> În prezent, Soarele se află la 16-98 ani-lumină deasupra sau la nord de planul central al discului galactic.<a href="#cite_note-majaess2009-184">[180]</a> Distanța dintre brațul local și următorul braț, <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Perseu" title="Brațul Perseu">Brațul Perseu</a>, este de aproximativ 6.500 ani-lumină.<a href="#cite_note-fn9-185">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemul Solar">Sistemul Solar</a> este situat în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_locuibil%C4%83_galactic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona locuibilă galactică — pagină inexistentă">zona locuibilă a Căii Lactee</a>. Conform calculelor, rezultă faptul că există mult mai multe stele cu lumină scăzută decât stele cu lumină mare. Pe întregul cer, aproximativ 500 de stele care sunt mai luminoase decât <a href="/wiki/Magnitudine_aparent%C4%83" title="Magnitudine aparentă">magnitudinea aparentă</a> 4, în timp ce 15,5 milioane de stele sunt mai luminoase decât magnitudinea aparentă 14.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> Direcția generală a mișcării galactice a Soarelui este spre steaua <a href="/wiki/Vega" title="Vega">Vega</a>, lângă constelația <a href="/wiki/Hercule_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Hercule (constelație)">Hercule</a>, cu un unghi de aproximativ 60 de grade față de direcția centrului galactic. Orbita Soarelui este de așteptat să fie aproximativ eliptică, care este perturbată de brațele spiralate și distribuția neuniformă a masei în galaxie. În plus, în raport cu planul galactic, calea Soarelui oscilează de aproximativ 2,7 ori pe orbită.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> Oamenii de știință au crezut până de curând că aceste oscilații coincid cu perioadele de <a href="/wiki/Extinc%C8%9Bie_%C3%AEn_mas%C4%83" title="Extincție în masă">extincție în masă</a> a vieții pe Pământ,<a href="#cite_note-extinction-188">[184]</a> însă o reanalizare a efectelor tranzitului Soarelui prin structura spirală bazată pe datele CO nu a reușit să găsească o corelație.<a href="#cite_note-overholt_etal-189">[185]</a> Sistemul solar completează o orbită în jurul Căii Lactee în aproximativ 240 de milioane de ani (un an galactic),<a href="#cite_note-sparke_gallagher-13">[13]</a> astfel încât se crede că Soarele a finalizat 18-20 de orbite în timpul vieții sale. Viteza orbitală a Sistemului Solar în jurul centrului Căii Lactee este de aproximativ 220 km/s (792.000 km/h) sau 0,073% din <a href="/wiki/Viteza_luminii" title="Viteza luminii">viteza luminii</a>. Cu această viteză, sistemul solar are nevoie de aproximativ 1.400 de ani pentru a parcurge o distanță de 1 an-lumină sau 8 zile să călătorească 1 AU (<a href="/wiki/Unitate_astronomic%C4%83" title="Unitate astronomică">unitate astronomică</a>).<a href="#cite_note-garlick2002-190">[186]</a> Sistemul solar se îndreaptă în direcția constelației <a href="/wiki/Scorpionul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Scorpionul (constelație)">Scorpion</a>, care se află pe eliptică.<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formare">Formare</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Formare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Formare">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Existența Căii Lactee a început sub forma uneia sau a mai multor mase mici de densitate peste medie la scurt timp după <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PHYS-20170727-192">[188]</a> Unele dintre aceste supra-densități au servit ca germeni pentru roiurile globulare în care s-au format cele mai vechi stele. Este posibil ca aproape jumătate din materia din Calea Lactee să fi provenit din alte galaxii îndepărtate.<a href="#cite_note-PHYS-20170727-192">[188]</a> În câteva miliarde de ani de la nașterea primelor stele, masa Căii Lactee era suficient de mare pentru a se învârti relativ repede. Datorită <a href="/wiki/Moment_cinetic#Principiul_conservării_momentului_cinetic" title="Moment cinetic">conservării momentului cinetic</a>, mediul interstelar gazos s-a aplatizat de la un sferoid la un disc. În acest disc spiral, s-au format generațiile ulterioare de stele. Majoritatea stelelor tinere, inclusiv Soarele, se găsesc în discul galactic.<a href="#cite_note-ut20090527-193">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buser-194">[190]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Center_Milky_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Center_Milky_Way.jpg/300px-Center_Milky_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Center_Milky_Way.jpg/450px-Center_Milky_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Center_Milky_Way.jpg/600px-Center_Milky_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="962" /></a><figcaption>Calea Lactee </figcaption></figure> După formarea primelor stele, Calea Lactee a crescut atât prin fuziunea galaxiilor (în special în primii ani de creștere), cât și prin acreția gazului prezent în haloul galactic.<a href="#cite_note-Buser-194">[190]</a> Calea Lactee acumulează în prezent material din mai multe galaxii mici, inclusiv două dintre cele mai mari galaxii satelit ale sale: Norii Mici și Mari ai lui Magellan. Acreția directă a gazului este observată în nori cu viteză mare, precum Norul Smith.<a href="#cite_note-araa35_217-195">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-apj679_L21-196">[192]</a> Cu toate acestea, proprietăți ale Căii Lactee, cum ar fi masa stelară, momentul cinetic și metalicitatea în regiunile sale ultraperiferice sugerează că nu a suferit fuziuni cu galaxii mari în ultimii 10 miliarde de ani. Această lipsă de fuziuni majore recente este neobișnuită printre galaxiile spirală similare; vecina sa, <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Andromeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxia Andromeda">Galaxia Andromeda</a> pare să aibă o istorie mai tipică, modelată de fuziuni mai recente cu galaxii relativ mari.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> Conform studiilor recente, Calea Lactee, precum și Galaxia Andromeda se află în ceea ce este numit „valea verde” a diagramei mărimii culorilor din galaxii. Această regiune este populată de galaxii care tranzitează de la „norul albastru” (galaxii care creează regulat stele) la „secvența roșie” (galaxii care nu mai creează stele). Activitatea de formare a stelelor în galaxiile din valea verde încetinește pe măsură ce acestea rămân fără gaz care formează stele în mediul interstelar. Observarea galaxiilor similare cu Calea Lactee arată că este printre cele mai roșii și mai strălucitoare dintre toate galaxiile spiralate care încă continuă să creeze stele noi și este doar puțin mai albă decât cele mai albastre galaxii de secvență roșie.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> În 2019, oamenii de știință de la Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) au descoperit 28 de stele noi în Calea Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vârsta_și_istoria_cosmologică">Vârsta și istoria cosmologică</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vârsta și istoria cosmologică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Vârsta și istoria cosmologică">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:A_firestorm_of_star_birth_(artist%E2%80%99s_illustration).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/A_firestorm_of_star_birth_%28artist%E2%80%99s_illustration%29.jpg/300px-A_firestorm_of_star_birth_%28artist%E2%80%99s_illustration%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/A_firestorm_of_star_birth_%28artist%E2%80%99s_illustration%29.jpg/450px-A_firestorm_of_star_birth_%28artist%E2%80%99s_illustration%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/A_firestorm_of_star_birth_%28artist%E2%80%99s_illustration%29.jpg/600px-A_firestorm_of_star_birth_%28artist%E2%80%99s_illustration%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Ilustrația unui cer de noapte de pe o planetă ipotetică din Calea Lactee în urmă cu 10 miliarde de ani.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a></figcaption></figure> Roiurile globulare se numără printre cele mai vechi obiecte din Calea Lactee, care stabilesc astfel o limită inferioară a vârstei Căii Lactee. Vârstele stelelor individuale din Calea Lactee poate fi estimată prin măsurarea abundenței de elemente radioactive cu viață lungă, cum ar fi toriu-232 și uraniu-238, apoi compararea rezultatelor cu estimările abundenței lor originale. Conform acestei tehnici, numite nucleocosmocronologie, vârsta pentru steaua lui Cayrel este de 12,5 ± 3 miliarde de ani<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> iar pentru steaua BD+17°3248 este de 13,8 ± 4 miliarde de ani.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> O altă tehnică de calcul se bazează pe studiul <a href="/wiki/Pitic%C4%83_alb%C4%83" title="Pitică albă">piticelor albe</a>. Când se formează, se răcesc prin emisii de radiații, și temperatura suprafeței lor scade constant. Măsurând temperaturile celor mai reci dintre aceste pitice albe și comparând-o cu temperatura inițială preconizată, se poate face o estimare a vârstei. Prin această tehnică, vârsta roiului globular M4 a fost estimată la 12,7 ± 0,7 miliarde de ani. În noiembrie 2018, astronomii au raportat descoperirea uneia dintre cele mai vechi stele din <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">univers</a>. Are în jur de 13,5 miliarde de ani, este o mică stea ultra-săracă în metal, este realizată aproape în totalitate din materiale eliberate din <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>, se numește 2MASS J18082002-5104378 B și este posibil să fie una dintre primele stele. Descoperirea stelei în galaxia Calea Lactee sugerează că galaxia noastră poate fi cu cel puțin 3 miliarde de ani mai veche decât se credea anterior.<a href="#cite_note-EA-20181105-204">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-JHU-20181105-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-ApJ-20181105-206">[202]</a> Vârsta mai multor stele solitare din haloul galactic este foarte aproape de <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2rsta_Universului" class="mw-redirect" title="Vârsta Universului">vârsta Universului</a>, sau 13,8 miliarde de ani. De exemplu, HE 1523-0901, o <a href="/wiki/Gigant%C4%83_ro%C8%99ie" title="Gigantă roșie">gigantă roșie</a>, a fost estimată la o vechime de aproximativ 13,2 miliarde de ani. Ca cel mai vechi obiect cunoscut din Calea Lactee la acea vreme, această măsurare a plasat o limită inferioară vârstei Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-frebel-207">[203]</a> Această estimare a fost făcută utilizând spectrograful UV-Visual Echelle al <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope" title="Very Large Telescope">Very Large Telescope</a> pentru a măsura punctele tari ale <a href="/wiki/Linie_spectral%C4%83" title="Linie spectrală">liniilor spectrale</a> cauzate de prezența <a href="/wiki/Toriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Toriu">toriului</a> și a altor <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">elemente</a> create prin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Procesul-R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procesul-R — pagină inexistentă">procesul-R</a>. Punctele tari ale liniei produc abundențe de izotopi elementari diferiți, din care se poate obține o estimare a vârstei stelei folosind nucleocosmocronologia.<a href="#cite_note-frebel-207">[203]</a> O altă stea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=HD_140283&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HD 140283 — pagină inexistentă">HD 140283</a>, are 14,5 ± 0,7 miliarde de ani (din cauza incertitudinii, vârsta stelei nu este contradictorie cu vârsta Universului).<a href="#cite_note-HD_140283_(arXiv)-208">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> Conform observațiilor care utilizează <a href="/wiki/Optica_adaptativ%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Optica adaptativă">optica adaptativă</a> pentru a corecta distorsiunea atmosferică a Pământului, stelele din <a href="/wiki/Bulb_(astronomie)" title="Bulb (astronomie)">bulbul</a> galaxiei au o vechime de aproximativ 12,8 miliarde de ani.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> Vârsta stelelor din discul subțire galactic a fost, de asemenea, estimată folosind nucleocosmocronologia. Măsurătorile stelelor din discul subțire dau o estimare că discul subțire s-a format acum 8,8 ± 1,7 miliarde de ani. Aceste măsurători sugerează că a existat un hiatus de aproape 5 miliarde de ani între formarea haloului galactic și discul subțire.<a href="#cite_note-del_Peloso-211">[207]</a> Analiza recentă a semnăturilor chimice a mii de stele sugerează că formarea stelelor ar fi scăzut cu un ordin de mărime în momentul formării discului, acum 10-8 miliarde de ani, când gazul interstelar era prea cald pentru a forma stele noi la aceeași rată ca înainte.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> Galaxiile satelite care înconjoară Calea Lactee nu sunt distribuite la întâmplare, dar par a fi rezultatul unei despărțiri a unui sistem mai mare care produce o structură inelară de 500.000 de ani-lumină în diametru și lată de 50.000 de ani-lumină.<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> În întâlnirile strânse între galaxii, cum este cea așteptată cu Galaxia Andromeda peste 4 miliarde de ani, se desprind cozi uriașe de gaz, care, în timp, pot fuziona pentru a forma galaxii pitice, într-un unghi arbitrar față de discul principal.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mediu">Mediu</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mediu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Mediu">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:06-Local_Group_(LofE06240).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/06-Local_Group_%28LofE06240%29.png/220px-06-Local_Group_%28LofE06240%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/06-Local_Group_%28LofE06240%29.png/330px-06-Local_Group_%28LofE06240%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/06-Local_Group_%28LofE06240%29.png/440px-06-Local_Group_%28LofE06240%29.png 2x" data-file-width="5172" data-file-height="3786" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Diagrama galaxiilor în <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a>; Calea Lactee (în roșu) este în centru.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:07-Laniakea_(LofE07240).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/07-Laniakea_%28LofE07240%29.png/220px-07-Laniakea_%28LofE07240%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/07-Laniakea_%28LofE07240%29.png/330px-07-Laniakea_%28LofE07240%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/07-Laniakea_%28LofE07240%29.png/440px-07-Laniakea_%28LofE07240%29.png 2x" data-file-width="5172" data-file-height="3786" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Poziția Grupului Local (în roșu) în super-roiul <a href="/wiki/Laniakea" title="Laniakea">Laniakea</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Calea Lactee și Galaxia Andromeda sunt un sistem binar de galaxii în spirală uriașe aparținând unui grup de 50 de galaxii strâns legate cunoscut sub numele de <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a>. Acesta face parte la rândul său din <a href="/wiki/Fecioara_(super-roi_de_galaxii)" title="Fecioara (super-roi de galaxii)">super-roiul de galaxii din Fecioara</a>, care aparține unei structuri mai mari, numită <a href="/wiki/Laniakea" title="Laniakea">Laniakea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> Două galaxii mai mici și un număr de galaxii pitice din Grupul Local orbitează Calea Lactee. Cea mai mare dintre acestea este <a href="/wiki/Marele_Nor_al_lui_Magellan" title="Marele Nor al lui Magellan">Marele Nor al lui Magellan</a> cu un diametru de 14.000 de ani-lumină. Însoțitorul său apropiat este <a href="/wiki/Micul_Nor_al_lui_Magellan" title="Micul Nor al lui Magellan">Micul Nor al lui Magellan</a>, o galaxie neregulată. Curentul Magellanic este un flux de gaz hidrogen neutru (neionizat), care se extinde din aceste două mici galaxii pe 100 de grade din sfera cerească și face legătura între Calea Lactee cu cei doi nori ai lui Magellan.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> Printre galaxiile pitice care orbitează Calea Lactee se numără: <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_C%C3%A2inele_Mare" title="Galaxia Pitică din Câinele Mare">Galaxia Pitică din Câinele Mare</a> (cea mai apropiată), <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_S%C4%83get%C4%83torul" title="Galaxia Pitică din Săgetătorul">Galaxia Pitică din Săgetătorul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Ursa_Mic%C4%83" title="Galaxia Pitică din Ursa Mică">Galaxia Pitică din Ursa Mică</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Sculptorul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxia Pitică din Sculptorul — pagină inexistentă">Galaxia Pitică din Sculptorul</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Sextantul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxia Pitică din Sextantul — pagină inexistentă">Galaxia Pitică din Sextantul</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Cuptorul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxia Pitică din Cuptorul — pagină inexistentă">Galaxia Pitică din Cuptorul</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Leul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxia Pitică din Leul — pagină inexistentă">Galaxia Pitică din Leul</a>. Cele mai mici galaxii pitice din Calea Lactee au doar 500 de ani-lumină în diametru; printre acestea se numără: <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Carena" title="Galaxia Pitică din Carena">Galaxia Pitică din Carena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Dragonul" title="Galaxia Pitică din Dragonul">Galaxia Pitică din Dragonul</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Leul_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxia Pitică din Leul B — pagină inexistentă">Galaxia Pitică din Leul B</a>. Încă mai pot exista galaxii pitice nedetectate care sunt legate dinamic de Calea Lactee, ipoteză susținută de detectarea a nouă sateliți noi ai Căii Lactee în 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Koposov2015-217">[213]</a> Există unele galaxii pitice care au fost deja absorbite de Calea Lactee, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Omega-Centauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Omega-Centauri">Omega-Centauri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> În 2014, cercetătorii au raportat că majoritatea galaxiilor satelit ale Căii Lactee se află în interiorul unui disc imens și orbitează în aceeași direcție.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> Aceasta a venit ca o surpriză: în conformitate cu cosmologia standard, galaxiile satelit ar trebui să se formeze în halouri de materie întunecată și ar trebui să fie distribuite pe scară largă și să se deplaseze în direcții aleatorii. Această discrepanță nu este încă explicată pe deplin.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> În ianuarie 2006, oamenii de știință au raportat că au explicat deformarea discului Căii Lactee. Este cauzată de deplasarea norilor Magellanici care provoacă vibrații atunci când trec în apropierea marginilor discului. Din cauza masei lor relativ mici,de aproximativ 2% din masa Căii Lactee, oamenii de știință consideraseră nesemnificativă influența lor. Conform unui model computerizat, mișcarea acestor două galaxii creează o trezire a materiei întunecate care amplifică influența lor asupra Căii Lactee.<a href="#cite_note-berkeley20060109-221">[217]</a> Măsurările actuale sugerează că galaxia Andromeda se apropie de noi cu 100 până la 140 km/s (360.000-504.000 km/h). În 3 până la 4 miliarde de ani, se poate produce o <a href="/wiki/Coliziunea_Andromeda%E2%80%93Calea_Lactee" title="Coliziunea Andromeda–Calea Lactee">coliziune Andromeda-Calea Lactee</a>, în funcție de importanța componentelor laterale necunoscute pentru mișcarea relativă a galaxiilor. Dacă se ciocnesc, șansa ca stelele individuale să se ciocnească între ele este extrem de mică, dar în schimb, cele două galaxii se vor contopi pentru a forma o singură <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_eliptic%C4%83" title="Galaxie eliptică">galaxie eliptică</a> sau poate o <a href="/wiki/Galaxie_cu_disc" title="Galaxie cu disc">galaxie cu disc</a> mare<a href="#cite_note-Ueda2014-222">[218]</a> pe parcursul a aproximativ un miliard de ani.<a href="#cite_note-wong20000414-223">[219]</a> <table width="80%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:1_Earth_(ELitU).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Terre, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1_Earth_%28ELitU%29.png/262px-1_Earth_%28ELitU%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1_Earth_%28ELitU%29.png/393px-1_Earth_%28ELitU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1_Earth_%28ELitU%29.png/524px-1_Earth_%28ELitU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:2_Solar_System_(ELitU).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Système solaire, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/2_Solar_System_%28ELitU%29.png/262px-2_Solar_System_%28ELitU%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/2_Solar_System_%28ELitU%29.png/393px-2_Solar_System_%28ELitU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/2_Solar_System_%28ELitU%29.png/524px-2_Solar_System_%28ELitU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:3_Solar_Interstellar_Neighborhood_(ELitU).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Voisinage interstellaire, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/3_Solar_Interstellar_Neighborhood_%28ELitU%29.png/262px-3_Solar_Interstellar_Neighborhood_%28ELitU%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/3_Solar_Interstellar_Neighborhood_%28ELitU%29.png/393px-3_Solar_Interstellar_Neighborhood_%28ELitU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/3_Solar_Interstellar_Neighborhood_%28ELitU%29.png/524px-3_Solar_Interstellar_Neighborhood_%28ELitU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:4_Milky_Way_(ELitU).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Voie lactée, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/4_Milky_Way_%28ELitU%29.png/262px-4_Milky_Way_%28ELitU%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/4_Milky_Way_%28ELitU%29.png/393px-4_Milky_Way_%28ELitU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/4_Milky_Way_%28ELitU%29.png/524px-4_Milky_Way_%28ELitU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:5_Local_Galactic_Group_(ELitU).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Groupe local, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/5_Local_Galactic_Group_%28ELitU%29.png/262px-5_Local_Galactic_Group_%28ELitU%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/5_Local_Galactic_Group_%28ELitU%29.png/393px-5_Local_Galactic_Group_%28ELitU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/5_Local_Galactic_Group_%28ELitU%29.png/524px-5_Local_Galactic_Group_%28ELitU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:6_Virgo_Supercluster_(ELitU).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Superamas de la Vierge, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/6_Virgo_Supercluster_%28ELitU%29.png/262px-6_Virgo_Supercluster_%28ELitU%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/6_Virgo_Supercluster_%28ELitU%29.png/393px-6_Virgo_Supercluster_%28ELitU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/6_Virgo_Supercluster_%28ELitU%29.png/524px-6_Virgo_Supercluster_%28ELitU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:7_Local_Superclusters.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Superamas de galaxies, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/7_Local_Superclusters.png/262px-7_Local_Superclusters.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/7_Local_Superclusters.png/393px-7_Local_Superclusters.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/7_Local_Superclusters.png/524px-7_Local_Superclusters.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:8_Observable_Universe_(ELitU).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Univers observable, avec système de coordonnées" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/8_Observable_Universe_%28ELitU%29.png/262px-8_Observable_Universe_%28ELitU%29.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/8_Observable_Universe_%28ELitU%29.png/393px-8_Observable_Universe_%28ELitU%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/8_Observable_Universe_%28ELitU%29.png/524px-8_Observable_Universe_%28ELitU%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2953" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viteza">Viteza</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Viteza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Viteza">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Deși <a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_restr%C3%A2nse" title="Teoria relativității restrânse">teoria relativității restrânse</a> afirmă că nu există un sistem inerțial de referință „preferat” în spațiu cu care să se compare Calea Lactee, galaxia noastră are o viteză în raport cu un <a href="/wiki/Sistem_de_referin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Sistem de referință">sistem de referință</a> cosmologic. Un astfel de cadru de referință este <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Hubble" title="Legea lui Hubble">fluxul Hubble</a>, adică mișcarea aparentă a grupurilor de galaxii cauzată de expansiunea spațiului. Galaxiile individuale, inclusiv Calea Lactee, au viteze particulare în raport cu fluxul mediu. Astfel, pentru a compara Calea Lactee cu fluxul Hubble, trebuie să luăm în considerare un volum suficient de mare pentru ca influența expansiunii Universului să o depășească pe cea a deplasărilor pe scară galactică. Un volum suficient de mare înseamnă că mișcarea medie a galaxiilor din acest volum este egală cu fluxul Hubble. Astronomii cred că Calea Lactee se deplasează cu aproximativ 630 km/s în raport cu acest sistem local de referință.<a href="#cite_note-Jones2-224">[220]</a> Calea Lactee se deplasează în direcția generală a <a href="/wiki/Marele_Magnet" title="Marele Magnet">Marelui Magnet</a> și a altor roiuri de galaxii, inclusiv <a href="/wiki/Super-roiul_lui_Shapley" title="Super-roiul lui Shapley">super-roiul Shapley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> Grupul Local (un grup de galaxii legate gravitațional care conțin, printre altele, Calea Lactee și galaxia Andromeda) face parte dintr-un super-roi numit <a href="/wiki/Fecioara_(super-roi_de_galaxii)" title="Fecioara (super-roi de galaxii)">Super-roi Local</a>, centrat în apropierea <a href="/wiki/Roiul_Fecioarei" title="Roiul Fecioarei">roiului Fecioarei</a>: deși se îndepărtează unele de altele cu 967 km/s ca parte a fluxului Hubble, această viteză este mai mică decât ar fi de așteptat, având în vedere distanța de 16,8 milioane pc, datorită atracției gravitaționale dintre Grupul Local și roiul Fecioarei.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> Un alt cadru de referință este furnizat de <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_cosmic%C4%83_de_fond" title="Radiație cosmică de fond">radiația cosmică de fond</a> (CMB - Cosmic Microwave Background). Calea Lactee se deplasează cu 552 ± 6 km/s.<a href="#cite_note-COBE1993-15">[15]</a> în ceea ce privește fotonii CMB, spre ascensiunea de 10,5 dreapta, −24° declinare. Această mișcare este observată de sateliți, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">Cosmic Background Explorer</a> (COBE) și <a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe</a> (WMAP), ca o contribuție dipolă la CMB, deoarece fotonii în echilibru în cadrul CMB se schimbă în albastru în direcția mișcării și în roșu în direcția opusă.<a href="#cite_note-COBE1993-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Note">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-context-16"><a href="#cite_ref-context_16-0">^</a> Jay M. Pasachoff in his textbook Astronomy: From the Earth to the Universe states the term Milky Way should refer exclusively to the band of light that the galaxy forms in the night sky, while the galaxy should receive the full name Milky Way Galaxy; however, this does not reflect a firm consensus in the astronomical community. See: <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Pasachoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay Pasachoff — pagină inexistentă">Pasachoff, Jay M.</a> (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). Astronomy: From the Earth to the Universe. Harcourt School. p. 500. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-03-001667-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-03-001667-7">978-0-03-001667-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomy%3A+From+the+Earth+to+the+Universe&rft.pages=500&rft.pub=Harcourt+School&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-03-001667-7&rft.aulast=Pasachoff&rft.aufirst=Jay+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACalea+Lactee" class="Z3988"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-bortle-77"><a href="#cite_ref-bortle_77-0">^</a> See also Bortle Dark-Sky Scale. </li> <li id="cite_note-milky_way_mag-110"><a href="#cite_ref-milky_way_mag_110-0">^</a> Karachentsev et al. give a blue absolute magnitude of −20.8. Combined with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Color index — pagină inexistentă">color index</a> of 0.55 estimated <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.440..405M">here</a>, an absolute visual magnitude of −21.35 (−20.8 − 0.55 = −21.35) is obtained. Note that determining the absolute magnitude of the Milky Way is very difficult, because Earth is inside it. </li> <li id="cite_note-chandra2003-140"><a href="#cite_ref-chandra2003_140-0">^</a> For a photo see: <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080317061809/http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2003/0203long/">„Sagittarius A*: Milky Way monster stars in cosmic reality show”</a>. Chandra X-ray Observatory. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. <time datetime="2003-01-06">6 ianuarie 2003</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2003/0203long/">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-03-17">17 martie 2008</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-05-20">20 mai 2012</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chandra+X-ray+Observatory&rft.atitle=Sagittarius+A%2A%3A+Milky+Way+monster+stars+in+cosmic+reality+show&rft.date=2003-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchandra.harvard.edu%2Fphoto%2F2003%2F0203long%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACalea+Lactee" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe">Referințe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="references-small references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ask-astro-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ask-astro_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ask-astro_1-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Coffey, Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924002929/http://www.universetoday.com/75691/how-big-is-the-milky-way/">„How big is the Milky Way?”</a>. 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Astronomy & Astrophysics. 612: L8. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1804.03064">1804.03064</a> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...612L...8L">2018A&A...612L...8L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201832880">10.1051/0004-6361/201832880</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Disk+stars+in+the+Milky+Way+detected+beyond+25+kpc+from+its+center&rft.volume=612&rft.pages=L8&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1804.03064&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201832880&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018A%26A...612L...8L&rft.au=M.+L%C3%B3pez-Corredoira%2C+C.+Allende+Prieto%2C+F.+Garz%C3%B3n%2C+H.+Wang%2C+C.+Liu+and+L.+Deng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aanda.org%2Farticles%2Faa%2Ffull_html%2F2018%2F04%2Faa32880-18%2Faa32880-18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACalea+Lactee" class="Z3988"> Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation pressrelease">David Freeman (<time datetime="2018-05-25">25 mai 2018</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/milky-way-galaxy-may-be-much-bigger-we-thought-ncna876966">„The Milky Way galaxy may be much bigger than we thought”</a> (Press release). 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Astronomy: From the Earth to the Universe. Harcourt School. p. 500. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-03-001667-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-03-001667-7">978-0-03-001667-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomy%3A+From+the+Earth+to+the+Universe&rft.pages=500&rft.pub=Harcourt+School&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-03-001667-7&rft.aulast=Pasachoff&rft.aufirst=Jay+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACalea+Lactee" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilk199747-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilk199747_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSilk1997">Silk 1997</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Crumey, Andrew (<time datetime="2014">2014</time>). „Human contrast threshold and astronomical visibility”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 442 (3): 2600–19. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1405.4209">1405.4209</a> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.442.2600C">2014MNRAS.442.2600C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu992">10.1093/mnras/stu992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Human+contrast+threshold+and+astronomical+visibility&rft.volume=442&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=2600-19&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1405.4209&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu992&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014MNRAS.442.2600C&rft.aulast=Crumey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACalea+Lactee" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-steinicke_sakiel2007-76"><a href="#cite_ref-steinicke_sakiel2007_76-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Steinicke, Wolfgang; Jakiel, Richard (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120180727/https://books.google.com/books?id=GZLnxIRHKvAC&pg=PA94">Galaxies and how to observe them</a>. Astronomers' observing guides. Springer. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-85233-752-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-85233-752-0">978-1-85233-752-0</a>. 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M.; Elvidge, Christopher D.; Baugh, Kimberly; Portnov, Boris A.; Rybnikova, Nataliya A.; Furgoni, Riccardo (<time datetime="2016-06-01">1 iunie 2016</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928945">„The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness”</a>. Science Advances (în engleză). 2 (6): e1600377. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1609.01041">1609.01041</a> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SciA....2E0377F">2016SciA....2E0377F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.1600377">10.1126/sciadv.1600377</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548">2375-2548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928945">4928945</a> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27386582">27386582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=The+new+world+atlas+of+artificial+night+sky+brightness&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e1600377&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4928945&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016SciA....2E0377F&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1609.01041&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.1600377&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27386582&rft.aulast=Falchi&rft.aufirst=Fabio&rft.au=Cinzano%2C+Pierantonio&rft.au=Duriscoe%2C+Dan&rft.au=Kyba%2C+Christopher+C.+M.&rft.au=Elvidge%2C+Christopher+D.&rft.au=Baugh%2C+Kimberly&rft.au=Portnov%2C+Boris+A.&rft.au=Rybnikova%2C+Nataliya+A.&rft.au=Furgoni%2C+Riccardo&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4928945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACalea+Lactee" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Centrul luminos al galaxiei este situat în constelația Săgetătorul. Din Săgetător, lumina albă pare să treacă prin constelațiile <a href="/wiki/Scorpionul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Scorpionul (constelație)">Scorpionul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altarul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Altarul (constelație)">Altarul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echerul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Echerul (constelație)">Echerul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triunghiul_Austral_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Triunghiul Austral (constelație)">Triunghiul Austral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compasul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Compasul (constelație)">Compasul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centaurul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Centaurul (constelație)">Centaurul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musca_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Musca (constelație)">Musca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucea_Sudului_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Crucea Sudului (constelație)">Crucea Sudului</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carena_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Carena (constelație)">Carena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velele_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Velele (constelație)">Velele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pupa_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Pupa (constelație)">Pupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2inele_Mare" title="Câinele Mare">Câinele Mare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licornul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Licornul (constelație)">Licornul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orion_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Orion (constelație)">Orion</a> și <a href="/wiki/Gemenii_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Gemenii (constelație)">Gemeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taurul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Taurul (constelație)">Taurul</a> până la anticentrul galactic în <a href="/wiki/Vizitiul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Vizitiul (constelație)">Vizitiul</a>. De acolo trece prin <a href="/wiki/Perseu_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Perseu (constelație)">Perseu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Andromeda (constelație)">Andromeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Cassiopeia (constelație)">Cassiopeia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cefeu_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Cefeu (constelație)">Cefeu</a> și <a href="/wiki/%C8%98op%C3%A2rla_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Șopârla (constelație)">Șopârla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leb%C4%83da_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Lebăda (constelație)">Lebăda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vulpea_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Vulpea (constelație)">Vulpea</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83geata_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Săgeata (constelație)">Săgeata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vulturul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Vulturul (constelație)">Vulturul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ofiucus_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Ofiucus (constelație)">Ofiucus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scutul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Scutul (constelație)">Scutul</a> și înapoi la <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83get%C4%83torul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Săgetătorul (constelație)">Săgetătorul</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2019-12-mass-milky-billion-sun.html">„Researchers estimate the mass of the Milky Way to be 890 billion times that of our sun”</a>. phys.org (în engleză). 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New Astronomy. 11 (4): 325–330. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0508614">astro-ph/0508614</a> <img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006NewA...11..325P">2006NewA...11..325P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.newast.2005.08.008">10.1016/j.newast.2005.08.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Mass+determination+of+groups+of+galaxies%3A+Effects+of+the+cosmological+constant&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=325-330&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0508614&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.newast.2005.08.008&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006NewA...11..325P&rft.au=Peirani%2C+S&rft.au=Defreitaspacheco%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACalea+Lactee" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> </ol></div> Eroare la citare: Eticheta <code><ref></code> definită în <code><references></code> cu numele „majaess2009” nu are conținut.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Talo%C8%99_(etnolog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Taloș (etnolog)">Ion Taloș</a>, Împăratul Traian și conștiința romanității românilor. Cultură orală și scrisă din secolele XV-XX. Prefață de Ioan-Aurel Pop. Cu o anexă de Ion Taloș și Petre Florea. Cluj-Napoca, Editura Școala Ardeleană 2021 <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9786067977394" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-606-797-739-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe">Legături externe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Milky_Way_Galaxy?uselang=ro">Calea Lactee</a></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3dgalaxymap.com/#/GalaxyMap">Milky Way – 3D Map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kottke.org/19/08/the-entire-plane-of-the-milky-way-captured-in-a-single-photo">Milky Way – Entire Galaxy (Up & Down) in One Image</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galaxymap.org/drupal/node/171">Milky Way – Basic plan map</a> – Includes spiral arms and Orion spur</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sky-map.org/?ra=12.0593794293245&de=-20.27239516216098&zoom=0&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=0&show_galaxies=1&img_source=IRAS">Milky Way – IRAS (infrared) survey</a> – wikisky.org</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lectură_suplimentară">Lectură suplimentară</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lectură suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calea_Lactee&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Lectură suplimentară">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li>McTier, Moiya. Calea Lactee. Autobiografia galaxiei noastre. București, Editura Publica, 2023, 239 p., ISBN 78-606-722-562-4</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:891px;max-width:891px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent"><a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Localizarea Pământului în Univers</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/87px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/131px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/174px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Istoria Pământului">Planeta Pământ</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg/114px-Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg/171px-Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg/228px-Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="2229" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Sistemul_solar" title="Sistemul solar">Sistemul solar</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg/89px-Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg/134px-Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg/178px-Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10300" data-file-height="10100" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Centura_Gould" title="Centura Gould">Centura Gould</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg/97px-Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg/146px-Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg/194px-Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="461" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Orion" title="Brațul Orion">Brațul Orion</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_(updated_-_annotated).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/87px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/131px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/174px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="5600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calea Lactee</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg/117px-Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg/176px-Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg/234px-Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4249" data-file-height="3169" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Local_supercluster-ly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Local_supercluster-ly.jpg/90px-Local_supercluster-ly.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Local_supercluster-ly.jpg/135px-Local_supercluster-ly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Local_supercluster-ly.jpg/180px-Local_supercluster-ly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="413" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Fecioara_(super-roi_de_galaxii)" title="Fecioara (super-roi de galaxii)">Super-roiul Fecioara</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Observable_universe_r2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Observable_universe_r2.jpg/87px-Observable_universe_r2.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Observable_universe_r2.jpg/131px-Observable_universe_r2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Observable_universe_r2.jpg/174px-Observable_universe_r2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Laniakea" title="Laniakea">Super-roiul Laniakea</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png/87px-Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png/131px-Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png/174px-Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="3072" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Univers_observabil" title="Univers observabil">Univers observabil</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Calea_Lactee" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Calea_Lactee" title="Format:Calea Lactee"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Calea_Lactee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Calea Lactee — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Calea_Lactee&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calea_Lactee" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calea Lactee</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Localizare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calea Lactee</a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_galaxiilor_satelit_a_C%C4%83ii_Lactee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista galaxiilor satelit a Căii Lactee — pagină inexistentă">Subgrupul Calea Lactee</a> → <a href="/wiki/Grupul_Local" title="Grupul Local">Grupul Local</a> → <a href="/wiki/Fecioara_(super-roi_de_galaxii)" title="Fecioara (super-roi de galaxii)">Super-roiul Fecioara</a> → <a href="/wiki/Laniakea" title="Laniakea">Laniakea</a> → <a href="/wiki/Univers_observabil" title="Univers observabil">Univers observabil</a> → <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Calea Lactee"><img alt="Calea Lactee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg/85px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg/128px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg/170px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="5600" /></a><figcaption>Calea Lactee</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centrul galactic</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrul_galactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrul galactic">Centrul Căii Lactee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_A" title="Sagittarius A">Sagittarius A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_A*" title="Sagittarius A*">Sagittarius A*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaur%C4%83_neagr%C4%83_supermasiv%C4%83" title="Gaură neagră supermasivă">Gaură neagră supermasivă</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Brațe_spiralate">Brațe spiralate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bra%C8%9Bul_Carena-S%C4%83get%C4%83tor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brațul Carena-Săgetător — pagină inexistentă">Carena-Săgetător</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Echerul" title="Brațul Echerul">Echerul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Orion" title="Brațul Orion">Orion–Lebăda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Perseu" title="Brațul Perseu">Perseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9Bul_Scutul%E2%80%93Crucea" title="Brațul Scutul–Crucea">Scutul–Crucea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Galaxii satelit</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norii_lui_Magellan" title="Norii lui Magellan">Norii lui Magellan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marele_Nor_al_lui_Magellan" title="Marele Nor al lui Magellan">Marele Nor al lui Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micul_Nor_al_lui_Magellan" title="Micul Nor al lui Magellan">Micul Nor al lui Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curentul_Magellanic" title="Curentul Magellanic">Curentul Magellanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podul_Magellanic" title="Podul Magellanic">Podul Magellanic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_S%C4%83get%C4%83torul" title="Galaxia Pitică din Săgetătorul">Săgetătorul</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C3%B6tes_II_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boötes II (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Boötes II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%83rul_Berenicei_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Părul Berenicei (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Părul Berenicei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_54" title="Messier 54">Messier 54</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palomar_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palomar 12 — pagină inexistentă">Palomar 12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Segue_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segue 1 — pagină inexistentă">Segue 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Segue_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segue 2 — pagină inexistentă">Segue 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terzan_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terzan 7 — pagină inexistentă">Terzan 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galaxie_pitic%C4%83" title="Galaxie pitică">Galaxii pitice</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antlia_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antlia 2 — pagină inexistentă">Antlia 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C3%B6tes_I_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boötes I (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Boötes I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C3%B6tes_III_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boötes III (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Boötes III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2inii_de_V%C3%A2n%C4%83toare_I_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Câinii de Vânătoare I (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Câinii de Vânătoare I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2inii_de_V%C3%A2n%C4%83toare_II_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Câinii de Vânătoare II (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Câinii de Vânătoare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_C%C3%A2inele_Mare" title="Galaxia Pitică din Câinele Mare">Canis Major</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carena_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carena (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Carena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupa_2_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cupa 2 (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Cupa 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxia_Pitic%C4%83_din_Dragonul" title="Galaxia Pitică din Dragonul">Dragonul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuptorul_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuptorul (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Cuptorul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercule_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hercule (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Hercule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leul_I_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leul I (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Leul I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leul_II_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leul II (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Leul II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leul_IV_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leul IV (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Leul IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leul_V_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leul V (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Leul V</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leul_T_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leul T (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Leul T</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenix (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C8%99tii_I_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peștii I (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Peștii I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C8%99tii_II_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peștii II (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Peștii II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sculptorul_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sculptorul (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Sculptorul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sextantul_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sextantul (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Sextantul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triunghiul_II_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triunghiul II (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Triunghiul II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ursa_Mare_I_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ursa Mare I (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Ursa Mare I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ursa_Mare_II_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ursa Mare II (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Ursa Mare II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ursa_Mic%C4%83_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ursa Mică (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Ursa Mică</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fecioara_I_(galaxie_pitic%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fecioara I (galaxie pitică) — pagină inexistentă">Fecioara I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Altele</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inelul_Unicornului" title="Inelul Unicornului">Inelul Unicornului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curentul_stelar_Fecioara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curentul stelar Fecioara — pagină inexistentă">Curentul stelar Fecioara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Înrudite</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coliziunea_Andromeda%E2%80%93Calea_Lactee" title="Coliziunea Andromeda–Calea Lactee">Coliziunea Andromeda–Calea Lactee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereastra_lui_Baade" title="Fereastra lui Baade">Fereastra lui Baade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie">Portal Astronomie</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="noprint" style="background-color: #F5F5F5; border: 1px solid #ccc; clear: both; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 1em; padding: 4px; text-align: center; font-size: 95%; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius:0.8em;"> <ul><li style="display:inline; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Calea_Lactee" title="Portal:Calea Lactee"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Calea_Lactee" title="Portal:Calea Lactee">Portal Calea Lactee</a></li><li style="display:inline; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sistemul_Solar" title="Portal:Sistemul Solar"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/High_School_Earth_Science_Cover.jpg/32px-High_School_Earth_Science_Cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/High_School_Earth_Science_Cover.jpg/48px-High_School_Earth_Science_Cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/High_School_Earth_Science_Cover.jpg/64px-High_School_Earth_Science_Cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="2024" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sistemul_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Sistemul Solar">Portal Sistemul Solar</a></li><li style="display:inline; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M104_-_Sombrero.jpg/28px-M104_-_Sombrero.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M104_-_Sombrero.jpg/42px-M104_-_Sombrero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M104_-_Sombrero.jpg/56px-M104_-_Sombrero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4961" data-file-height="4961" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomie" title="Portal:Astronomie">Portal Astronomie</a></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus 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