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class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> The "cursed soldiers"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> (also known as "doomed soldiers",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> "accursed soldiers", or "damned soldiers"; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: żołnierze wyklęci) or "indomitable soldiers"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: żołnierze niezłomni) were a heterogeneous array of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Soviet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Soviet">anti-Soviet</a>-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperialist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperialist">imperialist</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-communist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance movements</a> formed in the later stages of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a> and in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aftermath of World War II">its aftermath</a> by members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Underground_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a>. The above terms, introduced in the early 1990s,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> reflect the stance of many of the diehard soldiers. <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Cursed soldiers</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Żołnierze wyklęci</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_(VI-1947).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%28VI-1947%29.jpg/320px-Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%28VI-1947%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%2528VI-1947%2529.jpg/480px-Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%2528VI-1947%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%2528VI-1947%2529.jpg/640px-Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%2528VI-1947%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="471"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> "Cursed soldiers" of anti-communist underground, June 1947. From left: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li>Henryk Wybranowski - <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pseudonym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> "Tarzan" (killed Nov. 1948)</li> <li>Edward Taraszkiewicz - "Żelazny" (killed Oct. 1951)</li> <li>Mieczysław Małecki - "Sokół" (killed Nov. 1947)</li> <li>Stanisław Pakuła - "Krzewina"</li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th> <td class="infobox-data">1944–1947</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%25281928%25E2%2580%25931980%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%25281928%25E2%2580%25931980%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%25281928%25E2%2580%25931980%2529.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%25281928%25E2%2580%25931980%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Government-in-Exile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Government-in-Exile">Polish Government-in-Exile</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th> <td class="infobox-data">Armed forces of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Underground_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Government-in-Exile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Government-in-Exile">Polish Government-in-Exile</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th> <td class="infobox-data">Varied, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 150,000-200,000 at peak.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> After <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty_of_1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amnesty of 1947">amnesty of 1947</a>, 200-400 people remained in active, armed conspiracy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> These clandestine organisations continued their armed struggle against <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Poland's communist government</a> waged <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> well into the 1950s, including attacks against <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939%E2%80%931946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)">prisons</a> and state <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">security offices</a>, detention facilities for political prisoners, and the concentration camps that had been set up across the country. Most Polish anti-communist groups ceased to exist in the late 1950s, as they were hunted down by agents of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">Ministry of Public Security</a> and the Soviet <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NKVD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bagley-7">[7]</a> The last known "cursed soldier", <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Franczak">Józef Franczak</a>, was killed in a 1963 ambush.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-muzeum.krosno-8">[8]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ipn.gov.pl-9">[9]</a> The best-known Polish anti-communist resistance organisations operating in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Stalinist_era_(1948%E2%80%931956)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Stalinist-era Poland</a> included <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freedom_and_Independence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom and Independence">Freedom and Independence</a> (Wolność i Niezawisłość, WIN), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Armed_Forces?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Armed Forces">National Armed Forces</a> (Narodowe Siły Zbrojne, NSZ), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Military_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Military Union">National Military Union</a> (Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe, NZW), the Underground Polish Army (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konspiracyjne_Wojsko_Polskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie">Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie</a>, KWP), the Home Army Resistance (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruch_Oporu_Armii_Krajowej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej">Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej</a>, ROAK), the Citizens' Home Army (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armia_Krajowa_Obywatelska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa Obywatelska">Armia Krajowa Obywatelska</a>, AKO), NO (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NIE_(resistance)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NIE (resistance)">NIE</a>, short for Niepodległość), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armed_Forces_Delegation_for_Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armed Forces Delegation for Poland">Armed Forces Delegation for Poland</a> (Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj), and Freedom and Justice (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_i_Sprawiedliwo%C5%9B%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolność i Sprawiedliwość">Wolność i Sprawiedliwość</a>, WiS).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ipn.gov.pl-9">[9]</a> Similar anti-communist insurgencies occurred in other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> countries. The "cursed soldiers" have prompted controversy over the degree to which individual fighters or their units were involved in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/War_crime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="War crime">war crimes</a> against Jews or other ethnic minorities on Polish soil or against civilians generally. Common responses to such accusations have included that the accusations were partly or completely fabricated as communist propaganda to discredit the soldiers, or that any genuine victims were killed because of their involvement in, or cooperation with, communist authorities and that their ethnicity had little if any bearing on their demise.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historical_background">1 Historical background</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Formation_of_the_anti-communist_underground">1.1 Formation of the anti-communist underground</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Persecution">1.2 Persecution</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Largest_operations_and_actions">2 Largest operations and actions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pacification">2.1 Pacification</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Anti-communist_resistance_organizations">3 Anti-communist resistance organizations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Events">4 Events</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notable_members">5 Notable members</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gallery">6 Gallery</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cultural_references">7 Cultural references</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Film">7.1 Film</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Music">7.2 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Theatre">7.3 Theatre</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Books">7.4 Books</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">10 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg/170px-Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg/170px-Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg/255px-Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg/340px-Sopot_Pomnik_AK_k.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Monument to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armia_Krajowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopot">Sopot</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a> </figcaption> </figure> In the summer of 1944, as Soviet forces advanced into Poland, the USSR set up a provisional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Client_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Client state">client state</a> called the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish Committee of National Liberation">Polish Committee of National Liberation</a>. The new government was aware that the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish Resistance</a> (whose chief component was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Home Army">Armia Krajowa</a> or Home Army) and Underground State loyal to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> would have to be destroyed before they could gain complete control over Poland.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chod-12">[12]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Władysław Gomułka">Władysław Gomułka</a>, future <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secretary_General?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General">General Secretary</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a>, said that "Soldiers of the Armia Krajowa (AK) are a hostile element which must be removed without mercy". Another prominent communist, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Zambrowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Zambrowski">Roman Zambrowski</a>, said that the AK had to be "exterminated".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> The Armia Krajowa officially disbanded on 19 January 1945 to prevent a slide into armed conflict with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> and the increasing threat of civil war over Poland's sovereignty. However, many resistance cells decided to continue their struggle for Polish independence, and regarded Soviet forces as merely the new occupiers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soviet_partisans_in_Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soviet partisans in Poland">Soviet partisans in Poland</a> had already been ordered by Moscow on 22 June 1943 to engage Polish partisans in combat.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Piotrowski-14">[14]</a> According to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marek_Jan_Chodakiewicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marek Jan Chodakiewicz">Marek Jan Chodakiewicz</a>'s review of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bogdan_Musial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan Musial">Bogdan Musial</a>'s book Sowjetische Partisanen, "Musial's study suggests that the Soviets seldom attacked German military and police targets. They preferred to assault the poorly-armed and poorly-trained Belarusan and Polish self-defense forces. Soviet guerrillas torched and leveled Polish landed estates much more frequently than they blew up military transports and assaulted other hard targets."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chod-12">[12]</a> The main forces of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> (the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Group_of_Forces?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Group of Forces">Northern Group of Forces</a>) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NKVD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> began conducting operations against the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Home Army">Home Army</a> (Armia Krajowa, A.K.) during and directly after the launch of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operation_Tempest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a>, the Polish resistance's effort to seize control of cities and areas occupied by the Germans while the latter were preparing their defenses against the advancing Soviets.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> Soviet leader <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Stalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> planned to ensure that an independent Poland would never reemerge in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postwar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar">postwar</a> period.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JOG-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Formation_of_the_anti-communist_underground">Formation of the anti-communist underground</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG/170px-Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG/170px-Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG/255px-Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG/340px-Polish_anticommunist_partisan_1947.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Uniform of a Polish anti-communist fighter, with breast badge displaying image of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Black_Madonna_of_Cz%C4%99stochowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Black Madonna of Częstochowa">Black Madonna of Częstochowa</a> </figcaption> </figure> The first AK structure designed primarily to deal with the Soviet threat was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NIE_(resistance)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NIE (resistance)">NIE</a> (short for <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/niepodleg%25C5%2582o%25C5%259B%25C4%2587" class="extiw" title="wikt:niepodległość">niepodległość</a> "independence", and also meaning "<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nie%23Polish" class="extiw" title="wikt:nie">no</a>"), formed in mid-1943. NIE's goal was to observe and spy while the Polish government-in-exile decided how to deal with the Soviets, rather than to engage in combat. At that time, the exiled government still believed that negotiations could result in a solution leading to Poland's post-war independence. On 7 May 1945, NIE was disbanded and transformed into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delegatura_Si%C5%82_Zbrojnych_na_Kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj">Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj</a> ("Armed Forces Delegation for Homeland"). This organization lasted only until August 8, 1945, when the decision was made[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] to disband it and cease <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">partisan</a> resistance on Polish territory.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> In March 1945 a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Staged_trial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Staged trial">staged trial</a> of 16 leaders of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Underground_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a>, captured and imprisoned by the Soviet Union, took place in Moscow (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trial_of_the_Sixteen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trial of the Sixteen">Trial of the Sixteen</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Malcher-17">[17]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_Delegate%27s_Office_at_Home?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Delegate's Office at Home">Government Delegate</a>, together with most members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Council_of_National_Unity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Council of National Unity">Council of National Unity</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commander-in-Chief?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armia_Krajowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a>, were invited by Soviet general <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Serov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Serov">Ivan Serov</a>, with the agreement of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Stalin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, to a conference on their eventual entry into the Soviet-backed Provisional Government. They were presented with a warrant of safety, but the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NKVD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> arrested them in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pruszk%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pruszków">Pruszków</a> on 27 and 28 March.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leopold_Okulicki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leopold Okulicki">Leopold Okulicki</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Stanis%C5%82aw_Jankowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Stanisław Jankowski">Jan Stanisław Jankowski</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazimierz_Pu%C5%BCak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazimierz Pużak">Kazimierz Pużak</a> were arrested on 27 March, and 12 more the following day. Alexander Zwierzynski had already been detained earlier. They were all taken to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lubyanka_Building?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lubyanka Building">Lubyanka prison</a> in Moscow for interrogation before trial.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> After several months of brutal interrogation and torture,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> they were falsely charged with "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collaboration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collaboration">collaboration</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nazi_Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>" and "planning a military alliance with Nazi Germany".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish Committee of National Liberation">Polish Committee of National Liberation</a> declined jurisdiction over former AK soldiers. Consequently, for more than a year, Soviet agencies such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NKVD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> dealt with the AK. By the end of the war, approximately 60,000 AK soldiers had been arrested, and 50,000 of them were deported to the Soviet Union's prisons and prison camps. Most had been captured by the Soviets during or in the aftermath of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operation_Tempest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a> when many AK units tried to cooperate with the Red Army during their nationwide uprising against the Germans. Other veterans were arrested when they approached the communist authorities after being promised <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a>. In 1947, the government of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">People's Republic of Poland</a> proclaimed an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty_of_1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amnesty of 1947">amnesty</a> for most wartime resistance fighters. The authorities expected around 12,000 people to give up their arms, but the total number of partisans to come out of the forests eventually reached 53,000. Many of them were arrested despite the promises. After repeated broken promises in the first few years of communist rule, former AK members refused to trust the government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> After the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delegatura_Si%C5%82_Zbrojnych_na_Kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj">Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj</a> ("Armed Forces Delegation for Homeland") was disbanded, another post-AK resistance organisation was formed, called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_i_Niezawis%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolność i Niezawisłość">Wolność i Niezawisłość</a> ("Freedom and Sovereignty"). Wolność i Niezawisłość (WiN) was most concerned with helping former AK soldiers transition from life as partisans to that of civilians. Continued secrecy and conspiracy were necessary in light of the increasing persecution of AK veterans by the communist government. WiN was, however, much in need of funds to pay for false documents and to provide resources for the partisans, many of whom had lost their homes and entire life-savings in the war. Viewed as enemies of the state, starved of resources, and with a vocal faction advocating armed resistance against the Soviets and their Polish proxies, WiN was far from efficient. A significant victory for the NKVD and the newly created Polish secret police, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urz%C4%85d_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Urząd Bezpieczeństwa">Urząd Bezpieczeństwa</a> (UB), came in the second half of 1945 when they convinced several leaders of WiN that they truly wanted to offer amnesty to AK members. Within a few months, intelligence gathered by the authorities led to thousands more arrests.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> The primary period of WiN activity lasted until 1947. The organisation finally disbanded in 1952.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Piecuch1996-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Persecution">Persecution</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Zapluty_karzel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Zapluty_karzel.jpg/170px-Zapluty_karzel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="370"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 235px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Zapluty_karzel.jpg/170px-Zapluty_karzel.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="235" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Zapluty_karzel.jpg/255px-Zapluty_karzel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/04/Zapluty_karzel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> "The Giant and the Reactionary Spittle-Covered Dwarf". A postwar Polish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propaganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propaganda">communist propaganda</a> poster showing a soldier of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish People's Army">Polish People's Army</a> striding over a partisan of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armia_Krajowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_Army_(Poland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Army (Poland)">Home Army</a>). </figcaption> </figure> The NKVD and UB used brute force and deception to eliminate the underground opposition. In the autumn of 1946, a group of 100–200 "cursed soldiers" of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narodowe_Si%C5%82y_Zbrojne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodowe Siły Zbrojne">Narodowe Siły Zbrojne</a> (National Armed Forces, NSZ) were lured into a trap and massacred. In 1947, Colonel <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julia_Brystiger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julia Brystiger">Julia ("Bloody Luna") Brystiger</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">Polish Ministry of Public Security</a> proclaimed at a security briefing that: "[t]he terrorist and political underground" had ceased to be a threatening force for the UB, although the "class enemy" at universities, offices and factories still had to be "found out and neutralised."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> The persecution of AK members was only one aspect of the reign of Stalinist terror in postwar Poland. In the period from 1944 to 1956, at least 300,000 Polish civilians were arrested.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ipn.gov.pl-2-29">[29]</a> Some sources claim that up to two million were arrested.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> Approximately 6,000 death sentences were issued, and the majority of them were carried out.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ipn.gov.pl-2-29">[29]</a> It is probable that more than 20,000 people died in communist prisons. including those executed "in the majesty of the law", such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witold_Pilecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a>, a hero of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auschwitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> A further six million Polish citizens (i.e., one out of every three adult Poles) were classified as suspected members of a 'reactionary or criminal element' and subjected to investigation by state agencies. During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_October?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish October">Polish October</a> of 1956, a political amnesty freed 35,000 former AK soldiers from prisons. But some partisans remained in service, unwilling or simply unable to rejoin the civilian community. The cursed soldier Stanisław Marchewka "Ryba" ("The Fish") was killed in 1957, and the last AK partisan, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Franczak">Józef Franczak</a> "Lalek" ("Doller"), was killed in 1963 — almost two decades after the Second World War ended. In 1967, long after the abolition of Stalinist terror, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adam_Boryczka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adam Boryczka">Adam Boryczka</a>, the last member of the elite British-trained <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cichociemny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cichociemny">Cichociemny</a> ("The Silent and Hidden") intelligence and support group, was finally released from prison. Until the end of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">People's Republic of Poland</a>. Former AK soldiers were under constant investigation by the secret police. It was only in 1989, after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fall_of_communism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of communism">fall of communism</a>, that the convictions of AK soldiers were finally declared invalid and annulled by Polish law.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rzecz-13">[13]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Largest_operations_and_actions">Largest operations and actions</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</a> </div> The biggest battle in the history of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Military_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Military Union">National Military Union</a> (Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe, NZW) took place on 6–7 May 1945, in the village of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kury%C5%82%C3%B3wka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuryłówka">Kuryłówka</a> in southeastern Poland. In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Kury%C5%82%C3%B3wka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Kuryłówka">Battle of Kuryłówka</a>, the partisans fought against the Soviet 2nd Border Regiment of the NKVD, gaining a victory for the underground forces commanded by Major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciszek_Przysi%C4%99%C5%BCniak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciszek Przysiężniak">Franciszek Przysiężniak</a> ("Marek"). The anti-communist fighters killed up to 70 Soviet agents. The NKVD troops retreated in haste, only to later return to the village and burn it to the ground in retaliation, destroying over 730 buildings.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-epodkarpacie-30">[30]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davies-1-31">[31]</a> On 21 May 1945, a heavily armed AK unit led by Colonel <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Wasilewski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Wasilewski">Edward Wasilewski</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Attack_on_the_NKVD_Camp_in_Rembert%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów">attacked and destroyed the NKVD camp</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rembert%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rembertów">Rembertów</a> on the eastern outskirts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warsaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>. The Soviets had incarcerated hundreds of Polish citizens there,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davies0-32">[32]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davies1-33">[33]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davies2-34">[34]</a> including members of the Armia Krajowa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Piotrowski1-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pacification">Pacification</h3> </div> One of the biggest anti-partisan operations by the communist authorities took place from 10 to 25 June 1945, in and around the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/August%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustów">Augustów</a> regions of Poland. The "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/August%C3%B3w_roundup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustów roundup">Augustów roundup</a>" (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Obława augustowska) was a joint operation of the Red Army, the Soviet NKVD, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SMERSH?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a> battalions, with assistance from Polish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urz%C4%85d_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Urząd Bezpieczeństwa">UB</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludowe_Wojsko_Polskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludowe Wojsko Polskie">LWP</a> units, against Armia Krajowa resistance fighters. The operation extended into the territory of occupied <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>. More than 2,000 suspected anti-communist Polish fighters were captured and detained in Soviet <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internment">internment</a> camps. About 600 of the "Augustów Missing" are presumed to have died in Soviet custody, their bodies buried in unknown mass graves on the present territory of Russia. The Polish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a> has declared the 1945 Augustów roundup to be "the largest crime committed by the Soviets on Polish lands after World War II."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IPN-1-36">[36]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Anti-communist_resistance_organizations">Anti-communist resistance organizations</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Among the best-known Polish underground organizations,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ipn.gov.pl-9">[9]</a> engaged in guerrilla warfare were: <ol> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_i_Niezawis%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolność i Niezawisłość">Wolność i Niezawisłość</a> ("Freedom and Independence", WIN) founded on September 2, 1945, active to 1952.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narodowe_Si%C5%82y_Zbrojne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodowe Siły Zbrojne">Narodowe Siły Zbrojne</a> ("National Armed Forces", NSZ) created on September 20, 1942, split in March 1944.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narodowe_Zjednoczenie_Wojskowe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe">Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe</a> ("National Military Union", NZW) established in the mid-to-late 1940s, active until the mid-1950s.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konspiracyjne_Wojsko_Polskie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie">Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie</a> ("Underground Polish Army", KWP) which existed from April 1945 to as late as 1954.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruch_Oporu_Armii_Krajowej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej">Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej</a> ("Resistance of the Home Army", ROAK) formed in 1944 against <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">UB collaborators</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armia_Krajowa_Obywatelska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa Obywatelska">Armia Krajowa Obywatelska</a> ("Citizens' Home Army", AKO) founded in February 1945, incorporated into Wolność i Niezawisłość in 1945.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NIE_(resistance)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NIE (resistance)">NIE</a> ("NO") formed in 1943, active till 7 May 1945.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delegatura_Si%C5%82_Zbrojnych_na_Kraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj">Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj</a> ("Delegature of the Polish Forces at Home") formed on May 7, 1945, dissolved on August 8, 1945.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_i_Sprawiedliwo%C5%9B%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolność i Sprawiedliwość">Wolność i Sprawiedliwość</a> ("Freedom and Justice", WIS) founded in the early 1950s.</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Events">Events</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Kury%C5%82%C3%B3wka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Kuryłówka">Battle of Kuryłówka</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/August%C3%B3w_roundup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustów roundup">Augustów roundup</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Obława augustowska)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Attack_on_the_NKVD_Camp_in_Rembert%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów">Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1951_Mokotow_Prison_execution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1951 Mokotow Prison execution">1951 Mokotow Prison executions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raid_on_Kielce_Prison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raid on Kielce Prison">Raid on Kielce Prison</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The following list (in most part), was taken from the book Not Only Katyń (Nie tylko Katyń) by Ireneusz Sewastianowicz and Stanisław Kulikowski (Białostockie Wydawn. Prasowe, 1990); Part 10: "The Augustow Missing," compiled by the Citizen Committee for Search of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suwałki Region">Suwałki Region</a> Inhabitants who Disappeared in July 1945 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obywatelski_Komitet_Poszukiwa%25C5%2584_Mieszka%25C5%2584c%25C3%25B3w_Suwalszczyzny_Zaginionych_w_Lipcu_1945_r." class="extiw" title="pl:Obywatelski Komitet Poszukiwań Mieszkańców Suwalszczyzny Zaginionych w Lipcu 1945 r.">Obywatelski Komitet Poszukiwań Mieszkańców Suwalszczyzny Zaginionych w Lipcu 1945 r., in Polish</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Not_Only-37">[37]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Batory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Batory">Józef Batory</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nickname?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Noms_de_guerre" title="Nickname">noms de guerre</a>, "Argus" and "Wojtek")</li> <li>Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stefan_Bembi%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stefan Bembiński">Stefan Bembiński</a> ("Harnaś")</li> <li>Maj. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marian_Bernaciak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marian Bernaciak">Marian Bernaciak</a> ("Orlik" and "Dymek")</li> <li>Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ksawery_B%C5%82asiak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ksawery Błasiak">Ksawery Błasiak</a> ("Albert")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciszek_B%C5%82a%C5%BCej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciszek Błażej">Franciszek Błażej</a> ("Roman", "Bogusław", and "Tadeusz")</li> <li>Lt. Stanisław Bogdanowicz ("Tom")</li> <li>Lt. Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janusz_Bokszczanin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Janusz Bokszczanin">Janusz Bokszczanin</a> ("Sęk")</li> <li>Lt. Stefan Bronowski ("Roman")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zdzis%C5%82aw_Bro%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zdzisław Broński">Zdzisław Broński</a> ("Uskok")</li> <li>Cpl Izydor Bukowski ("Burza")</li> <li>Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karol_Chmiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karol Chmiel">Karol Chmiel</a> ("Grom" and "Zygmunt")</li> <li>Lt. Kazimierz Chmielowski ("Rekin")</li> <li>Lt. Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łukasz Ciepliński">Łukasz Ciepliński</a> ("Pług" and "Ostrowski")</li> <li>Maj./Lt. Col. of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narodowe_Si%C5%82y_Zbrojne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodowe Siły Zbrojne">NSZ</a> Tadeusz Danilewicz ("Kuba", "Doman", "Kossak", and "Łoziński")</li> <li>Maj. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hieronim_Dekutowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hieronim Dekutowski">Hieronim Dekutowski</a> ("Zapora")</li> <li>Cpt. Jan Karol Dubaniowski ("Salwa")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Władysław Dubielak ("Myśliwy")</li> <li>Brig. Gen.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emil_August_Fieldorf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil August Fieldorf">Emil August Fieldorf</a> ("Nil")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henryk_Flame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henryk Flame">Henryk Flame</a> ("Bartek" and "Grot")</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Franczak">Józef Franczak</a> ("Lalek")</li> <li>Lt. Henryk Glapiński ("Klinga")</li> <li>Lt. Eugeniusz Godlewski ("Topór")</li> <li>Maj. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoni_Heda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoni Heda">Antoni Heda</a> ("Szary")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Tadeusz Jachimek ("Ninka")</li> <li>Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciszek_Jerzy_Jaskulski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciszek Jerzy Jaskulski">Franciszek Jerzy Jaskulski</a> ("Zagończyk")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Henryk Jóźwiak ("Groźny")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazimierz_Kamie%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazimierz Kamieński">Kazimierz Kamieński</a> ("Huzar")</li> <li>2nd Lt./Lt. Col of NSZ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Kasznica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanisław Kasznica">Stanisław Kasznica</a> ("Wąsowski", "Przepona", and "Wąsal")</li> <li>Lt. Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Kawalec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mieczysław Kawalec">Mieczysław Kawalec</a> ("Iza", "Psarski", and "Bronek")</li> <li>Lt. Jan Kempiński ("Błysk")</li> <li>Lt. Stefan Kobos ("Wrzos")</li> <li>Cpt. Jan Kosowski ("Ciborski")</li> <li>Lt. Karol Kazimierz Kostecki ("Kostek")</li> <li>Lt. Jan Kłyś ("Kłyś")</li> <li>Lt. Michał Krupa ("Wierzba" and "Pulkownik")</li> <li>Col./Brig. Gen. (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Posthumous_recognition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Posthumous recognition">posthumous recognition</a>) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksander_Krzy%C5%BCanowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aleksander Krzyżanowski">Aleksander Krzyżanowski</a> ("Wilk")</li> <li>Cpt. Ludwik Kubik ("Alfred", "Julian", and "Lucjan")</li> <li>Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kura%C5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Kuraś">Józef Kuraś</a> ("Ogień")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Adam Kusz ("Garbaty")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Władysław Kuśmierczyk ("Longinus")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Wincenty Kwieciński ("Głóg")</li> <li>Maj. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adam_Lazarowicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adam Lazarowicz">Adam Lazarowicz</a> ("Klamra", "Pomorski", "Kleszcz", and "Zygmunt")</li> <li>Lt. Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henryk_Lewczuk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henryk Lewczuk">Henryk Lewczuk</a> ("Młot")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Władysław Liniarski ("Mścisław", "Wuj", and "Jan")</li> <li>Lt. Stanisław Łukasik ("Ryś")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Władysław Łukasiuk">Władysław Łukasiuk</a> ("Młot")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Józef Maciołek ("Żuraw", "Kazimierz", "Marian", and "Roch")</li> <li>Cpt. Jan Marawca ("Remiusz")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Stanisław Marchewka ("Ryba")</li> <li>Lt. Józef Marcinkowski ("Łysy")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Lucjan Minkiewicz ("Wiktor")</li> <li>Maj. Kazimierz Mirecki ("Zmuda")</li> <li>Cpt. Lech Neyman ("Domarat")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Mieczysław Niedzielski ("Men" and "Grot")</li> <li>Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciszek_Niepok%C3%B3lczycki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciszek Niepokólczycki">Franciszek Niepokólczycki</a> ("Szubert")</li> <li>Lt. Wiktor Zacheusz Nowowiejski ("Jeż")</li> <li>Lt. Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoni_Olechnowicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoni Olechnowicz">Antoni Olechnowicz</a> ("Lawicz", "Pohorecki")</li> <li>Maj. Mieczysław Pazderski ("Szary")</li> <li>Lt. Stanisław Pelczer ("Majka")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witold_Pilecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a> ("Witold")</li> <li>Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciszek_Przysi%C4%99%C5%BCniak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciszek Przysiężniak">Franciszek Przysiężniak</a> ("Ojciec Jan")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romuald_Rajs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romuald Rajs">Romuald Rajs</a> ("Bury")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Albin Rak ("Lesiński")</li> <li>Lt. Józef Ramatowski ("Rawicz")</li> <li>Cpt. Wacław Rejmak ("Ostoja")</li> <li>Maj. Zygmunt Rogalski ("Kacper")</li> <li>Lt. Jan Rogólka ("Grot")</li> <li>Col. Kazimierz Rolewicz ("Kama", "Ira", "Oko", "Mila", "Olgierd", "Zbyszek", and "Solski")</li> <li>Lt. Lechosław Roszkowski ("Tomasz")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Józef Rybicki ("Mestwin")</li> <li>Maj. Aleksander Rybnik ("Jerzy" and "Dziki")</li> <li>Maj. Józef Rządzki ("Boryna")</li> <li>Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Rzepka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Rzepka">Józef Rzepka</a> ("Krzysztof" and "Znicz")</li> <li>Col. Antoni Sanojca ("Kortum")</li> <li>Lt. Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_S%C4%99dziak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanisław Sędziak">Stanisław Sędziak</a> ("Wiatr" and "Warta")</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danuta_Siedzik%C3%B3wna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danuta Siedzikówna">Danuta Siedzikówna</a> ("Inka")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Sojczy%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanisław Sojczyński">Stanisław Sojczyński</a> ("Warszyc")</li> <li>Sgt. Władysław Stefanowski ("Grom")</li> <li>Maj. Stanisław Szacoń ("Szacun")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Jan Szczurek-Cergowski ("Sławbor")</li> <li>Maj. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zygmunt Szendzielarz">Zygmunt Szendzielarz</a> ("Łupaszko")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Teodor Śmiałowski ("Szumny", "Grom", and "Cichy")</li> <li>Franciszek Andrulewicz,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> his sister Janina and cousin Witold were also murdered;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> and the family had already lost at least one relative at the hands of the Nazis.</li> <li>Maj. Jan Tabortowski ("Bruzda")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Edward Taraszkiewicz ("Żelazny")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Leon Taraszkiewicz ("Jastrząb")</li> <li>Lt. Col. Walerian Tumanowicz ("Jagodziński")</li> <li>2nd Lt. <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Tudruj" class="extiw" title="pl:Edmund Tudruj">Edmund Tudruj</a> ("Mundek")</li> <li>2nd Lt. Eugeniusz Walewski ("Zemsta")</li> <li>Cpt. <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C3%25B3zef_Zadzierski" class="extiw" title="pl:Józef Zadzierski">Józef Zadzierski</a> ("Wołyniak")</li> <li>2nd Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerzy_Zakulski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerzy Zakulski">Jerzy Zakulski</a> ("Czarny Mecenas")</li> <li>Lt. Wacław Grabowski ("Puszczyk")</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemieszkiewicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz">Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz</a> ("Rój")</li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Witold Pilecki ("Witold")"> <noscript> <img alt="Witold Pilecki ("Witold")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG/76px-Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="426"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG/76px-Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG" data-alt="Witold Pilecki ("Witold")" data-width="76" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG/114px-Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG/152px-Witold_Pilecki_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witold_Pilecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a> ("Witold") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="August Emil Fieldorf ("Nil")"> <noscript> <img alt="August Emil Fieldorf ("Nil")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg/80px-Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="381"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg/80px-Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg" data-alt="August Emil Fieldorf ("Nil")" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg/120px-Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg/160px-Genera%C5%82_August_Emil_Fieldorf.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/August_Emil_Fieldorf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="August Emil Fieldorf">August Emil Fieldorf</a> ("Nil") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Aleksander Krzyzanowski ("Wilk")"> <noscript> <img alt="Aleksander Krzyzanowski ("Wilk")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg/89px-Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="324"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 89px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg/89px-Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg" data-alt="Aleksander Krzyzanowski ("Wilk")" data-width="89" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg/133px-Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg/178px-Aleksander_Krzyzanowski.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aleksander_Krzyzanowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Krzyzanowski">Aleksander Krzyzanowski</a> ("Wilk") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_(%C5%81upaszka).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Zygmunt Szendzielarz ("Łupaszko")"> <noscript> <img alt="Zygmunt Szendzielarz ("Łupaszko")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg/86px-Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="657"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 86px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg/86px-Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg" data-alt="Zygmunt Szendzielarz ("Łupaszko")" data-width="86" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg/130px-Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg/173px-Zygmunt_Szendzielarz_%28%C5%81upaszka%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zygmunt Szendzielarz">Zygmunt Szendzielarz</a> ("Łupaszko") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Marian Bernaciak ("Orlik")"> <noscript> <img alt="Marian Bernaciak ("Orlik")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg/76px-Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="603"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 76px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg/76px-Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg" data-alt="Marian Bernaciak ("Orlik")" data-width="76" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg/114px-Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg/152px-Marian_Bernaciak-Orlik.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marian_Bernaciak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marian Bernaciak">Marian Bernaciak</a> ("Orlik") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Józef Kuraś ("Ogień": "Fire")"> <noscript> <img alt="Lt. Józef Kuraś ("Ogień": "Fire")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg/99px-J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 99px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg/99px-J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg" data-alt="Lt. Józef Kuraś ("Ogień": "Fire")" data-width="99" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg/149px-J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg/198px-J%C3%B3zef_Kuras_Ogie%C5%84.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Lt. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kura%C5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Kuraś">Józef Kuraś</a> ("Ogień": "Fire") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Col. Franciszek Niepokólczycki ("Teodor")"> <noscript> <img alt="Col. Franciszek Niepokólczycki ("Teodor")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg/105px-Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="735"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 105px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg/105px-Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg" data-alt="Col. Franciszek Niepokólczycki ("Teodor")" data-width="105" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg/157px-Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg/209px-Niepokolczycki_Franciszek.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Col. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciszek_Niepok%C3%B3lczycki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciszek Niepokólczycki">Franciszek Niepokólczycki</a> ("Teodor") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Danuta Siedzikówna ("Inka")"> <noscript> <img alt="Danuta Siedzikówna ("Inka")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg/92px-Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="375"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg/92px-Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg" data-alt="Danuta Siedzikówna ("Inka")" data-width="92" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg/139px-Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg/185px-Danuta_Siedzikowna_Sopot.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danuta_Siedzik%C3%B3wna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danuta Siedzikówna">Danuta Siedzikówna</a> ("Inka") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:HenrykFlame.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Henryk Flame ("Bartek")"> <noscript> <img alt="Henryk Flame ("Bartek")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/HenrykFlame.jpg/92px-HenrykFlame.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="741"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/HenrykFlame.jpg/92px-HenrykFlame.jpg" data-alt="Henryk Flame ("Bartek")" data-width="92" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/HenrykFlame.jpg/138px-HenrykFlame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/HenrykFlame.jpg/184px-HenrykFlame.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henryk_Flame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henryk Flame">Henryk Flame</a> ("Bartek") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Władysław Łukasiuk ("Młot": "Hammer")"> <noscript> <img alt="Władysław Łukasiuk ("Młot": "Hammer")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG/95px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="487"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG/95px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG" data-alt="Władysław Łukasiuk ("Młot": "Hammer")" data-width="95" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG/142px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG/190px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%81ukasiuk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Władysław Łukasiuk">Władysław Łukasiuk</a> ("Młot": "Hammer") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Józef Franczak ("Lalek")"> <noscript> <img alt="Józef Franczak ("Lalek")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg/96px-J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="519"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg/96px-J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg" data-alt="Józef Franczak ("Lalek")" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg/144px-J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg/192px-J%C3%B3zef_Franczak_Lalek.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Franczak">Józef Franczak</a> ("Lalek") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Łukasz Ciepliński ("Ludwik")"> <noscript> <img alt="Łukasz Ciepliński ("Ludwik")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg/85px-%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="414"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg/85px-%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg" data-alt="Łukasz Ciepliński ("Ludwik")" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg/128px-%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg/170px-%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łukasz Ciepliński">Łukasz Ciepliński</a> ("Ludwik") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Wacław Lipiński ("Aleksander")"> <noscript> <img alt="Wacław Lipiński ("Aleksander")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png/80px-Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png/80px-Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png" data-alt="Wacław Lipiński ("Aleksander")" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png/120px-Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png/160px-Waclaw_Lipinski_1937.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wac%C5%82aw_Lipi%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wacław Lipiński">Wacław Lipiński</a> ("Aleksander") </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz ("Rój")"> <noscript> <img alt="Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz ("Rój")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg/85px-Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="495"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg/85px-Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg" data-alt="Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz ("Rój")" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg/127px-Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg/170px-Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemiszkiewicz_R%C3%B3j.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemieszkiewicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz">Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz</a> ("Rój") </div></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The "cursed soldiers" served as an inspiration for numerous films, documentaries, books, stage plays, and songs and, in Poland, they have become the ultimate symbol of patriotism and heroic fight for fatherland against all odds. Notable examples include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Film">Film</h3> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg/250px-Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1406" data-file-height="1407"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg/250px-Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg/375px-Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg/500px-Odzie%C5%BC_tzw._patriotyczna.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The "cursed soldiers" graphic design on patriotic apparel </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>In 1958, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> directed the film <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashes_and_Diamonds_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashes and Diamonds (film)">Ashes and Diamonds</a> whose main protagonist, Maciek Chełmicki, is a member of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Communist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Communist">anti-Communist</a> underground in Poland.</li> <li>In 1990, Tadeusz Pawlicki directed a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Documentary_film?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> entitled Witold, which is dedicated to the life of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witold_Pilecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a>, the author of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witold%27s_Report?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witold's Report">Witold's Report</a>, the first comprehensive intelligence report on the atrocities committed at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>. The film features interviews with Pilecki's wife and his children Zofia and Andrzej. It was broadcast on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TVP2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TVP2">TVP2</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TVP_Historia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TVP Historia">TVP Historia</a> television channels.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li>In 1995, Alina Czerniakowska directed a documentary in collaboration with historian Leszek Żebrowski on the Polish anti-communist underground after the end of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a> entitled Zwycięstwo ("Victory").<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>In 1996, Tadeusz Pawlicki, directed the film My, ogniowe dzieci, telling the story of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kura%C5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Kuraś">Józef Kuraś</a> alias Ogień ("Fire").<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li>In 2000, Mariusz Pietrowski, directed Łupaszko, a documentary film on the life of major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zygmunt Szendzielarz">Zygmunt Szendzielarz</a> (known as Łupaszko).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li>In 2002, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grzegorz_Kr%C3%B3likiewicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grzegorz Królikiewicz">Grzegorz Królikiewicz</a> directed a documentary film devoted to the life of Józef Kuraś entitled A potem nazwali go bandytą ("And Then They Called Him a Bandit...").</li> <li>In 2004, a documentary Against the Odds: Resistance in Nazi Concentration Camps was produced. It features the story of Witold Pilecki.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>In 2007, Jerzy Zalewski's film Elegia na śmierć Roja is dedicated to portraying the history of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemieszkiewicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz">Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz</a>.</li> <li>In 2008, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discovery_Historia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discovery Historia">Discovery Historia</a> channel broadcast a two-part documentary entitled In the Name of the Polish People's Republic.</li> <li>In 2009, a documentary series Cursed Soldiers was produced by Discovery Historia.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li>In 2013, Dariusz Walusiak's film Escape from Hell. Tracing the Steps of Witold Pilecki is dedicated to the escape of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witold_Pilecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a>, Jan Redzeja and Edward Ciesielski from the notorious <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>.</li> <li>In 2014, Heroes of War: Poland was produced by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sky_Vision?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sky Vision">Sky Vision</a> for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_Channel_UK?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="History Channel UK">History Channel UK</a> and features the life of Witold Pilecki.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li>In 2015, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telewizja_Polska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a> channel produced a documentary film Inka. Zachowałam się jak trzeba directed by Arkadiusz Gołebiewski and portraying the life of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danuta_Siedzik%C3%B3wna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danuta Siedzikówna">Danuta Siedzikówna</a>, a Polish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medical_orderly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical orderly">medical orderly</a> in the 4th Squadron of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wile%C5%84ska_Cavalry_Brigade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wileńska Cavalry Brigade">5th Wilno Brigade</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Home Army">Home Army</a> who was captured, tortured and sentenced to death at the age of 17 by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communism_in_Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communism in Poland">communist authorities</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>2016 saw the premiere of Jerzy Zalewski's film Historia Roja starring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krzysztof_Zalewski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krzysztof Zalewski">Krzysztof Zalewski</a> as the main character.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li>In 2017, Konrad Łęcki directed Wyklęty ("The Cursed"), a film based on the life of anti-communist resistance member <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Franczak">Józef Franczak</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Music">Music</h3> </div> <ul> <li>In 1996, Leszek Czajkowski's album Śpiewnik oszołoma was published which includes a number of songs dedicated to the memory of the "cursed soldiers".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>In 2009, a Polish-Norwegian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Punk_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> band <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De Press">De Press</a> released an album Myśmy rebelianci ("We Are Rebels") honouring the legacy of the "cursed soldiers".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>In 2011, Polish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hip-hop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a> artist Tadek released a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Single_(music)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Single (music)">single</a> "Żołnierze wyklęci" to pay tribute to the members of the anti-communist underground operating after the end of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_World_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> in Poland.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>In 2011, a hip hop band Hemp Gru, released an album Loyalty, which features a single "Forgotten Heroes".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li>In 2012, Obłęd band released an album entitled 100% Obłęd featuring a single dedicated to the Cursed Soldiers.</li> <li>In 2013, Polish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rapper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapper">rapper</a> Ptaku released an album NaRa featuring a single "Żołnierze Wyklęci" with references to the lives of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kura%C5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Kuraś">Józef Kuraś</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ryszard Kukliński">Ryszard Kukliński</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Gan-Ganowicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafał Gan-Ganowicz">Rafał Gan-Ganowicz</a>.</li> <li>2013 saw the release of an album Panny wyklęte, a music project by Dariusz Malejonek in collaboration with Polish singers including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marika_(singer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marika (singer)">Marika</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natalia_Przybysz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natalia Przybysz">Natalia Przybysz</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halina_Mlynkova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halina Mlynkova">Halina Mlynkova</a> devoted to the contribution of female members of the anti-communist movement.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>In 2013, rapper Evtis released three singles inspired by the history of the Cursed Soldiers: "The Volunteer" (referring to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witold_Pilecki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a>), "Indomitable Heroes" (referring to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Sojczy%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanisław Sojczyński">Stanisław Sojczyński</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Łukasz Ciepliński">Łukasz Ciepliński</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hieronim_Dekutowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hieronim Dekutowski">Hieronim Dekutowski</a>), and "You Acted Right" (referring to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danuta_Siedzik%C3%B3wna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danuta Siedzikówna">Danuta Siedzikówna</a>).</li> <li>In 2013, Forteca band released an album Kto dziś upomni się o pamięć.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>In 2014, Joined band released a single "Zabrali mi ciebie Tato" ("They Took You Away From Me, Dad") devoted to the murdered soldiers of the anti-communist underground.</li> <li>In 2014, Swedish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heavy_metal_music?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> band <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabaton_(band)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabaton (band)">Sabaton</a> paid tribute to Witold Pilecki in the single "Inmate 4859".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>In 2015, Horytnica band released a single "Rój", referring to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Dziemieszkiewicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz">Mieczysław Dziemieszkiewicz</a>, one of the Cursed Soldiers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3> </div> <ul> <li>On 15 May 2006, a stage production Śmierć rotmistrza Pileckiego ("The Death of Captain Pilecki") directed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ryszard_Bugajski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ryszard Bugajski">Ryszard Bugajski</a> and starring Marek Probosz had its premiere.</li> <li>On 22 January 2007, a play Inka. 1946 produced by Teatr Telewizji and diredcted by Natalia Koryncka-Gruz had its premiere in Poland.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Books">Books</h3> </div> <ul> <li>In 2016, Polish historian Lech Kowalski published a monumental 1,100 page book Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego a Żołnierze Wyklęci (English: "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internal_Security_Corps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internal Security Corps">Internal Security Corps</a> and the Cursed Soldiers"), which focuses on the fight undertaken by the communist state authorities against Poland's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Communist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Communist">anti-Communist</a> underground in the years 1944–1956.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>In 2019, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jack_Fairweather_(writer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jack Fairweather (writer)">Jack Fairweather</a> published a book <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Volunteer_(book)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Volunteer (book)">The Volunteer: One Man's Mission to Lead an Underground Army Inside Auschwitz and Stop the Holocaust</a> whose subject is Witold Pilecki.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a> His book won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costa_Book_Awards?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costa Book Awards">Costa Book Awards</a> – Book of the Year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Soviet_partisans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti-Soviet partisans">Anti-Soviet partisans</a></li> <li>Leśni</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forlorn_hope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forlorn hope">Forlorn hope</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forest_Brothers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Brothers">Forest Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanese_holdout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanese holdout">Japanese holdout</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> Atlas polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944–1956, Warszawa–Lublin 2007, s. XXXIII.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> Sławomir Poleszak, Rafał Wnuk: Zarys dziejów polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944–1956. W: Atlas polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944–1956. Wyd. 1. Warszawa – Lublin: IPN, 2007, s. XXII–XXXVIII. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-60464-45-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-60464-45-8">978-83-60464-45-8</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostov2015" class="citation book cs1">Kostov, Chris (14 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrvM_CgAAQBAJ">The Communist Century: From Revolution To Decay: 1917 to 2000</a>. Andrews UK Limited. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781785382178?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781785382178"><bdi>9781785382178</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Century%3A+From+Revolution+To+Decay%3A+1917+to+2000&rft.pub=Andrews+UK+Limited&rft.date=2015-05-14&rft.isbn=9781785382178&rft.aulast=Kostov&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrvM_CgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-poland/polish-group-sues-argentine-paper-under-new-holocaust-law-idUSKCN1GF0RF">"Polish group sues Argentine paper under new Holocaust law"</a>. Reuters. 4 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Polish+group+sues+Argentine+paper+under+new+Holocaust+law&rft.date=2018-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-poland%2Fpolish-group-sues-argentine-paper-under-new-holocaust-law-idUSKCN1GF0RF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.msz.gov.pl/en/p/nairobi_ke_a_en/news/1st_of__march____indomitable__soldiers_national_remembrance_day?channel%3Dwww">"1st of March - "Indomitable" Soldiers National Remembrance Day"</a>. www.msz.gov.pl.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.msz.gov.pl&rft.atitle=1st+of+March+-+%22Indomitable%22+Soldiers+National+Remembrance+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msz.gov.pl%2Fen%2Fp%2Fnairobi_ke_a_en%2Fnews%2F1st_of__march____indomitable__soldiers_national_remembrance_day%3Fchannel%3Dwww&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/od-wykletych-do-smolenska-jak-i-po-co-pis-przepisuje-najnowsza-historie-polski,a,61546">"Od wyklętych do Smoleńska: jak - i po co - PiS przepisuje najnowszą historię Polski?"</a>, and interview with professor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Wnuk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafał Wnuk">Rafał Wnuk</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Bagley-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bagley_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTennent_H._Bagley2007" class="citation book cs1">Tennent H. Bagley (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/spywarsmolesmyst00bagl">Spy wars: moles, mysteries, and deadly games</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/spywarsmolesmyst00bagl/page/120">120</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12198-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12198-8"><bdi>978-0-300-12198-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 May 2011. <q>puppet government they had set up formally disbanded the AK.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spy+wars%3A+moles%2C+mysteries%2C+and+deadly+games&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12198-8&rft.au=Tennent+H.+Bagley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspywarsmolesmyst00bagl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-muzeum.krosno-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-muzeum.krosno_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503203703/http://www.muzeum.krosno.pl/archiwum/zolnierze_wykleci/zolnierze.htm">"Żołnierze wyklęci: Antykomunistyczne podziemie po 1945 roku"</a>. Muzeum Podkarpackie, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krosno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krosno">Krosno</a>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.muzeum.krosno.pl/archiwum/zolnierze_wykleci/zolnierze.htm">the original</a> on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 29 May 2011. <q>w 50 lat po zamordowaniu członków IV Zarządu Głównego Zrzeszenia Wolność i Niezawisłość</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C5%BBo%C5%82nierze+wykl%C4%99ci%3A+Antykomunistyczne+podziemie+po+1945+roku&rft.pub=Muzeum+Podkarpackie%2C+Krosno&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muzeum.krosno.pl%2Farchiwum%2Fzolnierze_wykleci%2Fzolnierze.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988">  (in Polish)</li> <li id="cite_note-ipn.gov.pl-9">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ipn.gov.pl_9-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ipn.gov.pl_9-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ipn.gov.pl_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnieszka_Adamiak,_Oddziałowe_Biuro_Edukacji_Publicznej2001" class="citation web cs1">Agnieszka Adamiak, Oddziałowe Biuro Edukacji Publicznej (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207124559/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/359/925/">"Żołnierze wyklęci. Antykomunistyczne podziemie na Rzeszowszczyźnie po1944 roku"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/359/925/">the original</a> on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C5%BBo%C5%82nierze+wykl%C4%99ci.+Antykomunistyczne+podziemie+na+Rzeszowszczy%C5%BAnie+po1944+roku&rft.pub=Institute+of+National+Remembrance&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Agnieszka+Adamiak%2C+Oddzia%C5%82owe+Biuro+Edukacji+Publicznej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipn.gov.pl%2Fportal%2Fpl%2F359%2F925%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988">  (in Polish)</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelkingLeociakLibionka2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Engelking, Barbara; Leociak, Jacek; Libionka, Dariusz (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DGwlnAAAAMAAJ">[Zagłada Żydów. Pamięć narodowa a pisanie historii w Polsce i we Francji</a> (in Polish). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maria_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maria Curie-Skłodowska University">Maria Curie-Skłodowska University</a>. p. 195. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788322724323?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9788322724323"><bdi>9788322724323</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5BZag%C5%82ada+%C5%BByd%C3%B3w.+Pami%C4%99%C4%87+narodowa+a+pisanie+historii+w+Polsce+i+we+Francji&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Maria+Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska+University&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788322724323&rft.aulast=Engelking&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Leociak%2C+Jacek&rft.au=Libionka%2C+Dariusz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGwlnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegieńSiegień2020" class="citation web cs1">Siegień, Paulina; Siegień, Wojciech (24 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/02/24/an-unwanted-march-polish-nationalists-honour-anti-communist-partisans-accused-of-war-crimes/">"An unwanted march: Polish nationalists honour anti-communist partisans accused of war crimes"</a>. Notes from Poland. Retrieved 22 March 2023. <q>"I very much appreciate the actions of Romuald 'Bury' Rajs," one participant in the march, Wiesław Bielawski, tells us. [...] "Bury was one of the greatest Polish heroes of the postwar period. He and his troops fought communists, managed to eliminate communist party cells, fought people collaborating with communists, executed traitors to the Polish nation." Asked if civilians killed in 1946 were traitors to the Polish nation, Bielawski and his friends argue that civilians died only because they did not obey the orders of Bury's soldiers. Why did Bury burn one of the villages? Because this property served traitors to the Polish nation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+unwanted+march%3A+Polish+nationalists+honour+anti-communist+partisans+accused+of+war+crimes&rft.pub=Notes+from+Poland&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Siegie%C5%84&rft.aufirst=Paulina&rft.au=Siegie%C5%84%2C+Wojciech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2020%2F02%2F24%2Fan-unwanted-march-polish-nationalists-honour-anti-communist-partisans-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> </ul></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoschalka2020" class="citation web cs1">Koschalka, Ben (2 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/03/02/poles-should-be-willing-to-die-for-their-country-like-the-cursed-soldiers-says-pm/">"Poles should be willing to die for their country like the "cursed soldiers", says PM"</a>. Notes from Poland. Retrieved 22 March 2023. <q>But commemoration of the cursed soldiers also often stirs controversy, given that among the undisputed heroes, such as [Witold] Pilecki, are some figures who have been found responsible for the killing of civilians, including from ethnic minorities such as Jews and Belarusians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poles+should+be+willing+to+die+for+their+country+like+the+%22cursed+soldiers%22%2C+says+PM&rft.pub=Notes+from+Poland&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft.aulast=Koschalka&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2020%2F03%2F02%2Fpoles-should-be-willing-to-die-for-their-country-like-the-cursed-soldiers-says-pm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilles2021" class="citation web cs1">Tilles, Daniel (3 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://notesfrompoland.com/2021/03/03/controversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes/">"Controversy over state commemoration of Polish anti-communist partisan accused of war crimes"</a>. Notes from Poland. Retrieved 22 March 2023. <q>But many in Poland – particularly on the political right – regard [Zygmunt] Szendzielarz as a hero for his role in fighting the wartime German occupiers and postwar communist authorities, who executed him in 1951. They often argue that the reputation of the cursed soldiers was deliberately and falsely tarnished by the communists. "The communists considered Szendzielarz one of their greatest opponents," said Piotr Niwiński, a historian at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Gda%C5%84sk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Gdańsk">University of Gdańsk</a>, quoted by the Polish Press Agency (PAP). "[So] they tried to annihilate him not only physically but also through propaganda, blaming him for many crimes."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Controversy+over+state+commemoration+of+Polish+anti-communist+partisan+accused+of+war+crimes&rft.pub=Notes+from+Poland&rft.date=2021-03-03&rft.aulast=Tilles&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fcontroversy-over-state-commemoration-of-polish-anti-communist-partisan-accused-of-war-crimes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilles2022" class="citation web cs1">Tilles, Daniel (9 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://notesfrompoland.com/2022/02/09/opposition-mps-walk-out-as-polish-parliament-honours-resistance-fighter-accused-of-war-crime/">"Opposition MPs walk out as Polish parliament honours resistance fighter accused of war crime"</a>. Notes from Poland. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opposition+MPs+walk+out+as+Polish+parliament+honours+resistance+fighter+accused+of+war+crime&rft.pub=Notes+from+Poland&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft.aulast=Tilles&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2022%2F02%2F09%2Fopposition-mps-walk-out-as-polish-parliament-honours-resistance-fighter-accused-of-war-crime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilles2023" class="citation web cs1">Tilles, Daniel (22 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/03/22/jewish-leaders-condemn-polish-coin-honouring-wwii-partisan-accused-of-murdering-jews/">"Jewish leaders condemn Polish coin honouring WWII partisan accused of murdering Jews"</a>. Notes from Poland. Retrieved 22 March 2023. <q>On its website, the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) [...] defends [Józef] Kuraś's legacy. It argues he has been unfairly portrayed as a murderous antisemite due to the lasting effect of communist propaganda, which sought to sully the name of the cursed soldiers. The IPN admits that "Jews died at the hands of the [Polish] underground". However, this was not because they were Jews, but because "of their service in the [communist] organs of repression, Polish Workers' Party or cooperation with the Department of Security".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+leaders+condemn+Polish+coin+honouring+WWII+partisan+accused+of+murdering+Jews&rft.pub=Notes+from+Poland&rft.date=2023-03-22&rft.aulast=Tilles&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnotesfrompoland.com%2F2023%2F03%2F22%2Fjewish-leaders-condemn-polish-coin-honouring-wwii-partisan-accused-of-murdering-jews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> </ul></li> <li id="cite_note-Chod-12">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chod_12-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chod_12-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ruf.rice.edu/%257Esarmatia/406/262choda.html">Review of Sowjetische Partisanen in Weißrußland</a>, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marek_Jan_Chodakiewicz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marek Jan Chodakiewicz">Marek Jan Chodakiewicz</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarmatian_Review?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarmatian Review">Sarmatian Review</a>, April 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-Rzecz-13">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-4">e</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-5">f</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-6">g</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-7">h</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rzecz_13-8">i</a> Andrzej Kaczyński (2 October 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219051422/http://www.rzeczpospolita.pl/specjal_041002/specjal_a_6.html">Wielkie polowanie: Prześladowania akowców w Polsce Ludowej</a> [Great hunt: the persecutions of AK soldiers in the People's Republic of Poland], <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_(newspaper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)">Rzeczpospolita</a>, Nr 232, last accessed 21 March 2016 via Internet Archive.</li> <li id="cite_note-Piotrowski-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Piotrowski_14-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tadeusz_Piotrowski_(sociologist)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tadeusz Piotrowski (sociologist)">Tadeusz Piotrowski</a>, Poland's Holocaust, McFarland & Company, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0371-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0371-3">0-7864-0371-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot/page/88">Google Print, pp. 88</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot/page/88">89</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot/page/90">90</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-JOG-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JOG_15-0">^</a> Judith Olsak-Glass, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~sarmatia/199/glass.html">Review of Piotrowski's Poland's Holocaust</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarmatian_Review?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarmatian Review">Sarmatian Review</a>, January 1999.</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> Prazmowska, A. (2004) Civil war in Poland, 1942-1948, Palgrave <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-98212-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-98212-6">0-333-98212-6</a> Page 115</li> <li id="cite_note-Malcher-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Malcher_17-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Malcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Malcher">Malcher, G.C.</a> (1993) Blank Pages, Pyrford Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-897984-00-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-897984-00-6">1-897984-00-6</a>, Page 73</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> Mikolajczyk, S. (1948) The pattern of Soviet domination, Sampson Low, Marston & Co, Page 125</li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> Garlinski, J.(1985) Poland in the Second World War Macmillan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2">0-333-39258-2</a> Page 324</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> Prazmowska, A. (2004) Civil war in Poland, 1942-1948 Palgrave <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-98212-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-98212-6">0-333-98212-6</a> Page 116</li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> Michta, A. (1990) Red Eagle Stanford University <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8179-8862-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8179-8862-9">0-8179-8862-9</a> Page 39</li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> Garlinski, J.(1985) Poland in the Second World War Macmillan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2">0-333-39258-2</a> Page 325-326</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> Umiastowski, R. (1946) Poland, Russia and Great Britain 1941-1945 Hollis & Carter Pages 462-464</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> Piesakowski, T. (1990) The fate of Poles in the USSR 1939~1989 Gryf Pages 198-199</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> Garlinski, J.(1985) Poland in the Second World War Macmillan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2">0-333-39258-2</a> Page 335</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> Garlinski, J.(1985) Poland in the Second World War Macmillan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-39258-2">0-333-39258-2</a> Page 336</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> Umiastowski, R. (1946) Poland, Russia and Great Britain 1941-1945 Hollis & Carter Pages 467-468</li> <li id="cite_note-Piecuch1996-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Piecuch1996_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenryk_Piecuch1996" class="citation book cs1">Henryk Piecuch (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DgbC1AAAAIAAJ">Akcje specjalne: od Bieruta do Ochaba</a>. Wydawn. "69". p. 116. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-86244-05-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-86244-05-8"><bdi>978-83-86244-05-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akcje+specjalne%3A+od+Bieruta+do+Ochaba&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Wydawn.+%2269%22&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-83-86244-05-8&rft.au=Henryk+Piecuch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgbC1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-ipn.gov.pl-2-29">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ipn.gov.pl-2_29-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ipn.gov.pl-2_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930192920/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/2/1002/Otwarcie_wystawy_8222Zbrodnie_w_majestacie_prawa_1944821119568221_8211_Krakow_2_.html">"Otwarcie wystawy "Zbrodnie w majestacie prawa 1944–1956" – Kraków, 2 lutego 2006"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Instytut_Pami%C4%99ci_Narodowej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Instytut Pamięci Narodowej">Instytut Pamięci Narodowej</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/2/1002/Otwarcie_wystawy_8222Zbrodnie_w_majestacie_prawa_1944821119568221_8211_Krakow_2_.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Otwarcie+wystawy+%22Zbrodnie+w+majestacie+prawa+1944%E2%80%931956%22+%E2%80%93+Krak%C3%B3w%2C+2+lutego+2006&rft.pub=Instytut+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipn.gov.pl%2Fportal%2Fpl%2F2%2F1002%2FOtwarcie_wystawy_8222Zbrodnie_w_majestacie_prawa_1944821119568221_8211_Krakow_2_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-epodkarpacie-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-epodkarpacie_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrząd_Gminy_Kuryłówka" class="citation web cs1">Urząd Gminy Kuryłówka. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143657/http://epodkarpacie.com/index.php?page%3Dguide%26main_guide_id%3D60%26usection_id%3D275%26poll_id%3D1">"Kuryłówka village. Calendarium"</a>. Portal Podkarpacki. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://epodkarpacie.com/index.php?page%3Dguide%26main_guide_id%3D60%26usection_id%3D275%26poll_id%3D1">the original</a> on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kury%C5%82%C3%B3wka+village.+Calendarium&rft.pub=Portal+Podkarpacki&rft.au=Urz%C4%85d+Gminy+Kury%C5%82%C3%B3wka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepodkarpacie.com%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dguide%26main_guide_id%3D60%26usection_id%3D275%26poll_id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-1-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davies-1_31-0">^</a> Norman Davies, No Simple Victory, Viking Penguin, 2006. [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]</li> <li id="cite_note-Davies0-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davies0_32-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Davies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rising_%2744?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rising '44">Rising '44</a>, 2004, Viking Penguin, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-03284-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-03284-0">0-670-03284-0</a>, p. 495</li> <li id="cite_note-Davies1-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davies1_33-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Davies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rising_%2744?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rising '44">Rising '44</a>, 2003, Macmillan, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-90568-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-90568-7">0-333-90568-7</a>, p. 495</li> <li id="cite_note-Davies2-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davies2_34-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Davies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rising_%2744?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rising '44">Rising '44</a>, 2004, Pan, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-48863-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-48863-5">0-330-48863-5</a>, p. 497</li> <li id="cite_note-Piotrowski1-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Piotrowski1_35-0">^</a> Tadeusz Piotrowski, Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947, McFarland & Company, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0371-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0371-3">0-7864-0371-3</a>, p.131 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot/page/131">Google Print</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-IPN-1-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IPN-1_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722001109/http://www1.ipn.gov.pl/portal.php?serwis%3Dpl%26dzial%3D177%26id%3D816">"Konferencja IPN: "60. rocznica obławy augustowskiej." (IPN Conference on the 60th Anniversary of the Augustów roundup)"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Instytut_Pami%C4%99ci_Narodowej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Instytut Pamięci Narodowej">Instytut Pamięci Narodowej</a>. 20 July 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.ipn.gov.pl/portal.php?serwis%3Dpl%26dzial%3D177%26id%3D816">the original</a> on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Konferencja+IPN%3A+%2260.+rocznica+ob%C5%82awy+augustowskiej.%22+%28IPN+Conference+on+the+60th+Anniversary+of+the+August%C3%B3w+roundup%29&rft.pub=Instytut+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.date=2005-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.ipn.gov.pl%2Fportal.php%3Fserwis%3Dpl%26dzial%3D177%26id%3D816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988">  (in Polish)</li> <li id="cite_note-Not_Only-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Not_Only_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreneusz_SewastianowiczStanisław_Kulikowski1990" class="citation book cs1">Ireneusz Sewastianowicz; Stanisław Kulikowski (1990). "Part 10: "The Augustow Missing"". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/not-only-katyn-the-augustow-missing.html">Not Only Katyn</a>. Białostockie Wydawn. Prasowe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+10%3A+%22The+Augustow+Missing%22&rft.btitle=Not+Only+Katyn&rft.pub=Bia%C5%82ostockie+Wydawn.+Prasowe&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Ireneusz+Sewastianowicz&rft.au=Stanis%C5%82aw+Kulikowski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doomedsoldiers.com%2Fnot-only-katyn-the-augustow-missing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:CS1_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/not-only-katyn-the-roundup-begins.html">Photograph of Franciszek Andrulewicz</a> at DoomedSoldiers.com</li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/not-only-katyn-the-augustow-missing.html">List of the Augustow Missing</a> at DoomedSoldiers.com</li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStankiewicz" class="citation web cs1">Stankiewicz, Janusz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stankiewicze.com/index.php/index.php?kat%3D32%26sub%3D1015">"Janusz Stankiewicz. Genealogia, przodkowie, badania genealogiczne, forum dyskusyjne"</a>. www.stankiewicze.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stankiewicze.com&rft.atitle=Janusz+Stankiewicz.+Genealogia%2C+przodkowie%2C+badania+genealogiczne%2C+forum+dyskusyjne&rft.aulast=Stankiewicz&rft.aufirst=Janusz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stankiewicze.com%2Findex.php%2Findex.php%3Fkat%3D32%26sub%3D1015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Witold-1990-710362">"Witold"</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Witold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmweb.pl%2Ffilm%2FWitold-1990-710362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Zwyci%25C4%2599stwo-1995-665087">"Zwycięstwo"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zwyci%C4%99stwo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmweb.pl%2Ffilm%2FZwyci%25C4%2599stwo-1995-665087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.filmweb.pl/film/My%252C%2Bogniowe%2Bdzieci-1996-680289">"My, ogniowe dzieci"</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=My%2C+ogniowe+dzieci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmweb.pl%2Ffilm%2FMy%252C%2Bogniowe%2Bdzieci-1996-680289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dzieje.pl/historia-w-kinie/kino-kresowe-w-dsh-projekcja-filmu-dokumentalnego-lupaszko">"Kino Kresowe w DSH - projekcja filmu dokumentalnego "Łupaszko""</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kino+Kresowe+w+DSH+-+projekcja+filmu+dokumentalnego+%22%C5%81upaszko%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzieje.pl%2Fhistoria-w-kinie%2Fkino-kresowe-w-dsh-projekcja-filmu-dokumentalnego-lupaszko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0446268/">"Against the Odds"</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Against+the+Odds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0446268%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://media2.pl/media/58310-Zolnierze-wykleci-nowy-cykl-w-Discovery-Historia.html.">""Żołnierze wyklęci" - nowy cykl w Discovery Historia"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22%C5%BBo%C5%82nierze+wykl%C4%99ci%22+-+nowy+cykl+w+Discovery+Historia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia2.pl%2Fmedia%2F58310-Zolnierze-wykleci-nowy-cykl-w-Discovery-Historia.html.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://realscreen.com/2013/04/25/history-uk-orders-heroes-of-war-from-sky-vision/">History UK orders "Heroes of War" from Sky Vision</a>. Realscreen (25 April 2013). Retrieved 4 March 2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?film%3D1237128">"INKA. ZACHOWAŁAM SIĘ JAK TRZEBA"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=INKA.+ZACHOWA%C5%81AM+SI%C4%98+JAK+TRZEBA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmpolski.pl%2Ffp%2Findex.php%3Ffilm%3D1237128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://europeremembers.com/biography/danuta-siedzikowna-alias-inka/">"DANUTA SIEDZIKÓWNA, ALIAS 'INKA'"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DANUTA+SIEDZIK%C3%93WNA%2C+ALIAS+%27INKA%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuroperemembers.com%2Fbiography%2Fdanuta-siedzikowna-alias-inka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://polandin.com/41545958/poland-honours-indomitable-soldiers">"Poland honours Indomitable Soldiers"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poland+honours+Indomitable+Soldiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolandin.com%2F41545958%2Fpoland-honours-indomitable-soldiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?film%3D1224594">"HISTORIA ROJA"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=HISTORIA+ROJA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmpolski.pl%2Ffp%2Findex.php%3Ffilm%3D1224594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.polishnews.com/konrad-lecki-o-kulisach-powstawania-filmu-wyklety">"Konrad Łęcki o kulisach powstawania filmu "Wyklęty""</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Konrad+%C5%81%C4%99cki+o+kulisach+powstawania+filmu+%22Wykl%C4%99ty%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polishnews.com%2Fkonrad-lecki-o-kulisach-powstawania-filmu-wyklety&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022193928/http://www.sw.org.pl/czajkowski.html">"Pieśni Leszka Czajkowskiego"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sw.org.pl/czajkowski.html">the original</a> on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pie%C5%9Bni+Leszka+Czajkowskiego&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sw.org.pl%2Fczajkowski.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.discogs.com/De-Press-My%25C5%259Bmy-Rebelianci-Piosenki-%25C5%25BBo%25C5%2582nierzy-Wykl%25C4%2599tych-Koncert/release/8079878">"De Press – Myśmy Rebelianci - Piosenki Żołnierzy Wyklętych - Koncert"</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=De+Press+%E2%80%93+My%C5%9Bmy+Rebelianci+-+Piosenki+%C5%BBo%C5%82nierzy+Wykl%C4%99tych+-+Koncert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FDe-Press-My%25C5%259Bmy-Rebelianci-Piosenki-%25C5%25BBo%25C5%2582nierzy-Wykl%25C4%2599tych-Koncert%2Frelease%2F8079878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://echodnia.eu/podkarpackie/tadek-firma-solo-bedzie-rapowal-o-wykletych-w-baranowie-sandomierskim/ar/13919245">"Tadek Firma Solo będzie rapował o Żołnierzach Wyklętych w Baranowie Sandomierskim"</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tadek+Firma+Solo+b%C4%99dzie+rapowa%C5%82+o+%C5%BBo%C5%82nierzach+Wykl%C4%99tych+w+Baranowie+Sandomierskim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fechodnia.eu%2Fpodkarpackie%2Ftadek-firma-solo-bedzie-rapowal-o-wykletych-w-baranowie-sandomierskim%2Far%2F13919245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.polskieradio.pl/10/6529/Artykul/2181910,Piosenki-na-100lecie-Hemp-Gru-Zapomniani-bohaterowie">"Piosenki na 100-lecie. Hemp Gru "Zapomniani bohaterowie""</a>. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Piosenki+na+100-lecie.+Hemp+Gru+%22Zapomniani+bohaterowie%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polskieradio.pl%2F10%2F6529%2FArtykul%2F2181910%2CPiosenki-na-100lecie-Hemp-Gru-Zapomniani-bohaterowie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ncpp.opole.pl/aktualnosci/panny-wyklete/">"Panny wyklęte"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kto+dzi%C5%9B+upomni+si%C4%99+o+pami%C4%99%C4%87%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metal-archives.com%2Falbums%2FForteca%2FKto_dzi%25C5%259B_upomni_si%25C4%2599_o_pami%25C4%2599%25C4%2587%253F%2F388761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sabaton.net/discography/heroes/inmate-4859/">"Inmate 4859"</a>. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inmate+4859&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabaton.net%2Fdiscography%2Fheroes%2Finmate-4859%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kierunki.info.pl/kacper-sikora-znakiem-miecza-recenzja/">"Kacper Sikora: Pod znakiem miecza – recenzja"</a>. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kacper+Sikora%3A+Pod+znakiem+miecza+%E2%80%93+recenzja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkierunki.info.pl%2Fkacper-sikora-znakiem-miecza-recenzja%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?film%3D525013">"INKA 1946"</a>. Retrieved 7 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=INKA+1946&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmpolski.pl%2Ffp%2Findex.php%3Ffilm%3D525013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lubimyczytac.pl/ksiazka/301169/korpus-bezpieczenstwa-wewnetrznego-a-zolnierze-wykleci">"Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego a Żołnierze Wyklęci"</a>. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Korpus+Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa+Wewn%C4%99trznego+a+%C5%BBo%C5%82nierze+Wykl%C4%99ci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flubimyczytac.pl%2Fksiazka%2F301169%2Fkorpus-bezpieczenstwa-wewnetrznego-a-zolnierze-wykleci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/in-pileckis-footsteps-the-story-behind-the-book-the-volunteer-6661">"In Pilecki's footsteps: the story behind the book 'The Volunteer'"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Pilecki%27s+footsteps%3A+the+story+behind+the+book+%27The+Volunteer%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirstnews.com%2Farticle%2Fin-pileckis-footsteps-the-story-behind-the-book-the-volunteer-6661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursed_soldiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204180340/https://www.costa.co.uk/behind-the-beans/costa-book-awards/book-awards">"Costa Book Awards | Behind the beans | Costa Coffee"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.costa.co.uk/behind-the-beans/costa-book-awards/book-awards">the original</a> on 4 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Costa+Book+Awards+%7C+Behind+the+beans+%7C+Costa+Coffee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.costa.co.uk%2Fbehind-the-beans%2Fcosta-book-awards%2Fbook-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACursed+soldiers" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li>Jerzy Ślaski, Żołnierze wyklęci, Warszawa, Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, 1996</li> <li>Grzegorz Wąsowski and Leszek Żebrowski, eds., Żołnierze wyklęci: Antykomunistyczne podziemie zbrojne po 1944 roku, Warszawa, Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen and Liga Republikańska, 1999</li> <li>Kazimierz Krajewski <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Et_al.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Et al.">et al.</a>, Żołnierze wyklęci: Antykomunistyczne podziemie zbrojne po 1944 r., Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen and Liga Republikańska, 2002</li> <li>Tomasz Łabuszewski, Białostocki Okręg AK- AKO : VII 1944-VIII 1945 (Warszawa: Oficzna Wydawnicza Volumen and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dom_Wydawniczy_Bellona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom Wydawniczy Bellona">Dom Wydawniczy Bellona</a>, 1997)</li> <li>Zrzeszenie “Wolność i Niezawisłość” w dokumentach, 6 vols. (Wrocław: Zarząd Główny WiN, 1997–2001)</li> <li>Zygmunt Woźniczka, Zrzeszenie “Wolność i Niezawisłość” 1945-1952 (Warszawa: Instytut Prasy i Wydawnictw “Novum” – “Semex”, 1992)</li> <li>Marek Latyński, Nie paść na kolana: Szkice o opozycji lat czterdziestych (London: Polonia Book Fund Ltd., 1985)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li>(in English) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125162454/http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_edu_exib_lupaszko.html">Short description</a> of an exhibition on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%81upaszko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Łupaszko">Łupaszko</a></li> <li>(in English) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/">The Doomed soldiers - Polish Underground Soldiers 1944-1963 - The Untold Story</a></li> <li>(in English) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.freedomandindependence.com">WiN | Freedom and Independence - Historical Brief.</a></li> <li>(in English) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nationalarmedforces.com/">NSZ | National Armed Forces - Historical Brief.</a></li> <li>(in Polish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430030610/http://wilk.wpk.p.lodz.pl/~whatfor/zw_win.htm">Broader description</a></li> <li>(in Polish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lwow.home.pl/spotkania/przeciw.html">ŻOŁNIERZE WYKLĘCI NA KRESACH POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNICH PO 1944 R.</a></li> <li>(in Polish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://podziemiezbrojne.blox.pl/html">Antykomunistyczne Podziemie Zbrojne po 1944 roku</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424021531/http://podziemiezbrojne.blox.pl/html">Archived</a> 2019-04-24 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>(in Polish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.aspektpolski.pl/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D684%26Itemid%3D30">Żołnierze wyklęci</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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