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however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>ܒܪܝ ܚܘܫܒܢܐ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A5%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%A0%DC%9A%DC%A2%DC%90&returnto=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܢܠܒܒ ܠܟ ܕܣܓܠ ܐܢܬ ܥܠܠܐ ܕܝܠܟ، ܐܠܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܝ ܐܠܨܝܐ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ܥܘܠ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܝܐ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܝܐ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_arc.wikipedia.org&uselang=arc"><span>ܕܒܘܚ ܠܢ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%9D_%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%AB%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%90&returnto=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ܒܪܝ ܚܘܫܒܢܐ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A5%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%A6%DC%A0%DC%9A%DC%A2%DC%90&returnto=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܢܠܒܒ ܠܟ ܕܣܓܠ ܐܢܬ ܥܠܠܐ ܕܝܠܟ، ܐܠܐ ܗܢܐ ܠܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܝ ܐܠܨܝܐ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ܥܘܠ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%95%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%90:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%A6%DC%98%CC%88%DC%AC%DC%9D" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%9D" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ܡܡܠܠܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ܪܬܡܐ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ܪܬܡܐ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ܪܬܡܐ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ܪܬܡܐ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ܐܨܪܐ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geurmiddel" title="Geurmiddel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geurmiddel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84" title="توابل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توابل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alli%C3%B1u" title="Alliñu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alliñu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadl%C4%B1q" title="Dadlıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dadlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Смакавыя дабаўкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Смакавыя дабаўкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Condiment" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A9u-l%C3%A2iu" title="Ciéu-lâiu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciéu-lâiu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochucovadlo" title="Ochucovadlo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ochucovadlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfwyd" title="Cyfwyd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfwyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzmittel" title="Würzmittel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Würzmittel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Καρύκευμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρύκευμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Condiment" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondimento" title="Kondimento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kondimento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condimento" title="Condimento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condimento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongailu" title="Ongailu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ongailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%8C" title="چاشنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاشنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maustekastike" title="Maustekastike – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maustekastike" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Condiment" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast%C3%A1n" title="Blastán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Blastán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condimento" title="Condimento – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condimento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%91_%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="רוטב תיבול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוטב תיבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Համային հավելումներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համային հավելումներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_penyedap" title="Bahan penyedap – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahan penyedap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondimento" title="Kondimento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kondimento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condimento" title="Condimento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Condimento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%91%B3%E6%96%99" title="調味料 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="調味料" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbu_sisih" title="Bumbu sisih – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bumbu sisih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D0%BC%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дәмқосар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дәмқосар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%AF%B8%EB%A3%8C" title="조미료 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조미료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbu" title="Bumbu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bumbu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Condiment" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A8tement_(mangier)" title="Affètement (mangier) – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Affètement (mangier)" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Condiment" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condimento" title="Condimento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condimento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Condiment" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вкусовые добавки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вкусовые добавки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Condiment" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C4%8Din_(hrana)" title="Začin (hrana) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Začin (hrana)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smaktillsats" title="Smaktillsats – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Smaktillsats" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sapacamul" title="sapacamul – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sapacamul" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA" title="เครื่องปรุงรส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องปรุงรส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fni" title="Çeşni – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çeşni" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Смакові добавки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смакові добавки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A5_gia" title="Phụ gia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phụ gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%91%B3%E6%96%99" title="调味料 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="调味料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%91%B3%E6%96%99" title="调味料 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="调味料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%99" title="作料 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="作料" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%91%B3%E6%96%99" title="調味料 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="調味料" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2596997#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">ܫܚܠܦ ܐܣܘܪ̈ܐ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ܚܩܠܬ̈ܐ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܚܘܝ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܚܒ̈ܝܫܬܐ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ܦܐܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90:%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ܡܡܠܠܐ ܥܠ ܚܒܝܫܬܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ܡܡܠܠܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90"><span>ܩܪܝ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ܫܚܠܦ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ܚܙܝ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ܡܐܢ̈ܐ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" 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href="/wiki/%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AC%CC%88%DC%90_%DC%95%CC%88%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܟܬܒܢܘܬܐ ܒܟܠ ܦܐܬܬ̈ܐ ܕ̈ܝܠܢܝܬܐ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ܦܐܬܬ̈ܐ ܕ̈ܝܠܢܝܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90&oldid=88660" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>ܐܣܘܪܐ ܦܝܘܫܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ܝܕ̈ܥܬܐ ܥܠ ܦܐܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90:CiteThisPage&page=%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90&id=88660&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ܝܕ̈ܥܬܐ ܥܠ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܡܣܗܕ ܥܠ ܦܐܬܐ"><span>ܡܣܗܕ ܥܠ ܗܕܐ ܦܐܬܐ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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