CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: maternal employment</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: maternal employment"> <meta name="keywords" content="maternal employment"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="maternal employment" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="maternal employment"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1540</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: maternal employment</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1540</span> Impact of Maternal Employment on the Overall Behavioral Development of Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hareem%20Kausar">Hareem Kausar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women of today’s world are energetic, enthusiastic and high-spirited. They tend to be the best in whatever they do and strive to accept and fulfil each challenge with utmost liveliness. The aim of the research was about studying the impact of Maternal Employment on the Child’s Behavioral Development. It was conducted as an initiative to study the impact factor in Pakistani culture and for deep insight to the subject using qualitative research methodology. The samples were interviewed through semi-structured interview method in three phases including two working mothers, two children and a day care center official and the data was collected and analyzed through content analysis. Further, it was linked with the literature from the west and the results show that children of working mothers tend to be sound mentally and physically but at some points they face the inner feeling of solitude. Overall, develop the mechanism in independence in their nature and behavior but maternal employment definitely affects the overall behavioral development of the children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment" title="maternal employment">maternal employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20behavior-%20development" title=" child behavior- development"> child behavior- development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood" title=" childhood"> childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact "> impact </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17032/impact-of-maternal-employment-on-the-overall-behavioral-development-of-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1539</span> Maternal Death Review and Contextualization of Maternal Death in West Bengal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Illias%20Kanchan">M. Illias Kanchan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The death of a woman during pregnancy and childbirth is not only a health issue, but also a matter of social injustice. This study makes an attempt to explore the association between maternal death and associated factors in West Bengal using the approaches of facility-based and community-based maternal death review. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis have been performed to understand the causes and circumstances of maternal deaths in West Bengal. Delay in seeking care was the major contributor in maternal deaths, near about one-third women died due to this factor. The most common cause of maternal death is found to be hypertensive disorders of pregnancy or eclampsia. We believe that these deaths can be averted by reducing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy or eclampsia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20death" title="maternal death">maternal death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility-based" title=" facility-based"> facility-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based" title=" community-based"> community-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=west%20Bengal" title=" west Bengal"> west Bengal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eclampsia" title=" eclampsia"> eclampsia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20148/maternal-death-review-and-contextualization-of-maternal-death-in-west-bengal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1538</span> Employment Discrimination on Civil Servant Recruitment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lei">Li Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Jidong"> Jia Jidong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Employment right is linked to the people’s livelihood in our society. As a most important and representative part in the labor market, the employment of public servants is always taking much attention. But the discrimination in the employment of public servants has always existed and, to become a controversy in our society. The paper try to discuss this problem from four parts as follows: First, the employment of public servants has a representative status in our labor market. The second part is about the discrimination in the employment of public servants. The third part is about the right of equality and its significance. The last part is to analysis the legal predicament about discrimination in the employment of public servants in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title="discrimination">discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20of%20public%20servants" title=" employment of public servants"> employment of public servants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20of%20labor" title=" right of labor"> right of labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8330/employment-discrimination-on-civil-servant-recruitment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1537</span> Exploring the Influence of Maternal Self-Discrepancy on Psychological Well-Being: A Study of Middle-Aged Japanese Mothers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chooi%20Fong%20Lee">Chooi Fong Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal psychological well-being has been investigated from various aspects, such as social support, employment status. However, a perspective from self-discrepancy theory has not been employed. Moreover, most were focused on young mothers. Less is understanding the middle-aged mother’s psychological well-being. This research examined the influence of maternal self-discrepancy between actual and ideal self on maternal role achievement, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and subjective well-being among Japanese middle-aged mothers across their employment status. A pilot study with 20 Japanese mother participants (aged 40-55, 9 regular-employed, 8 non-regular-employed, and 3 homemakers) was conducted to assess the viability of survey questionnaires (Maternal Role Achievement Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Subjective Well-being Scale, and Self-report questionnaire). The self-report questionnaire prompted participants to list up to 3 ideal selves they aspired to be and rate the extent to which their actual selves deviated from their ideal selves on a 7-point scale (1= not at all; 4 = medium; 7 = extremely). Self-discrepancy scores were calculated by subtracting participants’ degree ratings from a 7-point scale, summing them up, and then dividing the total by 3. The final sample consisted of 241 participants, 97 regular-employed, 87 non-regular employed, and 57 homemaker mothers. We ensured participants were randomly selected to mitigate bias. The results show that regular-employed mothers tend to exhibit lower self-discrepancy scores compared to non-regular employed and homemaker mothers. Moreover, the discrepancy between actual and ideal self negatively correlated with maternal role achievement, state anxiety, and subjective well-being, while positively correlated with trait anxiety. Trait anxiety arises when one feels they did not meet their ideal self, as evidenced by higher levels in homemaker mothers, who experience lower state anxiety. Conversely, regular-employed mothers exhibit higher state anxiety but lower trait anxiety, suggesting satisfaction in their professional pursuits despite balancing work and family responsibilities. Full-time maternal roles contribute to lower state anxiety but higher trait anxiety among homemaker mothers due to a lack of personal identity achievement. Non-regular employed mothers show similarities to homemaker mothers. In self-reports, regular-employed mothers highlight support and devotion to their children’s development, while non-regular-employed mothers seek life fulfillment through part-time work alongside child-rearing duties. Homemaker mothers emphasize qualities like sociability, and communication skills, potentially influencing their self-discrepancy scores. Furthermore, the hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the discrepancy between actual and ideal self significantly predicts subjective well-being. In conclusion, the findings offer valuable insights into the impact of maternal self-discrepancy on psychological well-being among middle-aged Japanese mothers across different employment statuses. Understanding these dynamics becomes crucial as contemporary women increasingly pursue higher education and depart from traditional motherhood norms. Working toward one ideal self might contribute to a mother psychological well-being. Acknowledgment: This project was made possible with funding support from the Japan ICU Foundation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment" title="maternal employment">maternal employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20role" title=" maternal role"> maternal role</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-discrepancy" title=" self-discrepancy"> self-discrepancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-trait%20anxiety" title=" state-trait anxiety"> state-trait anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20well-being" title=" subjective well-being"> subjective well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185189/exploring-the-influence-of-maternal-self-discrepancy-on-psychological-well-being-a-study-of-middle-aged-japanese-mothers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1536</span> Analysis of Trends in Equity of Maternal Health Care in South India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anushree%20S.%20Panikkassery">Anushree S. Panikkassery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper analyses the pattern and trend of maternal health care in south Indian states. It studies the interstate disparities in terms of maternal health care. It also compares the trends in terms of achieving the target of sustainable development Goal is related to maternal health. The maternal health care (MHC) development is one of the key indicators for the development of health sector in the country and assumes significance from the socioeconomic and developmental perspectives. Maternal health care mainly consists of composite care during pregnancy, child birth as well as postpartum period. Antenatal care, identification, referral and management of high risk pregnancies, safe and healthy child birth and early postnatal care are some of the important issues pertaining to maternal health. Data is collected from national family health survey 1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06, and 2015-16. A concentration index is used to study the disparities in equity of maternal health among south Indian states. The study shows that there has been an improvement in maternal health care in south Indian states with Kerala topping among the states. But there exist disparities among the south Indian states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20care" title="antenatal care">antenatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disparities" title=" disparities"> disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80341/analysis-of-trends-in-equity-of-maternal-health-care-in-south-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1535</span> A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Maternal Food Insecurity in Urban Settings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theresia%20F.%20Mrema">Theresia F. Mrema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Innocent%20Semali"> Innocent Semali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food insecurity to pregnant women seriously impedes efforts to reduce maternal mortality in resource poor countries. This study was carried out to assess determinants food insecurity among pregnant women in urban areas. A cross sectional study design was used to collect data for the period of two weeks. A structured questionnaire with both closed and open ended questions was used to interview a total of 225 randomly selected pregnant women who attend the three randomly selected antenatal care clinics in Temeke Municipal council. The food insecurity was measured using a modified version of the USDA’s core food security module which consists of 15questions. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain strength of association between dependent and independent variables. Among 225 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) interviewed 55.1% were food insecure. Food insecurity declined with increasing household wealth, it was also significantly low among those with less than three children compared with having more. Low level of food insecurity was associated with having Secondary education (Adjusted OR=0.24; 95%CI, 0.12–0.48), College Education (OR=0.156; 95%CI, 0.05-0.46), paid employment (OR=0.322; 95%CI, 0.11-0.96) and high income (OR=0.031; 95%CI, 0.01–0.07). Also, having head of the household with secondary education (OR=0.51; 95%CI, 0.07-0.32) college education (OR=0.04; 95%CI, 0.01-0.13) and paid employment (OR=0.225; 95%CI, 0.12-0.42). Food insecurity is a significant problem among pregnant women in Temeke Municipal which might significantly affect health of the pregnant woman and foetus due to higher maternal malnutrition which increases risk of miscarriage, maternal and infant mortality, and poor pregnancy outcomes. The study suggests a multi-sectoral approach in order to address this problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title="food security">food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnant%20women" title=" pregnant women"> pregnant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20settings" title=" urban settings"> urban settings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16302/a-cross-sectional-assessment-of-maternal-food-insecurity-in-urban-settings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1534</span> Maternal-Fetal Bonding for African American Mothers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracey%20Estriplet-Adams">Tracey Estriplet-Adams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the influence of maternal-fetal bonding by examining attachment theory, psycho-social-cultural influences/adaptations, and maternal well-being. A systematic review methodology was used to synthesize research results to summarize current evidence that can contribute to evidence-based practices. It explores the relationship between attachment styles, prenatal attachment, and perceptions of maternal-infant bonding/attachment six weeks postpartum. It also examines the protective factors of maternal-fetal attachment development. The research explores Bowlby's attachment theory and its relevance to maternal-fetal bonding with a Black Feminist Theory lens. Additionally, it discusses the impact of perceived stress, social support, and ecological models on maternal-fetal attachment. The relationship between maternal well-being, maternal-fetal attachment, and early postpartum bonding is reviewed. Moreover, the paper specifically addresses black mothers and maternal-fetal bonding, exploring the intersectionality of race, ethnicity, class, geographic location, cultural identities, and immigration status. It considers the role of familial and partner support, as well as the relationship between maternal attachment style and maternal-fetal bonding, within the framework of attachment theory and black feminist theory. Therefore, it is imperative to center Black women's voices in research, policy, and healthcare practices. Black women are experts in their own experiences and advocate for their autonomy in decision-making regarding maternal-fetal health. By amplifying their voices, we can ensure that interventions are grounded in their lived experiences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal-fetal%20bonding" title="maternal-fetal bonding">maternal-fetal bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infant%20well-being" title=" infant well-being"> infant well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal-infant%20attachment" title=" maternal-infant attachment"> maternal-infant attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20mothers" title=" black mothers"> black mothers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172819/maternal-fetal-bonding-for-african-american-mothers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1533</span> Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Influencing Male Antenatal Care Participation in Zimbabwe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucia%20Mavudzi">Lucia Mavudzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Socioeconomic and demographic factors influence male attendance of antenatal care (ANC) activities which are beneficial in improving maternal health and birth outcome. When a male, as the head of the family is expected to solely make decisions of how finances are managed, when and where health services are sought, it impacts on the woman’s health seeking behavior. Using the data from the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2010-2011 this paper seeks to assess the prevalence of male ANC attendance in Zimbabwe and factors that influence male ANC attendance. We hypothesized that socioeconomic and demographic factors do not influence male ANC attendance. To achieve the objectives of this paper, descriptive analysis was used to describe the characteristics of men and the Binomial logistic modelling was used to assess the relationship between male ANC attendance and selected socioeconomic and demographic factors. Male ANC attendance was used as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are age, marital status, place of residence, wealth, education, religion and employment. A high percentage of males did not attend ANC with their pregnant partners. Religion, education, and place of residence were found to be significantly associated with male ANC attendance. There was no evidence to show that there was a difference in male ANC attendance by employment, marital status, and age. Findings from this paper are relevant to public health. They will be used to develop strategies and intervention programs to improve pregnant women’s attendance of ANC attendance by involving men in maternal health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20care" title="antenatal care">antenatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male%20participation" title=" male participation"> male participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20and%20demographic%20factors" title=" socio-economic and demographic factors"> socio-economic and demographic factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65784/socioeconomic-and-demographic-factors-influencing-male-antenatal-care-participation-in-zimbabwe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1532</span> The Negative Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Maternal and Child Health, Considering Maternal Experiences of Abuse and Neglect in Childhood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franziska%20K%C3%B6hler-Dauner">Franziska Köhler-Dauner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inka%20Mayer"> Inka Mayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lara%20Hart"> Lara Hart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ute%20Ziegenhain"> Ute Ziegenhain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%B6rg%20M.%20Fegert"> Jörg M. Fegert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preventive isolation and social distancing strategies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have confronted families with a variety of different restrictions and stresses. Especially during this stressful time, children need a stable parental home to avoid developmental disorders. Additional risk factors such as maternal childhood abuse and neglect (CM) experiences may influence mothers' psychosomatic health (pG) and children's physical well-being (kW) during times of increased stress. Our aim was to analyse the interaction between maternal CM, maternal pG and children's kW during the pandemic. Mothers from a well-documented birth cohort to study transgenerational transmission of CM, were included in an online 'pandemic' survey assessing maternal pG and children's physical health during the pandemic. Our mediation analysis showed a significant positive association between the extent of maternal CM experiences, mothers' psychosomatic symptoms and their children's kW. Maternal psychosomatic symptoms significantly mediate the interaction between CM and children's kW; the direct effect remains non-significant when maternal psychosomatic symptoms are included as mediators. Maternal CM appears to be a relevant risk factor for maternal pG and children's kW during the pandemic. Maternal CM experiences seem to influence the way parents cope with stressful situations and increase the risk of suffering from depressive symptoms. The latter also affect their children's kW. Our findings underline the importance of carefully assessing the specific situation of families with children and offering individually adapted help to help families survive the pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title="pandemic">pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20health" title=" child health"> child health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abuse" title=" abuse"> abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neglect" title=" neglect"> neglect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20experiences" title=" maternal experiences"> maternal experiences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153921/the-negative-impact-of-the-sars-cov-2-pandemic-on-maternal-and-child-health-considering-maternal-experiences-of-abuse-and-neglect-in-childhood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1531</span> Precarious Employment Experience; Developing a Precariousness Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gul%20Selin%20Erben">Gul Selin Erben</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Precariousness can be evaluated as the new employment climate of the neo-liberal employment markets. As the word refers to a new mode of employment experience and working practices, it was felt as a necessity to reveal the basic characteristics of this kind of employment experience. Furthermore, according to the literature, precarious employment practices have some negative outcomes such as alienation, sense of anger, and anomy. Thus, it has quite significant to reveal the conditions' characteristics and practices of precarious employment. This study has the purpose to develop an instrument which measures the precarious employment practices. In order to develop a precariousness scale, the relevant literature was examined, and 30 statements were established as a result of the literature review. The development and validation of the scale were done by a sample of 123 individuals who work in different sectors in İstanbul as a white color employee. Convenience sampling was used as a sampling methodology. Reliability and factor analysis were conducted. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, 3 dimensions were gathered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title="employment">employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20experience" title=" employment experience"> employment experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precariousness" title=" precariousness"> precariousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20development" title=" scale development "> scale development </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93173/precarious-employment-experience-developing-a-precariousness-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1530</span> Risk Factors for Maternal and Neonatal Morbidities Associated with Operative Vaginal Deliveries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Reichenber%20Arcilla">Maria Reichenber Arcilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To determine the risk factors for maternal and neonatal complications associated with operative vaginal deliveries. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 435 patients who underwent operative vaginal deliveries was done. Patient profiles – age, parity, AOG, duration of labor – and outcomes – birthweight, maternal and neonatal complications - were tabulated and multivariable analysis and logistic regression were performed using SPSS® Statistics Base. Results and Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the incidence of maternal and neonatal complications between those that underwent vacuum and forceps extraction. Among the variables analysed, parity and duration of labor reached statistical significance. The odds of maternal complications were 3 times higher among nulliparous patients. Neonatal complications were seen in those whose labor lasted more than 9 hours. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operative%20vaginal%20deliveries" title="operative vaginal deliveries">operative vaginal deliveries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal" title=" maternal"> maternal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonatal" title=" neonatal"> neonatal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morbidity" title=" morbidity"> morbidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11843/risk-factors-for-maternal-and-neonatal-morbidities-associated-with-operative-vaginal-deliveries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1529</span> Maternal Health Outcome and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Panel Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okwan%20Frank">Okwan Frank</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal health outcome is one of the major population development challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. The region has the highest maternal mortality ratio, despite the progressive economic growth in the region during the global economic crisis. It has been hypothesized that increase in economic growth will reduce the level of maternal mortality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the existence of the negative relationship between health outcome proxy by maternal mortality ratio and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study used the Pooled Mean Group estimator of ARDL Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the Kao test for cointegration to examine the short-run and long-run relationship between maternal mortality and economic growth. The results of the cointegration test showed the existence of a long-run relationship between the variables considered for the study. The long-run result of the Pooled Mean group estimates confirmed the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between maternal health outcome proxy by maternal mortality ratio and economic growth proxy by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Thus increasing economic growth by investing in the health care systems to reduce pregnancy and childbirth complications will help reduce maternal mortality in the sub-region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20mortality" title=" maternal mortality"> maternal mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20mean%20group" title=" pool mean group"> pool mean group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub-Saharan Africa"> Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127412/maternal-health-outcome-and-economic-growth-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-dynamic-panel-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1528</span> The Effects of Early Maternal Separation on Risky Choice in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osvaldo%20Collazo">Osvaldo Collazo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiano%20Valerio%20Dos%20Santos"> Cristiano Valerio Dos Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early maternal separation has been shown to bring about many negative effects on behavior in rats. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of early maternal separation on risky choice in rats. One group of male and female Wistar rats was exposed to an early maternal separation protocol while a control group was left undisturbed. Then both groups were exposed to a series of behavioral tests, including a test of risky choice, where one alternative offered a constant reward while the other offered a variable reward. There was a difference between groups when they chose between a variable and a constant reward delay, but no other difference was significant. These results suggest that early maternal separation may be related to a greater preference for shorter delays, which is characteristic of more impulsive choices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20maternal%20separation" title="early maternal separation">early maternal separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impulsivity" title=" impulsivity"> impulsivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risky%20choice" title=" risky choice"> risky choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variability" title=" variability"> variability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104561/the-effects-of-early-maternal-separation-on-risky-choice-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1527</span> The Accuracy of Small Firms at Predicting Their Employment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Nosratabadi">Javad Nosratabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the difference between firms' actual and expected employment along with the amount of loans invested by them. In addition, it examines the relationship between the amount of loans received by firms and wages. Empirically, using a causal effect estimation and firm-level data from a province in Iran between 2004 and 2011, the results show that there is a range of the loan amount for which firms' expected employment meets their actual one. In contrast, there is a gap between firms' actual and expected employment for any other loan amount. Furthermore, the result shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the amount of loan invested by firms and wages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expected%20employment" title="expected employment">expected employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actual%20employment" title=" actual employment"> actual employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage" title=" wage"> wage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan" title=" loan"> loan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148519/the-accuracy-of-small-firms-at-predicting-their-employment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1526</span> The Epidemiology of Hospital Maternal Deaths, Haiti 2017-2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berger%20Saintius">Berger Saintius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edna%20Ariste"> Edna Ariste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djeamsly%20Salomon"> Djeamsly Salomon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Maternal mortality is a preventable global health problem that affects developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries alike. Globally, maternal mortality rates have declined since 1990, but 830 women die every day from pregnancy and childbirth-related causes that are often preventable. Haiti, with a number of 529 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, is one of the countries with the highest maternal mortality rate in the Caribbean. This study consists of analyzing maternal death surveillance data in Haiti from 2017-2020. Method : A descriptive study was conducted; data were extracted from the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network of maternal deaths from 2017 to 2020. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed. Excel and Epi Info 7.2 were used for data analysis. Frequency and proportion measurements were calculated. Results: 756 deaths were recorded for the study period: 42 (6%) in 2017, 168 (22%) in 2018, 265 (35%) in 2019, and 281 (37%) in 2020. The North Department recorded the highest number of deaths, 167 (22%). 83(11%) in Les Cayes. 96% of these deaths are people aged between 15 and 49. Conclusion. Maternal mortality is a major health problem in Haiti. Mobilization, participation, and involvement of communities, increase in obstetric care coverage and promotion of Family Planning are among the strategies to fight this problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title="epidemiology">epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20death" title=" maternal death"> maternal death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title=" hospital"> hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiti" title=" Haiti"> Haiti</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159959/the-epidemiology-of-hospital-maternal-deaths-haiti-2017-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1525</span> Relationship and Associated Factors of Breastfeeding Self-efficacy among Postpartum Couples in Malawi: A Cross-sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roselyn%20Chipojola">Roselyn Chipojola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-yu%20Kuo"> Shu-yu Kuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy in both mothers and fathers play a crucial role in improving exclusive breastfeeding rates. However, less is known on the relationship and predictors of paternal and maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study aimed to examine the relationship and associated factors of breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) among mothers and fathers in Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 pairs of postpartum mothers and fathers at a tertiary maternity facility in central Malawi. BSE was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short-Form. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and health variables. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression. Results: A higher score of self-efficacy was found in mothers (mean=55.7, Standard Deviation (SD) =6.5) compared to fathers (mean=50.2, SD=11.9). A significant association between paternal and maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy was found (r= 0. 32). Age, employment status, mode of birth was significantly related to maternal and paternal BSE, respectively. Older age and caesarean section delivery were significant factors of combined BSE scores in couples. A higher BSE score in either the mother or her partner predicted higher exclusive breastfeeding rates. BSE scores were lower when couples’ depressive symptoms were high. Conclusion: BSE are highly correlated between Malawian mothers and fathers, with a relatively higher score in maternal BSE. Importantly, a high BSE in couples predicted higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding, which highlights the need to include both mothers and fathers in future breastfeeding promotion strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternal" title="paternal">paternal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal" title=" maternal"> maternal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exclusive%20breastfeeding" title=" exclusive breastfeeding"> exclusive breastfeeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breastfeeding%20self%E2%80%91efficacy" title=" breastfeeding self‑efficacy"> breastfeeding self‑efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malawi" title=" malawi"> malawi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175180/relationship-and-associated-factors-of-breastfeeding-self-efficacy-among-postpartum-couples-in-malawi-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1524</span> A Comparative Study of Maternal Health among Urban Slums and Non-Slums Women (Special Reference to Indore City, Madhya Pradesh, India)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiksha%20Thakur">Shiksha Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashmi%20Jain"> Rashmi Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal health is the most crucial element in the primary health care delivery system of any healthy society. We aware that the maternal health situation in India has been a cause of concern for us, in spite of the rapidly progressing socio-economic environment overall. India has realized impressive gains in Mother & Child survival over the last two decades. MMR as per 2012-2013 in India is 167 as per MMR bulletin, though there are variations between states in the Country. In 2013, an estimated 2,89,000 women worldwide died from complications arising from pregnancy & childbirth. In view of the above facts, a study was conducted in Indore to analyse the maternal health status among urban slums and non-slums women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20care" title="antenatal care">antenatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postnatal%20care" title=" postnatal care"> postnatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JSY" title=" JSY"> JSY</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20health" title=" child health"> child health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20health" title=" reproductive health"> reproductive health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156963/a-comparative-study-of-maternal-health-among-urban-slums-and-non-slums-women-special-reference-to-indore-city-madhya-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1523</span> Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Preschool Children’s Behavioural Problems: Mediation via Adult Attachment and Moderation by Maternal Mental Health, Social Support, and Child Sex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Kurbatfinski">Stefan Kurbatfinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyah%20Dosani"> Aliyah Dosani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20F.%20Hayes"> Andrew F. Hayes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deborah%20Dewey"> Deborah Dewey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Letourneau"> Nicole Letourneau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in preschool children. However, little is known about the influence of maternal adult attachment patterns on this association. Further, potential moderation by maternal mental health, maternal social support, or child sex is poorly understood. Therefore, this study examined associations between 1) maternal ACEs and preschool children’s behavioural problems, with mediation through maternal attachment patterns and moderation by maternal mental health, maternal social support, and child sex; and 2) maternal attachment patterns and children’s behavioural problems, with mediation through maternal mental health and social support and moderation by child sex. Methods: This secondary analysis used data (n=625) from a high socioeconomic, longitudinally prospective cohort (Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition). Child behaviour (BASC-2) and maternal adult attachment (ECR-Q) were measured at five years of child age, maternal ACEs (ACEs Questionnaire) at around 12 months, and maternal mental health (CESD and SCL-90-R) and social support (SSQ) across various prenatal and postnatal time points. All moderation and mediation analyses occurred through RStudio using PROCESS, interpreting significant interactions through Johnson-Neyman plots. Findings: Maternal ACEs interacted with maternal anxiety symptoms to predict both behavioural problems (pexternalizing=0.007; pinternalizing=0.0159). An indirect pathway via dismissive attachment was moderated by maternal social support ([0.0058, 0.0596]). Attachment patterns predicted all behavioural problems (p<0.05) and interacted with maternal anxiety symptoms to predict internalizing behaviours among male children ([0.0321, 0.1307]; [0.0321, 0.1291]). Interpretation: Maternal attachment patterns may predict children’s behavioural problems more than ACEs. Social support interventions may not always be beneficial for highly dismissively attached mothers. Implications for policy and child health include mandatory sex and gender education for teachers; assessing attachment patterns prior to recommending social support as an intervention; and anxiety-focused interventions for mothers in higher socioeconomic populations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20adverse%20childhood%20experiences" title="maternal adverse childhood experiences">maternal adverse childhood experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internalizing%20behaviours" title=" internalizing behaviours"> internalizing behaviours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=externalizing%20behaviours" title=" externalizing behaviours"> externalizing behaviours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediators%20and%20moderators" title=" mediators and moderators"> mediators and moderators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment%20patterns" title=" attachment patterns"> attachment patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20health" title=" child health"> child health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168991/maternal-adverse-childhood-experiences-and-preschool-childrens-behavioural-problems-mediation-via-adult-attachment-and-moderation-by-maternal-mental-health-social-support-and-child-sex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1522</span> Patterns of Associations between Child Maltreatment, Maternal Childhood Adversity, and Maternal Mental Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tirana, Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klea%20Ramaj">Klea Ramaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: There have recently been increasing calls to better understand the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). In particular, little is known about the links between maternal (ACEs), maternal stress, maternal depression, and child abuse against toddlers in countries in South-East Europe. This paper, therefore, aims to present new descriptive data on the epidemiology of maternal mental well-being and maternal ACEs in the capital of Albania, Tirana. It also aims to advance our understanding of the overlap between maternal stress, maternal depression, maternal exposure to ACEs, and child abuse toward two-to-three-year-old. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 328 mothers of two-to-three-year-olds, recruited through public nurseries located in 8 diverse socio-economic and geographical areas in Tirana, Albania. Maternal stress was measured through the perceived stress scale (α = 0.78); maternal depression was measured via the patient health questionnaire (α = 0.77); maternal exposure to ACEs was captured via the ACEs international questionnaire (α = 0.77); and child maltreatment was captured via ISPCAN ICAST-P (α = 0.66). The main outcome examined here will be child maltreatment. The paper will first present estimates of maternal stress, depression, and child maltreatment by demographic groups. It will then use multiple regression to examine associations between child maltreatment and risk factors in the domains of maternal stress, maternal depression, and maternal ACEs. Results: Mothers' mean age was 32.3 (SD = 4.24), 87.5% were married, 51% had one child, and 83.5% had completed higher education. Analyses show high levels of stress and exposure to childhood adversity among mothers in Tirana. 97.5% of mothers perceived stress during the last month, and 89% had experienced at least one childhood adversity as measured by the ACE questionnaire, with 20.2% having experienced 4+ ACEs. Analyses show significant positive associations between maternal ACEs and maternal stress r(325) = 0.25, p = 0.00. Mothers with a high number of ACEs were more likely to abuse their children r(327) = .43, p = 0.00. 32% of mothers have used physical discipline with their 2–3-year-old, 84% have used psychological discipline, and 35% have neglected their toddler at least once or twice. The mothers’ depression levels were also positively and significantly associated with child maltreatment r(327) = .34, p = 0.00. Conclusions: This study provides cross-sectional data on the link between maternal exposure to early adversity, maternal mental well-being, and child maltreatment within the context of Tirana, Albania. The results highlight the importance of establishing policies that encourage maternal support, positive parenting, and family well-being in order to help break the cycle of transgenerational violence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20maltreatment" title="child maltreatment">child maltreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20mental%20well-being" title=" maternal mental well-being"> maternal mental well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intergenerational%20abuse" title=" intergenerational abuse"> intergenerational abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tirana" title=" Tirana"> Tirana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albania" title=" Albania"> Albania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152689/patterns-of-associations-between-child-maltreatment-maternal-childhood-adversity-and-maternal-mental-well-being-a-cross-sectional-study-in-tirana-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1521</span> Anemia Maternal in Pregnancy as a Risk Factor of Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlena%20Hayati">Herlena Hayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diyan%20Reni%20%20Jayathi"> Diyan Reni Jayathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hairida%20Anggun"> Hairida Anggun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citra%20Amelia"> Citra Amelia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This systematic review research is aimed to find out anemia maternal during pregnancy as a risk factor of low birth weight. This research was done by searching some journals which have associated to maternal anemia during pregnancy with low birth weight that had been published in journal accreditation and scopus index. Study literature that researcher had been done by March – April 2016 through online library of UI. The journals that had been selected according to inclusive criteria and exclusive criteria had been through the critial appraisal process. This systematic review towards 4 journals that had been selected and published showed the significant result statistically that anemia maternal is one of the risk factors which causes low birth weight. Anemia maternal on the first-trimester pregnancy showed significant association with low birth weight. Moderate anemia and severe anemia also showed significant association with low birth weight. Meanwhile, mild anemia doesn’t have an association with low birth weight. The conclusion of this study is anemia maternal (as an independent risk factor) have an influence towards low birth weight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anemia%20maternal" title="anemia maternal">anemia maternal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20birth%20weight" title=" low birth weight"> low birth weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58925/anemia-maternal-in-pregnancy-as-a-risk-factor-of-low-birth-weight-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1520</span> An Assessment of the Impact of Safe Motherhood Initiative on Maternal Health of Women in Gumel Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mudi">Ahmed Mudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bala%20Zakar"> Bala Zakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper assesses the impact of safe motherhood initiative on maternal health of women in Gumel Local Government Area of Jigawa State. The work will specifically concentrate on the background on safe motherhood scheme and maternal health of women. The objective of this paper is to assess the level of safe motherhood scheme in Gumel local government area, to find out the level of maternal health in Gumel local government as well as to determine the impact of safe motherhood scheme on maternal health on women in Gumel Local Government Area Jigawa State. Various literature on the topic are reviewed, the paper adopts survey design and use questionnaire to collect data from the respondent. The study comprises 350 women selected from six rural communities in Gumel using random sampling techniques, and the data was analysed by simple frequency and percentage. The research concluded that safe motherhood initiative has a significant impact on the maternal health of women in Gumel Local Government Area of Jigawa State. Finally, suitable recommendations were given on how to improve the scheme to ensure better maternal health in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action" title="action">action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20motherhood" title=" safe motherhood"> safe motherhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73201/an-assessment-of-the-impact-of-safe-motherhood-initiative-on-maternal-health-of-women-in-gumel-local-government-area-of-jigawa-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1519</span> Physical Activity Interventions and Maternal Health Outcomes in Nigeria: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamilu%20Lawal%20Ajiya">Jamilu Lawal Ajiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Physical activity is essential for improving maternal health outcomes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. Objective: The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on maternal health outcomes among Nigerian pregnant women. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in Nigeria, published in English, and focusing on physical activity and maternal health outcomes. Results: Ten RCTs (N=1,200) were included. Physical activity interventions significantly reduced the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension and preterm birth. Also, the study found that brisk walking and aerobic exercise were more effective than yoga. Conclusion: Physical activity interventions improve maternal health outcomes among Nigerian pregnant women. Policy changes and public health programs should prioritize physical activity promotion during pregnancy. This study informs healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers on the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in improving maternal health outcomes in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title="physical activity">physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=randomized%20controlled%20trials" title=" randomized controlled trials"> randomized controlled trials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192243/physical-activity-interventions-and-maternal-health-outcomes-in-nigeria-a-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1518</span> Is Swaziland on Track with the 2015 Millennium Development Goals?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sathiya%20Susuman">A. Sathiya Susuman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The importance of maternal and child healthcare services cannot be stressed enough. These services are very important for the health and health outcomes of the mother and that of the child and in ensuring that both maternal and child deaths are prevented. The objective of the study is to inspire good quality maternal and child health care services in Swaziland. Specifically, is Swaziland on track with the 2015 Millennium Development Goals? Methods: The study used secondary data from the Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07. This is an explorative and descriptive study which used pre-selected variables to study factors influencing the use of maternal and child healthcare services in Swaziland. Different types of examinations, such as univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analysis were adopted. Results: The study findings showed a high use rate of antenatal care (97.3%) and delivery care (74.0%), and a low rate of postnatal care use (20.5%). The uptake childhood immunization is also high in the country, averaging more than 80.0%. Moreover, certain factors which were found to be influencing the use of maternal healthcare and childhood immunization include: woman’s age, parity, media exposure, maternal education, wealth status, and residence. The findings also revealed that these factors affect the use of maternal and child health differently. Conclusion: It is important to study factors related to maternal and child health uptake to inform relevant stakeholders about possible areas of improvement. Programs to educate families about the importance of maternal and child healthcare services should be implemented. Swaziland needs to work hard on child survival and maternal health care services, no doubt it is on track with the MDG 4 & 5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20healthcare" title="maternal healthcare">maternal healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20care" title=" antenatal care"> antenatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delivery%20care" title=" delivery care"> delivery care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postnatal%20care" title=" postnatal care"> postnatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20health" title=" child health"> child health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunization" title=" immunization"> immunization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20and%20demographic%20factors" title=" socio-economic and demographic factors"> socio-economic and demographic factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25348/is-swaziland-on-track-with-the-2015-millennium-development-goals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1517</span> The Effect of Skin to Skin Contact Immediately to Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy after Cesarean Section</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Triana">D. Triana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20N.%20Rachmawati"> I. N. Rachmawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sabri"> L. Sabri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy is positively associated with increased duration of breastfeeding in different cultures and age groups. This study aims to determine the effect of skin-to-skin contact immediately after the cesarean section on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. The research design is Posttest quasi-experimental research design only with control groups involving 52 women with consecutive sampling in Langsa-Aceh. The data collected through breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. The results of Independent t-test showed a significant difference in the mean values of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy in the intervention group and the control group (59.00 ± 6.54; 49.62 ± 7.78; p= 0.001). Skin to skin contact is proven to affect the maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy after cesarean section significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breastfeeding%20self-efficacy" title="breastfeeding self-efficacy">breastfeeding self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesarean%20section" title=" cesarean section"> cesarean section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20to%20skin%20contact" title=" skin to skin contact"> skin to skin contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immediately" title=" immediately"> immediately</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32533/the-effect-of-skin-to-skin-contact-immediately-to-maternal-breastfeeding-self-efficacy-after-cesarean-section" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1516</span> Employment Problems of Graduands Graduated Form Vocational High Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Refik%20Uyan%C3%B6z">Refik Uyanöz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadife%20G%C3%BCng%C3%B6r"> Sadife Güngör</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevilay%20Konya"> Sevilay Konya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to show the employing ability of vocational students. And also, the employment problems of these students are emphasized in this study.The rapid development in technology and information and increased qualified labor is widely affects labor market. On the other hand, labor market will look for educated, qualified, talented and young people. Because of this reason, qualified staff should be educated at vocational high schools. Vocational high schools are one of the best institutions to educate qualified staff. In this research, the conditions of vocational high schools are studied. The difference between the employment policies and current employment problems are researched. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20high%20school" title="vocational high school">vocational high school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20problems" title=" employment problems"> employment problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20students" title=" vocational students"> vocational students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22119/employment-problems-of-graduands-graduated-form-vocational-high-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1515</span> The Development of Supported Employment in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chu%20Shi%20Wei">Chu Shi Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supported employment in Malaysia is in the early stages of development. The development of supported employment in Malaysia is an important step towards the inclusion of individuals with disabilities who have previously lacked the necessary support for employment in the open labour market as they were confined to sheltered workshops. There is a paradigm shift from sheltered to supported employment as the sheltered workshop is based on the medical model of disability, which focuses on the disability of the individual and segregated training institutions. The paradigm shift revolves around the social model of disability, which emphasizes the abilities of the individual and the removal of the barriers in the environment by the provision of support. This study explores the development of supported employment by utilizing a mixed methods approach which consists of collecting quantitative data through a survey and interviewing participants to collect qualitative data. Job coaches from six employment sectors participated in the survey and interview. The findings of the study indicate that the role of job coaches is integral to the development of supported employment. The role of job coaches includes job matching, on-the-job training, and developing natural supports to foster greater diversity and inclusion in the workplace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supported%20employment" title="supported employment">supported employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disabilities" title=" disabilities"> disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170644/the-development-of-supported-employment-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1514</span> Maternal Review: Challenges Experienced by Midwives in Malawi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mercy%20D.%20Chirwa">Mercy D. Chirwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliet%20Nyasulu"> Juliet Nyasulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lebisti%20Modiba"> Lebisti Modiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makombo%20Ganga-Limando"> Makombo Ganga-Limando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal death review is an initiative that provides a deeper understanding of the causes and circumstances sorounding of maternal deaths in Malawi and globally. Midwives are frontline members of the healthcare team and have stories about what pregnant women go through as such they are better placed to contribute to these reviews. Despite midwives’ participation as members of the facility-based maternal death review team, maternal deaths continues to occur. A lot has been documented around processes involved in maternal review, however, not much has been written around challenges experienced by midwives in maternal death review. This study explored the challenges faced by midwives in the implementation of maternal death reviews in the context of the healthcare system in Malawi. Methodology: This was a qualitative exploratory study design. Focus group discussions and individual face-to-face interviews were used to collect data in the study. A total of 40 midwives, who met the inclusion criteria, participated in the study. Data was analysed manually using a thematic content procedure. Findings: The four major challenges identified were: knowledge and skill gaps; lack of leadership and accountability; lack of institutional political will and inconsistency in conducting FBMDR, impeding midwives’ effective contribution to the implementation of maternal death review. The practical solutions and recommendations that emerged were: need-based knowledge and skills updates, supportive leadership, effective and efficient interdisciplinary work ethics, and sustained availability of material and human resources. Conclusion: Midwives have the highest potential to contribute to the reduction of maternal deaths. Practice development strategies are required to improve their practice in all the areas they are challenged with. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility-based%20maternal%20death%20review" title="facility-based maternal death review">facility-based maternal death review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20deaths" title=" maternal deaths"> maternal deaths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=midwife" title=" midwife"> midwife</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=midwife%20challenges" title=" midwife challenges"> midwife challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172024/maternal-review-challenges-experienced-by-midwives-in-malawi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1513</span> The Labor Participation-Fertility Trade-Off: Exploring Fecundity and Its Consequences to Women's Employment in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariane%20C.%20Lim">Ariane C. Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daphne%20Ashley%20L.%20Sze"> Daphne Ashley L. Sze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20S.%20Santos"> Kenneth S. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As women are now given more freedom and choice to pursue employment, the world’s over-all fertility has been decreasing mainly due to the shift in time allocation between working and child-rearing. As such, we study the case of the Philippines, where there exists a decreasing fertility rate and increasing openness for women labor participation. We focused on the distinction between fertility and fecundity, the former being the manifestation of the latter and aim to trace and compare the effects of both fecundity and fertility to women’s employment status through the estimation of the reproduction function and multinomial logistic function. Findings suggest that the perception of women regarding employment opportunities in the Philippines links the negative relationship observed between fertility, fecundity and women’s employment status. Today, there has been a convergence in the traditional family roles of men and women, as both genders now have identical employment opportunities that continue to shape their preferences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinomial%20logistic%20function" title="multinomial logistic function">multinomial logistic function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobit" title=" tobit"> tobit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20employment%20status" title=" women employment status"> women employment status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecundity" title=" fecundity "> fecundity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21518/the-labor-participation-fertility-trade-off-exploring-fecundity-and-its-consequences-to-womens-employment-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1512</span> An Investigation into the Levels of Human Development, Contraceptives’ Usage and Maternal Health in Indian States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divyanshi%20Singh">Divyanshi Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women’s right to have choices, sense of self-worth and their right to have access to opportunities have been a subject of serious concern. The health of women and their children in Indian society is adversely affected by the woman’s inferior status within households. The level of human development in society is a reflection of the better status of a woman, which has a clear impact on the usage of contraceptive methods and maternal health. The study is an attempt to assess the performance of Indian states on the parameters of levels of development and to see how the developmental trajectory is influencing the choice for contraception and maternal health. The objective of the paper is to study the relationship between usage of contraception, maternal health and levels of human development in Indian states. Data from NFHS-4th round, AHS (2012-13) and census 2011 is used. Three indicators of human development (effective literacy, infant mortality and gross district domestic product) have been taken. Maternal health for the study has been measured in MMR, IMR and pregnancy resulted in abortions, stillbirths and miscarriage. The multiple regression analysis has been done to analyze the relationship between them. The Developmental factor is found to be greatly influencing the choice of family planning and thus they both show strong relation with maternal health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20development" title="human development">human development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraceptive%20usage" title=" contraceptive usage"> contraceptive usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20health" title=" maternal health"> maternal health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20literacy" title=" effective literacy"> effective literacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146014/an-investigation-into-the-levels-of-human-development-contraceptives-usage-and-maternal-health-in-indian-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1511</span> A Study on the Waiting Time for the First Employment of Arts Graduates in Sri Lanka </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imali%20T.%20Jayamanne">Imali T. Jayamanne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20P.%20Asoka%20Ramanayake"> K. P. Asoka Ramanayake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transition from tertiary level education to employment is one of the challenges that many fresh university graduates face after graduation. The transition period or the waiting time to obtain the first employment varies with the socio-economic factors and the general characteristics of a graduate. Compared to other fields of study, Arts graduates in Sri Lanka, have to wait a long time to find their first employment. The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of the transition from higher education to employment of these graduates using survival models. The study is based on a survey that was conducted in the year 2016 on a stratified random sample of Arts graduates from Sri Lankan universities who had graduated in 2012. Among the 469 responses, 36 (8%) waiting times were interval censored and 13 (3%) were right censored. Waiting time for the first employment varied between zero to 51 months. Initially, the log-rank and the Gehan-Wilcoxon tests were performed to identify the significant factors. Gender, ethnicity, GCE Advanced level English grade, civil status, university, class received, degree type, sector of first employment, type of first employment and the educational qualifications required for the first employment were significant at 10%. The Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to model the waiting time for first employment with these significant factors. All factors, except ethnicity and type of employment were significant at 5%. However, since the proportional hazard assumption was violated, the lognormal Accelerated failure time (AFT) model was fitted to model the waiting time for the first employment. The same factors were significant in the AFT model as in Cox proportional model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFT%20model" title="AFT model">AFT model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20employment" title=" first employment"> first employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportional%20hazard" title=" proportional hazard"> proportional hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey%20design" title=" survey design"> survey design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waiting%20time" title=" waiting time"> waiting time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77027/a-study-on-the-waiting-time-for-the-first-employment-of-arts-graduates-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=51">51</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=52">52</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20employment&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>