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Esperanza Mallegaray Astiazarán | Real Academia de la Historia
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</div> </div> </form> </p> </center> </div> </section> </main> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-8"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Esperanza Mallegaray Astiazarán</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/81231/esperanza-mallegaray-astiazaran" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"><p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Mallegaray Astiazarán, Esperanza</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">. Durango (Vizcaya), 2.II.1872 – Monasterio de Las Huelgas (Burgos), 28.IV.1957. Cisterciense (OCist.), abadesa perpetua, reformadora de Las Huelgas.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Era la mayor de numerosos hermanos y su madre se quedó viuda muy joven. Tal situación dificultaba entrar en la vida religiosa, por lo que esperó hasta los veintitrés años. Le entusiasmaba la vida contemplativa, concretamente sentía atracción hacia Las Huelgas de Burgos, e ingresó el 18 de abril de 1895.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Profesó al año siguiente y continuó en el plan de formación intensa durante tres años, en que hizo su entrega definitiva.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Poco tardaron en colocarla al frente de la contabilidad y administración de los bienes del monasterio.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Su celo y actividad le valieron la simpatía y admiración de toda la comunidad, por lo que al fallecer la abadesa Filomena Dorronsoro la nombraron presidenta, tal vez porque no tenía aún la edad requerida para el cargo, y poco después ya aparece como abadesa, cargo que ostentó por espacio de veintisiete años seguidos, habiendo sido elegida sin interrupción.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Había tenido que enfrentarse con una serie de problemas que halló en la comunidad, que exigían suma prudencia y valentía para desterrarlos. Por ejemplo: no se daba la importancia necesaria al oficio divino, no se levantaban en las altas horas de la noche como estaba preceptuado en las antiguas observancias conforme a la regla de san Benito, la ley de la abstinencia era poco menos que desconocida, hasta los mismos hábitos eran llamativos en extremo, arrastrando aquellas colas de la cogulla varios metros.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fuera de esto, cada religiosa tenía su peculio particular para satisfacer sus caprichos, y hasta disponían de una criada particular. Todo ello contradecía el espíritu cisterciense.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">La nueva abadesa se convenció de que eran un mal ejemplo para la sociedad. Se decidió a poner en práctica un plan de reforma. Seguidamente, para madurar el proyecto, en 1929 llamó para dar los santos ejercicios a un monje, el padre Pío Heredia, prior de la abadía de Viaceli (Cantabria), quien les expuso la palabra de Dios y les habló de la vida cisterciense, tal como se llevaba en todos los demás monasterios de la Orden idéntica a la de los primeros padres del Císter. El 13 de enero de 1930 se dio en Las Huelgas el paso definitivo hacia una observancia integral de la espiritualidad tradicional consignada en las nuevas constituciones elaboradas en esta ocasión en orden a reglamentar el curso de su vida. Con objeto de que el acto revistiera solemnidad, se personaron en el monasterio el abad de San Isidro de Dueñas, Félix Alonso García, acompañado de algunos monjes, habiendo celebrado un solemne pontifical.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No obstante todas esas mitigaciones introducidas en la casa, cabe decir que el espíritu religioso se mantenía en Las Huelgas, como lo demuestra el hecho de que al hacer este cambio, al suprimir las criadas individuales, se les dio opción a éstas para volver al mundo, o bien hacerse religiosas y la mayoría de estas sirvientas se hicieron hermanas legas. También se debe a la abadesa Mallegaray la apertura al turismo de la zona monumental, desconocida del público, en la cual se halla una colección de sepulcros de los principales Reyes y personajes de la Castilla medieval.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Esta abadesa supo ilustrar la regia fundación de Alfonso VIII y Leonor de Inglaterra, elevando el nivel cultural y espiritual de las religiosas, y dejó tras de sí memoria de santidad.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: J. M.ª Escrivá de Balaguer, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La Abadesa de las Huelgas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Editorial Luz, 1944, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">passim; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">J. Álvarez Álvarez, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Nobleza y virtud, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Burgos, Monasterio Cisterciense de Las Huelgas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">c. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1952 (ms. inéd.); Monialis, “La Rvda. Madre Esperanza de Mallegaray, abadesa de Las Huelgas de Burgos”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cistercium, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">año X, 55 (1958), págs. 20-22; D. Yáñez Neira, “Doña Esperanza Mallegaray”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cistercium, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">173 (1987), págs. 413- 415; “Nobleza y virtud en Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Doña Esperanza Mallagaray”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Hidalguía, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">XXXVIII (1989), págs. 289-281.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Damián Yáñez Neira, OCSO</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 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