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href="#Tok_Pisin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Tok Pisin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tok_Pisin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiri_Motu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiri_Motu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Hiri Motu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiri_Motu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papuan_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papuan_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Papuan languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papuan_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austronesian_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austronesian_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Austronesian languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austronesian_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Papua New Guinean Sign Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Literacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Papua New Guinea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পাপুয়া নিউগিনির ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাপুয়া নিউগিনির ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Papua_Nova_Guinea" title="Llengües de Papua Nova Guinea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües de Papua Nova Guinea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazyky_Papuy_Nov%C3%A9_Guineje" title="Jazyky Papuy Nové Guineje – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jazyky Papuy Nové Guineje" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachen_Papua-Neuguineas" title="Sprachen Papua-Neuguineas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprachen Papua-Neuguineas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B1_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γλώσσες της Παπούα Νέας Γουινέας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσες της Παπούα Νέας Γουινέας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A2_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88" title="زبان‌های پاپوآ گینه نو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های پاپوآ گینه نو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_en_Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin%C3%A9e" title="Langues en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezici_Papue_Nove_Gvineje" title="Jezici Papue Nove Gvineje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jezici Papue Nove Gvineje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagiti_pagsasao_ti_Papua_Baro_a_Guinea" title="Dagiti pagsasao ti Papua Baro a Guinea – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dagiti pagsasao ti Papua Baro a Guinea" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јазици во Папуа Нова Гвинеја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јазици во Папуа Нова Гвинеја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k_p%C3%A5_Papua_Ny-Guinea" title="Språk på Papua Ny-Guinea – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Språk på Papua Ny-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_tokples_bilong_Papua_Niugini" title="Ol tokples bilong Papua Niugini – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ol tokples bilong Papua Niugini" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_Papui-Nowej_Gwinei" title="Języki Papui-Nowej Gwinei – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki Papui-Nowej Gwinei" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_da_Papua-Nova_Guin%C3%A9" title="Línguas da Papua-Nova Guiné – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas da Papua-Nova Guiné" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Papua-Uuden-Guinean_kielist%C3%A4" title="Luettelo Papua-Uuden-Guinean kielistä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Papua-Uuden-Guinean kielistä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1936960#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#efefef;">Languages of Papua New Guinea</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png/300px-Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png/450px-Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png/600px-Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="759" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiri Motu language">Hiri Motu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean Sign Language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Indigenous</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_Highlands" title="New Guinea Highlands">New Guinea Highlands</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a> (nationwide)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Immigrant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Foreign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, is the most <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic diversity">linguistically diverse</a> country in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>, there are 840 <a href="/wiki/Living_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Living language">living languages</a> spoken in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Michael_Somare" title="Michael Somare">Sir Michael Somare</a> stated that "Papua New Guinea has 832 living languages (<a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a>)."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of these are classified as indigenous <a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a>, which form a diverse <a href="/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund">sprachbund</a> across the island of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. There are also many <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> spoken in Papua New Guinea, most of which are classified as <a href="/wiki/Western_Oceanic_languages" title="Western Oceanic languages">Western Oceanic languages</a>, as well as some <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands_languages" title="Admiralty Islands languages">Admiralty Islands languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellicean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellicean languages">Polynesian Ellicean–Outlier languages</a> in a few outer islands. Since the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a> — namely English and German — have also been spoken and adapted into <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creoles</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Creole" title="Torres Strait Creole">Torres Strait Creole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a>. </p><p>Languages with statutory recognition are <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean Sign Language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-languages_note_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>, an English-based <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole</a>, is the most widely spoken, serving as the country's <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>. <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean Sign Language</a> became the fourth officially recognised language in May 2015, and is used by the <a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">deaf</a> population throughout the country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doini_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_Oceania_Airport_Sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Doini_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_Oceania_Airport_Sign.jpg/220px-Doini_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_Oceania_Airport_Sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Doini_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_Oceania_Airport_Sign.jpg/330px-Doini_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_Oceania_Airport_Sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Doini_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_Oceania_Airport_Sign.jpg/440px-Doini_Island_Papua_New_Guinea_Oceania_Airport_Sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>English-language sign on <a href="/wiki/Doini_Island" title="Doini Island">Doini Island</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is a language of Papua New Guinea and is used by the government, courts, and the education system. In the 2011 census, 39.9% of the population was literate in English.<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1884 to 1914, the northern half of the present-day country was a German colony known as <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a>, in which German was the official language. Tok Pisin derives some vocabulary from German as a result of this influence. Today however, German is not a generally spoken language in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Unserdeutsch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a> Creole German, is a <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a> spoken mainly in <a href="/wiki/East_New_Britain_Province" title="East New Britain Province">East New Britain Province</a>. The lexicon is derived from German, while the substrate language is Tok Pisin.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tok_Pisin">Tok Pisin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tok Pisin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate.jpg/220px-Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate.jpg/330px-Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate.jpg/440px-Lae_War_Cemetery_TokPisin_sign_at_front_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="1494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a> sign at <a href="/wiki/Lae_War_Cemetery" title="Lae War Cemetery">Lae War Cemetery</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a> is an <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a> spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an official language of Papua New Guinea and the most widely used language in the country. In parts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Province_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Western Province (Papua New Guinea)">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Province" title="Gulf Province">Gulf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Province_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Central Province (Papua New Guinea)">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oro_Province" title="Oro Province">Oro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milne_Bay_Province" title="Milne Bay Province">Milne Bay</a> provinces, however, the use of Tok Pisin has a shorter history, and is less universal especially among older people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 2011 census, 68.4% of the population were literate in Tok Pisin.<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiri_Motu">Hiri Motu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hiri Motu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a></div> <p>Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a simplified version of the <a href="/wiki/Motu_language" title="Motu language">Motu language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian language family</a>. In the 2011 census, 4.7% of the population were literate in Hiri Motu.<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papuan_languages">Papuan languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Papuan languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TNG_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TNG_map.svg/220px-TNG_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TNG_map.svg/330px-TNG_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TNG_map.svg/440px-TNG_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>The Trans-New Guinea Family according to Malcolm Ross</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tok-Pisin_New-Guinea-Pidgin_Pidgin-English_Melanesian-Pidgin_Papua-New-Guinea-Hotel-Room-Door-Sign_(DSC_3096).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Tok-Pisin_New-Guinea-Pidgin_Pidgin-English_Melanesian-Pidgin_Papua-New-Guinea-Hotel-Room-Door-Sign_%28DSC_3096%29.jpg/220px-Tok-Pisin_New-Guinea-Pidgin_Pidgin-English_Melanesian-Pidgin_Papua-New-Guinea-Hotel-Room-Door-Sign_%28DSC_3096%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Tok-Pisin_New-Guinea-Pidgin_Pidgin-English_Melanesian-Pidgin_Papua-New-Guinea-Hotel-Room-Door-Sign_%28DSC_3096%29.jpg/330px-Tok-Pisin_New-Guinea-Pidgin_Pidgin-English_Melanesian-Pidgin_Papua-New-Guinea-Hotel-Room-Door-Sign_%28DSC_3096%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Tok-Pisin_New-Guinea-Pidgin_Pidgin-English_Melanesian-Pidgin_Papua-New-Guinea-Hotel-Room-Door-Sign_%28DSC_3096%29.jpg/440px-Tok-Pisin_New-Guinea-Pidgin_Pidgin-English_Melanesian-Pidgin_Papua-New-Guinea-Hotel-Room-Door-Sign_%28DSC_3096%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Hotel Room Door Signs in Papua New Guinea</figcaption></figure> <p>Outside Papua New Guinea, Papuan languages that are also spoken include the languages of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>. </p><p>Below is a full list of <a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan language families</a> spoken in Papua New Guinea, following Palmer, et al. (2018):<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trans-New_Guinea_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-New Guinea languages">Trans-New Guinea</a></b> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Madang_languages" title="Madang languages">Madang</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Finisterre%E2%80%93Huon_languages" title="Finisterre–Huon languages">Finisterre-Huon</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kainantu%E2%80%93Goroka_languages" title="Kainantu–Goroka languages">Kainantu-Goroka</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" title="Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu-Wahgi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Engan_languages" title="Engan languages">Enga-Kewa-Huli</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosavi_languages" title="Bosavi languages">Bosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" title="East Strickland languages">East Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutubuan_languages" title="Kutubuan languages">Kutubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duna-Bogaya_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Duna-Bogaya languages">Duna-Bogaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wiru_language" title="Wiru language">Wiru</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ok_languages" title="Ok languages">Ok-Oksapmin</a></b> (also in Indonesia)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anim_languages" title="Anim languages">Anim</a></b> (also in Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogodala%E2%80%93Suki_languages" title="Gogodala–Suki languages">Gogodala-Suki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikori_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Turama–Kikori languages">Turama-Kikori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwaian_languages" title="Kiwaian languages">Kiwaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awin%E2%80%93Pa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Awin–Pa languages">Awin-Pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angan_languages" title="Angan languages">Angan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Binanderean_languages" title="Greater Binanderean languages">Greater Binanderean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagan_languages" title="Dagan languages">Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailuan_languages" title="Mailuan languages">Mailuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koiarian_languages" title="Koiarian languages">Koiarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goilalan_languages" title="Goilalan languages">Goilalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yareban_languages" title="Yareban languages">Yareban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwalean_languages" title="Kwalean languages">Kwalean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manubaran_languages" title="Manubaran languages">Manubaran</a></li></ol></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramu%E2%80%93Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Ramu–Lower Sepik languages">Lower Sepik-Ramu</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" title="Border languages (New Guinea)">Border</a></b> (also in Indonesia)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skou_languages" title="Skou languages">Sko</a></b> (also in Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pauwasi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Pauwasi languages">Eastern Pauwasi</a> (also in Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senagi_languages" title="Senagi languages">Senagi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angor_language" title="Angor language">Angor</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dera_language" title="Dera language">Dera</a>) (also in Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwomtari_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwomtari languages">Kwomtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Schultze_languages" title="Leonhard Schultze languages">Leonhard Schultze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walio_languages" title="Walio languages">Walio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Papi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Papi languages">Papi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yuat_languages" title="Upper Yuat languages">Upper Yuat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arafundi_languages" title="Arafundi languages">Arafundi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Piawi_languages" title="Piawi languages">Piawi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuat_languages" title="Yuat languages">Yuat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_May_languages" title="Left May languages">Left May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amto-Musan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Amto-Musan languages">Amto-Musan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Papuan)" title="Busa language (Papuan)">Busa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiap language">Taiap</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yad%C3%AB_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadë language">Yadë</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yam_languages" title="Yam languages">Yam</a></b> (also in Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahoturi_River_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahoturi River languages">Pahoturi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleman_languages" title="Eleman languages">Eleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriomo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriomo languages">Oriomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teberan_languages" title="Teberan languages">Teberan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doso-Turumsa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Doso-Turumsa languages">Doso-Turumsa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dibiyaso_language" title="Dibiyaso language">Dibiyaso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaki_Ae_language" title="Kaki Ae language">Kaki Ae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamula_language" title="Kamula language">Kamula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karami_language" title="Karami language">Karami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawaia_language" title="Pawaia language">Pawaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porome_language" title="Porome language">Porome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purari_language" title="Purari language">Purari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabo_language" title="Tabo language">Tabo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baining_languages" title="Baining languages">Baining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bougainville_languages" title="North Bougainville languages">North Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bougainville_languages" title="South Bougainville languages">South Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulil%E2%80%93Butam_languages" title="Taulil–Butam languages">Butam-Taulil</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An%C3%AAm_language" title="Anêm language">Anêm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ata_language" title="Ata language">Ata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kol_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Kol language (Papua New Guinea)">Kol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuot_language" title="Kuot language">Kuot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makolkol_language" title="Makolkol language">Makolkol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulka_language" title="Sulka language">Sulka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9l%C3%AE_Dnye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yélî Dnye language">Yélî Dnye</a></i></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austronesian_languages">Austronesian languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Austronesian languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a></div> <p>People speaking languages belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian family</a> arrived in New Guinea approximately 3,500 years ago.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Austronesian languages spoken in Papua New Guinea include <a href="/wiki/Meso-Melanesian_languages" title="Meso-Melanesian languages">Meso-Melanesian languages</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Nalik_language" title="Nalik language">Nalik</a>, spoken in <a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_Province" title="New Ireland Province">New Ireland Province</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kuanua" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuanua">Kuanua</a>, spoken in <a href="/wiki/East_New_Britain_Province" title="East New Britain Province">East New Britain Province</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Nakanai_language" title="Nakanai language">Nakanai</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/West_New_Britain_Province" title="West New Britain Province">West New Britain Province</a>). </p><p>The Austronesian languages are widely spread across the globe, as far west as <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, as far east as <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapa Nui</a> in <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>, and as far as north as the <a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Austronesian has several primary branches, all but one of which are found exclusively on Taiwan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language">Papua New Guinean Sign Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Papua New Guinean Sign Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean Sign Language</a></div> <p>PNGSL is an official language of Papua New Guinea; it is based on <a href="/wiki/Auslan" title="Auslan">Auslan</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Home_sign" title="Home sign">home sign</a> forms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literacy">Literacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, 67.6% of the population of Papua New Guinea over 10 years of age were <a href="/wiki/Literate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literate">literate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/32px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/48px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/New_guinea_blank.svg/64px-New_guinea_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="452" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Guinea" title="Portal:New Guinea">New Guinea portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_literature" title="Papua New Guinean literature">Papua New Guinean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Education in Papua New Guinea">Education in Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edu.pngfacts.com/education-news/png-university-promotes-french-language">"PNG University promotes French language"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PNG+University+promotes+French+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedu.pngfacts.com%2Feducation-news%2Fpng-university-promotes-french-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc/en/news/17-09-2021/french-language-celebrated-papua-new-guinea">"The French Language Celebrated in Papua New Guinea | Coopération Régionale et Relations Extérieures de la Nouvelle-Calédonie"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+French+Language+Celebrated+in+Papua+New+Guinea+%26%23124%3B+Coop%C3%A9ration+R%C3%A9gionale+et+Relations+Ext%C3%A9rieures+de+la+Nouvelle-Cal%C3%A9donie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcooperation-regionale.gouv.nc%2Fen%2Fnews%2F17-09-2021%2Ffrench-language-celebrated-papua-new-guinea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.png.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/11_000001_00008.html">"Launching of Japanese Language Proficiency Test"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launching+of+Japanese+Language+Proficiency+Test&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.png.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fitpr_en%2F11_000001_00008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/401213/papua-new-guineans-embrace-russian-exchange">"Papua New Guineans embrace Russian exchange"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 17 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guineans+embrace+Russian+exchange&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F401213%2Fpapua-new-guineans-embrace-russian-exchange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnan2019" class="citation news cs1">Krishnan, Varun B. (7 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/6-of-the-worlds-languages-are-spoken-in-india/article28851168.ece">"Which Country Has Most Number of Languages? Not India"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Which+Country+Has+Most+Number+of+Languages%3F+Not+India&rft.date=2019-08-07&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=Varun+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F6-of-the-worlds-languages-are-spoken-in-india%2Farticle28851168.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomare2006" class="citation speech cs1">Somare, Michael T. (21 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080318055843/http://www.pm.gov.pg/pmsoffice/PMsoffice.nsf/pages/D4837E336A7B8BD44A2571F90019BE4E?OpenDocument"><i>Statement at the World Leaders Forum</i></a> (Speech). World Leaders Forum. Columbia University, New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pm.gov.pg/pmsoffice/PMsoffice.nsf/pages/D4837E336A7B8BD44A2571F90019BE4E?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 18 March 2008 – via Office of the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+at+the+World+Leaders+Forum&rft.place=Columbia+University%2C+New+York&rft.date=2006-09-21&rft.aulast=Somare&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pm.gov.pg%2Fpmsoffice%2FPMsoffice.nsf%2Fpages%2FD4837E336A7B8BD44A2571F90019BE4E%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/07/economist-explains-14">"Papua New Guinea's Incredible Linguistic Diversity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 24 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea%27s+Incredible+Linguistic+Diversity&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Feconomist-explains%2F2017%2F07%2Feconomist-explains-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-languages_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-languages_note_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is no specific legislation proclaiming official languages in Papua New Guinea. In the constitution of Papua New Guinea, section 2(11) (literacy) of its preamble mentions '...all persons and governmental bodies to endeavour to achieve universal literacy in Pisin, Hiri Motu or English' as well as "tok ples" and "ita eda tano gado". In addition, section 67 (2)(c) mentions "speak and understand Pisin or Hiri Motu, or a vernacular of the country, sufficiently for normal conversational purposes" as a requirement for citizenship by nationalisation; this is again mentioned in section 68(2)(h).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilva2019" class="citation journal cs1">Silva, Diego B. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1981-5794-1909-4">"Política Linguística Na Oceania: Nas Fronteiras da Colonização e da Globalização"</a>. <i>Alfa: Revista de Linguística</i>. <b>63</b> (2): 317–347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1981-5794-1909-4">10.1590/1981-5794-1909-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:204627919">204627919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alfa%3A+Revista+de+Lingu%C3%ADstica&rft.atitle=Pol%C3%ADtica+Lingu%C3%ADstica+Na+Oceania%3A+Nas+Fronteiras+da+Coloniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o+e+da+Globaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=317-347&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2F1981-5794-1909-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A204627919%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Diego+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252F1981-5794-1909-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Statistical_Office2015" class="citation report cs1">National Statistical Office (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://png-data.sprep.org/system/files/2011%20Census%20National%20Report.pdf">Papua New Guinea 2011 National Report</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Port Moresby. p. 57<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea+2011+National+Report&rft.place=Port+Moresby&rft.pages=57&rft.date=2015&rft.au=National+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpng-data.sprep.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2F2011%2520Census%2520National%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaitzVolker2017" class="citation journal cs1">Maitz, Péter; Volker, Craig Alan (2017). "Documenting Unserdeutsch: Reversing Colonial Amneasia". <i>Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages</i>. <b>32</b> (2): 365–397. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fjpcl.32.2.06mai">10.1075/jpcl.32.2.06mai</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pidgin+and+Creole+Languages&rft.atitle=Documenting+Unserdeutsch%3A+Reversing+Colonial+Amneasia&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=365-397&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fjpcl.32.2.06mai&rft.aulast=Maitz&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A9ter&rft.au=Volker%2C+Craig+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2018" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language Families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). <i>The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide</i>. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028642-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028642-7"><bdi>978-3-11-028642-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+Families+of+the+New+Guinea+Area&rft.btitle=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+the+New+Guinea+Area%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=The+World+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=1-20&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-11-028642-7&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2005" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., ed. (2005). <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i> (15th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Papua+New+Guinea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pnglanguages.sil.org/resources/language_maps">Language distribution maps for individual PNG provinces</a> (SIL International in Papua New Guinea)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Template:Languages of Papua New Guinea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Template talk:Languages of Papua New Guinea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Papua New Guinea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages of Papua New Guinea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adzera_language" title="Adzera language">Adzera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanab_language" title="Amanab language">Amanab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awad_Bing_language" title="Awad Bing language">Awad Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barok_language" title="Barok language">Barok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimin_language" title="Bimin language">Bimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bola_language_(Austronesian)" title="Bola language (Austronesian)">Bola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukawa_language" title="Bukawa language">Bugawac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedua_language" title="Dedua language">Dedua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobu_language" title="Dobu language">Dobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatmul_language" title="Iatmul language">Iatmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2te_language" title="Kâte language">Kâte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobon_language" title="Kobon language">Kobon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovai_language" title="Kovai language">Kovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolai_language" title="Tolai language">Kuanua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Kuman language (New Guinea)">Kuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuot_language" title="Kuot language">Kuot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurti_language" title="Kurti language">Kurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihir_language" title="Lihir language">Lihir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_language" title="Mandara language">Mandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangseng_language" title="Mangseng language">Mangseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbula_language" title="Mbula language">Mbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seim_language" title="Seim language">Mende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussau-Emira_language" title="Mussau-Emira language">Mussau-Emira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutu_language" title="Mutu language">Mutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekgini_language" title="Nekgini language">Nekgini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaing_language" title="Ngaing language">Ngaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwer_Mil_language" title="Niwer Mil language">Niwer Mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobonob_language" title="Nobonob language">Nobonob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numanggang_language" title="Numanggang language">Numanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyindrou_language" title="Nyindrou language">Nyindrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language" title="Ata language">Pele-Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petats_language" title="Petats language">Petats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoaaina_language" title="Ramoaaina language">Ramoaaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimat_language" title="Seimat language">Seimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solong_language" title="Solong language">Solong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burum_language" title="Burum language">Somba-Siawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suau_language" title="Suau language">Suau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulka_language" title="Sulka language">Sulka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangga_language" title="Tangga language">Tangga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobo language">Tobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneapa_language" title="Uneapa language">Uneapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Ura language (Papua New Guinea)">Ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitu_language" title="Vitu language">Vitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waris_language" title="Waris language">Waris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Papuan<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angan_languages" title="Angan languages">Angan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akoye_language" title="Akoye language">Akoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angaataha_language" title="Angaataha language">Angaataha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankave_language" title="Ankave language">Ankave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamtai_language" title="Hamtai language">Hamtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamasa_language" title="Kamasa language">Kamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawacha_language" title="Kawacha language">Kawacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menya_language" title="Menya language">Menya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeyoka_language" title="Safeyoka language">Safeyoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbari_language" title="Simbari language">Simbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuami_language" title="Susuami language">Susuami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tainae_language" title="Tainae language">Tainae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagwoia_language" title="Yagwoia language">Yagwoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yipma_language" title="Yipma language">Yipma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Awin%E2%80%93Pa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Awin–Pa languages">Awin–Pa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awin_language" title="Awin language">Awin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_language" title="Pa language">Pa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Binanderean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Binanderean languages">Binanderean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruga_language" title="Baruga language">Baruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binandere_language" title="Binandere language">Binandere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewage_language" title="Ewage language">Ewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korafe_language" title="Korafe language">Korafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokaiva_language" title="Orokaiva language">Orokaiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suena_language" title="Suena language">Suena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekora_language" title="Yekora language">Yekora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_language" title="Zia language">Zia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bosavi_languages" title="Bosavi languages">Bosavi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimele_language" title="Aimele language">Aimele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beami_language" title="Beami language">Beami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edolo_language" title="Edolo language">Edolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluli_language" title="Kaluli language">Kaluli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasua_language" title="Kasua language">Kasua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onobasulu_language" title="Onobasulu language">Onobasulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_language" title="Sonia language">Sonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" title="Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu–Wahgi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuave_language" title="Chuave language">Chuave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_language" title="Dom language">Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golin_language" title="Golin language">Golin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandawo_language" title="Kandawo language">Kandawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaugel_language" title="Kaugel language">Kaugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Kuman language (New Guinea)">Kuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language" title="Maring language">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpa_language" title="Melpa language">Melpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narak_language" title="Narak language">Narak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nii_language" title="Nii language">Nii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomane_language" title="Nomane language">Nomane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-Yui_language" title="Salt-Yui language">Salt-Yui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinasina_language" title="Sinasina language">Sinasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembagla_language" title="Tembagla language">Tembagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahgi_language" title="Wahgi language">Wahgi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="New Ireland languages">New Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilur_language" title="Bilur language">Bilur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanamaket_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanamaket language">Fanamaket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandas_language" title="Kandas language">Kandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konomala_language" title="Konomala language">Konomala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolai_language" title="Tolai language">Kuanua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_language" title="Label language">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwer_Mil_language" title="Niwer Mil language">Niwer Mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patpatar_language" title="Patpatar language">Patpatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoaaina_language" title="Ramoaaina language">Ramoaaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Siar language">Siar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sursurunga_language" title="Sursurunga language">Sursurunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwar_Feni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwar Feni language">Warwar Feni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duna%E2%80%93Pogaya_languages" title="Duna–Pogaya languages">Duna–Pogaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_language" title="Duna language">Duna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogaya_language" title="Pogaya language">Pogaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Kutubuan_languages" title="East Kutubuan languages">East Kutubuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasu_language" title="Fasu language">Fasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiwaga_language" title="Fiwaga language">Fiwaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foi_language" title="Foi language">Foi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" title="East Strickland languages">East Strickland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fembe_language" title="Fembe language">Fembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobasi_language" title="Gobasi language">Gobasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konai_language" title="Konai language">Konai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubo_language" title="Kubo language">Kubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoodee_language" title="Odoodee language">Odoodee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Samo language (New Guinea)">Samo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engan_languages" title="Engan languages">Engan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angal_language" title="Angal language">Angal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_language" title="Nete language">Bisorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enga_language" title="Enga language">Enga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huli_language" title="Huli language">Huli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipili_language" title="Ipili language">Ipili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewa_language" title="Kewa language">Kewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaka_language" title="Kyaka language">Kyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembena_language" title="Lembena language">Lembena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samberigi_language" title="Samberigi language">Samberigi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eleman_languages" title="Eleman languages">Eleman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaki_Ae_language" title="Kaki Ae language">Kaki Ae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keoru_language" title="Keoru language">Keoru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opao_language" title="Opao language">Opao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokolo_language" title="Orokolo language">Orokolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaripi_language" title="Toaripi language">Toaripi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tairuma_language" title="Tairuma language">Tairuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ok%E2%80%93Oksapmin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ok–Oksapmin languages">Ok–Oksapmin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimin_language" title="Bimin language">Bimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiwol_language" title="Faiwol language">Faiwol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_language" title="Mian language">Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalum_language" title="Ngalum language">Ngalum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninggerum_language" title="Ninggerum language">Ninggerum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksapmin_language" title="Oksapmin language">Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setaman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Setaman language">Setaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suganga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Suganga language">Suganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefol_language" title="Telefol language">Telefol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifal_language" title="Tifal language">Tifal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urap language">Urap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonggom_language" title="Yonggom language">Yonggom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teberan_languages" title="Teberan languages">Teberan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadibi_language" title="Dadibi language">Dadibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folopa_language" title="Folopa language">Folopa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirio_languages" title="Tirio languages">Tirio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abom_language" title="Abom language">Abom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramu_language" title="Baramu language">Baramu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitur_language" title="Bitur language">Bitur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirio_Papuan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirio Papuan language">Tirio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Were_language" title="Were language">Were</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikorian_languages" title="Turama–Kikorian languages">Turama–Kikorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikobi_language" title="Ikobi language">Ikobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omati_language" title="Omati language">Omati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumu_language" title="Rumu language">Rumu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Larger families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finisterre%E2%80%93Huon_languages" title="Finisterre–Huon languages">Finisterre–Huon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainantu%E2%80%93Goroka_languages" title="Kainantu–Goroka languages">Kainantu–Goroka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madang_languages" title="Madang languages">Madang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramu%E2%80%93Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Ramu–Lower Sepik languages">Ramu–Lower Sepik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Papuan_languages" title="Southeast Papuan languages">Southeast Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enga_Sign_Language" title="Enga Sign Language">Enga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailge_Sign_Language" title="Kailge Sign Language">Kailge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehek_Sign_Language" title="Mehek Sign Language">Mehek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Avejaha_Sign_Language" title="Mount Avejaha Sign Language">Mount Avejaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossel_Island_Sign_Language" title="Rossel Island Sign Language">Rossel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinasina_Sign_Language" title="Sinasina Sign Language">Sinasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanib_Sign_Language" title="Wanib Sign Language">Wanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English-speaking_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Template talk:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_official_language_clickable_map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English official language clickable map"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English-speaking_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_language#Geographical_distribution" title="English language">English-speaking world</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span title="English speaking countries"><img alt="English speaking countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/600px-Anglophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/900px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Anglophone_World.svg/1200px-Anglophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="974" resource="/wiki/File:Anglophone_World.svg" /></span><figcaption>English speaking countries</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Further_links" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Further links</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English language">History of the English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">English in the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;text-align:left;color:darkblue;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_population" title="List of countries by English-speaking population">List of countries by English-speaking population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_English_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where English is an official language">List of countries where English is an official language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:blue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_the_national_language_or_the_native_language_of_the_majority"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightblue;"><span style="padding-left:1.0em;"> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language,_but_not_the_majority_first_language"> <ul><li><b>Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Papuan_language_families_(Palmer_2018_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Papuan_languages" title="Template:Papuan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Papuan_languages" title="Template talk:Papuan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Papuan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Papuan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Papuan_language_families_(Palmer_2018_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan language families</a> <br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages#Palmer_(2018)" title="Papuan languages">Palmer 2018</a> classification)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trans-New_Guinea_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-New Guinea languages">Trans-New Guinea</a> <br />subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a>, Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ok_languages" title="Ok languages">Ok-Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dani languages">Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Kamoro_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Asmat–Kamoro languages">Asmat-Kamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mek_languages" title="Mek languages">Mek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paniai_Lakes_languages" title="Paniai Lakes languages">Paniai Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bomberai_languages" title="West Bomberai languages">West Bomberai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somahai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Somahai languages">Somahai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a>, Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anim_languages" title="Anim languages">Anim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Awyu_languages" title="Greater Awyu languages">Greater Awyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayagaric_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayagaric languages">Kayagaric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolopom_languages" title="Kolopom languages">Kolopom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Marori language">Marori</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwest <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gogodala%E2%80%93Suki_languages" title="Gogodala–Suki languages">Gogodala-Suki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikori_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Turama–Kikori languages">Turama-Kikori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwaian_languages" title="Kiwaian languages">Kiwaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awin%E2%80%93Pa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Awin–Pa languages">Awin-Pa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madang_languages" title="Madang languages">Madang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finisterre%E2%80%93Huon_languages" title="Finisterre–Huon languages">Finisterre-Huon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainantu%E2%80%93Goroka_languages" title="Kainantu–Goroka languages">Kainantu-Goroka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" title="Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu-Wahgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engan_languages" title="Engan languages">Enga-Kewa-Huli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosavi_languages" title="Bosavi languages">Bosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" title="East Strickland languages">East Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutubuan_languages" title="Kutubuan languages">Kutubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duna-Bogaya_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Duna-Bogaya languages">Duna-Bogaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wiru_language" title="Wiru language">Wiru</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Peninsula" title="Papuan Peninsula">Papuan Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angan_languages" title="Angan languages">Angan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Binanderean_languages" title="Greater Binanderean languages">Greater Binanderean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagan_languages" title="Dagan languages">Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailuan_languages" title="Mailuan languages">Mailuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koiarian_languages" title="Koiarian languages">Koiarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goilalan_languages" title="Goilalan languages">Goilalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yareban_languages" title="Yareban languages">Yareban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwalean_languages" title="Kwalean languages">Kwalean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manubaran_languages" title="Manubaran languages">Manubaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Alor%E2%80%93Pantar_languages" title="Timor–Alor–Pantar languages">Timor-Alor-Pantar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Halmahera_languages" title="North Halmahera languages">North Halmahera</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tambora_language" title="Tambora language">Tambora</a></i><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Head_Peninsula" title="Bird's Head Peninsula">Bird's Head Peninsula</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="South Bird's Head languages">South Bird's Head</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_South_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="Nuclear South Bird's Head languages">Nuclear South Bird's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanwatan%E2%80%93Duriankere_languages" title="Inanwatan–Duriankere languages">Inanwatan–Duriankere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konda%E2%80%93Yahadian_languages" title="Konda–Yahadian languages">Konda–Yahadian</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/East_Bird%27s_Head_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bird's Head languages">East Bird's Head</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantion%E2%80%93Meax_languages" title="Mantion–Meax languages">Nuclear East Bird's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatam%E2%80%93Mansim_languages" title="Hatam–Mansim languages">Hatam–Mansim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="West Bird's Head languages">West Bird's Head</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abun_language" title="Abun language">Abun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpur_language" title="Mpur language">Mpur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maybrat_language" title="Maybrat language">Maybrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Papuan)" title="Mor language (Papuan)">Mor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumuri_language" title="Sumuri language">Tanah Merah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tor%E2%80%93Kwerba_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor–Kwerba languages">Tor-Kwerba</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Plain_languages" title="Lakes Plain languages">Lakes Plain</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" title="Border languages (New Guinea)">Border</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skou_languages" title="Skou languages">Sko</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/East_Geelvink_Bay_languages" title="East Geelvink Bay languages">East Cenderawasih Bay</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauwasi_languages" title="Pauwasi languages">Pauwasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pauwasi_languages" title="East Pauwasi languages">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pauwasi_languages" title="West Pauwasi languages">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimboran_languages" title="Nimboran languages">Nimboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentani languages">Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_languages" title="Mairasi languages">Mairasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaure%E2%80%93Kosare_languages" title="Kaure–Kosare languages">Kaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepki%E2%80%93Murkim_languages" title="Lepki–Murkim languages">Lepki-Murkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senagi_languages" title="Senagi languages">Senagi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angor_language" title="Angor language">Angor</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dera_language" title="Dera language">Dera</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofanma%E2%80%93Namla_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tofanma–Namla languages">Tofanma-Namla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawa_languages" title="Yawa languages">Yapen</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abinomn_language" title="Abinomn language">Abinomn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burmeso_language" title="Burmeso language">Burmeso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseng_language" title="Elseng language">Elseng</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kapauri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapauri language">Kapauri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kembra_language" title="Kembra language">Kembra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keuw_language" title="Keuw language">Keuw</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kimki_language" title="Kimki language">Kimki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massep_language" title="Massep language">Massep</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mawes_language" title="Mawes language">Mawes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molof_language" title="Molof language">Molof</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Usku_language" title="Usku language">Usku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yetfa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yetfa language">Yetfa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayono%E2%80%93Awbono_languages" title="Bayono–Awbono languages">Bayono-Awbono</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dem_language" title="Dem language">Dem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uhunduni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uhunduni language">Uhunduni</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sepik" title="Sepik">Sepik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ramu" title="Ramu">Ramu</a> basin <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramu%E2%80%93Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Ramu–Lower Sepik languages">Lower Sepik-Ramu</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Lower Sepik languages">Lower Sepik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramu_languages" title="Ramu languages">Ramu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwomtari_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwomtari languages">Kwomtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Schultze_languages" title="Leonhard Schultze languages">Leonhard Schultze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walio_languages" title="Walio languages">Walio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Papi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Papi languages">Papi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yuat_languages" title="Upper Yuat languages">Upper Yuat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arafundi_languages" title="Arafundi languages">Arafundi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Piawi_languages" title="Piawi languages">Piawi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuat_languages" title="Yuat languages">Yuat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_May_languages" title="Left May languages">Left May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amto%E2%80%93Musan_languages" title="Amto–Musan languages">Amto-Musan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Papuan)" title="Busa language (Papuan)">Busa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayap_language" title="Tayap language">Tayap</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yad%C3%AB_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadë language">Yadë</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a> subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marienberg_languages" title="Marienberg languages">Marienberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapesh_languages" title="Arapesh languages">Arapesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urim_languages" title="Urim languages">Urim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimai_languages" title="Maimai languages">Maimai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapei_languages" title="Wapei languages">Wapei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palei_languages" title="Palei languages">Palei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_languages" title="One languages">One</a> (West Wapei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumbo_languages" title="Monumbo languages">Monumbo</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a> subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Middle_Sepik_languages" title="Middle Sepik languages">Middle Sepik</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndu_languages" title="Ndu languages">Ndu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuma_languages" title="Nukuma languages">Nukuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_languages" title="Yellow River languages">Yellow River</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yerakai_language" title="Yerakai language">Yerakai</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sepik_languages" title="Upper Sepik languages">Upper Sepik</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wogamus_languages" title="Wogamus languages">Wogamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwam_languages" title="Iwam languages">Iwam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abau_language" title="Abau language">Abau</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sepik_Hill_languages" title="Sepik Hill languages">Sepik Hill</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_languages" title="Tama languages">Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_languages" title="Ram languages">Ram</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amal_language" title="Amal language">Amal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ramu_languages" title="Ramu languages">Ramu</a> subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lower_Ramu_languages" title="Lower Ramu languages">Lower Ramu</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottilien_languages" title="Ottilien languages">Ottilien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misegian_languages" title="Misegian languages">Misegian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ramu_languages" title="Middle Ramu languages">Middle Ramu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grass_languages" title="Grass languages">Grass</a></b>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamolan_languages" title="Tamolan languages">Tamolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataitan_languages" title="Ataitan languages">Ataitan</a> (Tanggu)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Papua" title="Gulf of Papua">Gulf of Papua</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yam_languages" title="Yam languages">Yam</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahoturi_River_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahoturi River languages">Pahoturi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleman_languages" title="Eleman languages">Eleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriomo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriomo languages">Oriomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teberan_languages" title="Teberan languages">Teberan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doso-Turumsa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Doso-Turumsa languages">Doso-Turumsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komolom_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Komolom languages">Komolom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelmek-Maklew_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Yelmek-Maklew languages">Yelmek-Maklew</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dibiyaso_language" title="Dibiyaso language">Dibiyaso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaki_Ae_language" title="Kaki Ae language">Kaki Ae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamula_language" title="Kamula language">Kamula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karami_language" title="Karami language">Karami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawaia_language" title="Pawaia language">Pawaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porome_language" title="Porome language">Porome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purari_language" title="Purari language">Purari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabo_language" title="Tabo language">Tabo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baining_languages" title="Baining languages">Baining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bougainville_languages" title="North Bougainville languages">North Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bougainville_languages" title="South Bougainville languages">South Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Solomon_languages" title="Central Solomon languages">Central Solomons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulil%E2%80%93Butam_languages" title="Taulil–Butam languages">Butam-Taulil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An%C3%AAm_language" title="Anêm language">Anêm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ata_language" title="Ata language">Ata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kol_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Kol language (Papua New Guinea)">Kol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuot_language" title="Kuot language">Kuot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makolkol_language" title="Makolkol language">Makolkol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulka_language" title="Sulka language">Sulka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rossel_Island" title="Rossel Island">Rossel Island</a> <br />isolate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9l%C3%AE_Dnye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yélî Dnye language">Yélî Dnye</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Papuan_languages" title="West Papuan languages">West Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Papuan_languages" title="Northwest Papuan languages">Northwest Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pauwasi_languages" title="South Pauwasi languages">South Pauwasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Papuan_languages" title="East Papuan languages">East Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Papuan_languages" title="Southeast Papuan languages">Southeast Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Gulf_languages" title="Papuan Gulf languages">Papuan Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binanderean%E2%80%93Goilalan_languages" title="Binanderean–Goilalan languages">Binanderean–Goilalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arai%E2%80%93Samaia_languages" title="Arai–Samaia languages">Arai–Samaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Mombum_languages" title="Asmat–Mombum languages">Asmat–Mombum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Fly%E2%80%93Bulaka_River_languages" title="Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages">Trans-Fly–Bulaka River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Fly_languages" title="Trans-Fly languages">Trans-Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%E2%80%93Kwerba_languages" title="Dani–Kwerba languages">Dani–Kwerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bird%27s_Head_%E2%80%93_Sentani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bird's Head – Sentani languages">East Bird's Head – Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwomtari%E2%80%93Fas_languages" title="Kwomtari–Fas languages">Kwomtari–Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_May_%E2%80%93_Kwomtari_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Left May – Kwomtari languages">Left May – Kwomtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor%E2%80%93Kwerba%E2%80%93Nimboran_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran languages">Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea_languages" title="West Trans–New Guinea languages">West Trans–New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papuan_Highlands_languages" title="West Papuan Highlands languages">West Papuan Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_and_South_New_Guinea_languages" title="Central and South New Guinea languages">Central and South New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_West_New_Guinea_languages" title="Central West New Guinea languages">Central West New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_New_Guinea_Highlands_languages" title="East New Guinea Highlands languages">East New Guinea Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_%E2%80%93_West_New_Britain_languages" title="Yele – West New Britain languages">Yele – West New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepik%E2%80%93Ramu_languages" title="Sepik–Ramu languages">Sepik–Ramu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_languages" title="Indo-Pacific languages">Indo-Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Proto-Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Trans–New Guinea">Proto-Trans–New Guinea</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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