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licheniformis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Bacillus licheniformis"> <meta name="keywords" content="Bacillus licheniformis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Bacillus licheniformis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 78</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Bacillus licheniformis</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Res2ValHUM: Creation of Resource Management Tool and Microbial Consortia Isolation and Identification </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ribeiro">A. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Val%C3%A9rio"> N. Valério</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Vilarinho"> C. Vilarinho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Araujo"> J. Araujo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Carvalho"> J. Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Res2ValHUM project involves institutions from the Spanish Autonomous Region of Galicia and the north of Portugal (districts of Porto and Braga) and has as overall objectives of promotion of composting as an process for the correct managing of organic waste, valorization of compost in different fields or applications for the constitution of products with high added value, reducing of raw materials losses, and reduction of the amount of waste throw in landfills. Three main actions were designed to achieve the objectives: development of a management tool to improve collection and residue channeling for composting, sensibilization of the population for composting and characterization of the chemical and biological properties of compost and humic and fulvic substances to envisage high-value applications of compost. Here we present the cooperative activity of Galician and northern Portuguese institutions to valorize organic waste in both regions with common socio-economic characteristics and residue management problems. Results from the creation of the resource manage tool proved the existence of a large number of agricultural wastes that could be valorized. In the North of Portugal, the wastes from maize, oats, potato, apple, grape pomace, rye, and olive pomace can be highlighted. In the Autonomous Region of Galicia the wastes from maize, wheat, potato, apple, and chestnuts can be emphasized. Regarding the isolation and identification of microbial consortia from compost samples, results proved microorganisms belong mainly to the genus <em>Bacillus</em> spp. Among all the species identified in compost samples, <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> can be highlighted in the production of humic and fulvic acids.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agricultural%20wastes" title="Agricultural wastes">Agricultural wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20licheniformis" title=" Bacillus licheniformis"> Bacillus licheniformis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20spp." title=" Bacillus spp."> Bacillus spp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Humic-acids" title=" Humic-acids"> Humic-acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fulvic-acids." title=" Fulvic-acids. "> Fulvic-acids. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/res2valhum-creation-of-resource-management-tool-and-microbial-consortia-isolation-and-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">696</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Biosurfactants on Residual-Oil Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20V.%20Ukwungwu">S. V. Ukwungwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20J.%20Abbas"> A. J. Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20G.%20Nasr"> G. G. Nasr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing high price of natural gas and oil with attendant increase in energy demand on world markets in recent years has stimulated interest in recovering residual oil saturation across the globe. In order to meet the energy security, efforts have been made in developing new technologies of enhancing the recovery of oil and gas, utilizing techniques like CO<sub>2</sub> flooding, water injection, hydraulic fracturing, surfactant flooding etc. Surfactant flooding however optimizes production but poses risk to the environment due to their toxic nature. Amongst proven records that have utilized other type of bacterial in producing biosurfactants for enhancing oil recovery, this research uses a technique to combine biosurfactants that will achieve a scale of EOR through lowering interfacial tension/contact angle. In this study, three biosurfactants were produced from three <em>Bacillus</em> species from freeze dried cultures using sucrose 3 % (w/v) as their carbon source. Two of these produced biosurfactants were screened with the TEMCO Pendant Drop Image Analysis for reduction in IFT and contact angle. Interfacial tension was greatly reduced from 56.95 mN.m<sup>-1</sup> to 1.41 mN.m<sup>-1</sup> when biosurfactants in cell-free culture (<em>Bacillus licheniformis</em>) were used compared to 4. 83mN.m<sup>-1 </sup>cell-free culture of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. As a result, cell-free culture of (<em>Bacillus licheniformis</em>) changes the wettability of the biosurfactant treatment for contact angle measurement to more water-wet as the angle decreased from 130.75<sup>o</sup> to 65.17<sup>o</sup>. The influence of microbial treatment on crushed rock samples was also observed by qualitative wettability experiments. Treated samples with biosurfactants remained in the aqueous phase, indicating a water-wet system. These results could prove that biosurfactants can effectively change the chemistry of the wetting conditions against diverse surfaces, providing a desirable condition for efficient oil transport in this way serving as a mechanism for EOR. The environmental friendly effect of biosurfactants applications for industrial purposes play important advantages over chemically synthesized surfactants, with various possible structures, low toxicity, eco-friendly and biodegradability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus" title="Bacillus">Bacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biosurfactant" title=" biosurfactant"> biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=enhanced%20oil%20recovery" title=" enhanced oil recovery"> enhanced oil recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=residual%20oil" title=" residual oil"> residual oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wettability." title=" wettability."> wettability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/experimental-investigation-of-the-impact-of-biosurfactants-on-residual-oil-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Cellolytic Activity of Bacteria of the Bacillus Genus Isolated from the Soil of Zailiskiy Alatau Slopes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Savitskaya">I. Savitskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Kistaubayeva"> A. Kistaubayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Zhubanova"> A. Zhubanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Blavachinskaiya"> I. Blavachinskaiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Ibrayeva"> D. Ibrayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abdulzhanova"> M. Abdulzhanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Otarbay"> A. Otarbay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.Isabekova"> A.Isabekova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted for the investigation of number of cellulolytic bacteria and their ability in decomposition. Seven samples surface soil were collected on cellulose Zailiskii Alatau slopes. Cellulolitic activity of new strains of Bacillus, isolated from soil is determined. Isolated cellulose degrading bacteria were screened for determination of the highest cellulose activity by quantitative assay using Congo red, gravimetric assay and colorimetric DNS method trough of the determination of the parameters of sugar reduction. Strains are assigned to: B.subtilis, B.licheniformis, B. cereus and, В. megaterium. Bacillus strains consisting of several different types of cellulases have broad substrate specificity of cellulase complexes formed by them. Cellulolitic bacteria were recorded to have highest cellulase activity and selected for optimization of cellulase enzyme production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cellulose-degrading%20bacteria" title="Cellulose-degrading bacteria">Cellulose-degrading bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cellulase%20complex" title=" cellulase complex"> cellulase complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=foothills%20soil" title=" foothills soil"> foothills soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=screening." title=" screening."> screening.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/cellolytic-activity-of-bacteria-of-the-bacillus-genus-isolated-from-the-soil-of-zailiskiy-alatau-slopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> The Effect of Seed Inoculation (Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus) and Different Levels of Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamid%20Abbasdokht">Hamid Abbasdokht </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Gholami"> Ahmad Gholami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to study of The Effect of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Station of Shahrood University of Technology. Results showed that inoculation with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus promoted seed germination. Also, inoculation with Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus significantly affected grain yield, Number of spikes per m2, Number of grain per spike and 1000-seed weight and There was not statistically significant difference between Chamran and Pishtaz cultivars . Finally, the dosages of chemical fertilizers currently applied in commercial wheat field in Iran (Shahrood region) could be reduced through proper combination of Pseudomonas putida+Bacillus lentus inoculation plus fertilization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seed%20inoculation" title="Seed inoculation">Seed inoculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yield%20components" title=" yield components"> yield components</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/the-effect-of-seed-inoculation-pseudomonas-putidabacillus-lentus-and-different-levels-of-fertilizers-on-yield-and-yield-components-of-wheat-triticum-aestivum-l-cultivars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> New Effective Strains of Bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis for Bloodsucking Mosquito Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20S.%20Markosyan">L. S. Markosyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20A.%20Ganushkina"> L. A. Ganushkina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20S.%20Vardanyan"> N. S. Vardanyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20V.%20Harutyunova"> K. V. Harutyunova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20V.%20Harutyunova"> M. V. Harutyunova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Five original strains of entomopathogenic bacteria with insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae of the genera Aedes, Culex and Anopheles have been isolated from natural conditions in Armenia and characterized. According to morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters, all isolates were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis (Bti). High larvicidal activity has been showed by three strains Bti. These strains can be recommended for industrial production of bacterial preparations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20thuringiensis%20ssp.%20israelensis" title=" Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis"> Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bloodsucking%20mosquito%20control" title=" bloodsucking mosquito control"> bloodsucking mosquito control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=new%20effective%20strains%20of%20bacteria." title=" new effective strains of bacteria."> new effective strains of bacteria.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/new-effective-strains-of-bacteria-bacillus-thuringiensis-ssp-israelensis-for-bloodsucking-mosquito-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2079</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Synthesis of Peptide Amides using Sol-Gel Immobilized Alcalase in Batch and Continuous Reaction System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20N.%20Cor%C3%AEci">L. N. Corîci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20E.%20Frissen"> A. E. Frissen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D%20-J.%20Van%20Zoelen"> D -J. Van Zoelen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20F.%20Eggen"> I. F. Eggen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Peter"> F. Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20M.%20Davidescu"> C. M. Davidescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20G.%20Boeriu"> C. G. Boeriu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two commercial proteases from Bacillus licheniformis (Alcalase 2.4 L FG and Alcalase 2.5 L, Type DX) were screened for the production of Z-Ala-Phe-NH2 in batch reaction. Alcalase 2.4 L FG was the most efficient enzyme for the C-terminal amidation of Z-Ala-Phe-OMe using ammonium carbamate as ammonium source. Immobilization of protease has been achieved by the sol-gel method, using dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMOS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as precursors (unpublished results). In batch production, about 95% of Z-Ala-Phe-NH2 was obtained at 30°C after 24 hours of incubation. Reproducibility of different batches of commercial Alcalase 2.4 L FG preparations was also investigated by evaluating the amidation activity and the entrapment yields in the case of immobilization. A packed-bed reactor (0.68 cm ID, 15.0 cm long) was operated successfully for the continuous synthesis of peptide amides. The immobilized enzyme retained the initial activity over 10 cycles of repeated use in continuous reactor at ambient temperature. At 0.75 mL/min flow rate of the substrate mixture, the total conversion of Z-Ala-Phe-OMe was achieved after 5 hours of substrate recycling. The product contained about 90% peptide amide and 10% hydrolysis byproduct. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=packed-bed%20reactor" title="packed-bed reactor">packed-bed reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=peptide%20amide" title=" peptide amide"> peptide amide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=protease" title=" protease"> protease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sol-gel%20immobilization." title=" sol-gel immobilization."> sol-gel immobilization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/synthesis-of-peptide-amides-using-sol-gel-immobilized-alcalase-in-batch-and-continuous-reaction-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2690</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Inhibition on Conidial Germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes and Pestalotiopsis eugeniae by Bacillus subtilis LB5</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Onuma%20Ruangwong">Onuma Ruangwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wen-Jinn%20Liang"> Wen-Jinn Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.Y.%20Zhang"> S.Y. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chi-I%20Chang"> Chi-I Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of antifungal compound from Bacillus subtilis strain LB5 was tested against conidial germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Pestalotiopsis eugeniae, causal agent of anthracnose and fruit rot of wax apple, respectively. Observation under scanning electron microscope and light compound microscope revealed that conidial germination was completely inhibited when treated with culture broth, culture filtrate, or crude extract from strain LB5. Identification of purified antifungal compound produced by strain LB5 in cell-free supernatant by nuclear magnetic resonance and fast atom bombardment showed that the active compound was iturin A-2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iturin%20A-2" title="Iturin A-2">Iturin A-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20LB5" title=" Bacillus subtilis LB5"> Bacillus subtilis LB5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Colleteotrichum%0Agloeospporioides" title=" Colleteotrichum gloeospporioides"> Colleteotrichum gloeospporioides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pestalotiopsis%20eugeniae" title=" Pestalotiopsis eugeniae"> Pestalotiopsis eugeniae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wax%20apple" title=" wax apple"> wax apple</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/inhibition-on-conidial-germination-of-colletotrichum-gloeosporiodes-and-pestalotiopsis-eugeniae-by-bacillus-subtilis-lb5" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/42.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Cadmium Filter Cake of a Hydrometallurgical Zinc Smelter as a New Source for the Biological Synthesis of CdS Quantum Dots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehran%20Bakhshi">Mehran Bakhshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Raouf%20Hosseini"> Mohammad Raouf Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammadhosein%20Rahimi"> Mohammadhosein Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized from the nickel-cadmium cake of a hydrometallurgical zinc producing plant and sodium sulfide as Cd<sup>2+</sup> and S<sup>-2</sup> sources, respectively. Also, the synthesis process was performed by using the secretions of <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> as bio-surfactant. Initially, in order to obtain a cadmium rich solution, two following steps were carried out: 1) Alkaline leaching for the removal of zinc oxide from the cake, and 2) acidic leaching to dissolve cadmium from the remained solid residue. Afterward, the obtained CdSO<sub>4</sub> solution was used for the nanoparticle biosynthesis. Nanoparticles were characterized by the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the formation of CdS crystals with cubic structure. Also, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to determine the particle sizes which were in 2-10 nm range. Moreover, the presence of the protein containing bio-surfactants was approved by using infrared analysis (FTIR). In addition, the absorbance below 400 nm confirms quantum particles’ size. Finally, it was shown that valuable CdS quantum dots could be obtained from the industrial waste products via environment-friendly biological approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biosynthesis" title="Biosynthesis">Biosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cadmium%20cake" title=" cadmium cake"> cadmium cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cadmium%20sulfide" title=" cadmium sulfide"> cadmium sulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zinc%20smelter." title=" zinc smelter. "> zinc smelter. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/cadmium-filter-cake-of-a-hydrometallurgical-zinc-smelter-as-a-new-source-for-the-biological-synthesis-of-cds-quantum-dots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Effect of Crude Extract from Bacillus Subtilis LB5 Cultivated Broth on Conidial Germination of Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Onuma%20Ruangwong">Onuma Ruangwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wen-Jinn%20Liang"> Wen-Jinn Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacillus subtilis strain LB5 produced lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A-2 in liquid medium. Crude extract from cell-free supernatant of B. subtilis cultivated broth extracted with n-butanol showed antifungal activity to conidial germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The germination of conidia was completely inhibited by crude extract. The ultrastructure of conidia after treated with crude extract was found an accumulation of vesiclelike material between cell wall and plasma membrane while this accumulation was not observed in untreated and germinated conidia. Besides, the cell wall was not affected by crude extract. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20strain%20LB5" title="Bacillus subtilis strain LB5">Bacillus subtilis strain LB5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=iturin%20A-2" title=" iturin A-2"> iturin A-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Colletotrichum%20gloeosporioides" title=" Colletotrichum gloeosporioides"> Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vesicle-like%20material." title=" vesicle-like material."> vesicle-like material.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/effect-of-crude-extract-from-bacillus-subtilis-lb5-cultivated-broth-on-conidial-germination-of-colletotrichum-gloeosporioides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1766</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Bioremediation of Phenanthrene by Monocultures and Mixed Culture Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Fazilah">A. Fazilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Darah"> I. Darah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Noraznawati"> I. Noraznawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three different bacteria capable of degrading phenanthrene were isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated site. In this study, the phenanthrene-degrading activity by defined monoculture was determined and mixed culture was identified as <em>Acinetobacter</em> sp. P3d, <em>Bacillus </em>sp. P4a and <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. P6. All bacteria were able to grow in a minimal salt medium saturated with phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy. Phenanthrene degradation efficiencies by different combinations (consortia) of these bacteria were investigated and their phenanthrene degradation was evaluated by gas chromatography. Among the monocultures,<em> Pseudomonas</em> sp. P6 exhibited 58.71% activity compared to <em>Acinetobacter</em> sp. P3d and <em>Bacillus</em> sp. P4a which were 56.97% and 53.05%, respectively after 28 days of cultivation. All consortia showed high phenanthrene elimination which were 95.64, 79.37, 87.19, 79.21% for Consortia A, B, C and D, respectively. The results indicate that all of the bacteria isolated may effectively degrade target chemical and have a promising application in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acinetobacter%20sp.%20P3d" title="Acinetobacter sp. P3d">Acinetobacter sp. P3d</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20sp.%20P4a" title=" Bacillus sp. P4a"> Bacillus sp. P4a</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=consortia" title=" consortia"> consortia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phenanthrene" title=" phenanthrene"> phenanthrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pseudomonas%20sp.%20P6." title=" Pseudomonas sp. P6."> Pseudomonas sp. P6.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/bioremediation-of-phenanthrene-by-monocultures-and-mixed-culture-bacteria-isolated-from-contaminated-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Optimization of Lipase Production Using Bacillus subtilis by Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Shyamala%20Devi">A. Shyamala Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Chitra%20Devi"> K. Chitra Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Rajendiran"> R. Rajendiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A total of 6 isolates of Bacillus subtilis were isolated from oil mill waste collected in Namakkal district, Tamilnadu, India. The isolated bacteria were screened using lipase screening medium containing Tween 80. BS-3 isolate exhibited a greater clear zone than the others, indicating higher lipase activity. Therefore, this isolate was selected for media optimization studies. Ten process variables were screened using Plackett–Burman design and were further optimized by central composite design of response surface methodology for lipase production in submerged fermentation. Maximum lipase production of 16.627 U/min/ml were predicted in medium containing yeast extract (9.3636g), CaCl2<sub> </sub>(0.8986g) and incubation periods (1.813 days). A mean value of 16.98 ± 0.2286 U/min/ml of lipase was acquired from real experiments.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title="Bacillus subtilis">Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extracellular%20lipase" title=" extracellular lipase"> extracellular lipase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Plackett%E2%80%93Burman%20design" title=" Plackett–Burman design"> Plackett–Burman design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology." title=" response surface methodology. "> response surface methodology. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/optimization-of-lipase-production-using-bacillus-subtilis-by-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Laboratory Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis Bioactivity on Musca domestica (Linn) (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae from Poultry Farms in South Western Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Funmilola%20O.%20Omoya">Funmilola O. Omoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Muscid flies are known to be vectors of disease agents and species that annoy humans and domesticated animals. An example of these flies is <em>Musca domestica </em>(house fly) whose adult and immature stages occur in a variety of filthy organic substances including household garbage and animal manures. They contribute to microbial contamination of foods. It is therefore imperative to control these flies as a result of their role in Public health. The second and third instars of <em>Musca domestica</em> (Linn) were infected with varying cell loads of<em> Bacillus subtilis</em> <em>in vitro</em> for a period of 48 hours to evaluate its larvicidal activities. Mortality of the larvae increased with incubation period after treatment with the varying cell loads. Investigation revealed that the second instars larvae were more susceptible to treatment than the third instars treatments<em>. </em>Values obtained from the third instar group were significantly different (P<0.05) from those obtained from the second instars group in all the treatments. Lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) at 24 hours for 2<sup>nd</sup> instars was 2.35 while LC<sub>50</sub> at 48 hours was 4.31.This study revealed that <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> possess good larvicidal potential for use in the control of <em>Musca domestica</em> in poultry farms.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title="Bacillus subtilis">Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=larvicidal%20activities" title=" larvicidal activities"> larvicidal activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Musca%20domestica" title=" Musca domestica"> Musca domestica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=poultry%20farms." title=" poultry farms."> poultry farms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/laboratory-evaluation-of-bacillus-subtilis-bioactivity-on-musca-domestica-linn-diptera-muscidae-larvae-from-poultry-farms-in-south-western-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Protein Production by Bacillus Subtilis Atcc 21332 in the Presence of Cymbopogon Essential Oils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hanina%20M.%20N.">Hanina M. N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hairul%20Shahril%20M."> Hairul Shahril M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Fazrullah%20Innsan%20M.%20F."> Mohd Fazrullah Innsan M. F.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ismatul%20Nurul%20Asyikin%20I."> Ismatul Nurul Asyikin I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20A.%20K"> Abdul Jalil A. K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salina%20M.%20R."> Salina M. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20I.B."> Ahmad I.B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proteins levels produced by bacteria may be increased in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It appears that many antimicrobial agents or antibiotics, when used at low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect. There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of antibiotics or natural compounds in nature as a specific chemical signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore, this study was focusing on the effect of essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. nardus in regulating proteins production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. The Minimum Inhibition Concentrations (MICs) of both essential oils on B. subtilis were determined by using microdilution assay, resulting 0.2% and 1.56% for each C. flexuosus and C. nardus subsequently. The bacteria were further exposed to each essential oils at concentration of 0.01XMIC for 2 days. The proteins were then isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein profile showed that a band with approximate size of 250 kD was appeared for the treated bacteria with essential oils. Thus, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 in stressful condition with the presence of essential oils at low concentration could induce the protein production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20ATCC%2021332" title="Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332">Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cymbopogon%20essential%20oils" title=" Cymbopogon essential oils"> Cymbopogon essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/protein-production-by-bacillus-subtilis-atcc-21332-in-the-presence-of-cymbopogon-essential-oils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> In Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects of a 30 kDa D-Galactoside-Specific Lectin from the Demosponge, Halichondria okadai</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarkar%20M.%20A.%20Kawsar">Sarkar M. A. Kawsar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarkar%20M.%20A.%20Mamun"> Sarkar M. A. Mamun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md%20S.%20Rahman"> Md S. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hidetaro%20Yasumitsu"> Hidetaro Yasumitsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasuhiro%20Ozeki"> Yasuhiro Ozeki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study has been taken to explore the screening of in vitro antimicrobial activities of D-galactose-binding sponge lectin (HOL-30). HOL-30 was purified from the marine demosponge Halichondria okadai by affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the lectin was determined to be 30 kDa with a single polypeptide by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions. HOL-30 agglutinated trypsinized and glutaraldehydefixed rabbit and human erythrocytes with preference for type O erythrocytes. The lectin was subjected to evaluation for inhibition of microbial growth by the disc diffusion method against eleven human pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The lectin exhibited strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. However, it did not affect against gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. The largest zone of inhibition was recorded of Bacillus megaterium (12 in diameter) and Bacillus subtilis (10 mm in diameter) at a concentration of the lectin (250 μg/disc). On the other hand, the antifungal activity of the lectin was investigated against six phytopathogenic fungi based on food poisoning technique. The lectin has shown maximum inhibition (22.83%) of mycelial growth of Botrydiplodia theobromae at a concentration of 100 μg/mL media. These findings indicate that the lectin may be of importance to clinical microbiology and have therapeutic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antibacterial" title="Antibacterial">Antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Halichondria%20okadai" title=" Halichondria okadai"> Halichondria okadai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Inhibition%20zone" title=" Inhibition zone"> Inhibition zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lectin." title=" Lectin."> Lectin.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/in-vitro-antibacterial-and-antifungal-effects-of-a-30-kda-d-galactoside-specific-lectin-from-the-demosponge-halichondria-okadai" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Screening of Minimal Salt Media for Biosurfactant Production by Bacillus spp.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20M.%20Al-Wahaibi">Y. M. Al-Wahaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20N.%20Al-Bahry"> S. N. Al-Bahry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20E.%20Elshafie"> A. E. Elshafie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Al-Bemani"> A. S. Al-Bemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20J.%20Joshi"> S. J. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20K.%20Al-Bahri"> A. K. Al-Bahri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Crude oil is a major source of global energy. The major problem is its widespread use and demand resulted is in increasing environmental pollution. One associated pollution problem is ‘oil spills’. Oil spills can be remediated with the use of chemical dispersants, microbial biodegradation and microbial metabolites such as biosurfactants. Four different minimal salt media for biosurfactant production by <em>Bacillus</em> isolated from oil contaminated sites from Oman were screened. These minimal salt media were supplemented with either glucose or sucrose as a carbon source. Among the isolates, W16 and B30 produced the most active biosurfactants. Isolate W16 produced better biosurfactant than the rest, and reduced surface tension (ST) and interfacial tension (IFT) to 25.26mN/m and 2.29mN/m respectively within 48h which are characteristics for removal of oil in contaminated sites. Biosurfactant was produced in bulk and extracted using acid precipitation method. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of acid precipitate biosurfactant revealed two concentrated bands. Further studies of W16 biosurfactant in bioremediation of oil spills are recommended.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oil%20contamination" title="Oil contamination">Oil contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=remediation" title=" remediation"> remediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20spp" title=" Bacillus spp"> Bacillus spp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biosurfactant" title=" biosurfactant"> biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20tension" title=" surface tension"> surface tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interfacial%20tension." title=" interfacial tension."> interfacial tension.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/screening-of-minimal-salt-media-for-biosurfactant-production-by-bacillus-spp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3903</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Extracellular Protein Secreted by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332 in the Presence of Streptomycin Sulfate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hanina%20M.%20N.">Hanina M. N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hairul%20Shahril%20M."> Hairul Shahril M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ismatul%20Nurul%20Asyikin%20I."> Ismatul Nurul Asyikin I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20A.%20K."> Abdul Jalil A. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salina%20M.%20R."> Salina M. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maryam%20M.%20R."> Maryam M. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rosfarizan%20M."> Rosfarizan M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The extracellular proteins secreted by bacteria may be increased in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It appears that many antibiotics, when used at low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect. There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of antibiotics as a specific chemical signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of Streptomycin Sulfate in regulating extracellular proteins secreted by <em>Bacillus subtilis </em>ATCC21332. Results of Microdilution assay showed that the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of Streptomycin Sulfate on <em>B. subtilis</em> ATCC21332 was 2.5 mg/ml. The bacteria cells were then exposed to Streptomycin Sulfate at concentration of 0.01 MIC before being further incubated for 48h to 72 h. The extracellular proteins secreted were then isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Proteins profile revealed that three additional bands with approximate sizes of 30 kDa, 22 kDa and 23 kDa were appeared for the treated bacteria with Streptomycin Sulfate. Thus, <em>B. subtilis</em> ATCC21332 in stressful condition with the presence of Streptomycin Sulfate at low concentration could induce the extracellular proteins secretion.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20ATCC21332" title="Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332">Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Streptomycin%20Sulfate" title=" Streptomycin Sulfate"> Streptomycin Sulfate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extracellular%20proteins." title=" extracellular proteins."> extracellular proteins.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/extracellular-protein-secreted-by-bacillus-subtilis-atcc21332-in-the-presence-of-streptomycin-sulfate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon and Some Heavy Metal Polluted Wastewater Effluent of a Typical Refinery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Abdulsalam">S. Abdulsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20D.%20I.%20Suleiman"> A. D. I. Suleiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20M.%20Musa"> N. M. Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yusuf"> M. Yusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environment free of pollutants should be the concern of every individual but with industrialization and urbanization it is difficult to achieve. In view of achieving a pollution limited environment at low cost, a study was conducted on the use of bioremediation technology to remediate hydrocarbons and three heavy metals namely; copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) from a typical petroleum refinery wastewater in a closed system. Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics on the wastewater sample revealed that it was polluted with the aforementioned pollutants. Isolation and identification of microorganisms present in the wastewater sample revealed the presence of <em>Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>. Bioremediation experiments carried out on five batch reactors with different compositions but at same environmental conditions revealed that treatment T5 (boosted with the association of <em>Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus</em>) gave the best result in terms of oil and grease content removal (i.e. 67% in 63 days). In addition, these microorganisms were able of reducing the concentrations of heavy metals in the sample. Treatments T5, T3 (boosted with <em>Bacillus subtilis </em>only) and T4 (boosted with<em> Micrococcus luteus </em>only) gave optimum percentage uptakes of 65, 75 and 25 for Cu, Zn and Fe respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boosted" title="Boosted">Boosted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bioremediation" title=" bioremediation"> bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=closed%20system" title=" closed system"> closed system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aeration" title=" aeration"> aeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=uptake" title=" uptake"> uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wastewater." title=" wastewater."> wastewater.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/bioremediation-of-hydrocarbon-and-some-heavy-metal-polluted-wastewater-effluent-of-a-typical-refinery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Effect of Bacillus subtilis Pb6 on Growth and Gut Microflora in Clostridium perfringens Challenged Broilers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Khalique">A. Khalique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Naseem"> T. Naseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Haque"> N. Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Rasool"> Z. Rasool</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> PB6 (CloSTAT) as a probiotic in broilers. The corn-soybean based diet was divided into four treatment groups; T1 (basal diet with no probiotic and no <em>Clostridium perfringens</em>); T2 (basal diet challenged with <em>C. perfringens</em> without probiotic); T3 (basal diet challenged with <em>C. perfringens</em> having 0.05% probiotic); T4 (basal diet challenged with <em>C. perfringens</em> having 0.1% probiotic). Every treatment group had four replicates with 24 birds each. Body weight and feed intake were measured on weekly basis, while ileal bacterial count was recorded on day-28 following <em>Clostridium</em> <em>perfringens</em> challenge. The 0.1% probiotic treatment showed 7.2% increase in average feed intake (P=0.05) and 8% increase in body weight compared to T2. In 0.1% treatment body weight was 5% higher than T3 (P=0.02). It was also observed that 0.1% treatment had improved feed conversion ratio (1.77) on 6<sup>th</sup> week. No effect of treatment was observed on mortality and ileal bacterial count. The current study indicated that 0.1% use of probiotic had positive response in <em>C. perfringens</em> challenged broilers.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis%20PB6" title="Bacillus subtilis PB6">Bacillus subtilis PB6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antibiotic%20growth%20promoters" title=" antibiotic growth promoters"> antibiotic growth promoters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clostridium%20perfringens" title=" Clostridium perfringens"> Clostridium perfringens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CloSTAT" title=" CloSTAT"> CloSTAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=broilers." title=" broilers."> broilers.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/effect-of-bacillus-subtilis-pb6-on-growth-and-gut-microflora-in-clostridium-perfringens-challenged-broilers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Surface Characteristics of Bacillus megaterium and Its Adsorption Behavior onto Dolomite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20Farahat">Mohsen Farahat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tsuyoshi%20Hirajima"> Tsuyoshi Hirajima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface characteristics of Bacillus megaterium strain were investigated; zeta potential, FTIR and contact angle were measured. Surface energy components including Lifshitz-van der Waals, Hamaker constant, and acid/base components (Lewis acid/Lewis base) were calculated from the contact angle data. The results showed that the microbial cells were negatively charged over all pH regions with high values at alkaline region. A hydrophilic nature for the strain was confirmed by contact angle and free energy of adhesion between microbial cells. Adsorption affinity of the strain toward dolomite was studied at different pH values. The results showed that the cells had a high affinity to dolomite at acid pH comparing to neutral and alkaline pH. Extended DLVO theory was applied to calculate interaction energy between B. megaterium cells and dolomite particles. The adsorption results were in agreement with the results of Extended DLVO approach. Surface changes occurred on dolomite surface after the bio-treatment were monitored; contact angle decreased from 69° to 38° and the mineral’s floatability decreased from 95% to 25% after the treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20megaterium" title="Bacillus megaterium">Bacillus megaterium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20modification" title=" surface modification"> surface modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flotation" title=" flotation"> flotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dolomite" title=" dolomite"> dolomite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adhesion%20energy." title=" adhesion energy."> adhesion energy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/surface-characteristics-of-bacillus-megaterium-and-its-adsorption-behavior-onto-dolomite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2011</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Biochemical and Multiplex PCR Analysis of Toxic Crystal Proteins to Determine Genes in Bacillus thuringiensis Mutants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatma%20N.%20Talkhan">Fatma N. Talkhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20H.%20Abo-Assy"> H. H. Abo-Assy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20A.%20Soliman"> K. A. Soliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marwa%20M.%20Azzam"> Marwa M. Azzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Z.%20E.%20Abdelsalam"> A. Z. E. Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Abdel-Razek"> A. S. Abdel-Razek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The Egyptian Bacillus thuringiensis isolate (M5) produce crystal proteins that is toxic against insects was irradiated with UV light to induce mutants. Upon testing 10 of the resulting mutants for their toxicity against cotton leafworm larvae, the three mutants 62, 64 and 85 proved to be the most toxic ones. Upon testing these mutants along with their parental isolate by SDS-PAGE analysis of spores-crystals proteins as well as vegetative cells proteins, new induced bands appeared in the three mutants by UV radiation and also they showed disappearance of some other bands as compared with the wild type isolate. Multiplex PCR technique, with five sets of specific primers, was used to detect the three types of cryI genes cryIAa, cryIAb and cryIAc. Results showed that these three genes exist, as distinctive bands, in the wild type isolate (M5) as well as in mutants 62 and 85, while the mutant 64 had two distinctive bands of cryIAb and cryIAc genes, and a faint band of cryI Aa gene. Finally, these results revealed that mutant 62 is considered as the promising mutant since it is UV resistant, highly toxic against Spodoptera littoralis and active against a wide range of Lepidopteran insects.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20thuringiensis" title="Bacillus thuringiensis">Bacillus thuringiensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biological%20control" title=" biological control"> biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cry1%0D%0Agenes" title=" cry1 genes"> cry1 genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiplex%20PC" title=" multiplex PC"> multiplex PC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SDS-%20PAGE%20analysis." title=" SDS- PAGE analysis."> SDS- PAGE analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/biochemical-and-multiplex-pcr-analysis-of-toxic-crystal-proteins-to-determine-genes-in-bacillus-thuringiensis-mutants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1933</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Application of Statistical Approach for Optimizing CMCase Production by Bacillus tequilensis S28 Strain via Submerged Fermentation Using Wheat Bran as Carbon Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Sharma">A. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Tewari"> R. Tewari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20K.%20Soni"> S. K. Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Biofuels production has come forth as a future technology to combat the problem of depleting fossil fuels. Bio-based ethanol production from enzymatic lignocellulosic biomass degradation serves an efficient method and catching the eye of scientific community. High cost of the enzyme is the major obstacle in preventing the commercialization of this process. Thus main objective of the present study was to optimize composition of medium components for enhancing cellulase production by newly isolated strain of Bacillus tequilensis. Nineteen factors were taken into account using statistical Plackett-Burman Design. The significant variables influencing the cellulose production were further employed in statistical Response Surface Methodology using Central Composite Design for maximizing cellulase production. The optimum medium composition for cellulase production was: peptone (4.94 g/L), ammonium chloride (4.99 g/L), yeast extract (2.00 g/L), Tween-20 (0.53 g/L), calcium chloride (0.20 g/L) and cobalt chloride (0.60 g/L) with pH 7, agitation speed 150 rpm and 72 h incubation at 37oC. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99. Maximum cellulase productivity of 11.5 IU/ml was observed against the model predicted value of 13 IU/ml. This was found to be optimally active at 60oC and pH 5.5.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20tequilensis" title="Bacillus tequilensis">Bacillus tequilensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CMCase" title=" CMCase"> CMCase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Submerged%0D%0AFermentation" title=" Submerged Fermentation"> Submerged Fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title=" Optimization"> Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Plackett-Burman%20Design" title=" Plackett-Burman Design"> Plackett-Burman Design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Response%0D%0ASurface%20Methodology." title=" Response Surface Methodology."> Response Surface Methodology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/application-of-statistical-approach-for-optimizing-cmcase-production-by-bacillus-tequilensis-s28-strain-via-submerged-fermentation-using-wheat-bran-as-carbon-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3063</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Biosorption of Metal Ions from Sarcheshmeh Acid Mine Drainage by Immobilized Bacillus thuringiensis in a Fixed-Bed Column </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Khosravi">V. Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20D.%20Ardejani"> F. D. Ardejani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Aryafar"> A. Aryafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sedighi"> M. Sedighi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Heavy metals have a damaging impact for the environment, animals and humans due to their extreme toxicity and removing them from wastewaters is a very important and interesting task in the field of water pollution control. Biosorption is a relatively new method for treatment of wastewaters and recovery of heavy metals. In this study, a continuous fixed bed study was carried out by using <em>Bacillus</em> <em>thuringiensis</em> as a biosorbent for the removal of Cu and Mn ions from Sarcheshmeh Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). The effect of operating parameters such as flow rate and bed height on the sorption characteristics of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> was investigated at pH 6.0 for each metal ion. The experimental results showed that the breakthrough time decreased with increasing flow rate and decreasing bed height. The data also indicated that the equilibrium uptake of both metals increased with decreasing flow rate and increasing bed height. BDST, Thomas, and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves. All models were found suitable for describing the whole dynamic behavior of the column with respect to flow rate and bed height. In order to regenerate the adsorbent, an elution step was carried out with 1 M HCl and five adsorption-desorption cycles were carried out in continuous manner.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acid%20Mine%20Drainage" title="Acid Mine Drainage">Acid Mine Drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20thuringiensis" title=" Bacillus thuringiensis"> Bacillus thuringiensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biosorption" title=" Biosorption"> Biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cu%20and%20Mn%20ions" title=" Cu and Mn ions"> Cu and Mn ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fixed%20bed." title=" Fixed bed. "> Fixed bed. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/biosorption-of-metal-ions-from-sarcheshmeh-acid-mine-drainage-by-immobilized-bacillus-thuringiensis-in-a-fixed-bed-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Study of Adsorption Isotherm Models on Rare Earth Elements Biosorption for Separation Purposes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nice%20Vasconcelos%20Coimbra">Nice Vasconcelos Coimbra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F%C3%A1bio%20dos%20Santos%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Fábio dos Santos Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marisa%20Nascimento"> Marisa Nascimento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ellen%20Cristine%20Giese"> Ellen Cristine Giese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of chemical routes for the recovery and separation of rare earth elements (REE) is seen as a priority and strategic action by several countries demanding these elements. Among the possibilities of alternative routes, the biosorption process has been evaluated in our laboratory. In this theme, the present work attempts to assess and fit the solution equilibrium data in Langmuir, Freundlich and DKR isothermal models, based on the biosorption results of the lanthanum and samarium elements by <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> immobilized on calcium alginate gel. It was observed that the preference of adsorption of REE by the immobilized biomass followed the order Sm (III)> La (III). It can be concluded that among the studied isotherms models, the Langmuir model presented better mathematical results than the Freundlich and DKR models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rare%20earth%20elements" title="Rare earth elements">Rare earth elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title=" Bacillus subtilis"> Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adsorption%20isotherm%20models." title=" adsorption isotherm models. "> adsorption isotherm models. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/study-of-adsorption-isotherm-models-on-rare-earth-elements-biosorption-for-separation-purposes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">740</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> The Potential of Strain M Protease in Degradations of Protein in Natural Rubber Latex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norlin%20Pauzi">Norlin Pauzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20R.M.%20Yahya"> Ahmad R.M. Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zairossani%20Nor"> Zairossani Nor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amirul%20A.%20Abdullah"> Amirul A. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Strain M was isolated from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis that grow in the rubber farm area of Malaysia Rubber Board. Strain M was tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. Strain M demonstrated high protease production at pH 9, and this was suitable to be applied in rubber processing that was in alkaline conditions. The right and suitable proportion to be used in applying supernatant into the latex was two parts of latex and one part of enzyme. In this proportion, the latex was stable throughout the 72 hours of treatment. The potential of strain M to degrade protein in the natural rubber latex was proven with the reduction of 79.3% nitrogen in 24 hours treatment. Centrifugation process of the latex before undergoing the treatment had increased the protein degradation in latex. Although the centrifugation process did not achieve zero nitrogen content, it had improved the performance of protein denaturing in the natural rubber.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hevea%20brasiliensis" title="Hevea brasiliensis">Hevea brasiliensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20sp." title=" Bacillus sp."> Bacillus sp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=protease" title=" protease"> protease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=latex." title=" latex."> latex.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/the-potential-of-strain-m-protease-in-degradations-of-protein-in-natural-rubber-latex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Potential of γ-Polyglutamic Acid for Cadmium Toxicity Alleviation in Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Kotabin">N. Kotabin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Tahara"> Y. Tahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Issakul"> K. Issakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20Chunhachart"> O. Chunhachart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cadmium (II) (Cd) is one of the major toxic elemental pollutants, which is hazardous for humans, animals and plants. γ- Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an extracellular biopolymer produced by several species of Bacillus which has been reported to be an effective biosorbent for metal ions. The effect of γ-PGA on growth of rice grown under laboratory conditions was investigated. Rice seeds were germinated and then grown at 30±1°C on filter paper soaked with Cd solution and γ-PGA for 7 days. The result showed that Cd significantly inhibited the growth of roots, shoots by reducing root, and shoot lengths. Fresh and dry weights also decreased compared with control; however, the addition of 500 mg·L-1 γ-PGA alleviated rice seedlings from the adverse effects of Cd. The analysis of physiological traits revealed that Cd caused a decrease in the total chlorophyll and soluble protein contents and amylase activities in all treatments. The Cd content in seedling tissues increased for the Cd 250 μM treatment (P<0.05) but the addition of 500 mg·L-1 γ-PGA resulted in a noticeable decrease in Cd (P<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Polyglutamic%20acid" title="Polyglutamic acid">Polyglutamic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cadmium" title=" Cadmium"> Cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rice" title=" Rice"> Rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis." title=" Bacillus subtilis."> Bacillus subtilis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/potential-of-gh-polyglutamic-acid-for-cadmium-toxicity-alleviation-in-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5763</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Biodiversity of Plants Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane Bacteria in the Presence of Petroleum Hydrocarbons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Togzhan%20D.%20Mukasheva">Togzhan D. Mukasheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anel%20A.%20Omirbekova"> Anel A. Omirbekova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raikhan%20S.%20Sydykbekova"> Raikhan S. Sydykbekova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ramza%20Zh.%20Berzhanova"> Ramza Zh. Berzhanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lyudmila%20V.%20Ignatova"> Lyudmila V. Ignatova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Following plants-barley (Hordeum sativum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), grass mixture (red fescue-75%, long-term ryegrass - 20% Kentucky bluegrass - 10%), oilseed rape (Brassica napus biennis), resistant to growth in the contaminated soil with oil content of 15.8 g / kg 25.9 g / kg soil were used. Analysis of the population showed that the oil pollution reduces the number of bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants and enhances the amount of spore-forming bacteria and saprotrophic micromycetes. It was shown that regardless of the plant, dominance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera bacteria was typical for the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants. The frequency of bacteria of these genera was more than 60%. Oil pollution changes the ratio of occurrence of various types of bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants. Besides the Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera, in the presence of hydrocarbons in the root zone of plants dominant and most typical were the representatives of the Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus genera. Together the number was between 62% to 72%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Identification" title="Identification">Identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=micromycetes" title=" micromycetes"> micromycetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=root%20system." title=" root system."> root system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/biodiversity-of-plants-rhizosphere-and-rhizoplane-bacteria-in-the-presence-of-petroleum-hydrocarbons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1893</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Re-Examination of Louis Pasteur’s S-Shaped Flask Experiment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ming-Hua%20Fu">Ming-Hua Fu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>No negative control nor control to prevent microbes from escaping was set when the S-shaped flask experiments were performed by Pasteur. Microscope was not used to observe the media in the flasks. Louis Pasteur’s S-shaped flask experiment was re-examined by using U-shaped flasks, modified S-shaped flasks and microscope. A mixture of microbes was isolated from the room air, from which one rod-shaped<em> Bacillus</em> species with proposed name <em>Bacillus gaso-mobilis</em> sp nov and one grape-shaped<em> Staphylococcus </em>species with proposed name of <em>Staphylococcus gaso-mobilis</em> sp nov were identified. Their penicillin and ampicillin resistant strains containing plasmids were isolated. These bacteria could change color, produce odor and automatically move in the air. They did not form colonies on solid media. They had a high suspension capacity in liquid media. Their light absorbance peaked at the wave length of 320 nm.  It was concluded that there were flaws with Louis Pasteur’s S-shaped flask experiments. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gaso-mobile" title=" gaso-mobile"> gaso-mobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=re-examine" title=" re-examine"> re-examine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S-shaped%20flasks." title=" S-shaped flasks. "> S-shaped flasks. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/re-examination-of-louis-pasteurs-s-shaped-flask-experiment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2828</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Aminoreductone against Pathogenic Bacteria in Comparison with Other Antibiotics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vu%20Thu%20Trang">Vu Thu Trang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lam%20Xuan%20Thanh"> Lam Xuan Thanh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samira%20Sarter"> Samira Sarter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tomoko%20Shimamura"> Tomoko Shimamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hiroaki%20Takeuchi%E3%80%80"> Hiroaki Takeuchi　</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Antimicrobial activities of aminoreductone (AR), a product formed in the initial stage of Maillard reaction, were screened against pathogenic bacteria. A significant growth inhibition of AR against all 7 isolates<em> (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923™, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC® 14028™, Bacillus cereus ATCC® 13061™, Bacillus subtilis ATCC® 11774™, Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC® 29212™, Listeria innocua ATCC® 33090™</em>) were observed by the standard disc diffusion methods. The inhibition zone for each isolate by AR (2.5 mg) ranged from 15±0mm to 28.3±0.4mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AR ranging from 20mM to 26mM was proven in the 7 isolates tested. AR also showed the similar effect of growth inhibition in comparison with antibiotics frequently used for the treatment of infections bacteria, such as amikacin, ciprofloxacin, meropennem and levofloxacin. The results indicated that foods containing AR are valuable sources of bioactive compounds towards pathogenic bacteria.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pathogenic%20bacteria" title="Pathogenic bacteria">Pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aminoreductone" title=" aminoreductone"> aminoreductone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maillard%20reaction" title=" Maillard reaction"> Maillard reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity." title=" antimicrobial activity."> antimicrobial activity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/study-of-the-antimicrobial-activity-of-aminoreductone-against-pathogenic-bacteria-in-comparison-with-other-antibiotics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution Using a Spore Forming Bacillus Isolated from Wastewater of a Leather Factory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sh.%20Kianfar">Sh. Kianfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Moheb"> A. Moheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Ghaforian"> H. Ghaforian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics of the biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb(II) by a Spore Forming Bacillus (MGL 75) were investigated at different experimental conditions. The Langmuir and Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equilibrium adsorption models were applied to describe the biosorption of the metal ions by MGL 75 biomass. The Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the other models. Maximum adsorption capacities q max for lead (II) and cadmium (II) were found equal to 158.73mg/g and 91.74 mg/g by Langmuir model. The values of the mean free energy determined with the D-R equation showed that adsorption process is a physiosorption process. The thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) changes were also calculated, and the values indicated that the biosorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Experiment data were also used to study biosorption kinetics using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities and related correlation coefficients were calculated and discussed. The results showed that the biosorption processes of both metal ions followed well pseudo-second-order kinetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biosorption" title="biosorption">biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metal%20ion%20removal" title=" Metal ion removal"> Metal ion removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/equilibrium-kinetic-and-thermodynamic-studies-on-biosorption-of-cd-ii-and-pb-ii-from-aqueous-solution-using-a-spore-forming-bacillus-isolated-from-wastewater-of-a-leather-factory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2053</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Evaluation of Attribute II Bt Sweet Corn Resistance and Reduced-Risk Insecticide Applications for Control of Corn Earworm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Weinzierl">R. Weinzierl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Estes"> R. Estes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tinsley"> N. Tinsley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Keshlaf"> M. Keshlaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The corn earworm, <em>Helicoverpa zea </em>Boddie, is a serious pest of corn. Larval feeding in ear tips destroys kernels and allows growth of fungi and production of mycotoxins. Infested sweet corn is not marketable. Development of improved transgenic hybrids expressing insecticidal toxins from <em>Bacillus thuringiensis </em>(Bt) may limit or prevent crop losses. The effectiveness of Attribute<sup>®</sup> II Bt resistance and applications of Voliam Xpress insecticide were evaluated for effectiveness in controlling corn earworm in plots near Urbana, IL, USA, in 2013. Where no insecticides were applied, ear infestations and kernel damage in Attribute<sup>®</sup> II ‘Protector’ plots were consistently lower (near zero) than in plots of the non-Bt isoline ‘Garrison.’ Multiple applications of Voliam Xpress significantly reduced the number of corn earworm larvae and kernel damage in the Garrison plots, but infestations and damage in these plots were greater than in Protectorplots that did not receive insecticide applications. Our results indicate that Attribute<sup>®</sup> II Bt resistance is more effective than multiple applications of an insecticide for preventing losses caused by corn earworm in sweet corn.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20thuringiensis" title="Bacillus thuringiensis">Bacillus thuringiensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Helicoverpa%20zea" title=" Helicoverpa zea"> Helicoverpa zea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=insect%20pest%20management" title=" insect pest management"> insect pest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transgenic%20sweet%20corn." title=" transgenic sweet corn."> transgenic sweet corn.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/evaluation-of-attribute-ii-bt-sweet-corn-resistance-and-reduced-risk-insecticide-applications-for-control-of-corn-earworm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2222</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20licheniformis&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacillus%20licheniformis&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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