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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kimia+fulerena" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kimia+fulerena" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kimia+fulerena" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kimia+fulerena" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Keunikan_fulerena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keunikan_fulerena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Keunikan fulerena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keunikan_fulerena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis-jenis_fulerena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis-jenis_fulerena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jenis-jenis fulerena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jenis-jenis_fulerena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Jenis-jenis fulerena</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jenis-jenis_fulerena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bukminsterfulerena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bukminsterfulerena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bukminsterfulerena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bukminsterfulerena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gugus_buckyball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gugus_buckyball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gugus <i>buckyball</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gugus_buckyball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabung_nanokarbon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabung_nanokarbon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tabung nanokarbon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabung_nanokarbon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksi_fulerena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksi_fulerena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reaksi fulerena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reaksi_fulerena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Reaksi fulerena</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reaksi_fulerena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reaksi_nukleofilik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksi_nukleofilik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reaksi nukleofilik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksi_nukleofilik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrogenasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrogenasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hidrogenasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrogenasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halogenasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halogenasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Halogenasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halogenasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksi_perisiklik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksi_perisiklik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Reaksi perisiklik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksi_perisiklik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidroksilasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidroksilasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Hidroksilasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidroksilasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oksidasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oksidasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Oksidasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oksidasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksi_karben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksi_karben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Reaksi karben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksi_karben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksi_radikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksi_radikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Reaksi radikal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksi_radikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaksi_elektrofilik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaksi_elektrofilik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Reaksi elektrofilik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaksi_elektrofilik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimia fulerena</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 11 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كيمياء الفوليرين – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمياء الفوليرين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene_chemistry" title="Fullerene chemistry – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fullerene chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_de_fullerenos" title="Química de fullerenos – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Química de fullerenos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%86" title="شیمی فولرن – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیمی فولرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie_des_fuller%C3%A8nes" title="Chimie des fullerènes – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chimie des fullerènes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Фулеренска хемија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фулеренска хемија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_dos_fulerenos" title="Química dos fulerenos – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Química dos fulerenos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemija_fulerena" title="Hemija fulerena – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemija fulerena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemija_fulerena" title="Hemija fulerena – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hemija fulerena" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulleren_kimyosi" title="Fulleren kimyosi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fulleren kimyosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%8B%92%E7%83%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="富勒烯化学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="富勒烯化学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5508274#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fulerena" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Kimia_fulerena" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fulerena"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fulerena"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Kimia_fulerena" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kimia_fulerena" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&oldid=22276097" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kimia_fulerena&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5508274" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah 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kimia">sifat kimia</a> fulerena. Fulerena adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> yang memiliki pusat berongga dan terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>. Molekul ini pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 1985 oleh <a href="/wiki/Harold_Walter_Kroto" title="Harold Walter Kroto">Harold W. Koto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard E. Smalley</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Robert_Floyd_Curl" title="Robert Floyd Curl">Robert F. Curl</a> ketika menguapkan batang menggunakan laser dan menundukkan inti karbon dalam atmosfer gas <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Penelitian dalam kimia fulerena ini dibutuhkan untuk menyesuaikan sifat-sifat serta bagaimana memfungsikan fulerena. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keunikan_fulerena">Keunikan fulerena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Keunikan fulerena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keunikan fulerena"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena tersusun dari unsur murni karbon yang berjumlah 60 atom (C<sub>60</sub>) atau lebih yang terhubung oleh <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia">ikatan kimia</a> orbital sp<sup>3</sup>. Jenis fulerena yang pertama kali ditemukan dan populer adalah C<sub>60</sub> yang memiliki bentuk seperti bola sepak atau dikenal sebagai <i>buckyballs</i> atau <a href="/wiki/Bukminsterfulerena" title="Bukminsterfulerena">fulerena Buckminster</a>. Ada juga yang berbentuk seperti tabung, disebut sebagai <i>nanotube</i> dengan ujung yang tertutup. Meskipun fulerena memiliki bentuk yang bervariasi, semuanya memiliki inti berongga seperti bola sepak<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Fulerena bersifat <a href="/wiki/Insulator_listrik" title="Insulator listrik">isolator</a> jika dilihat dari sifat penghantar listrik. Namun, molekul ini dapat bersifat sebagai logam jika pada suhu ruangan <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a> dimasukkan ke dalamnya. Sedangkan pada suhu dan tekanan yang tinggi, fulerena dapat bersifat sebagai magnet<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis-jenis_fulerena">Jenis-jenis fulerena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis-jenis fulerena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis-jenis fulerena"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jenis-jenis fulerena itu berbeda tergantung pada sifat dan aplikasinya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bukminsterfulerena">Bukminsterfulerena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Bukminsterfulerena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bukminsterfulerena"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bukminsterfulerena" title="Bukminsterfulerena">Bukminsterfulerena</a> merupakan molekul terkecil fulerena dalam bentuk C<sub>60</sub>, berisi cincin <a href="/wiki/Segi_lima" title="Segi lima">pentagonal</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Heksagon" class="mw-redirect" title="Heksagon">heksagonal</a> dan tidak terdapat dua pentagon yang berbagi tepi. Struktur dari molekul jenis ini berbentuk ikosahedral terpotong dengan dasar <a href="/wiki/Poligon" title="Poligon">poligon</a> segitiga (<a href="/wiki/Trigon" title="Trigon">trigon</a>) yang beraturan<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Dalam jenis ini, ada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterofulerena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterofulerena (halaman belum tersedia)">heterofulerena</a> yang berbentuk tabung dan memiliki <a href="/wiki/Heteroatom" title="Heteroatom">heteroatom</a> yang menggantikan karbon. Lalu, ada yang molekulnya terdiri dari atom logam dan terperangkap di dalam tabung fulerena, dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallofulerena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallofulerena (halaman belum tersedia)">metallofulerena</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gugus_buckyball">Gugus <i>buckyball</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Gugus buckyball" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gugus buckyball"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fulerena" title="Fulerena"><i>Buckyball</i></a> merupakan fulerena versi takjenuh dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodekahedra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodekahedra (halaman belum tersedia)">dodekahedra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polihedron" title="Polihedron">polihedron</a> yang memiliki 12 wajah dan 30 sisi). Jenis ini juga termasuk pada molekul terkecil dari fulerena dengan rumus struktur C<sub>20</sub><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabung_nanokarbon">Tabung nanokarbon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Tabung nanokarbon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tabung nanokarbon"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabung_nanokarbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabung nanokarbon (halaman belum tersedia)">Tabung nanokarbon</a> berbentuk tabung silinder dengan dimensi yang sangat kecil dan lebar yang paling kecil hanya beberapa nanometer. Tergantung sifatnya, bentuk tabung silinder <i>nanotube</i> ada yang terbuka dan tertutup. Karena struktur molekulnya yang unik, beberapa tabung nanokarbon memiliki sifat makroskopik seperti <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konduktivitas listrik">konduktivitas</a> (kemampuan suatu bahan untuk menghantarkan) listrik dan panas, daya tarik yang tinggi, inaktivitas kimia yang relatif, serta <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">daktilitas</a> (kemampuan suatu molekul untuk merenggang tanpa mengurangi kekuatan) tinggi<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><i>Megatube</i> adalah bentuk lain dengan diameter yang lebih besar dan dinding ketebalan yang berbeda dari tabung nano<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaksi_fulerena">Reaksi fulerena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi fulerena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi fulerena"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena biasanya bereaksi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Elektrofil" title="Elektrofil">elektrofil</a> atau berperan sebagai penerima <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksi_nukleofilik">Reaksi nukleofilik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi nukleofilik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi nukleofilik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penambahan <a href="/wiki/Karbanion" title="Karbanion">nukleofilik</a> atau karbanion pada sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Nukleofil" title="Nukleofil">nukleofil</a> akan membuat fulerena bereaksi sebagai elektrofil. Contoh dari reaksi nukleofilik adalah <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_Grignard" title="Reaksi Grignard">pereaksi Grignard</a>, pereaksi organolitium, dan reaksi Bingel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrogenasi">Hidrogenasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Hidrogenasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hidrogenasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena dapat di<a href="/wiki/Hidrogenasi" title="Hidrogenasi">hidrogenasi</a> dengan beberapa metode. Dodecahedrane dengan struktur C20H20 diketahui sebagai fulerena perhidrogenasi terkecil yang diketahui. Fulerena yang terhidrogenasi tinggi cenderung tidak stabil karena menghasilkan fragmentasi sangkar dan menyebabkan terbentuknya <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbon_aromatik_polisiklik" title="Hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik">hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik</a> serta runtuhnya struktur sangkar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenasi">Halogenasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Halogenasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Halogenasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena dapat bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a>, yaitu unsur <a href="/wiki/Nonlogam" title="Nonlogam">nonlogam</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Deret_reaktivitas" title="Deret reaktivitas">reaktif</a> saat menerima elektron. Pada penambahan C60 untuk kelompok kecil akan dihitung 1,9 dan untuk kelompok besar menjadi 1,7. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksi_perisiklik">Reaksi perisiklik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi perisiklik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi perisiklik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_perisiklik" title="Reaksi perisiklik">Reaksi perisiklik</a> yang juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_Diels-Alder" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaksi Diels-Alder">reaksi Diels-Alder</a> atau reaksi poliena adalah reaksi kimia organik antara <a href="/wiki/Diena" title="Diena">diena</a> yang terkonjugasi dan <a href="/wiki/Alkena" title="Alkena">alkena</a> yang tersubstitusi. Pada umumnya reaksi itu dinamakan dienofil yang membentuk <a href="/wiki/Sikloheksana" title="Sikloheksana">sikloheksena</a> tersubstitusi<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidroksilasi">Hidroksilasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Hidroksilasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hidroksilasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena dapat di<a href="/wiki/Hidroksilasi" title="Hidroksilasi">hidroksilasi</a> atau memasukkan gugus <a href="/wiki/Hidroksil" title="Hidroksil">hidroksil</a> sehingga menjadi fulerenol atau fulerol. Jumlah gugus hidroksil yang dapat terikat menentukan kelarutan fulerena dalam air. Jumlah maksimum yang biasanya digunakan adalah 36-40<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oksidasi">Oksidasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Oksidasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Oksidasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reaksi <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">oksidasi</a> adalah reaksi pengikatan oksigen dan lebih sulit daripada reaksi reduksi. Oksidasi fulerena dapat terjadi dengan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Osmium_tetroksida" title="Osmium tetroksida">osmium tetraoksida</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksi_karben">Reaksi karben</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi karben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi karben"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena bereaksi dengan karben yang merupakan molekul mengandung atom karbon netral akan menjadi methanofullerene. Sedangkan reaksi fulerena dengan dichlorocarbene pertama kali diketahui pada tahun 1993. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksi_radikal">Reaksi radikal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi radikal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi radikal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena dapat dikatakan sebagai molekul yang mengumpulkan unsur radikal. Dengan radikal <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon">hidrokarbon</a> yang sederhana seperti radikal tersier-butil yang dapat diperoleh dengan metode <a href="/wiki/Dekomposisi_termal" title="Dekomposisi termal">termolisis</a> (penguraian melalui pemanasan) atau <a href="/wiki/Fotolisis" title="Fotolisis">fotolisis</a> (proses pemecahan air oleh cahaya) dari prekursor yang sesuai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaksi_elektrofilik">Reaksi elektrofilik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi elektrofilik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi elektrofilik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fulerena juga bereaksi dalam penambahan elektrofilik yang basanya terjadi pada banyak senyawa yang mengandung karbon ikatan rangkap atau alkena. Reaksinya dengan <a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">bromin</a> bahkan dapat menambahkan 24 atom bromin<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fulerena&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fuchs, Marian; Barnes, Korry; Cena, Christianlly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/fullerenes-definition-structure-examples.html">"Fullerene Overview & Structure | What are Fullerenes?"</a>. <i>study.com</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=study.com&rft.atitle=Fullerene+Overview+%26+Structure+%7C+What+are+Fullerenes%3F&rft.aulast=Fuchs&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Korry&rft.au=Cena%2C+Christianlly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Ffullerenes-definition-structure-examples.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fuchs, Marian; Barnes, Korry; Cena, Christianlly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/fullerenes-definition-structure-examples.html">"Fullerene Overview and Structure"</a>. <i>study.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=study.com&rft.atitle=Fullerene+Overview+and+Structure&rft.aulast=Fuchs&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Korry&rft.au=Cena%2C+Christianlly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Ffullerenes-definition-structure-examples.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nuryadi, Ratno (9 Agustus 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kimianet.lipi.go.id/utama.cgi?cetakartikel&1100397802">"Fullerene, Material Unik Harapan Masa Depan"</a>. <i>www.kimianet.lipi.go.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kimianet.lipi.go.id&rft.atitle=Fullerene%2C+Material+Unik+Harapan+Masa+Depan&rft.date=2004-08-09&rft.aulast=Nuryadi&rft.aufirst=Ratno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kimianet.lipi.go.id%2Futama.cgi%3Fcetakartikel%261100397802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mittal, Shishir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://byjus.com/jee/fullerene/">"Fullerene"</a>. <i>BYJUS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BYJUS&rft.atitle=Fullerene&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Shishir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbyjus.com%2Fjee%2Ffullerene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mittal, Shishir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://byjus.com/jee/fullerene/">"Fullerene - Definition, Properties, Fullerene Structure, Uses, Production"</a>. <i>BYJUS</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BYJUS&rft.atitle=Fullerene+-+Definition%2C+Properties%2C+Fullerene+Structure%2C+Uses%2C+Production&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Shishir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbyjus.com%2Fjee%2Ffullerene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mittal, Shishri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://byjus.com/jee/fullerene/">"Fullerene - Definition, Properties, Fullerene Structure, Uses, Production"</a>. <i>BYJUS</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BYJUS&rft.atitle=Fullerene+-+Definition%2C+Properties%2C+Fullerene+Structure%2C+Uses%2C+Production&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Shishri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbyjus.com%2Fjee%2Ffullerene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Aqel, Ahmad; El-Nour, Kholoud M.M Abou; Ammar, Reda A.A.; Al-Warthan, Abdulrahman (Januari 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535210001747">"Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation"</a>. <i>ScienceDirect</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceDirect&rft.atitle=Carbon+nanotubes%2C+science+and+technology+part+%28I%29+structure%2C+synthesis+and+characterisation&rft.date=2012-01&rft.aulast=Aqel&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft.au=El-Nour%2C+Kholoud+M.M+Abou&rft.au=Ammar%2C+Reda+A.A.&rft.au=Al-Warthan%2C+Abdulrahman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1878535210001747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mittal, Shishir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://byjus.com/jee/fullerene/">"Fullerene - Definition, Properties, Fullerene Structure, Uses, Production"</a>. <i>BYJUS</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BYJUS&rft.atitle=Fullerene+-+Definition%2C+Properties%2C+Fullerene+Structure%2C+Uses%2C+Production&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Shishir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbyjus.com%2Fjee%2Ffullerene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wijayati, Nanik; Kusumawardhana, Samuel Budi; Mursiti, Sri; Alighiri, Dante; Prasetya, Agung Tri (Desember 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lmsspada.kemdikbud.go.id/pluginfile.php/110006/mod_resource/content/1/perisiklik.pdf"><i>Modul Digital Kimia Organik Fisik</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Semarang: UNNES Press. hlm. 145 dan 147. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-285-263-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-285-263-6">978-602-285-263-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modul+Digital+Kimia+Organik+Fisik&rft.place=Semarang&rft.pages=145+dan+147&rft.pub=UNNES+Press&rft.date=2020-12&rft.isbn=978-602-285-263-6&rft.aulast=Wijayati&rft.aufirst=Nanik&rft.au=Kusumawardhana%2C+Samuel+Budi&rft.au=Mursiti%2C+Sri&rft.au=Alighiri%2C+Dante&rft.au=Prasetya%2C+Agung+Tri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flmsspada.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fpluginfile.php%2F110006%2Fmod_resource%2Fcontent%2F1%2Fperisiklik.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|first6=</code> tanpa <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|last6=</code> di Authors list (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#first_missing_last" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|first7=</code> tanpa <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|last7=</code> di Authors list (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#first_missing_last" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fullerene_chemistry&oldid=1065500763">"Fullerene chemistry"</a>. <i>Wikipedia</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 13 Januari 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Fullerene+chemistry&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFullerene_chemistry%26oldid%3D1065500763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fullerene_chemistry&oldid=1065500763">"Fullerene chemistry"</a>. <i>Wikipedia</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 13 Januari 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Fullerene+chemistry&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFullerene_chemistry%26oldid%3D1065500763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+fulerena" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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