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height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Rechercher </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1856</h1> <div class="tagline"> année du XIXe siècle </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Langue </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=1856&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet 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metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> Cette page concerne l'année 1856 (MDCCCLVI en chiffres romains) du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>. </div> </div> L'année 1856 est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_bissextile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Année bissextile">année bissextile</a> qui <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_bissextile_commen%C3%A7ant_un_mardi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Année bissextile commençant un mardi">commence un mardi</a>. <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div> Chronologies </div> </div> <div class="images"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Congresso_di_Parigi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Congresso_di_Parigi.jpg/220px-Congresso_di_Parigi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Congresso_di_Parigi.jpg/330px-Congresso_di_Parigi.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Congresso_di_Parigi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="317"></a> </div> <div class="legend"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 février">25 février</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 avril">8 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1856)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Paris (1856)">conférence de Paris</a>. </div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1853?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1853">1853</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1854?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1854">1854</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1855?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1855">1855</a>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856</a>  <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1857?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1857">1857</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1858?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1858">1858</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1859?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1859">1859</a> Décennies : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1820?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1820">1820</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1830?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1830">1830</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1840?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1840">1840</a>  <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1850">1850</a>  <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1860?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1860">1860</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1870">1870</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1880?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1880">1880</a> Siècles : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XVIIe siècle">XVIIe</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIIIe</a>  <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIXe siècle">XIXe</a>  <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXe siècle">XXe</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXIe siècle">XXIe</a> Millénaires : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-Ier</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier millénaire">Ier</a>  <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIe millénaire">IIe</a>  <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIIe millénaire">IIIe</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chronologies par zone géographique">Chronologies géographiques</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r222902168">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavContent{display:block;margin:0;text-align:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{padding:2px;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavPic{padding:2px;float:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavEnd{height:0;clear:both}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}</style> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Afrique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Afrique (page inexistante)">Afrique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Afrique_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Afrique du Sud (page inexistante)">Afrique du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Alg%C3%A9rie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Algérie (page inexistante)">Algérie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Angola (page inexistante)">Angola</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_B%C3%A9nin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Bénin (page inexistante)">Bénin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Botswana (page inexistante)">Botswana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Burkina Faso (page inexistante)">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Burundi (page inexistante)">Burundi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Cameroun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Cameroun (page inexistante)">Cameroun</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Cap-Vert&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Cap-Vert (page inexistante)">Cap-Vert</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_R%C3%A9publique_centrafricaine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en République centrafricaine (page inexistante)">République centrafricaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Comores&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Comores (page inexistante)">Comores</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_R%C3%A9publique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en République du Congo (page inexistante)">République du Congo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en République démocratique du Congo (page inexistante)">République démocratique du Congo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_C%C3%B4te_d'Ivoire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Côte d'Ivoire (page inexistante)">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Djibouti (page inexistante)">Djibouti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_%C3%89gypte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Égypte (page inexistante)">Égypte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_%C3%89rythr%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Érythrée (page inexistante)">Érythrée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_%C3%89thiopie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Éthiopie (page inexistante)">Éthiopie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Gabon (page inexistante)">Gabon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Gambie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Gambie (page inexistante)">Gambie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Ghana (page inexistante)">Ghana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Guinée (page inexistante)">Guinée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Guin%C3%A9e-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Guinée-Bissau (page inexistante)">Guinée-Bissau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Guinée équatoriale (page inexistante)">Guinée équatoriale</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Kenya (page inexistante)">Kenya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Lesotho (page inexistante)">Lesotho</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Liberia (page inexistante)">Liberia</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Libye&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Libye (page inexistante)">Libye</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Madagascar (page inexistante)">Madagascar</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Malawi (page inexistante)">Malawi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Mali (page inexistante)">Mali</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Mauritanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Mauritanie (page inexistante)">Mauritanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Maurice_(pays)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Maurice (pays) (page inexistante)">Maurice</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Maroc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Maroc (page inexistante)">Maroc</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Mozambique (page inexistante)">Mozambique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Namibie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Namibie (page inexistante)">Namibie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Niger (page inexistante)">Niger</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Nigeria (page inexistante)">Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Ouganda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Ouganda (page inexistante)">Ouganda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Rwanda (page inexistante)">Rwanda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Sahara_occidental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Sahara occidental (page inexistante)">Sahara occidental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Sao_Tom%C3%A9-et-Principe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Sao Tomé-et-Principe (page inexistante)">Sao Tomé-et-Principe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Sénégal (page inexistante)">Sénégal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Seychelles (page inexistante)">Seychelles</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Sierra Leone (page inexistante)">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Somalie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Somalie (page inexistante)">Somalie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Soudan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Soudan (page inexistante)">Soudan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Soudan_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Soudan du Sud (page inexistante)">Soudan du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Swaziland&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Swaziland (page inexistante)">Swaziland</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Tanzanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Tanzanie (page inexistante)">Tanzanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Tchad&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Tchad (page inexistante)">Tchad</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Togo (page inexistante)">Togo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Tunisie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Tunisie (page inexistante)">Tunisie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Zambie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Zambie (page inexistante)">Zambie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Zimbabwe (page inexistante)">Zimbabwe</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_par_pays_en_Am%C3%A9rique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 par pays en Amérique (page inexistante)">Amérique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Antigua-et-Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Antigua-et-Barbuda (page inexistante)">Antigua-et-Barbuda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Argentine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Argentine (page inexistante)">Argentine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Bahamas (page inexistante)">Bahamas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_la_Barbade&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à la Barbade (page inexistante)">Barbade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Belize (page inexistante)">Belize</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Bolivie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Bolivie (page inexistante)">Bolivie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Br%C3%A9sil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Brésil (page inexistante)">Brésil</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_au_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 au Canada">Canada</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_au_Nouveau-Brunswick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 au Nouveau-Brunswick">Nouveau-Brunswick</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Qu%C3%A9bec&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Québec (page inexistante)">Québec</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Chili&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Chili (page inexistante)">Chili</a> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Colombie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Colombie (page inexistante)">Colombie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Costa Rica (page inexistante)">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Cuba (page inexistante)">Cuba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en République dominicaine (page inexistante)">République dominicaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_la_Dominique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à la Dominique (page inexistante)">Dominique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_%C3%89quateur&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Équateur (page inexistante)">Équateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 aux États-Unis">États-Unis</a> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_la_Grenade&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à la Grenade (page inexistante)">Grenade</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Guatemala (page inexistante)">Guatemala</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Guyana (page inexistante)">Guyana</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Ha%C3%AFti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Haïti (page inexistante)">Haïti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Honduras (page inexistante)">Honduras</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Jama%C3%AFque&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Jamaïque (page inexistante)">Jamaïque</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Mexique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Mexique (page inexistante)">Mexique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Nicaragua (page inexistante)">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Panama (page inexistante)">Panama</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Paraguay (page inexistante)">Paraguay</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_P%C3%A9rou&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Pérou (page inexistante)">Pérou</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Saint-Christophe-et-Ni%C3%A9v%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès (page inexistante)">Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines (page inexistante)">Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Sainte-Lucie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Sainte-Lucie (page inexistante)">Sainte-Lucie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Salvador (page inexistante)">Salvador</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Suriname (page inexistante)">Suriname</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Trinit%C3%A9-et-Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Trinité-et-Tobago (page inexistante)">Trinité-et-Tobago</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Uruguay (page inexistante)">Uruguay</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Venezuela (page inexistante)">Venezuela</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_par_pays_en_Asie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 par pays en Asie (page inexistante)">Asie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Afghanistan (page inexistante)">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Arabie_saoudite&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Arabie saoudite (page inexistante)">Arabie saoudite</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Bahre%C3%AFn&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Bahreïn (page inexistante)">Bahreïn</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Bangladesh (page inexistante)">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Bhoutan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Bhoutan (page inexistante)">Bhoutan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Birmanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Birmanie (page inexistante)">Birmanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Brunei (page inexistante)">Brunei</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Cambodge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Cambodge (page inexistante)">Cambodge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Chine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Chine (page inexistante)">Chine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Corée du Nord (page inexistante)">Corée du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Corée du Sud (page inexistante)">Corée du Sud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_%C3%89mirats_arabes_unis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Émirats arabes unis (page inexistante)">Émirats arabes unis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Inde&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Inde (page inexistante)">Inde</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Irak (page inexistante)">Irak</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Iran (page inexistante)">Iran</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Isra%C3%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Israël (page inexistante)">Israël</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Japon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Japon (page inexistante)">Japon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Jordanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Jordanie (page inexistante)">Jordanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Kirghizistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Kirghizistan (page inexistante)">Kirghizistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Kurdistan (page inexistante)">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Kowe%C3%AFt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Koweït (page inexistante)">Koweït</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Laos (page inexistante)">Laos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Liban&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Liban (page inexistante)">Liban</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Malaisie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Malaisie (page inexistante)">Malaisie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Maldives (page inexistante)">Maldives</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Mongolie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Mongolie (page inexistante)">Mongolie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_N%C3%A9pal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Népal (page inexistante)">Népal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Oman (page inexistante)">Oman</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Ouzb%C3%A9kistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Ouzbékistan (page inexistante)">Ouzbékistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Pakistan (page inexistante)">Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Palestine (page inexistante)">Palestine</a> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Philippines (page inexistante)">Philippines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_par_pays_au_Proche-Orient&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 par pays au Proche-Orient (page inexistante)">Proche-Orient</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Qatar (page inexistante)">Qatar</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Russie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Russie (page inexistante)">Russie</a> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Singapour&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Singapour (page inexistante)">Singapour</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Sri Lanka (page inexistante)">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Syrie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Syrie (page inexistante)">Syrie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Tadjikistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Tadjikistan (page inexistante)">Tadjikistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Ta%C3%AFwan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Taïwan (page inexistante)">Taïwan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Tha%C3%AFlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Thaïlande (page inexistante)">Thaïlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Turkm%C3%A9nistan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Turkménistan (page inexistante)">Turkménistan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Viêt Nam (page inexistante)">Viêt Nam</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Y%C3%A9men&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Yémen (page inexistante)">Yémen</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Europe (page inexistante)">Europe</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Allemagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Allemagne (page inexistante)">Allemagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Albanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Albanie (page inexistante)">Albanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Andorre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Andorre (page inexistante)">Andorre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Autriche&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Autriche (page inexistante)">Autriche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en Belgique">Belgique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Bi%C3%A9lorussie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Biélorussie (page inexistante)">Biélorussie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Bosnie-Herzégovine (page inexistante)">Bosnie-Herzégovine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Bulgarie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Bulgarie (page inexistante)">Bulgarie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Croatie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Croatie (page inexistante)">Croatie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Danemark&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Danemark (page inexistante)">Danemark</a> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Espagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Espagne (page inexistante)">Espagne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Estonie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Estonie (page inexistante)">Estonie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Finlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Finlande (page inexistante)">Finlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en France">France</a> (, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_Lorraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en Lorraine">Lorraine</a> et ), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_Gr%C3%A8ce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en Grèce">Grèce</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Hongrie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Hongrie (page inexistante)">Hongrie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Irlande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Irlande (page inexistante)">Irlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Islande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Islande (page inexistante)">Islande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en Italie">Italie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Kosovo (page inexistante)">Kosovo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Lettonie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Lettonie (page inexistante)">Lettonie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Liechtenstein (page inexistante)">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Lituanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Lituanie (page inexistante)">Lituanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Luxembourg (page inexistante)">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Macédoine du Nord (page inexistante)">Macédoine du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Malte&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Malte (page inexistante)">Malte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Moldavie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Moldavie (page inexistante)">Moldavie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Monaco (page inexistante)">Monaco</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Monténégro (page inexistante)">Monténégro</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Norv%C3%A8ge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Norvège (page inexistante)">Norvège</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Pays-Bas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Pays-Bas (page inexistante)">Pays-Bas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Pologne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Pologne (page inexistante)">Pologne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Portugal (page inexistante)">Portugal</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Roumanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Roumanie (page inexistante)">Roumanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Royaume-Uni&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Royaume-Uni (page inexistante)">Royaume-Uni</a> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Russie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Russie (page inexistante)">Russie</a> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Saint-Marin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Saint-Marin (page inexistante)">Saint-Marin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Serbie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Serbie (page inexistante)">Serbie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Slovaquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Slovaquie (page inexistante)">Slovaquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Slov%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Slovénie (page inexistante)">Slovénie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Su%C3%A8de&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Suède (page inexistante)">Suède</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en Suisse">Suisse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Tch%C3%A9quie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Tchéquie (page inexistante)">Tchéquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Ukraine (page inexistante)">Ukraine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Vatican&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Vatican (page inexistante)">Vatican</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_par_pays_en_Oc%C3%A9anie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 par pays en Océanie (page inexistante)">Océanie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Australie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Australie (page inexistante)">Australie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_%C3%8Eles_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Îles Cook (page inexistante)">Îles Cook</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_%C3%89tats_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Micron%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux États fédérés de Micronésie (page inexistante)">États fédérés de Micronésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Fidji&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Fidji (page inexistante)">Fidji</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_%C3%8Eles_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Îles Marshall (page inexistante)">Îles Marshall</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Nauru (page inexistante)">Nauru</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_%C3%A0_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 à Niue (page inexistante)">Niue</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Nouvelle-Zélande (page inexistante)">Nouvelle-Zélande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Palaos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Palaos (page inexistante)">Palaos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée (page inexistante)">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Kiribati (page inexistante)">Kiribati</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_%C3%8Eles_Salomon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Îles Salomon (page inexistante)">Îles Salomon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Samoa (page inexistante)">Samoa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Samoa_am%C3%A9ricaines&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Samoa américaines (page inexistante)">Samoa américaines</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Tonga (page inexistante)">Tonga</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_aux_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 aux Tuvalu (page inexistante)">Tuvalu</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_au_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 au Vanuatu (page inexistante)">Vanuatu</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_les_mers_et_oc%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans les mers et océans (page inexistante)">Mers et océans</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_la_Manche&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans la Manche (page inexistante)">Manche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_mer_Baltique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en mer Baltique (page inexistante)">Mer Baltique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_mer_des_Cara%C3%AFbes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en mer des Caraïbes (page inexistante)">Mer des Caraïbes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_mer_Caspienne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en mer Caspienne (page inexistante)">Mer Caspienne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en mer Méditerranée (page inexistante)">Mer Méditerranée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_mer_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en mer du Nord (page inexistante)">Mer du Nord</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_mer_Noire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en mer Noire (page inexistante)">Mer Noire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_mer_Rouge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en mer Rouge (page inexistante)">Mer Rouge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Arctique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans l'océan Arctique (page inexistante)">Océan Arctique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Atlantique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans l'océan Atlantique (page inexistante)">Océan Atlantique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Austral&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans l'océan Austral (page inexistante)">Océan Austral</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Indien&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans l'océan Indien (page inexistante)">Océan Indien</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_l'oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans l'océan Pacifique (page inexistante)">Océan Pacifique</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_Antarctique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en Antarctique (page inexistante)">Antarctique</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_art&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en art (page inexistante)">Art</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_arts_plastiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en arts plastiques">Arts plastiques</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_dessin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en dessin (page inexistante)">Dessin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_gravure&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en gravure (page inexistante)">Gravure</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_lithographie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en lithographie (page inexistante)">Lithographie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_peinture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en peinture (page inexistante)">Peinture</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_sculpture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en sculpture (page inexistante)">Sculpture</a>), (), (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en littérature">Littérature</a> (), Musique (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_musique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en musique">Populaire</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_musique_classique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en musique classique">Classique</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_photographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en photographie">Photographie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_au_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 au théâtre">Théâtre</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_ing%C3%A9nierie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en ingénierie (page inexistante)">Ingénierie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_dans_les_chemins_de_fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 dans les chemins de fer">Chemins de fer</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Liste_des_accidents_ferroviaires_en_France_en_1856&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Liste des accidents ferroviaires en France en 1856 (page inexistante)">Accidents ferroviaires en France</a>), () et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_les_parcs_de_loisirs&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans les parcs de loisirs (page inexistante)">Parcs de loisirs</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_politique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en politique (page inexistante)">Politique</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_droit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en droit">Droit</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_d%27%C3%A9lections_en_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste d'élections en 1856">Élections</a> et () </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_le_bouddhisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans le bouddhisme (page inexistante)">Bouddhisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_le_christianisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans le christianisme (page inexistante)">Christianisme</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_dans_le_catholicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 dans le catholicisme">Catholicisme</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_le_protestantisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans le protestantisme (page inexistante)">Protestantisme</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_l'hindouisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans l'hindouisme (page inexistante)">Hindouisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_l'islam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans l'islam (page inexistante)">Islam</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_dans_le_juda%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 dans le judaïsme (page inexistante)">Judaïsme</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r222902168"> <div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en science">Science</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_arch%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en archéologie (page inexistante)">Archéologie</a>, (), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_biologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en biologie (page inexistante)">Biologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_chimie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en chimie (page inexistante)">Chimie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_climatologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en climatologie (page inexistante)">Climatologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_exploration&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en exploration (page inexistante)">Exploration</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_g%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en géologie (page inexistante)">Géologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_histoire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en histoire (page inexistante)">Histoire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_math%C3%A9matiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en mathématiques">Mathématiques</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_pal%C3%A9ontologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1856 en paléontologie">Paléontologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_physique&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en physique (page inexistante)">Physique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_psychologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en psychologie (page inexistante)">Psychologie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_sociologie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en sociologie (page inexistante)">Sociologie</a> </div> <div class="NavEnd">   </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1856&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Décès en 1856 (page inexistante)">Décès</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856_en_journalisme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1856 en journalisme (page inexistante)">Journalisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Naissance_en_1856&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Naissance en 1856 (page inexistante)">Naissance</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856_en_philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856 en philosophie">Philosophie</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> Calendriers </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_chinois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_julien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_hindou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_persan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D1856%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89v%C3%A9nements">1 Événements</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afrique">1.1 Afrique</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afrique_du_Nord">1.1.1 Afrique du Nord</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Am%C3%A9rique">1.2 Amérique</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Asie_et_Pacifique">1.3 Asie et Pacifique</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Europe">1.4 Europe</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Naissances_en_1856">2 Naissances en 1856</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1856">3 Décès en 1856</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences">4 Notes et références</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes">5 Liens externes</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Événements">Événements</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Afrique">Afrique</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Afrique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 janvier">7 janvier</a> : fin de la présidence de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Jenkins_Roberts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Jenkins Roberts">Joseph Jenkins Roberts</a>, le premier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sidents_du_Lib%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Présidents du Libéria">président du Liberia</a>. Stephen Allen Benson lui succède<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 janvier">14 janvier</a> : traité entre les Britanniques et les rois Bell et Akwa pour installer une cour d’équité à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douala">Duala</a>, au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cameroun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cameroun">Cameroun</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janvier_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Janvier 1856">Janvier</a> : début de la première des six expéditions de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Belloni_Du_Chaillu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Belloni Du Chaillu">Du Chaillu</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> et jusqu’aux sources de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ogooué">Ogooué</a> (janvier-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1856-04" data-sort-value="1856-04">avril 1856</time>, juillet-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1856-08" data-sort-value="1856-08">août 1856</time>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1857-02-05" data-sort-value="1857-02-05">5 février 1857</time>-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1858-08" data-sort-value="1858-08">août 1858</time>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1858-10" data-sort-value="1858-10">octobre 1858</time>-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1859-01-01" data-sort-value="1859-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> janvier 1859</time>, février-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1859-05" data-sort-value="1859-05">mai 1859</time>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1863?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1863">1863</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1865?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1865">1865</a>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 avril">4 avril</a> : extension du protectorat britannique en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te-de-l%27Or_(colonie_britannique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-de-l'Or (colonie britannique)">Gold Coast</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> à l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akuapim_sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akuapim sud">Akwapim</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manya_Krobo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manya Krobo">Krobo</a> et à Krepi.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg/170px-Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="721"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 282px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg/170px-Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="282" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg/255px-Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg/340px-Nongqawuse_and_Nonkosi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Nonkosi et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nongqawuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nongqawuse">Nongqawuse</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avril_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avril 1856">Avril</a> : prophétie d’une jeune fille <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xhosa_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xhosa (peuple)">xhosa</a> de seize ans, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nongqawuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nongqawuse">Nongqawuse</a>, qui déclare avoir eu des visions et être chargé d’un message d’émancipation. Des troupes invincibles venus d’au-delà des mers viendraient bientôt aider les Xhosa à chasser les Britanniques. Les voix ordonnent également de ne plus cultiver la terre, de détruire les récoltes, de tuer et manger le bétail<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a>. Sa prophétie exprime les rumeurs suscitées par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Crim%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Crimée">guerre de Crimée</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1854?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1854">1854</a> qui fait penser aux Xhosa que les Russes vont les aider à combattre les Britanniques. Les Xhosa abattent de 150 000 à 400 000 têtes de bétail. La famine consécutive provoque la mort de 20 000 à 30 000 personnes ; 30 000 autres sont réduites à la mendicité. Sur une population de 100 000 à 150 000, il ne reste que 30 000 survivants sur les terres xhosa. Les colons blancs occupent les terres libérées et emploient les éleveurs xhosa, ruinés et résignés.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> : prise de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diabigu%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diabigué">Diabigué</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oumar_Tall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oumar Tall">Oumar Tall</a> soumet les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diawaras?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diawaras">Diawara Sogone</a>, les Peuls du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Diarra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Diarra">Kingui</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bakhounou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bakhounou">Bakhounou</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Konar%C3%A9-7">[7]</a>. Il achève la conquête du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_bambara_du_Kaarta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume bambara du Kaarta">royaume bambara du Kaarta</a> et réprime sévèrement les révoltes.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 juillet">5 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abolition_de_l%E2%80%99esclavage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolition de l’esclavage">abolition de l’esclavage</a> par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> dans une partie de l’Angola<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 août">9 août</a> : victoire de Alpha Oumar, général d’Oumar Tall, à la bataille de Kassakeri sur l’armée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_du_Macina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire du Macina">Macina</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Konar%C3%A9-7">[7]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 août">19 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oumar_Tall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oumar Tall">Oumar Tall</a> s’empare de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diangount%C3%A9_Camara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diangounté Camara">Diangounté</a> où s’est réfugié Karounga Diawara, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Diarra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Diarra">roi du Diarra</a> ; ce dernier s’enfuit à nouveau et les troupes d’Oumar Tall refluent vers l’ouest<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 août">25 août</a> : arrivée du missionnaire britannique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Ellis_(missionnaire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Ellis (missionnaire)">William Ellis</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antananarivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antananarivo">Tananarive</a>. Expulsés de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madagascar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1828?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1828">1828</a> par la reine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranavalona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranavalona">Ranavalona <abbr class="abbr" title="première">Ire</abbr></a>, les Britanniques commencent à s'y réinstaller. La rivalité avec les Français se développe, et les Britanniques réussissent, après les avoir fait accuser de complot contre la reine, à faire expulser leurs rivaux pour une brève période (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1857-07-15" data-sort-value="1857-07-15">15 juillet 1857</time>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Octobre_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Octobre 1856">Octobre</a> : mort de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Suuna_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Suuna II (page inexistante)">Suuna II</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suna_II_of_Buganda" class="extiw" title="en:Suna II of Buganda">(en)</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a>. Son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muteesa_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muteesa Ier">Muteesa <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">Ier</abbr></a> est choisi par le katikiro (Ministre principal) au détriment de son frère Kiyimba comme roi (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titres_de_noblesse_du_Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liste_des_souverains_du_Buganda" title="Titres de noblesse du Buganda">kabaka</a>) du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buganda">Bouganda</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1884?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1884">1884</a>). Contesté dès son élection, il met six ans à éliminer les mécontents. Sous le règne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muteesa_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muteesa Ier">Muteesa <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">Ier</abbr></a> les premiers missionnaires protestants s’installent au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouganda">Bouganda</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1877?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1877">1877</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 novembre">27 novembre</a> : départ du Caire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kh%C3%A9dive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khédive">khédive</a> d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte_sous_les_Alaouites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte sous les Alaouites">Égypte</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohamed_Sa%C3%AFd_Pacha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohamed Saïd Pacha">Mohamed Saïd Pacha</a> pour une visite au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soudan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soudan">Soudan</a> en compagnie de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Lesseps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand de Lesseps">Ferdinand de Lesseps</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> (fin en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1857-02" data-sort-value="1857-02">février 1857</time>). Il pense à évacuer la province reçue en viager puis décide de la conserver et s’efforce d’en confier la gestion à des administrateurs compétents. Il ordonne notamment une réforme de l’administration et de la fiscalité<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lavergne-13">[13]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 décembre">2 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_%27Ndondakusuka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de 'Ndondakusuka">bataille de 'Ndondakusuka</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cetshwayo_kaMpande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cetshwayo kaMpande">Cetshwayo kaMpande</a> devient roi des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoulous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoulous">Zoulous</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Laband-14">[14]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_rois_des_rois_d%27%C3%89thiopie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des rois des rois d'Éthiopie">négus</a> d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89thiopie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A9wodros_II_d%27%C3%89thiopie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Téwodros II d'Éthiopie">Théodoros II</a> propose une réforme de l’Église comportant une réduction du nombre de clerc et la sécularisation d’une partie de ses biens. Devant la résistance des prêtres, il décide unilatéralement de confisquer les terres de l’Église en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1860?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1860">1860</a>. Les événements et sa mort l’empêchent de mettre sa réforme en application<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a>.</li> <li>Des cavaliers Zerma participent comme mercenaires à une razzia d'esclaves menés par les Dagomba au pays Gurunsi. Début des invasions <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zarmas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zarmas">Zerma</a> dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gourounsi_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gourounsi (peuple)">Gurunsi</a> (1856-1900)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Afrique_du_Nord">Afrique du Nord</h4> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Afrique du Nord" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 janvier">5 janvier</a> : le vice-roi d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte_sous_les_Alaouites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte sous les Alaouites">Égypte</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohamed_Sa%C3%AFd_Pacha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohamed Saïd Pacha">Mohamed Saïd Pacha</a> signe l’acte de concession autorisant son ami <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Lesseps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferdinand de Lesseps">Ferdinand de Lesseps</a> à percer le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canal_de_Suez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canal de Suez">canal de Suez</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a>. Les Britanniques sont furieux.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 septembre">30 septembre</a> : la confrérie des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senousis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Senousis">Senousis</a> établit sa capitale à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaghbub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaghbub">Jaghbub</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a>, à la croisée des routes caravanières du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soudan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soudan">Soudan</a>, de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nubie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nubie">Nubie</a>, de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyr%C3%A9na%C3%AFque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyrénaïque">Cyrénaïque</a> et d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte">Égypte</a> (1856-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1895?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1895">1895</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septembre_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septembre 1856">Septembre</a> : le gouvernement français persuade le célèbre magicien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Eug%C3%A8ne_Robert-Houdin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin">Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin</a> de sortir de sa retraite afin de l’aider à mettre un terme aux révoltes tribales dirigées contre le gouvernement colonial de la France en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algérie française">Algérie</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Houdin-19">[19]</a>. La France veut un magicien, car lesdites révoltes étaient menées par des magiciens (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marabout_(islam)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marabout (islam)">marabouts</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 octobre">28 octobre</a> : une soixantaine de chefs de tribu algériens se sont rassemblés au théâtre Bab Azoun d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alger">Alger</a> pour assister au spectacle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Eug%C3%A8ne_Robert-Houdin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin">Robert-Houdin</a>. Terrorisés par son art, les chefs de tribu fuient le théâtre<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Houdin-19">[19]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 octobre">31 octobre</a> : une trentaine de chefs tribaux algériens les plus puissants offrent à Robert-Houdin un manuscrit enluminé louant son art et promettant leur indéfectible allégeance à la France<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Houdin-19">[19]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 décembre">9 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_anglo-marocain_de_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité anglo-marocain de 1856">traité commercial entre le Maroc et la Grande-Bretagne</a>, aboutissement du travail diplomatique du consul britannique auprès du sultan depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1844?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1844">1844</a>, Drummond-Hay. Les Anglais obtiennent des privilèges<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mohamed_Sa%C3%AFd_Pacha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mohamed Saïd Pacha">Mohamed Saïd Pacha</a> institue en Égypte un système de conscription obligatoire et d’un service militaire d’une durée limitée<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Amérique">Amérique</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Amérique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 mars">7 mars</a> : traité « d’amitié, de commerce et de coopération » entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brésil">Brésil</a> et l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentine">Argentine</a> signé à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(Argentine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paraná (Argentine)">Paraná</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 avril">11 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Rivas_(1856)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Rivas (1856)">deuxième bataille de Rivas</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Walker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Walker">William Walker</a> est battu au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicaragua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> par les troupes du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costa_Rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 mai">21 mai</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bleeding Kansas">guerre civile au Kansas</a> : sac de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lawrence_(Kansas)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lawrence (Kansas)">Lawrence</a> par les pro-esclavagistes. Dans la nuit du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 mai">24</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 mai">25 mai</a> cinq pro-esclavagistes sont massacrés à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Pottawatomie_(Kansas)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comté de Pottawatomie (Kansas)">Pottawatomie</a> par des abolitionnistes dirigés par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Brown">John Brown</a>, en réaction au sac de Lawrence<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gale-24">[24]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 juin">2 juin</a> : bataille de Black Jack entre pro-esclavagistes et abolitionnistes au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansas">Kansas</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 juin">25 juin</a> : loi Lerdo promulguée par les libéraux au pouvoir au Mexique. La propriété collective est supprimée, l’Église doit vendre ses biens fonciers, les Indiens se voient interdire la propriété communale. Elle favorise la constitution de grand domaines fonciers au détriment des petits paysans<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 août">25 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Woodson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Daniel Woodson (page inexistante)">Daniel Woodson</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Woodson" class="extiw" title="en:Daniel Woodson">(en)</a>, gouverneur intérimaire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esclavage_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esclavage aux États-Unis">pro-esclavagiste</a>, décrète l’état de guerre au moment<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> où les opposants à l’entrée du Kansas dans l’Union comme État esclavagiste déclenchent la guérilla.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 août">30 août</a> : bataille de Osawatomie entre pro-esclavagistes et abolitionnistes au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansas">Kansas</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gale-24">[24]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 octobre">19 octobre</a> : nouvelle constitution au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9rou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pérou">Pérou</a> qui provoque une guerre civile qui éclate dans la nuit du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 octobre">31 octobre</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er novembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> novembre</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arequipa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a> (fin en 1858)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg/220px-1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1109"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg/220px-1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg/330px-1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg/440px-1856-Republican-party-Fremont-isms-caricature.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_r%C3%A9sultats_des_%C3%A9lections_pr%C3%A9sidentielles_am%C3%A9ricaines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1856-1860" title="Liste des résultats des élections présidentielles américaines">Campagne électorale aux États-Unis</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Charles_Fr%C3%A9mont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Charles Frémont">Frémont</a>, candidat républicain, face à ses électeurs </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 novembre">4 novembre</a> : victoire du démocrate <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Buchanan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> à l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1856">élection présidentielle</a> aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 novembre">23 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_San_Juan_del_Sur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de San Juan del Sur">bataille de San Juan del Sur</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Asie_et_Pacifique">Asie et Pacifique</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Asie et Pacifique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 février">13 février</a> : les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Britanniques</a> annexent l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Awadh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Awadh">Aoudh</a>, mettant fin à la prévarication du chef tribal Ali Chah<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a>. L’Aoudh fournit un important contingent à l’armée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bengale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bengale">Bengale</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 février">18 février</a> : promulgation du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hatti-Humayoun_de_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hatti-Humayoun de 1856">Hatti-Humayoun</a>, édit de réforme du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanzimat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> qui reconnaît l’égalité civile et politique de tous les habitants de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_ottoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire ottoman">Empire ottoman</a>, quelle que soit leur religion<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Perrin-32">[32]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 février">29 février</a>, Chine : dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guangxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, le missionnaire français <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Chapdelaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Chapdelaine">Auguste Chapdelaine</a> (quarante-deux ans), meurt martyr sous la torture, avec un groupe de chrétiens qu'il avait baptisés<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 mars">24 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_entre_le_N%C3%A9pal_et_le_Tibet_de_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité entre le Népal et le Tibet de 1856">traité de paix de Thapathali entre le Tibet et le Népal</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mars_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mars 1856">Mars</a> : un Bureau de traduction (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bansho_Shirabesho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bansho Shirabesho">Bansho shirabe sho</a>) est créé au Japon (ouvert en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1857-02" data-sort-value="1857-02">février 1857</time>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 mai">19 mai</a> : plus d’un millier de musulmans (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hui_(ethnie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hui (ethnie)">Hui</a>) sont massacrés à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kunming?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kunming">Kunming</a> et dans ses environs. Début de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_Panthay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolte des Panthay">révolte des musulmans</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yunnan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, qui établissent une gouvernement séparatiste dans la ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dali_(Yunnan)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dali (Yunnan)">Dali</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1873?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1873">1873</a>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 juin">8 juin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">Australie</a> : 194 habitants de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitcairn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pitcairn">Pitcairn</a>, descendants des mutinés du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bounty_(navire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bounty (navire)">Bounty</a> accostent à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Norfolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Île Norfolk">Norfolk</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a>. La déportation de forçats vers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Norfolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Île Norfolk">Norfolk</a> est suspendue : l’élevage attire des colons libres en si grand nombre que les colonies australiennes réclament l’arrêt des déportations.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 juillet">25 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_cipayes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Causes_de_la_r%C3%A9bellion" title="Révolte des cipayes">General service Enlistment Act</a>, mesure mettant fin au privilège des sepoys (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cipayes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cipayes">cipayes</a>) de l’armée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bengale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bengale">Bengale</a> qui les dispensait du service outre-mer, leur permettant d’éviter de violer un interdit religieux<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Riddick-38">[38]</a>. Cette même année, le fusil <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lee-Enfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee-Enfield">Lee-Enfield</a> est introduit dans les régiments de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnie_britannique_des_Indes_orientales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales">EIC</a>. L’emballage des cartouches doit être déchiré avec les dents, ce qui provoque un contact avec la graisse de vache (sacrilège pour les Hindous) ou de porc<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bowman-39">[39]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 août">21 août</a> : le premier consul étranger (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Townsend_Harris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Townsend Harris">Townsend Harris</a>, arrive à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shimoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shimoda">Shimoda</a>, au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG/220px-Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="893"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG/220px-Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG/330px-Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG/440px-Chinese_officers_tear_down_the_British_flag_on_the_arrow.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : l’incident de l’Arrow déclenche la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_guerre_de_l%27opium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde guerre de l'opium">seconde guerre de l'opium</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 septembre">2 septembre</a>, Chine : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wei_Changhui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wei Changhui">Wei Changhui</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qin_Rigang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qin Rigang">Qin Rigang</a> assassinent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yang_Xiuqing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yang Xiuqing">Yang Xiuqing</a> et ses partisans. Début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massacre_de_Tianjing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massacre de Tianjing">massacre de Tianjing</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sandler-41">[41]</a>. De sanglantes purges affaiblissent le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_des_Taiping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolte des Taiping">Royaume céleste</a>. Dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiangxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>, les Taiping font régner un ordre égalitariste, interdisent l’esclavage, le jeu et l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opium">opium</a>, et déclenchent une chasse aux étrangers et aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandchous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandchous">Mandchous</a>. Ils s’aliènent le soutien de l’élite intellectuelle en rejetant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confucianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confucianisme">confucianisme</a>. Les chefs Taiping s’entredéchirent.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 septembre">16 septembre</a> : la corvette à vapeur Catinat se présente devant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Da_Nang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Da Nang">Tourane</a> pour remettre une dépêche du consul <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_de_Montigny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles de Montigny">Charles de Montigny</a> à l’empereur d’Annam, afin de l’inviter à négocier un traité d’amitié, de commerce, de navigation et de religion avec la France. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tự Đức">Tự Đức</a> refuse de lire les lettres et de ravitailler le navire. Le commandant fait canonner le fort de Tourane en représailles<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : la marine chinoise arraisonne l’Arrow, un bâtiment chargé d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opium">opium</a>, bien qu’il battait pavillon britannique, dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Perles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rivière des Perles">rivière</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canton_(Chine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canton (Chine)">Canton</a>. Douze membres de l’équipage sont accusés de piraterie. Par provocation, les Britanniques revendiquent le navire et accusent la Chine d’abus de pouvoir. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 octobre">23 octobre</a>, sur ordre du gouverneur de Hong Kong <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Bowring?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Bowring">John Bowring</a>, l’amiral Seymour prend les forts du fleuve et bombarde de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canton_(Chine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canton (Chine)">Canton</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Buioz-43">[43]</a>. L’affaire s’envenime. Londres obtient le soutien de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a>, de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">Russie</a> et des États-Unis. Après la prise de Canton en 1857, le Royaume-Uni et la France exercent une pression militaire sur le nord de la Chine. Début de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_guerre_de_l%27opium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde guerre de l'opium">seconde guerre de l'opium</a> (fin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1860?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1860">1860</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 octobre">19 octobre</a> : le sultan de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mascate_et_Oman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mascate et Oman">Mascate</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sa%C3%AFd_ben_Sultan_al-Busa%C3%AFd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saïd ben Sultan al-Busaïd">Saïd ben Sultan al-Busaïd</a> meurt en mer au retour d’un séjour de deux ans à Mascate<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a>. La guerre de succession qui oppose ses fils affaiblit son empire. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thuwa%C3%AFni_ibn_Sultan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thuwaïni ibn Sultan">Thuwaïni ibn Saïd</a> monte sur le trône de Mascate, mais ses deux frères, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barghach_ben_Sa%C3%AFd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barghach ben Saïd">Bargach</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majid_ben_Sa%C3%AFd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majid ben Saïd">Madjid</a> se disputent pendant trois ans le trône de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zanzibar_(sultanat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zanzibar (sultanat)">Zanzibar</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a>.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Kooshab.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kooshab.jpg/220px-Kooshab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="346"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kooshab.jpg/220px-Kooshab.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kooshab.jpg/330px-Kooshab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Kooshab.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 décembre">9 décembre</a> : les troupes indo-britanniques attaquent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bushehr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushehr">Bushehr</a> en Perse. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 octobre">25 octobre</a> : les troupes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire perse">Perses</a> s’emparent d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Herat">Herat</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er novembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> novembre</a> : la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">Grande-Bretagne</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_anglo-perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre anglo-perse">déclare la guerre à la Perse</a> aussitôt après la prise d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Herat">Herat</a> (fin le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1857-04-04" data-sort-value="1857-04-04">4 avril 1857</time>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a>. Le chah, qui ne reçoit ni le soutien de la population, ni celui des religieux, est contraint de négocier.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 novembre">12</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 novembre">13 novembre</a> : victoire navale britannique sur les Chinois à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_la_Bogue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de la Bogue">bataille de la Bogue</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Buioz-43">[43]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 novembre">17 novembre</a> : traité entre le sultan de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mascate_et_Oman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mascate et Oman">Mascate</a> et le chah de Perse, renouvelant le bail au sultan de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandar_Abbas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qeshm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Qeshm">Qeshm</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Ormuz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Île d'Ormuz">Ormuz</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a>. Profitant du déplacement de la cour omanaise à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zanzibar_(sultanat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zanzibar (sultanat)">Zanzibar</a>, les Perses avaient pris le contrôle des principaux ports du Golfe Persique. Une médiation britannique évite le conflit et aboutit à un traité de paix.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 décembre">14 décembre</a> : le vice-roi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canton_(Chine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canton (Chine)">Canton</a> fait incendier les factoreries de la ville et les Européens doivent se retirer à Macao ou à Hong Kong<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Buioz-43">[43]</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 janvier">9 janvier</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 février">11 février</a> : conférences de Constantinople<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ubicini-49">[49]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er février"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> février</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="01-20" data-sort-value="01-20">20 janvier</time> du calendrier julien) : préliminaires de paix signés à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vienne_(Autriche)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vienne (Autriche)">Vienne</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Samwer-50">[50]</a>. Fin de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Crim%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Crimée">Guerre de Crimée</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 février">25 février</a> : ouverture entre tous les belligérants de la guerre de Crimée de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1856)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Paris (1856)">conférence de Paris</a> clôturant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Crim%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Crimée">guerre de Crimée</a> (fin le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 avril">8 avril</a>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ubicini-49">[49]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 mars">30 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1856)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Paris (1856)">traité de Paris</a> entre la Russie et l’Empire ottoman imposé par les puissances occidentales<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Samwer-50">[50]</a>. <ul> <li>Il marque la fin de la guerre de Crimée, brise l'isolement de la France, place l'Empire ottoman sous la garantie des puissances européennes, et neutralise la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_Noire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Noire">mer Noire</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9troits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Détroits">Détroits</a>.</li> <li>Interdiction aux Russes de conserver une flotte en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_Noire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Noire">mer Noire</a> et des bases sur ses côtes.</li> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Moldavie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principauté de Moldavie">Moldavie</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Valachie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principauté de Valachie">Valachie</a> sont replacées sous la suzeraineté ottomane (les Autrichiens les évacuent dans l’année).</li> <li>Le Sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bessarabie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bessarabie">Bessarabie</a> est cédé à la Moldavie par les Russes.</li> <li>La navigation sur le Danube est internationalisée et contrôlée par une « Commission européenne du Danube » siégeant à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galați">Galatz</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_XV_de_Su%C3%A8de?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XV de Suède">Charles XV de Suède</a> obtient la démilitarisation des îles <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%85land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Åland">Åland</a> par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">Russie</a>.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg/170px-Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="953"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 223px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg/170px-Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="223" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg/255px-Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg/340px-Leopoldo_ODonnell.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 juillet">14 juillet</a> : en Espagne, le pouvoir passe à une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_lib%C3%A9rale_(Espagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union libérale (Espagne)">coalition libérale entre modérés et progressistes</a> conduite par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">Leopoldo O'Donnell</a> (1856-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1863?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1863">1863</a>). Véritable trêve politique, elle permet un rétablissement économique et l’amorce d’une politique étrangère ambitieuse. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 avril">8 avril</a> : clôture du congrès de Paris. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoléon III">Napoléon III</a> se tourne vers la Grande-Bretagne libérale et vers le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Pi%C3%A9mont-Sardaigne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royaume de Piémont-Sardaigne">Piémont</a> dont le ministre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camillo_Cavour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camillo Cavour">Camillo Cavour</a> est le porte-drapeau des ambitions nationales du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Risorgimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a>, ambitions qu’il exprime lors de la séance de clôture du congrès en posant la question italienne<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duckett-51">[51]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 avril">11 avril</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="03-30" data-sort-value="03-30">30 mars</time> du calendrier julien)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> : le tsar de Russie se prononce pour une réforme du servage<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a>. Il entend également réformer l’administration locale, la justice, l’enseignement et l’armée.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 avril">16 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déclaration de Paris">déclaration internationale</a> interdisant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corsaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corsaire">Course</a> (piraterie officielle). La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">Russie</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prusse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prusse">Prusse</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">Autriche</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Sardaigne_(1720-1861)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Sardaigne (1720-1861)">Sardaigne</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_ottoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire ottoman">Turquie</a>, réunis à Paris, signent une déclaration d'abolition de la « course en mer » (corsaires)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Samwer-50">[50]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 mai">27 mai</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="05-15" data-sort-value="05-15">15 mai</time> du calendrier julien) : amnistie de plusieurs milliers de Polonais déportés en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibérie">Sibérie</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 juillet">14 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">Leopoldo O'Donnell</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_chefs_du_gouvernement_espagnol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des chefs du gouvernement espagnol">Premier ministre</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">Espagne</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 septembre">2 septembre</a> : coup d’État royaliste en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">Suisse</a> contre les républicains à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a>. Son échec entraîne la rupture des relations helvético-prussiennes (le canton vassal du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Prusse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Prusse">roi de Prusse</a> est républicain).</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg/170px-The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3017" data-file-height="3933"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 222px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg/170px-The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="222" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg/255px-The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg/340px-The_Metropolitan_reads_the_prayer_for_Alexander_II.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 septembre">7 septembre</a> : couronnement d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_II_de_Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre II de Russie">Alexandre II de Russie</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 octobre">28 octobre</a> : rupture des relations diplomatiques du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_des_Deux-Siciles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume des Deux-Siciles">royaume des Deux-Siciles</a> avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a>. Les deux puissances sanctionnent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_II_des_Deux-Siciles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand II des Deux-Siciles">Ferdinand II des Deux-Siciles</a> qui n’a pas tenu compte des remontrances sur ses méthodes de gouvernement<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 novembre">27 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_1856_au_Luxembourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coup d'État de 1856 au Luxembourg">Coup d'État de 1856 au Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er décembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> décembre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> : application du County and Borough Police Act<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a>, loi sur la police des comtés et des villes, organisant un corps de police professionnel<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 décembre">2 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Bayonne_(1856)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Bayonne (1856)">traité de Bayonne</a> qui précise la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fronti%C3%A8re_entre_l%27Espagne_et_la_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frontière entre l'Espagne et la France">frontière entre l’Espagne et la France</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Constitution à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A9tersbourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Pétersbourg">Saint-Pétersbourg</a> d’un comité de secours aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaves">Slaves</a>. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">Russie</a>, après son recul dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balkans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> au lendemain de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Crim%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Crimée">guerre de Crimée</a>, entend mener une politique panslaviste plus active pour développer le sentiment national en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_d%27Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire d'Autriche">Autriche</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a> et dans l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_ottoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire ottoman">Empire ottoman</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a>.</li> <li>Le prince <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Bariatinsky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Bariatinsky">Alexandre Bariatinsky</a> est nommé commandant du Caucase ; il dirige une puissante armée contre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chamil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chamil">Chamil</a> qui se rend le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1859-08-25" data-sort-value="1859-08-25">25 août 1859</time> (fin des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_du_Caucase?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre du Caucase">guerres du Caucase</a>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[62]</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Naissances_en_1856">Naissances en 1856</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1856" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1856">Naissance en 1856</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 janvier">5 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maxime_Faivre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maxime Faivre">Maxime Faivre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-01-05" data-sort-value="1941-01-05">5 janvier 1941</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 janvier">6 janvier</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_Feuerstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin Feuerstein">Martin Feuerstein</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alsace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alsace">germano-alsacien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1931-02-13" data-sort-value="1931-02-13">13 février 1931</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Martucci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Martucci">Giuseppe Martucci</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a>, professeur et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pianiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pianiste">pianiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1909-06-01" data-sort-value="1909-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> juin 1909</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 janvier">7 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Caton_Woodville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Caton Woodville">Richard Caton Woodville</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">britannique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1927-08-17" data-sort-value="1927-08-17">17 août 1927</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 janvier">12 janvier</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sophie_de_Niederhausern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sophie de Niederhausern">Sophie de Niederhausern</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_paysage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture de paysage">paysagiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1926-01-04" data-sort-value="1926-01-04">4 janvier 1926</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1925-04-14" data-sort-value="1925-04-14">14 avril 1925</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 janvier">15 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_de_Favereau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul de Favereau">Paul de Favereau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1922-09-26" data-sort-value="1922-09-26">26 septembre 1922</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 janvier">21 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Cr%C3%A9mieux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard Crémieux">Édouard Crémieux</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1944-05" data-sort-value="1944-05">mai 1944</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 février">4 février</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Frechon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Frechon">Charles Frechon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-02-02" data-sort-value="1929-02-02">2 février 1929</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul-Napol%C3%A9on_Roinard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul-Napoléon Roinard">Paul-Napoléon Roinard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librettiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librettiste">librettiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poète</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libertaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libertaire">libertaire</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1930-10-26" data-sort-value="1930-10-26">26 octobre 1930</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 février">11 février</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etienne_Girardot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etienne Girardot">Etienne Girardot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">anglais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1939-11-10" data-sort-value="1939-11-10">10 novembre 1939</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hirase_Sakugor%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hirase Sakugorō">Hirase Sakugorō</a>, botaniste et peintre japonais († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1925-01-04" data-sort-value="1925-01-04">4 janvier 1925</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 février">15 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emil Kraepelin">Emil Kraepelin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychiatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychiatre">psychiatre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1926?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1926">1926</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 février">17 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J.-H._Rosny_a%C3%AEn%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="J.-H. Rosny aîné">J.-H. Rosny aîné</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-02-11" data-sort-value="1940-02-11">11 février 1940</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 février">20 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eduardo_Leon_Garrido?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eduardo Leon Garrido">Eduardo Leon Garrido</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">espagnole</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1949-02-24" data-sort-value="1949-02-24">24 février 1949</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 février">26 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Vallet_(dessinateur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Vallet (dessinateur)">Louis Vallet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquarelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquarelle">aquarelliste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1940">1940</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 février">27 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Lacaille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Lacaille">Félix Lacaille</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1923-09-21" data-sort-value="1923-09-21">21 septembre 1923</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 février">28 février</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Beysson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Beysson">Louis Beysson</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1912-07-07" data-sort-value="1912-07-07">7 juillet 1912</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eva_Dell%27Acqua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eva Dell'Acqua">Eva Dell'Acqua</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chanteuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanteuse">chanteuse</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositrice</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1930-02-12" data-sort-value="1930-02-12">12 février 1930</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_M%C3%BChlfeld?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Mühlfeld">Richard Mühlfeld</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clarinettiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clarinettiste">clarinettiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1907-06-01" data-sort-value="1907-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> juin 1907</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 mars">3 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Russell_Butler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Russell Butler">Howard Russell Butler</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scientifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scientifique">scientifique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juriste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juriste">juriste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1934?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1934">1934</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 mars">14 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George-Daniel_de_Monfreid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George-Daniel de Monfreid">George-Daniel de Monfreid</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-11-26" data-sort-value="1929-11-26">26 novembre 1929</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 mars">16 mars</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tancr%C3%A8de_Auguste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tancrède Auguste">Tancrède Auguste</a>, homme politique et militaire haïtien († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1913-05-02" data-sort-value="1913-05-02">2 mai 1913</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne-Louis_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugène-Louis Bonaparte">Eugène-Louis Bonaparte</a>, prince impérial héritier des Bonaparte († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1879-06-01" data-sort-value="1879-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> juin 1879</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 mars">17 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Vroubel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikhaïl Vroubel">Mikhaïl Vroubel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1910-04-14" data-sort-value="1910-04-14">14 avril 1910</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 mars">20 mars</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Lavery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Lavery">John Lavery</a>, peintre portraitiste irlandais († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-01-10" data-sort-value="1941-01-10">10 janvier 1941</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josef_Franz_Wagner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josef Franz Wagner">Josef Franz Wagner</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_d%27Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire d'Autriche">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1908-06-05" data-sort-value="1908-06-05">5 juin 1908</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 mars">25 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_Powell_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin Powell (baseball)">Martin Powell</a>, joueur de baseball américain († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1888-02-05" data-sort-value="1888-02-05">5 février 1888</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 mars">26 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Massey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Massey">William Massey</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_ministre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier ministre">premier ministre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouvelle-Zélande">néo-zélandais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1925-05-10" data-sort-value="1925-05-10">10 mai 1925</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er avril"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Maurin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Maurin">Charles Maurin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libertaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libertaire">libertaire</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1914-06-18" data-sort-value="1914-06-18">18 juin 1914</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 avril">2 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Emile_Bellet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Emile Bellet">Auguste Emile Bellet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1911">1911</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 avril">6 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Bisson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard Bisson">Édouard Bisson</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 avril">10 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Girardet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Girardet">Jules Girardet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-01-25" data-sort-value="1938-01-25">25 janvier 1938</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 avril">18 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arturo_Petrocelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arturo Petrocelli">Arturo Petrocelli</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († après 1916).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 avril">19 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie_Di%C3%A9terle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie Diéterle">Marie Diéterle</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1935-05-26" data-sort-value="1935-05-26">26 mai 1935</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 avril">21 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rose_Maynard_Barton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rose Maynard Barton">Rose Maynard Barton</a>, peintre irlandaise († 1929).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 avril">24 avril</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Dainville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Dainville">Maurice Dainville</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-01-22" data-sort-value="1943-01-22">22 janvier 1943</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe Pétain">Henri-Philippe Pétain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maréchal de France">maréchal de France</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme d'État">homme d'État</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1951-07-23" data-sort-value="1951-07-23">23 juillet 1951</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Alice_Willcox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Alice Willcox">Mary Alice Willcox</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoologiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologiste">zoologiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américaine</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1953-06-04" data-sort-value="1953-06-04">4 juin 1953</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 avril">25 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adolphe_Marais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adolphe Marais">Adolphe Marais</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-02-17" data-sort-value="1940-02-17">17 février 1940</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 mai">3 mai</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liudvika_Did%C5%BEiulien%C4%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liudvika Didžiulienė">Liudvika Didžiulienė</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivaine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Militantisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Militantisme">militante</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lituanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lituanie">lituanienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1925-10-25" data-sort-value="1925-10-25">25 octobre 1925</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_de_Riquer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre de Riquer">Alexandre de Riquer</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste-peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiste-peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affichiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affichiste">affichiste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poète</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">espagnol</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1920-11-13" data-sort-value="1920-11-13">13 novembre 1920</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 mai">5 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanifa_Malikova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanifa Malikova">Hanifa Malikova</a>, une des premières femmes musulmanes du Caucase à recevoir une éducation laïque († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-05-02" data-sort-value="1929-05-02">2 mai 1929</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 mai">6 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sigmund_Freud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neurologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neurologie">neurologue</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychanalyse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychanalyse">psychanalyste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_d%27Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire d'Autriche">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1939-09-23" data-sort-value="1939-09-23">23 septembre 1939</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 mai">11 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne-Jules_Eudes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugène-Jules Eudes">Eugène-Jules Eudes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquarelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquarelle">aquarelliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-01-26" data-sort-value="1938-01-26">26 janvier 1938</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 mai">15 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyman_Frank_Baum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyman Frank Baum">Lyman Frank Baum</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9alisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réalisateur">réalisateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1919-05-06" data-sort-value="1919-05-06">6 mai 1919</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 mai">16 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Stillman_Barnard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Stillman Barnard">Francis Stillman Barnard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">canadien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1936-04-11" data-sort-value="1936-04-11">11 avril 1936</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 mai">20 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri-Edmond_Cross?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri-Edmond Cross">Henri-Edmond Cross</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1910-05-16" data-sort-value="1910-05-16">16 mai 1910</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 mai">23 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gonnessiat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Gonnessiat">François Gonnessiat</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronome">astronome</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1934-10-17" data-sort-value="1934-10-17">17 octobre 1934</time>)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 mai">28 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Lebayle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Lebayle">Charles Lebayle</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1898-02" data-sort-value="1898-02">février 1898</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er juin"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_%C5%9Alewi%C5%84ski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Władysław Ślewiński">Władysław Ślewiński</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">polonais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1918-03-27" data-sort-value="1918-03-27">27 mars 1918</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 juin">8 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoine_Ban%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoine Banès">Antoine Banès</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Op%C3%A9rette?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opérette">opérettes</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ballet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ballet">ballets</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1924-01-09" data-sort-value="1924-01-09">9 janvier 1924</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 juin">10 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Charpentier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Charpentier">Alexandre Charpentier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9dailleur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Médailleur">médailleur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ébéniste">ébéniste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1909-03-04" data-sort-value="1909-03-04">4 mars 1909</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 juin">13 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Gelhay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard Gelhay">Édouard Gelhay</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 juin">14 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Eug%C3%A8ne_Clary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Eugène Clary">Jean-Eugène Clary</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_paysage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture de paysage">paysagiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1929?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1929">1929</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 juin">15 juin</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Pinta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Pinta">Henri Pinta</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1944?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1944">1944</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Roubaud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz Roubaud">Franz Roubaud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_bataille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture de bataille">batailles</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">ukrainien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1928-03-13" data-sort-value="1928-03-13">13 mars 1928</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 juin">16 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Barraud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Barraud">Francis Barraud</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">britannique</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1924-08-29" data-sort-value="1924-08-29">29 août 1924</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 juin">17 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstantin_Dumba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantin Dumba">Konstantin Dumba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diplomate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomate">diplomate</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro-hongrois</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1947-01-06" data-sort-value="1947-01-06">6 janvier 1947</time>)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 juin">21 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asai_Ch%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asai Chū">Asai Chū</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_de_paysage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture de paysage">de paysages</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">japonais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1907-12-16" data-sort-value="1907-12-16">16 décembre 1907</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 juin">23 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard_de_Montholon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Richard de Montholon">François Richard de Montholon</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-06-24" data-sort-value="1940-06-24">24 juin 1940</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 juin">24 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincenzo_Caprile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vincenzo Caprile">Vincenzo Caprile</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1936-06-23" data-sort-value="1936-06-23">23 juin 1936</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 juin">30 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernest_Clair-Guyot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernest Clair-Guyot">Ernest Clair-Guyot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithographie">lithographe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Photographe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Photographe">photographe</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-02-05" data-sort-value="1938-02-05">5 février 1938</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 juillet">9 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacob_Smits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacob Smits">Jacob Smits</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belgo</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">néerlandais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1928-02-15" data-sort-value="1928-02-15">15 février 1928</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 juillet">10 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikola_Tesla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inventeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inventeur">inventeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ingénieur">ingénieur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serbes_de_Croatie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serbes de Croatie">serbe</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-01-07" data-sort-value="1943-01-07">7 janvier 1943</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 juillet">23 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Bird?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Bird">Arthur Bird</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1923-12-22" data-sort-value="1923-12-22">22 décembre 1923</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 juillet">26 juillet</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Anseele?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard Anseele">Édouard Anseele</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1938-02-18" data-sort-value="1938-02-18">18 février 1938</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(pays)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (pays)">irlandaise</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1950-11-02" data-sort-value="1950-11-02">2 novembre 1950</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 juillet">27 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Martin_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Martin (peintre)">Étienne Martin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-03-06" data-sort-value="1945-03-06">6 mars 1945</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 juillet">31 juillet</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Courselles-Dumont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Courselles-Dumont">Henri Courselles-Dumont</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1918-11-26" data-sort-value="1918-11-26">26 novembre 1918</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cl%C3%A9mence_Richey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clémence Richey">Clémence Richey</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1895-12-18" data-sort-value="1895-12-18">18 décembre 1895</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er août"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frans_Hens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frans Hens">Frans Hens</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1928-05-11" data-sort-value="1928-05-11">11 mai 1928</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 août">3 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Deakin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intellectuel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intellectuel">intellectuel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avocat_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avocat (métier)">avocat</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme d'État">homme d'État</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">australien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1919-10-07" data-sort-value="1919-10-07">7 octobre 1919</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15 août">15 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frank_Daniels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frank Daniels">Frank Daniels</a>, acteur américain († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1935-01-12" data-sort-value="1935-01-12">12 janvier 1935</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 août">20 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emilio_Prud%27Homme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emilio Prud'Homme">Emilio Prud'Homme</a>, avocat, homme politique, écrivain et enseignant dominicain († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1932-07-21" data-sort-value="1932-07-21">21 juillet 1932</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 août">24 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felix_Mottl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Felix Mottl">Felix Mottl</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_d%27Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire d'Autriche">autrichien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1911-07-02" data-sort-value="1911-07-02">2 juillet 1911</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 août">26 août</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Frédéric">Léon Frédéric</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-01-25" data-sort-value="1940-01-25">25 janvier 1940</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zaiyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zaiyi">Zaiyi</a>, homme d'État chinois († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1922-11-24" data-sort-value="1922-11-24">24 novembre 1922</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 août">28 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ducros?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard Ducros">Édouard Ducros</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marine_(peinture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marine (peinture)">de marine</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1936-10-27" data-sort-value="1936-10-27">27 octobre 1936</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 août">31 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augusto_Sezanne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augusto Sezanne">Augusto Sezanne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecte">architecte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9ramiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Céramiste">céramiste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dessinateur">dessinateur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithographie">lithographe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1935-05-05" data-sort-value="1935-05-05">5 mai 1935</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er septembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> septembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis-Ernest_Dubois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis-Ernest Dubois">Louis-Ernest Dubois</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal (religion)">cardinal</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archev%C3%AAque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archevêque">archevêque</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-09-23" data-sort-value="1929-09-23">23 septembre 1929</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Redmond?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Redmond">John Redmond</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni_de_Grande-Bretagne_et_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande">britannique</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(pays)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (pays)">irlandais</a>) († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1919-03-06" data-sort-value="1919-03-06">6 mars 1919</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 septembre">3 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Gabriel_Hubert-Sauzeau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Gabriel Hubert-Sauzeau">Jules Gabriel Hubert-Sauzeau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1927-03-30" data-sort-value="1927-03-30">30 mars 1927</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 septembre">8 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabriel-Charles_Deneux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabriel-Charles Deneux">Gabriel-Charles Deneux</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1944?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1944">1944</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 septembre">13 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernest_Gillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernest Gillet">Ernest Gillet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violoncelliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violoncelliste">violoncelliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1940-05-06" data-sort-value="1940-05-06">6 mai 1940</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 septembre">14 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesco_Sartorelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francesco Sartorelli">Francesco Sartorelli</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1939?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1939">1939</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 septembre">26 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_Graetz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo Graetz">Leo Graetz</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Physicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Physicien">physicien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1941-11-12" data-sort-value="1941-11-12">12 novembre 1941</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 septembre">27 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis-Auguste_Girardot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis-Auguste Girardot">Louis-Auguste Girardot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_orientaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture orientaliste">orientaliste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithographie">lithographe</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1933-04-22" data-sort-value="1933-04-22">22 avril 1933</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 octobre">4 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_de_Assis_Rosa_e_Silva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva">Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme d'État">homme d'État</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brésil">brésilien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-07-01" data-sort-value="1929-07-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> juillet 1929</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_von_Herzfeld?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor von Herzfeld">Victor von Herzfeld</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violoniste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violoniste">violoniste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Hongrie_(1538%E2%80%931867)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royaume de Hongrie (1538–1867)">hongrois</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1919-02-20" data-sort-value="1919-02-20">20 février 1919</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 octobre">9 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sylvain_Dupuis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sylvain Dupuis">Sylvain Dupuis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musicien">musicien</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9dagogie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pédagogie">pédagogue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1931-09-28" data-sort-value="1931-09-28">28 septembre 1931</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 octobre">10 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luis_Mazzantini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luis Mazzantini">Luis Mazzantini</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matador?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matador">matador</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">espagnol</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1926-04-24" data-sort-value="1926-04-24">24 avril 1926</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 octobre">13 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Coutil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Coutil">Léon Coutil</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archéologie">archéologue</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_locale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire locale">historien local</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-01-24" data-sort-value="1943-01-24">24 janvier 1943</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="16 octobre">16 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Jelley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Jelley">William Jelley</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poète</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecte">architecte</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1932-10-05" data-sort-value="1932-10-05">5 octobre 1932</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 octobre">29 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fernand_Legout-G%C3%A9rard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fernand Legout-Gérard">Fernand Legout-Gérard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peintre_de_la_Marine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peintre de la Marine">peintre de la Marine</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1924-08-14" data-sort-value="1924-08-14">14 août 1924</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 novembre">11 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luigi_Olivetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luigi Olivetti">Luigi Olivetti</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1941?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1941">1941</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 novembre">13 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%AAnio_Luis_M%C3%BCller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugênio Luis Müller">Eugênio Luis Müller</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brésil">brésilien</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1936-05-29" data-sort-value="1936-05-29">29 mai 1936</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 novembre">14 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Lapeyr%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Lapeyrère">Étienne Lapeyrère</a>, botaniste français.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18 novembre">18 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph-%C3%89mile_Millochau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph-Émile Millochau">Joseph-Émile Millochau</a>, peintre français († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1934-03-28" data-sort-value="1934-03-28">28 mars 1934</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 novembre">19 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Ryszkiewicz_(p%C3%A8re)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Józef Ryszkiewicz (père)">Józef Ryszkiewicz (père)</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">polonais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1925-05-19" data-sort-value="1925-05-19">19 mai 1925</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 novembre">25 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergue%C3%AF_Tane%C3%AFev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergueï Taneïev">Sergueï Taneïev</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1915-06-19" data-sort-value="1915-06-19">19 juin 1915</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 novembre">27 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaston_Jobb%C3%A9-Duval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaston Jobbé-Duval">Gaston Jobbé-Duval</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1929-04-20" data-sort-value="1929-04-20">20 avril 1929</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 novembre">29 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann-Hollweg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> (chancelier) <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1921-01-02" data-sort-value="1921-01-02">2 janvier 1921</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 décembre">2 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Kajanus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Kajanus">Robert Kajanus</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finlande">finlandais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1933-07-06" data-sort-value="1933-07-06">6 juillet 1933</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 décembre">6 décembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louise_Catherine_Breslau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louise Catherine Breslau">Louise Catherine Breslau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemande</a> naturalisée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suisse">suisse</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1927-05-12" data-sort-value="1927-05-12">12 mai 1927</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Flameng?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Flameng">François Flameng</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1923-02-28" data-sort-value="1923-02-28">28 février 1923</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7 décembre">7 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josef_Fanta_(architecte)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josef Fanta (architecte)">Josef Fanta</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecte">architecte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpteur">sculpteur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche-Hongrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche-Hongrie">austro-hongrois</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tch%C3%A9coslovaquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tchécoslovaquie">tchécoslovaque</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1954-06-20" data-sort-value="1954-06-20">20 juin 1954</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 décembre">12 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Moret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Moret">Henry Moret</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1913-05-05" data-sort-value="1913-05-05">5 mai 1913</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 décembre">13 décembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Couvert_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Couvert (peintre)">Étienne Couvert</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1933-08-18" data-sort-value="1933-08-18">18 août 1933</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence_Lowell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbott Lawrence Lowell">Abbott Lawrence Lowell</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juriste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juriste">juriste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a>, professeur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Science_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Science politique">science politique</a> et président de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Harvard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université Harvard">université Harvard</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-01-06" data-sort-value="1943-01-06">6 janvier 1943</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="14 décembre">14 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri-Julien_Dumont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri-Julien Dumont">Henri-Julien Dumont</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Affichiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Affichiste">affichiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1936-11-03" data-sort-value="1936-11-03">3 novembre 1936</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 décembre">17 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angelo_Torchi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angelo Torchi">Angelo Torchi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macchiaioli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macchiaioli">macchiaiolo</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1915?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1915">1915</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 décembre">22 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paula_Kravogl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paula Kravogl">Paula Kravogl</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivaine</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">autrichienne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1916-08-21" data-sort-value="1916-08-21">21 août 1916</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 décembre">24 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Feszty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árpád Feszty">Árpád Feszty</a>, peintre hongrois († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1914-06-01" data-sort-value="1914-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> juin 1914</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 décembre">27 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gedalge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Gedalge">André Gedalge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9dagogue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pédagogue">pédagogue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1926-02-05" data-sort-value="1926-02-05">5 février 1926</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 décembre">28 décembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_de_M%C3%A9rode-Westerloo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de Mérode-Westerloo">Henri de Mérode-Westerloo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1908-07-13" data-sort-value="1908-07-13">13 juillet 1908</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-huitième">28e</abbr> président des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_des_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Président des États-Unis">États-Unis</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1924-02-03" data-sort-value="1924-02-03">3 février 1924</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 décembre">29 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Joannes_Stieltjes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Joannes Stieltjes">Thomas Joannes Stieltjes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Math%C3%A9maticien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mathématicien">mathématicien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">néerlandais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1894-12-31" data-sort-value="1894-12-31">31 décembre 1894</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 décembre">31 décembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wojciech_Kossak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wojciech Kossak">Wojciech Kossak</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pologne">polonais</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1942-07-29" data-sort-value="1942-07-29">29 juillet 1942</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%B3spero_Morales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Próspero Morales">Próspero Morales</a>, homme politique guatemaltèque († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1898-08-17" data-sort-value="1898-08-17">17 août 1898</time>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li>Date précise inconnue : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardar_Assad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardar Assad">Sardar Assad</a>, révolutionnaire iranien († 1917)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Achille_Carelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achille Carelli">Achille Carelli</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († 1936).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_de_Caters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis de Caters">Louis de Caters</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> et propriétaire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haras?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haras">haras</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1932?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1932">1932</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul-Laurent_Courtot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul-Laurent Courtot">Paul-Laurent Courtot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1925?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1925">1925</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie_Desliens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie Desliens">Marie Desliens</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1938?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1938">1938</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Garnier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Garnier">Léon Garnier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parolier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parolier">parolier</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1905?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1905">1905</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bio_Gu%C3%A9ra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bio Guéra">Bio Guéra</a>, prince guerrier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wassangari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wassangari">wassangari</a>, peuple du Nord <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A9nin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bénin">Bénin</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1916-12-17" data-sort-value="1916-12-17">17 décembre 1916</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeanne_Gu%C3%A9rard-Gonzal%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeanne Guérard-Gonzalès">Jeanne Guérard-Gonzalès</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1924-10-31" data-sort-value="1924-10-31">31 octobre 1924</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermann_Mandl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hermann Mandl">Hermann Mandl</a>, cavalier autrichien de saut d'obstacles (<abbr class="abbr" title="mort le">†</abbr> <time class="nowrap" datetime="1922-03-06" data-sort-value="1922-03-06">6 mars 1922</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Attilio_Pratella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Attilio Pratella">Attilio Pratella</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1949">1949</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_R._Rose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry R. Rose">Henry R. Rose</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1923?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1923">1923</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Stagnero_de_Munar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="María Stagnero de Munar">María Stagnero de Munar</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enseignement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enseignement">enseignante</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9ministe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Féministe">féministe</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uruguay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uruguay">uruguayenne</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1922-08-30" data-sort-value="1922-08-30">30 août 1922</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apollinaire_Vasnetsov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apollinaire Vasnetsov">Apollinaire Vasnetsov</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Critique_d%27art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Critique d'art">critique d'art</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">russe</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1933">1933</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carles_Gumersind_Vidiella_i_Esteba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carles Gumersind Vidiella i Esteba">Carles Gumersind Vidiella i Esteba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pianiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pianiste">pianiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">espagnol</a> († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1915-10-04" data-sort-value="1915-10-04">4 octobre 1915</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yu_Kil-chun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yu Kil-chun">Yu Kil-chun</a>, homme politique coréen († <time class="nowrap" datetime="1914-09-30" data-sort-value="1914-09-30">30 septembre 1914</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Fran%C3%A7ois_Zier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard François Zier">Édouard François Zier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illustrateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illustrateur">illustrateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> († <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1924">1924</a>).</li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Décès_en_1856">Décès en 1856</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1856" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1856">Décès en 1856</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 janvier">6 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas-Charles_Bochsa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas-Charles Bochsa">Nicolas-Charles Bochsa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musicien">musicien</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89dition_(document)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Édition (document)">éditeur</a> et directeur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théâtre">théâtre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1789-08-09" data-sort-value="1789-08-09">9 août 1789</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 janvier">17 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Attwood_Walmisley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Attwood Walmisley">Thomas Attwood Walmisley</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organiste">organiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">anglais</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1814-01-21" data-sort-value="1814-01-21">21 janvier 1814</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 janvier">19 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zervas_Diamantis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zervas Diamantis">Zervas Diamantis</a>, chef et homme politique macédonien (° 1790).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30 janvier">30 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solomon_Quetsch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solomon Quetsch">Solomon Quetsch</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rabbin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rabbin">rabbin</a> et talmudiste <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autriche">autrichien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1798-10-13" data-sort-value="1798-10-13">13 octobre 1798</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_janvier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 janvier">31 janvier</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khendrup_Gyatso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khendrup Gyatso">Khendrup Gyatso</a>, onzième <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dala%C3%AF-lama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dalaï-lama">dalaï-lama</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1838-12-19" data-sort-value="1838-12-19">19 décembre 1838</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 février">5 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Carrington_Cabell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Carrington Cabell">Joseph Carrington Cabell</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1778-12-28" data-sort-value="1778-12-28">28 décembre 1778</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 février">9 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_%C3%89tienne_R%C3%A9millieux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Étienne Rémillieux">Pierre Étienne Rémillieux</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1811?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1811">1811</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_f%C3%A9vrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 février">25 février</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laurent_Bai_Xiaoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laurent Bai Xiaoman">Laurent Bai Xiaoman</a>, laïc <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine">chinois</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martyr">martyr</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chrétien">chrétien</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint">saint</a> (° v. 1821).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19 mars">19 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludovico_Lipparini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludovico Lipparini">Ludovico Lipparini</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1802-02-17" data-sort-value="1802-02-17">17 février 1802</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_mars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 mars">23 mars</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Duchesne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Duchesne">Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Duchesne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1770-12-08" data-sort-value="1770-12-08">8 décembre 1770</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_avril?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 avril">27 avril</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Joseph_C%C3%A9sar_Ducornet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Joseph César Ducornet">Louis Joseph César Ducornet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1806-01-10" data-sort-value="1806-01-10">10 janvier 1806</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 mai">17 mai</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_von_Inzaghi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl von Inzaghi">Karl von Inzaghi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_d%27Autriche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire d'Autriche">autrichien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1777-12-05" data-sort-value="1777-12-05">5 décembre 1777</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_juin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 juin">13 juin</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ventura_Blanco_Encalada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ventura Blanco Encalada">Ventura Blanco Encalada</a>, militaire, homme politique et homme de lettres chilien (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1782-07" data-sort-value="1782-07">juillet 1782</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/23_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="23 juillet">23 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodor_von_Sch%C3%B6n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodor von Schön">Theodor von Schön</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme d'État">homme d'État</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Prusse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Prusse">prussien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1773-01-20" data-sort-value="1773-01-20">20 janvier 1773</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/29_juillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="29 juillet">29 juillet</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Schumann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1810-06-08" data-sort-value="1810-06-08">8 juin 1810</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5 août">5 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Lucas_de_Pearsall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Lucas de Pearsall">Robert Lucas de Pearsall</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">anglais</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1795-03-14" data-sort-value="1795-03-14">14 mars 1795</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 août">20 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philipp_Jakob_Riotte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philipp Jakob Riotte">Philipp Jakob Riotte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Empire_romain_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Empire romain germanique">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1776-08-16" data-sort-value="1776-08-16">16 août 1776</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 août">21 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Josef_von_Lindpaintner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Josef von Lindpaintner">Peter Josef von Lindpaintner</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compositeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_d%27orchestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef d'orchestre">chef d'orchestre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1791-12-09" data-sort-value="1791-12-09">9 décembre 1791</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24_ao%C3%BBt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 août">24 août</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Buckland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Buckland">William Buckland</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pal%C3%A9ontologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paléontologie">paléontologue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1784-03-12" data-sort-value="1784-03-12">12 mars 1784</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1er_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1er septembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Yarrell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Yarrell">William Yarrell</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ornithologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologue">ornithologue</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naturaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naturaliste">naturaliste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">britannique</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1784-06-03" data-sort-value="1784-06-03">3 juin 1784</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_septembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 septembre">3 septembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hon%C3%B3rio_Carneiro_Le%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honório Carneiro Leão">Honório Carneiro Leão</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme d'État">homme d'État</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diplomate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomate">diplomate</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juge">juge</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brésil">brésilien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1801-01-11" data-sort-value="1801-01-11">11 janvier 1801</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 octobre">4 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Victor_du_Pont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Victor du Pont">Alfred Victor du Pont</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimiste">chimiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrie">industriel</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">franco</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">américain</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1798-04-11" data-sort-value="1798-04-11">11 avril 1798</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6 octobre">6 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Hippius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustav Adolf Hippius">Gustav Adolf Hippius</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_russe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire russe">estonien</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1792-03-12" data-sort-value="1792-03-12">12 mars 1792</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8 octobre">8 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodore Chassériau">Théodore Chassériau</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1819-09-20" data-sort-value="1819-09-20">20 septembre 1819</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10 octobre">10 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_y_Planes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vicente López y Planes">Vicente López y Planes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vice-royaut%C3%A9_du_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vice-royauté du Río de la Plata">espagnol</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentine">argentin</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1785-05-03" data-sort-value="1785-05-03">3 mai 1785</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 octobre">12 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aline_Alaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aline Alaux">Aline Alaux</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dessinatrice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dessinatrice">dessinatrice</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1813-01-31" data-sort-value="1813-01-31">31 janvier 1813</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 octobre">17 octobre</a> : Antoine Sartoris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">italienne</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1794-04-25" data-sort-value="1794-04-25">25 avril 1794</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/28_octobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 octobre">28 octobre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Jourdy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Jourdy">Paul Jourdy</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1805-12-17" data-sort-value="1805-12-17">17 décembre 1805</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4 novembre">4 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Delaroche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Delaroche">Paul Delaroche</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1797-07-17" data-sort-value="1797-07-17">17 juillet 1797</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 novembre">9 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etienne_Cabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Etienne Cabet">Etienne Cabet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théorie">théoricien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communisme">communiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1788-01-01" data-sort-value="1788-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> janvier 1788</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="12 novembre">12 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Victor_Fonville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Victor Fonville">Nicolas Victor Fonville</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithographe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithographe">lithographe</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1805-11-30" data-sort-value="1805-11-30">30 novembre 1805</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/13_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 novembre">13 novembre</a> : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_Buchhorn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig Buchhorn">Ludwig Buchhorn</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravure">graveur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1770-04-18" data-sort-value="1770-04-18">18 avril 1770</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_de_Linange_(3e_prince_de_Linange)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles de Linange (3e prince de Linange)">Charles de Linange</a>, troisième prince de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Linange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principauté de Linange">Linange</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1804-09-12" data-sort-value="1804-09-12">12 septembre 1804</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Joseph_Sommer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johann Friedrich Joseph Sommer">Johann Friedrich Joseph Sommer</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journaliste">journaliste</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89diteur_(m%C3%A9tier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Éditeur (métier)">éditeur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juriste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juriste">juriste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalité politique">homme politique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_germanique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération germanique">allemand</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1793-01-26" data-sort-value="1793-01-26">26 janvier 1793</time>).</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 novembre">21 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_de_Steuben?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles de Steuben">Charles de Steuben</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1788-04-18" data-sort-value="1788-04-18">18 avril 1788</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_novembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 novembre">22 novembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Prisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Prisse">Albert Prisse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Militaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Militaire">militaire</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ingénieur">ingénieur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diplomate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomate">diplomate</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme_d%E2%80%99%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Homme d’État">homme d’État</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">belge</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1788-06-24" data-sort-value="1788-06-24">24 juin 1788</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_d%C3%A9cembre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 décembre">22 décembre</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules-Claude_Ziegler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules-Claude Ziegler">Jules-Claude Ziegler</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> de l'école <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">française</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1804-03-16" data-sort-value="1804-03-16">16 mars 1804</time>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Date précise inconnue : <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_S%C3%A9bastien_Frost%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Sébastien Frosté">Nicolas Sébastien Frosté</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1790-08-21" data-sort-value="1790-08-21">21 août 1790</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martha_Ann_Honeywell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martha Ann Honeywell">Martha Ann Honeywell</a>, artiste américaine handicapée (° 1856).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kim_Jeong-hui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kim Jeong-hui">Kim Jeong-hui</a>, calligraphe et homme politique coréen de la dynastie de Joseon (° 1786).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_S%C3%A9bastien_Maillot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Sébastien Maillot">Nicolas Sébastien Maillot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a>, plus connu pour son activité de restaurateur de tableaux (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1771-06-01" data-sort-value="1771-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> juin 1771</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre-Th%C3%A9odore_Suau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre-Théodore Suau">Pierre-Théodore Suau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peinture_d%27histoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peinture d'histoire">d’histoire</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° 1789).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcel_Verdier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcel Verdier">Marcel Verdier</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artiste_peintre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artiste peintre">peintre</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">français</a> (° <time class="nowrap" datetime="1817-05-20" data-sort-value="1817-05-20">20 mai 1817</time>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstant%C3%ADnos_Zogr%C3%A1fos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konstantínos Zográfos">Konstantínos Zográfos</a>, médecin, homme politique et diplomate grec (° 1796).</li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Notes_et_références">Notes et références</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> A. Doris Banks Henries et Joseph Jenkins Roberts, <cite class="italique">The life of Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1809-1876) and his inaugural addresses</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>, <time>1964</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIZ4PAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DJanuary%2B7,%2B1856%26pg%3DPA97">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Joseph+Jenkins+Roberts+%281809-1876%29+and+his+inaugural+addresses&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.aulast=Banks+Henries&rft.aufirst=A.+Doris&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Joseph+Jenkins&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Christian-Tobie Kuoh, <cite class="italique">Mon témoignage : Le Cameroun de l’indépendance, 1958-1970</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Karthala Éditions, <time>1990</time>, 214 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-268-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-268-3">978-2-86537-268-3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DpsuMzuq5xngC%26pg%3DPA15">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mon+t%C3%A9moignage+%3A+Le+Cameroun+de+l%E2%80%99ind%C3%A9pendance%2C+1958-1970&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Kuoh&rft.aufirst=Christian-Tobie&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=214&rft.isbn=978-2-86537-268-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Nicolas Metegue N'Nah, <cite class="italique">L'implantation coloniale au Gabon : La résistance d'un peuple</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, 128 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-27694-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-27694-9">978-2-296-27694-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DF5yqs8-xcK0C%26pg%3DPA18">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27implantation+coloniale+au+Gabon&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=La+r%C3%A9sistance+d%27un+peuple&rft.au=Nicolas+Metegue+N%27Nah&rft.tpages=128&rft.isbn=978-2-296-27694-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <cite class="italique">Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 42, H.M. Stationery Office, <time>1856</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D4rISAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA89">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Papers%2C+House+of+Commons+and+Command&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1856&rft.volume=42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Bonnie G. Smith, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Oxford (GB)/New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2008</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-514890-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-514890-9">978-0-19-514890-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DEFI7tr9XK6EC%26pg%3DPA356">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+World+History&rft.place=Oxford+%28GB%29%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+G.&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=1&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514890-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> Gaston Boyer et Jean Rouch, <cite class="italique">Un peuple de l'Ouest soudanais, les Diawara</cite>, IFAN, <time>1953</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dx148AQAAIAAJ%26dq%3D1856%2BDiabigu%25C3%25A9%26pg%3DPA44">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+peuple+de+l%27Ouest+soudanais%2C+les+Diawara&rft.pub=IFAN&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft.au=Jean+Rouch&rft.date=1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Konaré-7">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Konar%C3%A9_7-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Konar%C3%A9_7-1">b</a> Alpha Oumar Konaré et Adam Ba Konaré, <cite class="italique">Grandes dates du Mali</cite>, Editions-Impr. du Mali, <time>1983</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DvZ9EAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA57">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grandes+dates+du+Mali&rft.pub=Editions-Impr.+du+Mali&rft.aulast=Konar%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Alpha+Oumar&rft.au=Konar%C3%A9%2C+Adam+Ba&rft.date=1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> Augustin Cochin, <cite class="italique">L'abolition de l'esclavage</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, J. Lecoffre, <time>1861</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DyqkNAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA231">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27abolition+de+l%27esclavage&rft.pub=J.+Lecoffre&rft.aulast=Cochin&rft.aufirst=Augustin&rft.date=1861&rft.volume=2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> Émile Ducoudray, <cite class="italique">El Hadj Omar, le prophète armé</cite>, Paris, Editions ABC., <time>1975</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Hadj+Omar%2C+le+proph%C3%A8te+arm%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Editions+ABC.&rft.aulast=Ducoudray&rft.aufirst=%C3%89mile&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> Francis Koerner, <cite class="italique">Madagascar : colonisation française et nationalisme malgache : <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle">XXe</abbr> siècle</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1994</time>, 462 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-28635-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-28635-1">978-2-296-28635-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0DwO_h2PYfIC%26pg%3DPA151">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madagascar+%3A+colonisation+fran%C3%A7aise+et+nationalisme+malgache+%3A+XXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Koerner&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=462&rft.isbn=978-2-296-28635-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Henri Médard et Jean-Pierre Chrétien, <cite class="italique">Le royaume du Buganda au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle">XIXe</abbr> siècle</cite>, Karthala Éditions, <time>2007</time>, 651 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-4139-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-4139-4">978-2-8111-4139-4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0h4nStucMdIC%26pg%3DPA570">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+royaume+du+Buganda+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9dard&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.au=Jean-Pierre+Chr%C3%A9tien&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=651&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-4139-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <cite class="italique">Bullettino dell'Istmo di Suez</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Turin, Stamperia dell' Unione tipografico-editrice, <time>1856</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DUYhRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA506">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bullettino+dell%27Istmo+di+Suez&rft.place=Turin&rft.pub=Stamperia+dell%27+Unione+tipografico-editrice&rft.date=1856&rft.volume=1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Lavergne-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lavergne_13-0">↑</a> Marc Lavergne, <cite class="italique">Le Soudan contemporain : de l'invasion turco-égyptienne à la rébellion africaine (1821-1989)</cite>, Karthala Éditions, <time>1989</time>, 638 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-222-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-222-5">978-2-86537-222-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBT-WY68Y1uEC%26pg%3DPA131">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Soudan+contemporain+%3A+de+l%27invasion+turco-%C3%A9gyptienne+%C3%A0+la+r%C3%A9bellion+africaine+%281821-1989%29&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Lavergne&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=1989&rft.tpages=638&rft.isbn=978-2-86537-222-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Laband-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Laband_14-0">↑</a> John Laband, <cite class="italique">Historical Dictionary of the Zulu Wars</cite>, Scarecrow Press, <time>2009</time>, 448 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8108-6300-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8108-6300-2">978-0-8108-6300-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DPnf1BC_XORoC%26pg%3DPA315">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Zulu+Wars&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.aulast=Laband&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=448&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6300-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> Kevin Shillington, <cite class="italique">Encyclopedia of African History</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2013</time>, 1912 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-135-45670-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-135-45670-2">978-1-135-45670-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DumyHqvAErOAC%26pg%3DPA505">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Shillington&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=1912&rft.isbn=978-1-135-45670-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> Jean Rouch, <cite class="italique">Les cavaliers aux vautours. Les conquêtes zerma dans le Gurunsi (1856-1900)</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 60, Journal des africanistes, <time>1990</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jafr_0399-0346_1990_num_60_2_2449">présentation en ligne</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 8<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+cavaliers+aux+vautours.+Les+conqu%C3%AAtes+zerma+dans+le+Gurunsi+%281856-1900%29&rft.pub=Journal+des+africanistes&rft.aulast=Rouch&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Ferdinand de Lesseps, <cite class="italique">Question du canal de Suez</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plon">Plon</a>, <time>1860</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrvpNYhxJRXoC%26pg%3DPA95">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Question+du+canal+de+Suez&rft.pub=Plon&rft.au=Ferdinand+de+Lesseps&rft.date=1860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Knut S. Vikør, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Sufi and scholar on the desert edge : Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Sanūsī and his brotherhood</cite>, Evanston (Ill.), Northwestern University Press, <time>1995</time>, 310 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8101-1226-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8101-1226-1">978-0-8101-1226-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMsNAJ12T4_cC%26pg%3DPA180">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufi+and+scholar+on+the+desert+edge&rft.place=Evanston+%28Ill.%29&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.stitle=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+b.+%CA%BFAl%C4%AB+al-San%C5%ABs%C4%AB+and+his+brotherhood&rft.aulast=Vik%C3%B8r&rft.aufirst=Knut+S.&rft.date=1995&rft.tpages=310&rft.isbn=978-0-8101-1226-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Houdin-19">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Houdin_19-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Houdin_19-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Houdin_19-2">c</a> Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin, <cite class="italique">Confidences de Robert-Houdin</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Achille_Bourdilliat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achille Bourdilliat">A. Bourdilliat et cie</a>, <time>1861</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D7AA5AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA205">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confidences+de+Robert-Houdin&rft.pub=A.+Bourdilliat+et+cie&rft.aulast=Robert-Houdin&rft.aufirst=Jean-Eug%C3%A8ne&rft.date=1861&rft.volume=2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> Abdelkhaleq Berramdane, <cite class="italique">Le Maroc et l'Occident : 1800-1974</cite>, Karthala Éditions, <time>1987</time>, 447 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-171-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-171-6">978-2-86537-171-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6K3hoXbeVO4C%26pg%3DPA21">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Maroc+et+l%27Occident&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.stitle=1800-1974&rft.aulast=Berramdane&rft.aufirst=Abdelkhaleq&rft.date=1987&rft.tpages=447&rft.isbn=978-2-86537-171-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> John Ninet et Anwar Lūqā, <cite class="italique">Lettres d'Égypte : 1879-1882</cite>, <time>1979</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-222-02536-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-222-02536-8">978-2-222-02536-8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6F0vAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dconscription%26pg%3DPA37">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lettres+d%27%C3%89gypte&rft.stitle=1879-1882&rft.aulast=Ninet&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Anwar+L%C5%ABq%C4%81&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-2-222-02536-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Karl freiherr von Martens et Ferdinand de Cornot baron de Cussy, <cite class="italique">Recueil manuel et pratique de traités, conventions et autres actes diplomatique</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 7, F.A. Brockhaus, <time>1857</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYqE6AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA476">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recueil+manuel+et+pratique+de+trait%C3%A9s%2C+conventions+et+autres+actes+diplomatique&rft.pub=F.A.+Brockhaus&rft.au=Karl+freiherr+von+Martens&rft.au=Ferdinand+de+Cornot+baron+de+Cussy&rft.date=1857&rft.volume=7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Patrick Boman, <cite class="italique">Boulevard de la flibuste : Nicaragua 1850-1860</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ginkgo_%C3%A9diteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ginkgo éditeur">Ginkgo éditeur</a>, <time>2007</time>, 301 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84679-054-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84679-054-3">978-2-84679-054-3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DlpTH2gZI_eQC%26pg%3DPA125">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boulevard+de+la+flibuste&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Ginkgo+%C3%A9diteur&rft.stitle=Nicaragua+1850-1860&rft.aulast=Boman&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=301&rft.isbn=978-2-84679-054-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Gale-24">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gale_24-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gale_24-1">b</a> Robert L. Gale, <cite class="italique">A Herman Melville Encyclopedia</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>1995</time>, 536 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-29011-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-29011-4">978-0-313-29011-4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DM7Fo3O4f9PkC%26pg%3DPA56">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Herman+Melville+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft.date=1995&rft.tpages=536&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29011-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> Kenniston Lord, <cite class="italique">Return to Cross Island</cite>, Lulu.com, <time>2006</time>, 327 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4116-7323-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4116-7323-6">978-1-4116-7323-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dup_vR8UckjoC%26pg%3DPA35">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Return+to+Cross+Island&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Kenniston&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=327&rft.isbn=978-1-4116-7323-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Alain Rouquié, <cite class="italique">Le Mexique : Un État nord-américain</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2013</time>, 496 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-67965-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-67965-5">978-2-213-67965-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJPYkgUaz1m4C%26pg%3DPAPT29">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Mexique&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=Un+%C3%89tat+nord-am%C3%A9ricain&rft.aulast=Rouqui%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=496&rft.isbn=978-2-213-67965-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <cite class="italique">United States Congressional serial set</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1385, U.S. Government Printing Office, <time>1869</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DT1RHAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA25">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Congressional+serial+set&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1869&rft.volume=1385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> François Buioz, <cite class="italique">Annuaire des deux mondes : histoire générale des divers états ; année 1850-1866/67</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 7, Bureau de l'Annuaire des deux mondes, <time>1857</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D057P7UVh4x0C%26pg%3DPA833">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuaire+des+deux+mondes+%3A+histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+des+divers+%C3%A9tats+%3B+ann%C3%A9e+1850-1866%2F67&rft.pub=Bureau+de+l%27Annuaire+des+deux+mondes&rft.aulast=Buioz&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=1857&rft.volume=7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Philip J. Ethington, <cite class="italique">The Public City : The Political Construction of Urban Life in San Francisco, 1850-1900</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1994</time>, 464 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-41565-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-41565-1">978-0-521-41565-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVaqYRav9fVoC%26pg%3DPA74">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Public+City+%3A+The+Political+Construction+of+Urban+Life+in+San+Francisco%2C+1850-1900&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Ethington&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=464&rft.isbn=978-0-521-41565-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> Patrick Boman, op. cit, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 153.</li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> S. N. Sen, <cite class="italique">History Modern India</cite>, New Age Publishers, <time>2006</time>, 244 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-224-1774-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-224-1774-6">978-81-224-1774-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dga-pmgxsWwoC%26pg%3DPA51">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Modern+India&rft.pub=New+Age+Publishers&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=S.+N.&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=244&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1774-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Perrin-32"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Perrin_32-0">↑</a> Dominique Perrin, <cite class="italique">Palestine : une terre, deux peuples</cite>, Presses univ. Septentrion, <time>2000</time>, 346 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-85939-603-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-85939-603-9">978-2-85939-603-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMLMJ2CQ3te4C%26pg%3DPA82">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine&rft.pub=Presses+univ.+Septentrion&rft.stitle=une+terre%2C+deux+peuples&rft.aulast=Perrin&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=346&rft.isbn=978-2-85939-603-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> Louis Gaston de Ségur, <cite class="italique">Instructions familières et lectures du soir sur toutes les vérités de la religion</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Tolra et Haton, <time>1863</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DU_9FAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA419">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Instructions+famili%C3%A8res+et+lectures+du+soir+sur+toutes+les+v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9s+de+la+religion&rft.pub=Tolra+et+Haton&rft.aulast=de+S%C3%A9gur&rft.aufirst=Louis+Gaston&rft.date=1863&rft.volume=2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> Singh Chandok et Emmanuel Ablancourt, <cite class="italique">Histoire du Népal</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6, l'Harmattan, <time>2013</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-57464-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-57464-9">978-2-296-57464-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXsBRB_SfBbsC%26pg%3DPAPT89">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+N%C3%A9pal&rft.pub=l%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Chandok&rft.aufirst=Singh&rft.au=Emmanuel+Ablancourt&rft.date=2013&rft.volume=6&rft.isbn=978-2-296-57464-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> William G. Beasley, <cite class="italique">The Meiji Restoration</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, <time>1972</time>, 528 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8047-7990-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8047-7990-6">978-0-8047-7990-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk2FQEaQtWHIC%26pg%3DPA121">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meiji+Restoration&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Beasley&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft.date=1972&rft.tpages=528&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-7990-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> Carol Ann Benedict, <cite class="italique">Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-century China</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, <time>1996</time>, 256 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8047-2661-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8047-2661-0">978-0-8047-2661-0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dgxa7jcVIR9MC%26pg%3DPA39">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bubonic+Plague+in+Nineteenth-century+China&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=Carol+Ann&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=256&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2661-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> Robert D. Craig, <cite class="italique">Historical Dictionary of Polynesia</cite>, Rowman & Littlefield, <time>2011</time>, 440 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8108-6772-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8108-6772-7">978-0-8108-6772-7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJulc0FIsYMEC%26pg%3DPA192">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Polynesia&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=440&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6772-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Riddick-38"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Riddick_38-0">↑</a> John F. Riddick, <cite class="italique">The history of British India : a chronology</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>2006</time>, 367 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-32280-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-32280-8">978-0-313-32280-8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DEs6x4u_g19UC%26pg%3DPA53">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+British+India&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.stitle=a+chronology&rft.aulast=Riddick&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=367&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32280-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Bowman-39"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bowman_39-0">↑</a> John Stewart Bowman, <cite class="italique">Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Columbia_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, <time>2000</time>, 751 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-231-11004-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-231-11004-4">978-0-231-11004-4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DcYoHOqC7Yx4C%26pg%3DPA296">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=John+Stewart&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=751&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11004-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a> Cathal J. Nolan, <cite class="italique">Notable U.S. Ambassadors Since 1775 : A Biographical Dictionary</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>1997</time>, 430 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-29195-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-29195-1">978-0-313-29195-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DkZMeeXLSQhsC%26pg%3DPA144">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notable+U.S.+Ambassadors+Since+1775&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.stitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=Cathal+J.&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=430&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29195-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Sandler-41"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sandler_41-0">↑</a> Stanley Sandler, <cite class="italique">Ground warfare : an international encyclopedia</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC-CLIO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2002</time>, 1067 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57607-344-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57607-344-5">978-1-57607-344-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DL_xxOM85bD8C%26pg%3DPA859">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ground+warfare&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.stitle=an+international+encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=1067&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-344-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <cite class="italique">L'Observateur du dimanche : bulletin de l’œuvre du repos du dimanche et fêtes</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 9, Observateur du dimanche, <time>1862</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtRbCvgyryiAC%26pg%3DPA124">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Observateur+du+dimanche+%3A+bulletin+de+l%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre+du+repos+du+dimanche+et+f%C3%AAtes&rft.pub=Observateur+du+dimanche&rft.date=1862&rft.volume=9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Buioz-43">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Buioz_43-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Buioz_43-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Buioz_43-2">c</a> François Buioz, op. cit, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> 902-905.</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> Sulṭān Muḥammad Qāsimī, <cite class="italique">Les relations entre Oman et la France (1715-1905)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1995</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-3627-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-3627-6">978-2-7384-3627-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbD6oOIFkfS8C%26pg%3DPA128">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+relations+entre+Oman+et+la+France+%281715-1905%29&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Q%C4%81sim%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Sul%E1%B9%AD%C4%81n+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-3627-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Jean Jolly, <cite class="italique">Histoire du continent africain : du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle">XVIIe</abbr> siècle à 1939</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1996</time>, 236 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-4688-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-4688-6">978-2-7384-4688-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfJrGDReJzOUC%26pg%3DPA97">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+continent+africain&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=du+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%2217%E1%B5%89+si%C3%A8cle%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22%3EXVII%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3A72%25%22%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+%C3%A0+1939&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=236&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-4688-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Tony Jaques, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : F-O</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Westport (Conn.), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>2007</time>, 1354 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-33538-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-33538-9">978-0-313-33538-9</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-313-33536-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-313-33536-2">0-313-33536-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDh6jydKXikoC%26pg%3DPA446">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges+%3A+F-O&rft.place=Westport+%28Conn.%29&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=1354&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33538-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Spencer Tucker, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A global chronology of conflict : from the ancient world to the modern Middle East</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Santa Barbara (Calif.), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC-CLIO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2009</time>, 32 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85109-667-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85109-667-1">978-1-85109-667-1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dh5_tSnygvbIC%26pg%3DPA1221">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+global+chronology+of+conflict&rft.place=Santa+Barbara+%28Calif.%29&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.stitle=from+the+ancient+world+to+the+modern+Middle+East&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=32&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-667-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> Roxane Farmanfarmaian, <cite class="italique">War and Peace in Qajar Persia : Implications Past and Present</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2008</time>, 256 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-134-10308-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-134-10308-9">978-1-134-10308-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DFxN9AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA136">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Peace+in+Qajar+Persia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=Implications+Past+and+Present&rft.aulast=Farmanfarmaian&rft.aufirst=Roxane&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=256&rft.isbn=978-1-134-10308-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Ubicini-49">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ubicini_49-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ubicini_49-1">b</a> Abdolonyme Ubicini, <cite class="italique">La Question des Principautés devant l'Europe</cite>, Dentu, <time>1858</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DAoNZAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA11">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Question+des+Principaut%C3%A9s+devant+l%27Europe&rft.pub=Dentu&rft.aulast=Ubicini&rft.aufirst=Abdolonyme&rft.date=1858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Samwer-50">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Samwer_50-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Samwer_50-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Samwer_50-2">c</a> Charles Samwer, <cite class="italique">Nouveau Recueil général de traités, conventions et autres transactions remarquables,</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 15, Gottingue, Librairie de Dieterich, <time>1857</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIeAV4rMzb7AC%26pg%3DPA340">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nouveau+Recueil+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+trait%C3%A9s%2C+conventions+et+autres+transactions+remarquables%2C&rft.place=Gottingue&rft.pub=Librairie+de+Dieterich&rft.aulast=Samwer&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1857&rft.volume=15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-Duckett-51"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duckett_51-0">↑</a> M. W. Duckett, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture</cite>, Firmin Didot, <time>1873</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2vcGKLFEnm0C%26pg%3DPA77">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+conversation+et+de+la+lecture&rft.pub=Firmin+Didot&rft.aulast=Duckett&rft.aufirst=M.+W.&rft.date=1873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> J. P. T. Bury, <cite class="italique">The Zenith of European Power, 1830-1870</cite>, CUP Archive, <time>1960</time>, 788 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-04548-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-04548-3">978-0-521-04548-3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DjRQ9AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA369">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Zenith+of+European+Power%2C+1830-1870&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.aulast=Bury&rft.aufirst=J.+P.+T.&rft.date=1960&rft.tpages=788&rft.isbn=978-0-521-04548-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, <cite class="italique">Le Malheur russe : Essai sur le meurtre politique</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1988</time>, 560 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64972-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64972-6">978-2-213-64972-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DAq2RkIQvoBkC%26pg%3DPAPT195">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Malheur+russe&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=Essai+sur+le+meurtre+politique&rft.au=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Carr%C3%A8re+d%27Encausse&rft.date=1988&rft.tpages=560&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64972-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> Léonard Chodźko, <cite class="italique">Histoire populaire de la Pologne</cite>, Collection G. Barba, <time>1864</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3j20AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA324">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+populaire+de+la+Pologne&rft.pub=Collection+G.+Barba&rft.aulast=Chod%C5%BAko&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9onard&rft.date=1864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <cite class="italique">Journal historique et littéraire</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 23, Liége, P. Kersten, <time>1857</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DU5lUAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA210">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+historique+et+litt%C3%A9raire&rft.place=Li%C3%A9ge&rft.pub=P.+Kersten&rft.date=1857&rft.volume=23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> Georges Fr Wesdehlen, <cite class="italique">Récit des événements de septembre 1856 dans le pays de Neuchâtel</cite>, Dentu, <time>1858</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DOYZRAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA27">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9cit+des+%C3%A9v%C3%A9nements+de+septembre+1856+dans+le+pays+de+Neuch%C3%A2tel&rft.pub=Dentu&rft.au=Georges+Fr+Wesdehlen&rft.date=1858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> Octave Féré et Robert Hyenne, <cite class="italique">Garibaldi</cite>, Paris, Gustave Havard, <time>1861</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfnVZAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA203">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garibaldi&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Gustave+Havard&rft.aulast=F%C3%A9r%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Octave&rft.au=Robert+Hyenne&rft.date=1861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <cite class="italique">The jurist</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, S. Sweet, <time>1857</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DkWxMAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA31">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+jurist&rft.pub=S.+Sweet&rft.date=1857&rft.volume=2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> Patrice Meyzonnier, <cite class="italique">Les forces de police dans l'Union européenne</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1994</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-2084-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-2084-8">978-2-7384-2084-8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrtkhVfVl9kYC%26pg%3DPA309">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+forces+de+police+dans+l%27Union+europ%C3%A9enne&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Meyzonnier&rft.aufirst=Patrice&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-2084-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Maïté Lafourcade, <cite class="italique">La frontière franco-espagnole : lieu de conflits interétatiques et de collaboration interrérionale [sic] : actes de la journée d'étude du 16 novembre 1996 : Centre d'études basques de l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Faculté pluridisciplinaire de Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz</cite>, Presses univ. de Bordeaux Centre d'études basques, <time>1998</time>, 160 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86781-224-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86781-224-8">978-2-86781-224-8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVo9TowwgtdYC%26pg%3DPA67">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+fronti%C3%A8re+franco-espagnole+%3A+lieu+de+conflits+inter%C3%A9tatiques+et+de+collaboration+interr%C3%A9rionale+%5Bsic%5D+%3A+actes+de+la+journ%C3%A9e+d%27%C3%A9tude+du+16+novembre+1996+%3A+Centre+d%27%C3%A9tudes+basques+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+de+Pau+et+des+Pays+de+l%27Adour%2C+Facult%C3%A9+pluridisciplinaire+de+Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz&rft.pub=Presses+univ.+de+Bordeaux+Centre+d%27%C3%A9tudes+basques&rft.aulast=Lafourcade&rft.aufirst=Ma%C3%AFt%C3%A9&rft.date=1998&rft.tpages=160&rft.isbn=978-2-86781-224-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> René Ristelhueber, <cite class="italique">Histoire des peuples balkaniques</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Librairie Arthème Fayard</a>, <time>1950</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXUBpAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D1856%26pg%3DPA171">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+peuples+balkaniques&rft.pub=Librairie+Arth%C3%A8me+Fayard&rft.aulast=Ristelhueber&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.date=1950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> Romain Yakemtchouk, <cite class="italique">Le conflit de Tchétchénie</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-58286-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-58286-6">978-2-296-58286-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dp0eagPBsEoIC%26pg%3DPAPT16">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+conflit+de+Tch%C3%A9tch%C3%A9nie&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Yakemtchouk&rft.aufirst=Romain&rft.isbn=978-2-296-58286-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1856"></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1856?uselang%3Dfr">1856</a>, sur Wikimedia Commons</li> <li class="wikisource"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Cat%25C3%25A9gorie:1856" class="extiw" title="s:Catégorie:1856">1856</a>, sur Wikisource</li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.bnf.fr/date/1856/">L’année 1856</a> sur le site de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des années 1850"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg/32px-Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg/32px-Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="32" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg/48px-Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg/64px-Pendule_de_Foucault_au_musee_des_arts_et_metiers.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Années 1850">Portail des années 1850</a> </li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du XIXe siècle"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/48px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 48px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/48px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="48" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/72px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/96px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:XIXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle">XIXe</abbr> siècle</a> </li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du monde contemporain"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="18" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a> </li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D1856%26oldid%3D222788562">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1856&oldid=222788562</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1856&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Dernière modification le 7 février 2025, à 09:57 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25E1%258A%25A5.%25E1%258A%25A4.%25E1%258A%25A0." title="1856 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1856 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B5%25DB%25B6_(%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C)" title="۱۸۵۶ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۵۶ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B9%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1856 йыл – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1856 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AE%25E0%25A7%25AB%25E0%25A7%25AC" title="১৮৫৬ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৫৬" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AE%25E0%25A7%25AB%25E0%25A7%25AC" title="মারি ১৮৫৬ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৫৬" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856." title="1856. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1856." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_ni%25C3%25A8ng" title="1856 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1856 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D1%2588%25D0%25BE" title="1856 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1856 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25A1%25D9%25A8%25D9%25A5%25D9%25A6" title="١٨٥٦ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٥٦" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B5%25DB%25B6" title="۱۸۵۶ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۵۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1856年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1856年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856-ngi%25C3%25A8n" title="1856-ngièn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1856-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25AC" title="१८५६ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८५६" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856." title="1856. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1856." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1856 (almanak gregoryen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1856 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="1856 թուական – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1856 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1856年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1856年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1856 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1856 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B3%25A7%25E0%25B3%25AE%25E0%25B3%25AB%25E0%25B3%25AC" title="೧೮೫೬ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೫೬" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25EB%2585%2584" title="1856년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1856년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="1856 джыл – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1856 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856-%25D3%25A7%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="1856-ӧд во – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1856-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="1856 йис – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1856 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_m." title="1856 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1856 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856._gads" title="1856. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1856. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25AC" title="१८५६ – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८५६" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587.%25E0%25A4%25B8._%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25AC" title="इ.स. १८५६ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८५६" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B8" title="1856 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1856 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2581%2581%25E1%2581%2588%25E1%2581%2585%25E1%2581%2586" title="၁၈၅၆ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၅၆" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="1856 ие – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1856 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B8%25DB%25B5%25DB%25B6" title="۱۸۵۶ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۵۶" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582_%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25AC" title="ई सं १८५६ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८५६" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AD%25A7%25E0%25AD%25AE%25E0%25AD%25AB%25E0%25AD%25AC" title="୧୮୫୬ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୫୬" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856-%25C3%25A6%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="1856-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1856-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25AC" title="१८५६ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८५६" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_iya" title="1856 iya – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="1856 iya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4" title="1856 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1856 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AE%25E0%25A5%25AB%25E0%25A5%25AC" title="१८५६ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८५६" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25D8%25B9" title="1856ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1856ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856." title="1856. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1856." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8_1856" title="Соли 1856 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1856" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259E.%25E0%25B8%25A8._2399" title="พ.ศ. 2399 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2399" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB" title="1856 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1856 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="1856 ар – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1856 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25D8%25A1" title="1856ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1856ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1856年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1856年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_nienz" title="1856 nienz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1856 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" title="1856 – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1856" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1856年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1856年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_n%25C3%25AE" title="1856 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1856 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%25E5%25B9%25B4" title="1856年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1856年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 février 2025 à 09:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> sauf mention contraire.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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