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class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ru.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ирекле энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ba.svg" width="118" height="11" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%28%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%29" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%28%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%29" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%28%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%29" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%28%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%29" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Төп_мәғлүмәттәр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Төп_мәғлүмәттәр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Төп мәғлүмәттәр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Төп_мәғлүмәттәр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Юлдашты_асыу_һәм_уның_атамаһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Юлдашты_асыу_һәм_уның_атамаһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Юлдашты асыу һәм уның атамаһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Юлдашты_асыу_һәм_уның_атамаһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тикшеренеүҙәр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тикшеренеүҙәр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Тикшеренеүҙәр</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Тикшеренеүҙәр-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Тикшеренеүҙәр бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Тикшеренеүҙәр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Киләсәктәге_йыһан_аппараттары_проекттары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Киләсәктәге_йыһан_аппараттары_проекттары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Киләсәктәге йыһан аппараттары проекттары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Киләсәктәге_йыһан_аппараттары_проекттары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Орбитаһы_һәм_әйләнеүе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Орбитаһы_һәм_әйләнеүе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Орбитаһы һәм әйләнеүе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Орбитаһы_һәм_әйләнеүе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Физик_характеристикалары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Физик_характеристикалары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Физик характеристикалары</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Физик_характеристикалары-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Физик характеристикалары бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Физик_характеристикалары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Составы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Составы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Составы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Составы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эске_структураһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эске_структураһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Эске структураһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эске_структураһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Өҫкө_йөҙөнөң_деталдәре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Өҫкө_йөҙөнөң_деталдәре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Өҫкө йөҙөнөң деталдәре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Өҫкө_йөҙөнөң_деталдәре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Атмосфераһы_һәм_ионосфераһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атмосфераһы_һәм_ионосфераһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Атмосфераһы һәм ионосфераһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атмосфераһы_һәм_ионосфераһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Океанда_тереклектең_булыу_мөмкинлеге" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Океанда_тереклектең_булыу_мөмкинлеге"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Океанда тереклектең булыу мөмкинлеге</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Океанда_тереклектең_булыу_мөмкинлеге-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Колониялаштырыу_потенциалы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Колониялаштырыу_потенциалы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Колониялаштырыу потенциалы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Колониялаштырыу_потенциалы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Каллисто (юлдаш)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 94 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(maan)" title="Kallisto (maan) — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kallisto (maan)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(Mond)" title="Kallisto (Mond) — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kallisto (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisto_(satelite)" title="Calisto (satelite) — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Calisto (satelite)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_(%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1)" title="كاليستو (قمر) — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاليستو (قمر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88" title="كاليسطو — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كاليسطو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(peyk)" title="Kallisto (peyk) — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kallisto (peyk)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_(%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1)" title="کالیستو (قمر) — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالیستو (قمر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Каліста (спадарожнік) — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каліста (спадарожнік)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Калисто (спътник) — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калисто (спътник)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9)" title="ক্যালিস্টো (প্রাকৃতিক উপগ্রহ) — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যালিস্টো (প্রাকৃতিক উপগ্রহ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(loarenn)" title="Kallisto (loarenn) — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kallisto (loarenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(satelit)" title="Kalisto (satelit) — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalisto (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C2%B7listo_(sat%C3%A8l%C2%B7lit)" title="Cal·listo (satèl·lit) — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cal·listo (satèl·lit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(%C3%B4i-s%C4%ADng)" title="Callisto (ôi-sĭng) — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Callisto (ôi-sĭng)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="کالیستۆ (مانگ) — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کالیستۆ (مانگ)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callistu_(astrunumia)" title="Callistu (astrunumia) — корсиканский" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Callistu (astrunumia)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto" title="Callisto — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Callisto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Каллисто (çулташ) — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Каллисто (çулташ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(lloeren)" title="Callisto (lloeren) — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Callisto (lloeren)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto" title="Callisto — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Callisto" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(Mond)" title="Kallisto (Mond) — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kallisto (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E_(%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Καλλιστώ (δορυφόρος) — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλλιστώ (δορυφόρος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon) — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Callisto (moon)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(luno)" title="Kalisto (luno) — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalisto (luno)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisto_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Calisto (satélite) — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calisto (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(Jupiteri_kaaslane)" title="Callisto (Jupiteri kaaslane) — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Callisto (Jupiteri kaaslane)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto" title="Kalisto — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalisto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_(%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1)" title="کالیستو (قمر) — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیستو (قمر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(kuu)" title="Kallisto (kuu) — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kallisto (kuu)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(lune)" title="Callisto (lune) — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Callisto (lune)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisto_(sat%C3%A8lite)" title="Calisto (satèlite) — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Calisto (satèlite)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(gealach)" title="Callisto (gealach) — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Callisto (gealach)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisto_(l%C3%BAa)" title="Calisto (lúa) — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calisto (lúa)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(eayst)" title="Callisto (eayst) — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Callisto (eayst)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95_(%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%97)" title="קליסטו (ירח) — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קליסטו (ירח)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="कलिस्टो (उपग्रह) — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कलिस्टो (उपग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalista_(mjesec)" title="Kalista (mjesec) — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalista (mjesec)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto" title="Callisto — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Callisto" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Կալիստո (արբանյակ) — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիստո (արբանյակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(satelit)" title="Kalisto (satelit) — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalisto (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto" title="Kalisto — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalisto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallist%C3%B3_(tungl)" title="Kallistó (tungl) — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kallistó (tungl)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(astronomia)" title="Callisto (astronomia) — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Callisto (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="カリスト (衛星) — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリスト (衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="კალისტო — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალისტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="칼리스토 (위성) — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼리스토 (위성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%82%D3%A7%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C)" title="Каллисто (тӧлысь) — коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Каллисто (тӧлысь)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Каллисто — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каллисто" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(satelles)" title="Callisto (satelles) — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Callisto (satelles)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(Mound)" title="Kallisto (Mound) — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kallisto (Mound)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisto_(corp_celest)" title="Calisto (corp celest) — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Calisto (corp celest)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalista_(palydovas)" title="Kalista (palydovas) — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalista (palydovas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(pavadonis)" title="Kallisto (pavadonis) — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kallisto (pavadonis)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(satelit)" title="Kalisto (satelit) — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kalisto (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Калиста (месечина) — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калиста (месечина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B" title="കാലിസ്റ്റോ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാലിസ്റ്റോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="कॅलिस्टो (उपग्रह) — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅलिस्टो (उपग्रह)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(bulan)" title="Callisto (bulan) — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Callisto (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisto_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Calisto (satélite) — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Calisto (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_(%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C)" title="ကလက်စတို (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ) — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလက်စတို (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(Maand)" title="Kallisto (Maand) — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kallisto (Maand)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(maan)" title="Callisto (maan) — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Callisto (maan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiterm%C3%A5nen_Callisto" title="Jupitermånen Callisto — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jupitermånen Callisto" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Callisto (måne) — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Callisto (måne)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(satellit)" title="Callisto (satellit) — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Callisto (satellit)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Kallisto (księżyc) — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kallisto (księżyc)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88" title="کالسٹو — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کالسٹو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisto_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Calisto (satélite) — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calisto (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(satelit)" title="Callisto (satelit) — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Callisto (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Каллисто (спутник) — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каллисто (спутник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callistu_(sat%C3%A8lliti)" title="Callistu (satèlliti) — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Callistu (satèlliti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(mjesec)" title="Kalisto (mjesec) — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalisto (mjesec)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D" title="කැලිස්ටෝ — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැලිස්ටෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Callisto (moon)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(mesiac)" title="Kalisto (mesiac) — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalisto (mesiac)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(luna)" title="Kalisto (luna) — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalisto (luna)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82)" title="Калисто (сателит) — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калисто (сателит)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto" title="Callisto — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Callisto" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisto_(mwezi)" title="Kalisto (mwezi) — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kalisto (mwezi)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B" title="கலிஸ்டோ — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலிஸ்டோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84)" title="Каллисто (радиф) — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Каллисто (радиф)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="คัลลิสโต — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัลลิสโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(uydu)" title="Callisto (uydu) — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Callisto (uydu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Каллисто (иярчен) — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каллисто (иярчен)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Каллісто (супутник) — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каллісто (супутник)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_(%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="کالستو (چاند) — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کالستو (چاند)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallisto" title="Kallisto — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kallisto" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(v%E1%BB%87_tinh)" title="Callisto (vệ tinh) — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Callisto (vệ tinh)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(bulan)" title="Callisto (bulan) — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Callisto (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木卫四" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木卫四" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B" title="木衛四 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="木衛四" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(o%C4%93-chhe%E2%81%BF)" title="Callisto (oē-chheⁿ) — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Callisto (oē-chheⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9E%E5%9B%9B" title="木衞四 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木衞四" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3134#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Эстәлек битен ҡарау [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бит</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Биттең эстәлеге тураһында фекерләшеү (был бит юҡ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Телде үҙгәртергә" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&oldid=1257897" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%28%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%29&id=1257897&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE_%28%25D1%258E%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%29"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE_%28%25D1%258E%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%29"><span>QR код алыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%28%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%29"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%28%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Callisto" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3134" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1278674">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-above{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-label{width:9em;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:left;padding-left:.4em;padding-right:.4em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-below{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-error{background:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#ffe9e5);border:1px solid var(--border-color-error,#9f3526);text-align:center}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox ts-Универсальная_карточка"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсальная_карточка-above">Каллисто</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q3134$8DB3A5B1-A285-4F5D-8B0F-F35688CB6289" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Callisto_-_July_8_1979_(38926064465).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Рәсем" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Callisto_-_July_8_1979_%2838926064465%29.jpg/274px-Callisto_-_July_8_1979_%2838926064465%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Callisto_-_July_8_1979_%2838926064465%29.jpg/411px-Callisto_-_July_8_1979_%2838926064465%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Callisto_-_July_8_1979_%2838926064465%29.jpg/548px-Callisto_-_July_8_1979_%2838926064465%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="1655" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Исем</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$5efafa43-4aaf-e4a2-e2ca-7a522e511fdb" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2561"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="lang" lang="und">Júpiter IV</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Масса</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$f33a3ec5-42e5-9f6c-d2be-77a5eb1f0317" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2067"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">107,566 ± 0,003 йоттаграмм</span><sup id="cite_ref-_da6c4d7f60896bb1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_da6c4d7f60896bb1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Кем хөрмәтенә аталған</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q3134$49CCA841-32DC-4E84-9F93-A68220392C2D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P138"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q203673&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Каллисто</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203673" class="extiw" title="d:Q203673">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Кем ҡушҡан</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$B0660CF1-B583-4D02-A918-C8EE898FD4ED" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3938"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q76684&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Марий, Симон</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76684" class="extiw" title="d:Q76684">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$31055F36-4BB5-4AF4-B127-6A3C2A88667A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P989"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="274" style="width:274px;" data-durationhint="329" data-mwtitle="Pt-Calisto_(satélite)_intro.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Pt-Calisto_%28sat%C3%A9lite%29_intro.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Pt-Calisto_%28sat%C3%A9lite%29_intro.ogg/Pt-Calisto_%28sat%C3%A9lite%29_intro.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Асыусы йәки уйлап табыусы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q3134$449A6706-725A-4EDE-8B9C-E05AB05FBC16" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P61"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Галилео Галилей">Галилео Галилей</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Асыу датаһы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q3134$06e2ebcc-47bc-1f55-890b-a69782bf5bb1" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P575"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/7_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" title="7 ғинуар">7 ғинуар</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1610_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1610 йыл (был бит юҡ)">1610</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_80fd7c59f56648fd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_80fd7c59f56648fd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P397" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P397">Родительское тело</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q3134$EDCB1BE6-7FED-419F-BB90-38F00809F66D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P397"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юпитер">Юпитер</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P2243" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P2243">Апоцентр</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$4D12FB39-F31D-45AD-9302-FD529B6FB0AD" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2243"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">1 897 000 km</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P2244" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P2244">Перицентр</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$2A58C3FD-0C79-4C40-B532-5A7DA6789807" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2244"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">1 869 000 km</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Орбита эксцентриситеты</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$2E25DA90-CF4D-4241-B3DF-2C715DCD1C43" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1096"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">0,0074</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P2045" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P2045">Наклонение орбиты</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$69D03BF5-B132-4492-A50C-5F0F4844D980" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2045"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">2,017 °</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P2146" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P2146">Орбитальный период</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$DE995413-C530-43B5-8A36-FDEEEF8E7353" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2146"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">16,689 тәүлек</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P2233" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P2233">Большая полуось орбиты</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$DBE80C3F-5FA9-42D2-AAFE-494C7163F9C9" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2233"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">1 882 700 km</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1215" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1215">Видимая звёздная величина</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$F3DADD9A-2B37-4F39-8FF6-3EB6CAA539FB" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1215"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">5,65</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P4501" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P4501">Альбедо</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$9A55F8E8-80DA-401B-8FE5-C20C63365D6C" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P4501"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">0,22</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Тығыҙлыҡ</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$F235A360-48E7-4D8A-A915-90D1B7E92FEE" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2054"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">1,8344 грамм на кубический сантиметр</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Температура</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$5793D728-E210-49FC-BCC6-2D164DFA466D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2076"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">80 K</span><sup id="cite_ref-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$7C284EFB-FE6B-42F0-903B-9AF729C736CD" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2076"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">134 K</span><sup id="cite_ref-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$CDE01D3E-630C-42C8-94F2-27CB36C3D722" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2076"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">165 K</span><sup id="cite_ref-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Майҙан</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$93f0dece-4c5f-45fc-1ce1-49a83403743a" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2046"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">73 000 000 км²</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Күләме</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$e37d7adc-4be3-6876-2fc6-338602c1495d" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2234"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">59 000 000 000 км³</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P2120" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P2120">Радиус</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$b1b71446-4794-9b8c-fe30-0b9f597b9af1" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2120"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">2410,3 ± 1,5 km</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$d81493a3-4699-94e0-1c04-9964083ed093" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P367"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Callisto_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Астрономик символ һүрәте" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Callisto_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/274px-Callisto_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Callisto_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/411px-Callisto_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Callisto_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/548px-Callisto_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P7015" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P7015">Поверхностная гравитация</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q3134$D7FAA97A-AEF7-49E2-8099-B7E4C880EA43" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P7015"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">1,235 сантиметр на секунду в квадрате</span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below ts-Универсальная_карточка-below"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q3134$984FCE34-70B2-4E7E-AF1B-64A382DD0D0D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Callisto_(moon)" title="commons:Category:Callisto (moon)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Callisto_(moon)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Callisto (moon)">Каллисто Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Каллисто (лат. Callisto; др.-греч. Καλλιστώ) - Юпитерҙың ҙурлығы буйынса икенсе юлдашы (Ганимедтан ҡала), дүрт галилея юлдашының береһе һәм улар араһында планетанан иң алыҫы. Ҡояш системаһында Ганимед һәм Титандан ҡала ҙурлығы буйынса өсөнсө юлдаш. Титан 1610 йылда Галилео Галилей тарафынан асыла, боронғо грек мифологияһы персонажы - Зевстың һөйәркәһе Каллисто хөрмәтенә аталған. </p><p>Каллисто тирәһендә радиация фонының түбән кимәлдә һәм уның күләме ярайһы уҡ ҙур булыуы сәбәпле, Юпитер системаһын артабан үҙләштереүҙе яҡынлаштырыу маҡсатында, йыш ҡына уның өҫтөндә кешелеккә файҙа килтерә алған станция төҙөргә тәҡдим итәләр. 2015 йылға был юлдаш тураһында төп мәғлүмәт "Галилео" аппараты тарафынан алынған; башҡа автоматик планета-ара станциялар (АПС-тар) — "Пионер-10", "Пионер-11", "Вояджер-1", "Вояджер-2", "Кассини" һәм "Яңы горизонттар" — уны башҡа объекттарға осоп барғанда юл ыңғайы ғына тикшерәләр. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Төп_мәғлүмәттәр"><span id=".D0.A2.D3.A9.D0.BF_.D0.BC.D3.99.D2.93.D0.BB.D2.AF.D0.BC.D3.99.D1.82.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Төп мәғлүмәттәр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Төп мәғлүмәттәр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=1" title="Төп мәғлүмәттәр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Каллисто - синхрон юлдаш: уның үҙ күсәре тирәләй әйләнеү осоро уның орбиталь осорона тиң, шулай итеп, ул һәр ваҡыт Юпитерға бер яҡ менән генә ҡарай. Каллисто, башҡа эре юлдаштар менән юғары йышлыҡтағы орбиталь резонанста булмау сәбәпле, Ио, Европа, Ганимед яғынан булған ҡуҙғытыу уның орбитаһының эксцентриситетын арттырмай һәм үҙәк планета менән үҙ-ара тәьҫир итешеү арҡаһында тулҡынлы йылытыуға килтермәй<sup id="cite_ref-Musotto2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musotto2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Каллисто - <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%88_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡояш системаһы">Ҡояш системаһында</a> ҙурлығы буйынса өсөнсө юлдаш, ә Юпитер юлдаштары системаһында - <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Ганимед (юлдаш)">Ганимед</a> ҡала икенсе юлдаш. Каллистоның диаметры <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Меркурий">Меркурий</a> диаметрының яҡынса 99 процентын, ә массаһы - был планета массаһының өстән бер өлөшөн тәшкил итә. Каллистоның уртаса тығыҙлығы яҡынса 1,83 г/см, һәм ул яҡынса тигеҙ күләмдә таш һәм боҙҙан тора. Спектроскопия Каллисто өҫтөндә Һыу боҙҙары, углекислый газ, силикаттар һәм органик матдәләр булыуын асыҡлай. </p><p>Каллисто, Юпитерҙан ярайһы уҡ алыҫ урынлашҡанға күрә, был планетаға яҡын булған юлдаштарға ҡарағанда, Юпитерҙың магнитосфераһы йоғонтоһона әллә ни дусар ителмәй. Уның өҫтө бихисап кратерҙар менән ҡапланған, тимәк, уның өҫкө йөҙөнөң йәше ярайһы уҡ ҙур ғына. Унда ер аҫты процестарының (мәҫәлән, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Плиталар тектоникаһы">тектоник</a> йәки <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан">вулкандар</a> эшмәкәрлеге) эҙҙәре һиҙелмәй тиерлек, күрәһең, юлдаш рельефының формалашыуында метеориттарҙың һәм эре объекттарҙың килеп һуғылыуы төп роль уйнай<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Каллистоның өҫкө йөҙөнөң төп үҙенсәлеге - күп ҡулсалы структуралар, шулай уҡ төрлө формалағы күп һанлы удар кратерҙар, уларҙың ҡайһы берҙәре үҙенсәлекле кратерҙар сылбырын һәм был структуралар менән бәйле ҡалҡыулыҡтар, һырттар һәм ултырмалар хасил итә<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Юлдаштың уйһыу урындарына тигеҙләнгән ландшафт һәм ҡараңғы төҫ хас, ә ҡалҡыулыҡтарҙың өҫкө өлөштәре сағыу бәҫ менән ҡапланған. Ҙур кратерҙар менән сағыштырғанда бәләкәй кратерҙар һаны сағыштырмаса аҙ, шулай уҡ ҡалҡыулыҡтарҙың байтаҡ булыуы юлдаш рельефын сублимация процестары менән тигеҙләүҙе күрһәтә<sup id="cite_ref-Moore1999_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Каллисто геоструктураларының аныҡ йәше билдәһеҙ. </p><p>Каллисто углекислый газдан, ә, бәлки, молекуляр <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислородтан,</a> шулай уҡ сағыштырмаса ҡеүәтле ионосферанан торған бик шыйыҡ атмосфера менән уратып алынған<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_1999_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kliore_2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliore_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Каллисто, Юпитер формалашҡандан һуң уратып алған газ-саң дискыһынан әкрен аккреция барышында барлыҡҡа килгән, тип фараз ителә<sup id="cite_ref-Canup2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canup2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Юлдаштың массаһы бик түбән тиҙлектә арта, һәм уның эсендәге температура уларҙың дифференциацияһы өсөн етерлек булмай. Әммә Каллисто формалаша башлағандан һуң уның эсендә әкренләп конвекция башлана, ул өлөшләтә дифференциацияға килтерә - <span style="white-space: nowrap;">100—150 км</span> тәрәнлектә ер аҫты океаны һәм ҙур булмаған силикат йәҙрә барлыҡҡа килә. "Галилео" бортынан яһалған үлсәүҙәр буйынса, шыйыҡ <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һыу">һыуҙың</a> тәрәнлек ҡатламы 100 километрҙан ашыу<sup id="cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Showman1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Каллисто еренең аҫтында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Океан">океандың</a> булыуы был юлдашта <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Ерҙән ситтәге тереклек">Ерҙән ситтәге тормоштоң</a> булыуына ишара яһай. Әммә Каллистола хемосинтез нигеҙендә йәшәү өсөн шарттар Европалағыға бик үк уңайлы түгел. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Юлдашты_асыу_һәм_уның_атамаһы"><span id=".D0.AE.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.82.D1.8B_.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.83_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.83.D0.BD.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Юлдашты асыу һәм уның атамаһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Юлдашты асыу һәм уның атамаһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=2" title="Юлдашты асыу һәм уның атамаһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Каллистоны <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Галилео Галилей">Галилео Галилей</a> 1610 йылдың ғинуарында Юпитерҙың башҡа өс ҙур юлдашы (<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Ио (юлдаш)">Ио</a>, Европа һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Ганимед (юлдаш)">Ганимед</a>) менән бергә таба һәм, башҡа галилей юлдаштары кеүек үк, үҙенең исемен боронғо грек аллаһы Зевстың һөйгәне хөрмәтенә ала. Каллисто һунар алиһәһе <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Артемида">Артемидаға</a> яҡын нимфа (башҡа сығанаҡтар буйынса - Ликаон ҡыҙы) була. Марий, был атаманы <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Йоһанн Кеплер">Иоганн Кеплер</a> тәҡдим итте, ти бәйләй. Әммә хәҙерге галилея юлдаштарының атамалары ХХ быуат уртаһына тиклем киң ҡулланылмай. Күп кенә иртә <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия">астрономик</a> әҙәбиәттә Каллисто Юпитер IV (Галилео тәҡдим иткән система буйынса) йәки Юпитерҙың дүртенсе юлдашы булараҡ телгә алына. <sup id="cite_ref-Barnard1892_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnard1892-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тикшеренеүҙәр"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B8.D0.BA.D1.88.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.AF.D2.99.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Тикшеренеүҙәр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Тикшеренеүҙәр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=3" title="Тикшеренеүҙәр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1970-се йылдарҙа "Пионер-10", "Пионер-11" автоматик планета-ара станцияларының Юпитер янынан осоп үтеүе Каллистоның эске структураһына ҡарата күҙаллауҙарҙы бер аҙ киңәйтә. 1979-1980 йылдарҙа Юпитер янынан осоп үтеү барышында йыһан аппараттары менән спутникты тикшереү ысын мәғәнәһендә алға китеш була. Улар юлдаштың өҫкө йөҙөнөң яртыһынан ашыуын 1 - <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1—2 км</span> теүәллек менән фотоға төшөрә һәм өҫкө йөҙҙөң массаһы, формаһы һәм температураһы тураһында аныҡ мәғлүмәттәр алырға мөмкинлек бирә. Тикшеренеүҙәрҙең яңы дәүере 1994 йылдан 2003 йылға тиклем дауам итә, ул саҡта "Галилео" йыһан аппараты Каллисто янынан һигеҙ тапҡыр осоп үтә, ә 2001 йылда C30 орбитаһы буйлап һуңғы осош ваҡытында юлдаш өҫтөнән <span style="white-space: nowrap;">138 км</span> алыҫлыҡта үтә."Галилео" юлдаштың өҫкө йөҙөн глобаль фотоға төшөрә һәм ҡайһы бер айырым райондар өсөн 15 метрға тиклемге теүәллек менән байтаҡ фото алыуға өлгәшә<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 2000 йылда, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Сатурн (планета)">Сатурн</a> системаһына табан осоп, "Кассини" йыһан аппараты Каллистоның инфраҡыҙыл спектрын юғары теүәллектә төшөрөп ала<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2003_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2003-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 2007 йылдың февраль-мартында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Плутон">Плутонға</a> табан осоп барғанда ла Каллистоны яңынан төшөрөп ала<sup id="cite_ref-Morring2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morring2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Киләсәктәге_йыһан_аппараттары_проекттары"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B8.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.81.D3.99.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D0.B3.D0.B5_.D0.B9.D1.8B.D2.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.B0.D0.BF.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Киләсәктәге йыһан аппараттары проекттары</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Киләсәктәге йыһан аппараттары проекттары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=4" title="Киләсәктәге йыһан аппараттары проекттары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2020 йылда осоуға тәҡдим ителгән Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) НАСА һәм Европа Йыһан Агентлығының Юпитер планетаһы айҙарын һәм уның магнитосфераһын тикшереү буйынса берлектәге проекты булып тора. 2009 йылдың февралендә Европа Йыһан Агентлығы һәм НАСА миссияға Titan Saturn System Mission-ға ҡарағанда юғарыраҡ өҫтөнлөк бирелеүен раҫлай. Әммә Европа Йыһан Агентлығы бер үк ваҡытта башҡа программаларға ярҙам итә, шуға күрә был программаға Европаның өлөшө финанс ҡыйынлыҡтарына тарый. EJSM яҡынса 4 аппараттан торасаҡ: Jupiter Europa Orbiter (НАСА), Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter, һәм, бәлки, Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Орбитаһы_һәм_әйләнеүе"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D3.99.D0.B9.D0.BB.D3.99.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.AF.D0.B5"></span>Орбитаһы һәм әйләнеүе</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Орбитаһы һәм әйләнеүе бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=5" title="Орбитаһы һәм әйләнеүе бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:001221_Cassini_Jupiter_%26_Europa_%26_Callisto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/001221_Cassini_Jupiter_%26_Europa_%26_Callisto.jpg/220px-001221_Cassini_Jupiter_%26_Europa_%26_Callisto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/001221_Cassini_Jupiter_%26_Europa_%26_Callisto.jpg/330px-001221_Cassini_Jupiter_%26_Europa_%26_Callisto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/001221_Cassini_Jupiter_%26_Europa_%26_Callisto.jpg/440px-001221_Cassini_Jupiter_%26_Europa_%26_Callisto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Каллисто (аҫта һәм һулда), Юпитер (өҫтә һәм уңда) һәм Европа (Оло Ҡыҙыл таптан түбәнерәк һәм һулғараҡ). Фото "Кассини" бортынан яһалған.</figcaption></figure> <p>Каллисто - дүрт галилея айының тышҡыһы. Уның орбитаһы Юпитерҙан <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1 882 000 км</span> алыҫлыҡта ята, һәм уның яҡынса 26,3 радиусын (71 492 км) тәшкил итә. Был дәүмәл унан алдараҡ торған галилей юлдашы Ганимедтың орбита радиусынан күпкә ҙурыраҡ, ул <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1 070 000 км</span> тәшкил итә. Сағыштырмаса алыҫ орбитала булыуы арҡаһында Каллисто бер ҡасан да башҡа өс галилей юлдашы менән орбиталь резонансҡа эләкмәй<sup id="cite_ref-Musotto2002_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musotto2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Планеталарҙың күпселек регуляр юлдаштары кеүек үк, Каллисто үҙенең орбитаһында синхрон рәүештә әйләнә: Каллистола көн оҙайлығы Ерҙәге 16,7 тәүлеккә тиң<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_2001_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson_2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Юлдаштың орбитаһы ҙур булмаған эксцентриситетҡа һәм Юпитер <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Экватор">экватор</a>ына ҡарата бер аҙ ауыбыраҡ тора, быуаттар дауамында Ҡояштан һәм планеталарҙан гравитацион йоғонто алыу арҡаһында юлдаш квази-периодик үҙгәрештәргә дусар була. Үҙгәрештәр диапазоны 0,0072 - 0,0076 һәм 0,20 - 0,60° тәшкил итә<sup id="cite_ref-Musotto2002_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musotto2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Бындай орбиталь тайпылыштар шулай уҡ әйләнеү күсәренең ауышлығын 0,4° һәм 1,6° араһында үҙгәртә<sup id="cite_ref-Bills2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bills2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Каллистоның Юпитерҙан алыҫ тороуы сәбәпле, ул бер ҡасан да йылытыуға дусар ителмәй, һәм ошо сәбәп юлдаштың эске структураһын һәм уның геологик эволюцияһын мөһим эҙемтәләргә килтерә>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Физик_характеристикалары"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.85.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Физик характеристикалары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Физик характеристикалары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=6" title="Физик характеристикалары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Составы"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.8B"></span>Составы</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Составы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=7" title="Составы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:PIA00844_NIMS_spectra.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/PIA00844_NIMS_spectra.gif/220px-PIA00844_NIMS_spectra.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/PIA00844_NIMS_spectra.gif/330px-PIA00844_NIMS_spectra.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/PIA00844_NIMS_spectra.gif/440px-PIA00844_NIMS_spectra.gif 2x" data-file-width="2528" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption>Ҡараңғы кратерлы тигеҙлектәрҙең (ҡыҙыл) һәм Асгард (зәңгәр) удар кратерының яҡын инфраҡыҙыл спектр был кратерҙа һыу боҙҙарының артыҡ булыуын (1 Мкм-ҙан 2 мкм-ға тиклем йотоу һыҙығы) һәм ҡая тоҡомдарының аҙ булыуын күрһәтә.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Каллистоның уртаса тығыҙлығы 1,83 г/см<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_2001_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson_2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Был уның яҡынса бер тигеҙ миҡдарҙа һыу боҙонан һәм ҡая тоҡомдарынан һәм туңған газдарҙың өҫтәмә тоҡомонан тороуын раҫлай<sup id="cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Боҙҙар массаһы яҡынса 49-55% тәшкил итә<<sup id="cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Юлдаштың таш өлөшө аныҡ ҡына билдәле түгел. Каллистола тимер менән кремний араһындағы масса нисбәте 0,9 - 1,3 сиктәрендә ята (мәҫәлән, Ҡояшта был нисбәт яҡынса 1:8-гә тигеҙ)<sup id="cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Эске_структураһы"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Эске структураһы</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Эске структураһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=8" title="Эске структураһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:PIA01478_Interior_of_Callisto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PIA01478_Interior_of_Callisto.jpg/150px-PIA01478_Interior_of_Callisto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PIA01478_Interior_of_Callisto.jpg/225px-PIA01478_Interior_of_Callisto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/PIA01478_Interior_of_Callisto.jpg/300px-PIA01478_Interior_of_Callisto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Каллистоның эске төҙөлөш моделе. Боҙ ҡабығы, һыу океаны һәм боҙҙарҙан һәм таштарҙан торған йәҙрә күрһәтелгән</figcaption></figure> <p>Кратерҙар менән ныҡ йырғысланған Каллистоның өҫкө ҡатламы һалҡын һәм ҡаты боҙ <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Литосфера">литосфераһында</a> ята, уның ҡалынлығы төрлө баһалар буйынса 80 километрҙан 150 километрға тиклем тәшкил итә<sup id="cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khurana_2000_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khurana_2000-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zimmer_2000_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmer_2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Каллисто Юпитерҙың магнит ҡыры менән үҙ-ара тәьҫир итешә: магнит ҡыры юлдаштың төбөнә үтеп инә алмай, тимәк, был арауыҡта 10 километрҙан кәм булмаған ҡалынлыҡтағы электр импульстарын үткәреүгә һәләтле шыйыҡсаның тотош ҡатламының булыуын күрһәтә <sup id="cite_ref-Zimmer_2000_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmer_2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Әгәр унда аммиактың (массаһы буйынса 5 процентҡа тиклем) йәки башҡа Антифриз булыуы ихтимал, тип билдәләнһә, бындай шарттарҙа океандың тәрәнлеге 250-300 километрға тиклем барып етеүе мөмкин<sup id="cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Океан өҫтөндә ятҡан литосфера бер аҙ ҡалын булырға мөмкин - 300 километрға тиклем. </p><p>Каллистоның литосферанан һәм күҙалланған тоҙло океандан түбәнерәк ятҡан йәҙрәһе, күрәһең, тулыһынса бер төрлө һәм тотошлай ҡатлы-ҡатлы түгел, ә яйлап үҫә барыусы силикаттарҙан ғибәрәт. Тығыҙлығы һәм инерция ваҡыты юлдаштың үҙәгендә бәләкәй силикат йәҙрәнең булыуы менән тап килә. Һәр хәлдә, бындай йәҙрәнең радиусы 600 километрҙан артмаҫҡа тейеш, ә уның тығыҙлығы 3,1 г/см-нан алып 3,6 г/см<sup>3</sup> сиктәрендә ята ала<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_2001_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson_2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Шулай итеп, Каллистоның ер аҫты Ганимед ер аҫтынан бик ныҡ айырыла<sup id="cite_ref-Showman1999_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Showman1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sohl2002_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sohl2002-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Өҫкө_йөҙөнөң_деталдәре"><span id=".D3.A8.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.A9_.D0.B9.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BD.D3.A9.D2.A3_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B4.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Өҫкө йөҙөнөң деталдәре</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Өҫкө йөҙөнөң деталдәре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=9" title="Өҫкө йөҙөнөң деталдәре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cratered_plains_PIA00745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cratered_plains_PIA00745.jpg/250px-Cratered_plains_PIA00745.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cratered_plains_PIA00745.jpg/375px-Cratered_plains_PIA00745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cratered_plains_PIA00745.jpg/500px-Cratered_plains_PIA00745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1691" data-file-height="2231" /></a><figcaption>"Галилео́" йыһан аппаратынан алынған фотоһүрәт. Унда юлдаштың өҫкө йөҙө локаль рәүештә тигеҙләнгән һәм кратерланған тигеҙлектәрҙан тора.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Callisto_Har_PIA01054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Callisto_Har_PIA01054.jpg/250px-Callisto_Har_PIA01054.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Callisto_Har_PIA01054.jpg/375px-Callisto_Har_PIA01054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Callisto_Har_PIA01054.jpg/500px-Callisto_Har_PIA01054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="3320" /></a><figcaption>Үҙәк көмбәҙле удар Хар кратеры. Һүрәттә бер нисә сылбыр — һүрәттең өҫкө уң мөйөшөндә Тиндр исемле икенсе удар кратерҙың формалашыуы күренә.</figcaption></figure> <p>Каллистоның өҫкө йөҙөн түбәндәге геологик яҡтан айырылып торған төбәктәргә бүлергә мөмкин: кратерланған тигеҙлектәр, асыҡ тигеҙлектәр, сағыу һәм ҡараңғы шыма тигеҙлектәрҙе, шулай уҡ удар кратерҙар һәм күп ҡулсалы геоструктуралар өлөштәрен биләгән төрлө райондар<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bender_1997_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bender_1997-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Кратерланған тигеҙлектәр юлдаштың күп өлөшөн ҡаплап тора, һәм был уның иң боронғо участкалары. Улар боҙҙар һәм ҡая тоҡомдары ҡатнашмаһы менән ҡапланған. Яҡты тигеҙлектәр әллә ни киң таралмаған. Улар Бура һәм Лофна кеүек сағыу удар кратерҙарҙы, шулай уҡ палимпсестар булараҡ билдәле боронғо һәм эре кратерҙарҙың эҙҙәрен, күп ҡулсалы геоструктураларҙың үҙәк төбәктәрен һәм кратерланған тигеҙлектәрҙәге айырым участкаларҙы үҙ эсенә ала [i]<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Аҡһыл тигеҙлектәр импакт сығышлы боҙ ҡалдыҡтары менән ҡапланған тип һанала. Сағыу, тигеҙләнгән тигеҙлектәр Каллисто өҫтөндә һирәк осрай һәм башлыса Вальхалла һәм Асгард эргәһендәге уйһыулыҡтарҙа, йәки ҡайһы бер кратерланған тигеҙлектәрҙә осрай. Тәүҙә улар юлдаштың эндоген активлығы менән бәйле тип һаналған, әммә юғары теүәллектәге фотоһүрәттәр сағыу һәм шыма тигеҙлектәрҙең тарҡала торған тулҡынлы йөҙ менән бәйле булыуын һәм тектоник йәки вулкан сығышлы булыуын күрһәтә<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Шулай уҡ 10 000<sup>2</sup> километрҙан кәмерәк майҙанлы ҙур булмаған ҡараңғы тигеҙләнгән райондарҙы айырырға мөмкинлек бирә. Бәлки, улар криовоулкандар ташландыҡтары менән ҡапланғандыр<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Тигеҙлек участкаларында кратерҙарҙың тығыҙлығы фондан түбәнерәк булғанлыҡтан, был участкалар сағыштырмаса йәш булырға тейеш<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Valhalla_crater_on_Callisto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Valhalla_crater_on_Callisto.jpg/250px-Valhalla_crater_on_Callisto.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Valhalla_crater_on_Callisto.jpg/375px-Valhalla_crater_on_Callisto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Valhalla_crater_on_Callisto.jpg/500px-Valhalla_crater_on_Callisto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Вальхалла һүрәте, диаметры яҡынса 3800 км булған күп ҡулсалы астроблема, "Вояджер-1" йыһан аппараты төшөрөп алған.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Callisto_Gomul_PIA00581.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Callisto_Gomul_PIA00581.jpg/250px-Callisto_Gomul_PIA00581.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Callisto_Gomul_PIA00581.jpg/375px-Callisto_Gomul_PIA00581.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Callisto_Gomul_PIA00581.jpg/500px-Callisto_Gomul_PIA00581.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цепочка Гомул (был бит юҡ)">Цепочка Гомул</a><sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomul_Catena" class="extiw" title="en:Gomul Catena"><span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;" title="Gomul Catena — инглиз телендә мәҡәлә версияһы">[en]</span></a></sup> һәм уның ҙурайтылған фрагменты</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Атмосфераһы_һәм_ионосфераһы"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Атмосфераһы һәм ионосфераһы</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Атмосфераһы һәм ионосфераһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=10" title="Атмосфераһы һәм ионосфераһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Callisto_base.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Callisto_base.PNG/180px-Callisto_base.PNG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Callisto_base.PNG/270px-Callisto_base.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Callisto_base.PNG/360px-Callisto_base.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Рәссамдың Каллистолағы базаһы</figcaption></figure> <p>Каллистола углекислый газдан торған шыйығайтылған атмосфера табыла<sup id="cite_ref-Carlson_1999_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carlson_1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ул яҡын инфраҡыҙыл өлкәлә (NIMS) 4,2 микрометр тулҡын оҙонлоғондағы йотоу һыҙығы буйынса карталаштырыу өсөн спектрометр ярҙамында теркәлгән. Өҫкө йөҙҙәге баҫым яҡынса 7,5 ·10<sup>−12</sup> бар (0,75 МкПа), ә киҫәксәләрҙең концентрацияһы - 4⋅10 киҫәксә/см<sup>3.</sup> Әгәр даими рәүештә тулыландырылмаһа, бындай атмосфера 4 көн эсендә юғалыр ине. </p><p>Каллистоның ионосфераһы шулай уҡ "<i>Галилео"</i> йыһан аппараты осошонда табыла; һәм уның юғары электрон тығыҙлығы (7 - 17·10<sup>4</sup> см) атмосфералағы углекислый газдың фотоионизацияһы менән аңлатыла алмай. <sup id="cite_ref-Kliore_2002_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliore_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>−3.</sup> Шуға ла Каллисто атмосфераһы башлыса <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">молекуляр кислородтан</a> тора, һәм уның массаһы углекислый газдан 10-100 тапҡырға ҙурыраҡ, тип фаразлана. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Океанда_тереклектең_булыу_мөмкинлеге"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D0.B1.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8B.D1.83_.D0.BC.D3.A9.D0.BC.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.B5"></span>Океанда тереклектең булыу мөмкинлеге</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Океанда тереклектең булыу мөмкинлеге бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=11" title="Океанда тереклектең булыу мөмкинлеге бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Европа һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Ганимед (юлдаш)">Ганимед</a> осрағындағы кеүек, Каллистоның ер аҫты океанында ерҙән ситтәге микроб тормош булыуы ихтималлығы тураһындағы идея популяр Әммә Каллистола йәшәү шарттары Европала йәки Ганимедтаға ҡарағанда насарыраҡ. Төп сәбәптәре: тау тоҡомдары менән бәйләнештең етерлек булмауы һәм юлдаштың ер аҫтынан йылылыҡ ағымы түбән булыуы. Ғалим Торренс Джонсон Каллистола йәшәү шарттарының башҡа галилея юлдаштарынан айырмаһы тураһында тикшереүҙәр үткәрә: </p><p>Был ғалимдың һәм башҡа фекерҙәр нигеҙендә, бөтә галилей айҙары араһында Европала , кәм тигәндә, микроб тормоштоң булыу ихтималлығы күҙәтелә, тип фараздана. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Колониялаштырыу_потенциалы"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.82.D1.8B.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.83_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B"></span>Колониялаштырыу потенциалы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Колониялаштырыу потенциалы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=12" title="Колониялаштырыу потенциалы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1980-се йылдар башлап Каллисто Марсҡа шундай уҡ миссиянан һуң пилотлы йыһан осошо өсөн йәлеп итеү маҡсаты тип һанала, сөнки ул Юпитерҙың радиация билбауынан ситтә ята.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ."><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D2.A1_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B.D2.99."></span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ. бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=13" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ. бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Спутники Юпитера</li> <li>Вальхалла</li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Callisto_Protocol" class="extiw" title="ru:The Callisto Protocol">The Callisto Protocol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=14" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_da6c4d7f60896bb1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_da6c4d7f60896bb1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par">https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_80fd7c59f56648fd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_80fd7c59f56648fd_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/callisto/indepth">Callisto: In Depth</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23548" class="extiw" title="d:Q23548">НАСА</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-_8cd6d9c2670dc4dd_3-2">3,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lasp.colorado.edu/~espoclass/homework/5830_2008_homework/Ch17.pdf">http://lasp.colorado.edu/~espoclass/homework/5830_2008_homework/Ch17.pdf</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musotto2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Musotto2002_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Musotto2002_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Musotto2002_4-2">4,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Musotto, Susanna; Varadi, Ferenc; Moore, William; Schubert, Gerald</i> Numerical Simulations of the Orbits of the Galilean Satellites <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2002. — Т. 159. — № 2. — С. 500—504. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1006/icar.2002.6939" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6939">10.1006/icar.2002.6939</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Icar..159..500M">2002Icar..159..500M</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greeley_2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-1">5,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-2">5,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-3">5,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-4">5,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-5">5,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-6">5,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_5-7">5,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Greeley, R.; Klemaszewski, J. E.; Wagner, L.; et al.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_planetary-and-space-science_2000-08_48_9/page/829">Galileo views of the geology of Callisto</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planetary_and_Space_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planetary and Space Science (был бит юҡ)">Planetary and Space Science</a></i>. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2000. — Т. 48. — № 9. — С. 829—853. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00050-7" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00050-7">10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00050-7</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000P&SS...48..829G">2000P&SS...48..829G</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore1999-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Moore1999_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Moore, Jeffrey M.; Asphaug, Erik; Morrison, David; et al.</i> Mass Movement and Landform Degradation on the Icy Galilean Satellites: Results of the Galileo Nominal Mission <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 1999. — Т. 140. — № 2. — С. 294—312. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6132" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6132">10.1006/icar.1999.6132</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Icar..140..294M">1999Icar..140..294M</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carlson_1999-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_1999_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Carlson_1999_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Carlson, R. W.; et al.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/16785/1/99-0186.pdf">A Tenuous Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere on Jupiter's Moon Callisto</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i>Science</i> : journal. — 1999. — Т. 283. — № 5403. — С. 820—821. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5403.820" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1126/science.283.5403.820">10.1126/science.283.5403.820</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Sci...283..820C">1999Sci...283..820C</a></span> — <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933159?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9933159</a>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003231710/https://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/16785/1/99-0186.pdf">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 3 октябрь 2008.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kliore_2002-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kliore_2002_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kliore_2002_8-1">8,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Kliore, A. J.; Anabtawi, A; Herrera, R. G.; et al.</i> Ionosphere of Callisto from Galileo radio occultation observations <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i>Journal of Geophysics Research</i> : journal. — 2002. — Т. 107. — № A11. — С. 1407. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009365" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1029/2002JA009365">10.1029/2002JA009365</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRA.107kSIA19K">2002JGRA.107kSIA19K</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canup2002-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Canup2002_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Canup, Robin M.; Ward, William R.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boulder.swri.edu/~robin/cw02final.pdf">Formation of the Galilean Satellites: Conditions of Accretion</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Astronomical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Astronomical Journal (был бит юҡ)">The Astronomical Journal</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=IOP_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IOP Publishing (был бит юҡ)">IOP Publishing</a>, 2002. — Т. 124. — № 6. — С. 3404—3423. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1086/344684" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1086/344684">10.1086/344684</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AJ....124.3404C">2002AJ....124.3404C</a></span> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190615104621/https://www.boulder.swri.edu/~robin/cw02final.pdf">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 15 июнь 2019.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kuskov2005-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-1">10,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-2">10,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-3">10,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-4">10,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-5">10,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kuskov2005_10-6">10,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Kuskov, O.L.; Kronrod, V.A.</i> Internal structure of Europa and Callisto <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i>. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2005. — Т. 177. — № 2. — С. 550—369. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.014" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.014">10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.014</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..177..550K">2005Icar..177..550K</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Showman1999-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Showman1999_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Showman1999_11-1">11,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Showman, Adam P.; Malhotra, Renu</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf">The Galilean Satellites</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i>Science</i>. — 1999. — Т. 286. — № 5437. — С. 77—84. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5437.77" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.77">10.1126/science.286.5437.77</a> — <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506564?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10506564</a>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001082347/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 1 октябрь 2020.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnard1892-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Barnard1892_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Barnard, E. E.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/AJ.../0012//0000081.000.html">Discovery and Observation of a Fifth Satellite to Jupiter</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Astronomical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Astronomical Journal (был бит юҡ)">The Astronomical Journal</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=IOP_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IOP Publishing (был бит юҡ)">IOP Publishing</a>, 1892. — Т. 12. — С. 81—85. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1086/101715" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1086/101715">10.1086/101715</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1892AJ.....12...81B">1892AJ.....12...81B</a></span> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519101246/http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/AJ.../0012//0000081.000.html">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 19 май 2019.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown2003-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown2003_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Brown, R. H.; Baines, K. H.; Bellucci, G.; et al.</i> Observations with the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) during Cassini's Flyby of Jupiter <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2003. — Т. 164. — № 2. — С. 461—470. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00134-9" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00134-9">10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00134-9</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Icar..164..461B">2003Icar..164..461B</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morring2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Morring2007_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Morring, F.</i> Ring Leader // <i>Aviation Week & Space Technology</i>. — 2007. — С. 80—83.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson_2001-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_2001_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_2001_15-1">15,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_2001_15-2">15,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Anderson, J. D.; Jacobson, R. A.; McElrath, T. P.; et al.</i> Shape, mean radius, gravity field and interior structure of Callisto <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2001. — Т. 153. — № 1. — С. 157—161. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6664" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6664">10.1006/icar.2001.6664</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..153..157A">2001Icar..153..157A</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bills2005-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bills2005_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Bills, Bruce G.</i> Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2005. — Т. 175. — № 1. — С. 233—247. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028">10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..175..233B">2005Icar..175..233B</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Clark_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Clark, R. N.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1981/JB086iB04p03087.shtml">Water frost and ice: the near-infrared spectral reflectance 0.65–2.5 μm</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Journal of Geophysical Research">Journal of Geophysical Research</a><span style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em"> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></span><span class="link-ru" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Geophysical_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Geophysical Research (был бит юҡ)">баш.</a></span></i> : journal. — 1981. — Т. 86. — № B4. — С. 3087—3096. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB04p03087" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p03087">10.1029/JB086iB04p03087</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981JGR....86.3087C">1981JGR....86.3087C</a></span> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031122830/http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1981/JB086iB04p03087.shtml">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 31 октябрь 2012.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khurana_2000-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Khurana_2000_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Khurana, K. K.; et al.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/N395777.pdf">Induced magnetic fields as evidence for subsurface oceans in Europa and Callisto</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i>Nature</i> : journal. — 1998. — Т. 395. — № 6704. — С. 777—780. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1038/27394" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1038/27394">10.1038/27394</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Natur.395..777K">1998Natur.395..777K</a></span> — <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9796812?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9796812</a>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171005154834/http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/N395777.pdf">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 5 октябрь 2017.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmer_2000-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmer_2000_19-0">19,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmer_2000_19-1">19,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Zimmer, C.; Khurana, K. K.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/ICRUS147329.pdf">Subsurface Oceans on Europa and Callisto: Constraints from Galileo Magnetometer Observations</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2000. — Т. 147. — № 2. — С. 329—347. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1006/icar.2000.6456" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6456">10.1006/icar.2000.6456</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Icar..147..329Z">2000Icar..147..329Z</a></span> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327052124/http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/people/mkivelson/Publications/ICRUS147329.pdf">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 27 март 2009.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sohl2002-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sohl2002_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Sohl, F.; Spohn, T; Breuer, D.; Nagel, K.</i> Implications from Galileo Observations on the Interior Structure and Chemistry of the Galilean Satellites <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Icarus</a></i> : journal. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier (был бит юҡ)">Elsevier</a>, 2002. — Т. 157. — № 1. — С. 104—119. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1006/icar.2002.6828" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6828">10.1006/icar.2002.6828</a> — <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (был бит юҡ)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Icar..157..104S">2002Icar..157..104S</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bender_1997-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bender_1997_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Bender, K. C.; Rice, J. W.; Wilhelms, D. E.; Greeley, R.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/PlanetaryMapping/DIGGEOL/galsats/callisto/jcglobal.htm">Geological map of Callisto</a>. — U.S. Geological Survey, 1997. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150124085702/http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/PlanetaryMapping/DIGGEOL/galsats/callisto/jcglobal.htm">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 24 ғинуар 2015.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Troutman, Patrick A.; Bethke, Kristen; Stillwagen, Fred; Caldwell, Darrell L. Jr.; Manvi, Ram; Strickland, Chris; Krizan, Shawn A.</i> Revolutionary Concepts for Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> // <i>American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings</i> : journal. — 2003. — Т. 654. — С. 821—828. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Идентификатор цифрового объекта (был бит юҡ)">DOI</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1063/1.1541373" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1063/1.1541373">10.1063/1.1541373</a></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр_2"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80_2"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=15" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Комментарии</dt></dl> <div class="references-small"> <ol type="a"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> Апоапсида выводится из большой полуоси (<i>a</i>) и эксцентриситета орбиты (<i>e</i>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a(1+e)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a(1+e)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/078dc55c61087a3bd3af5b520403a90e0e7d546c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.125ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a(1+e)}"></span>. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> Периапсида выводится из большой полуоси (<i>a</i>) и эксцентриситета орбиты (<i>e</i>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a(1-e)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a(1-e)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/880c58cf41d089a625a15f7bc32db8ffd50f33a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.125ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a(1-e)}"></span>. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> Площадь поверхности выведена из радиуса (<i>r</i>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b81fcce302776a01dc66fc186a1ce0a616b4d772" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.597ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}"></span>. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> Объём выведен из радиуса (<i>r</i>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7112cb504e1399319cb9edbc622d1c4609fd56e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:5.433ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{3}}\pi r^{3}}"></span>. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ускорение свободного падения (был бит юҡ)">Ускорение свободного падения</a> на экваторе выведено из массы (<i>m</i>) и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гравитационная постоянная (был бит юҡ)">гравитационной постоянной</a> (<i>G</i>) а также радиуса (<i>r</i>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {Gm}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {Gm}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3bc97461a59646cbc67b1bb4aec9323878ced62c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:4.703ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {Gm}{r^{2}}}}"></span>. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> Первая космическая скорость для Каллисто вычислена исходя из массы (<i>m</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гравитационная постоянная (был бит юҡ)">гравитационной постоянной</a> (<i>G</i>), а также радиуса (<i>r</i>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a58535443110131fc3db59b1b549eccac2f87149" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:6.716ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}"></span>. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> Ведущее полушарие — полушарие, обращённое в направлении орбитального движения; ведомое полушарие направлено в противоположную сторону. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> Однородные шарообразные тела имеют момент инерции 0,4<i>mr</i><sup>2</sup>. Коэффициент ниже 0,4 говорит о том что плотность повышается с глубиной. </li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Note_label&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Note label (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Note label</a> В случае ледяных спутников палимпсесты — круглые яркие геоструктуры, вероятно, остатки древних ударных кратеров; см. Greeley, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-Greeley_2000_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greeley_2000-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </li></ol> </div> <dl><dt>Источники</dt></dl> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Greeley_2000-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greeley_2000_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ba" dir="ltr">Өҙөмтә хатаһы: <code><ref></code> тамғаһы дөрөҫ түгел; <code>Greeley 2000</code> төшөрмәләре өсөн текст юҡ</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Литература бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=16" title="Литература бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бурба, Георгий Александрович (был бит юҡ)">Бурба Г. А.</a></i> Номенклатура деталей рельефа галилеевых спутников Юпитера / Отв. ред. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Флоренский, Кирилл Павлович (был бит юҡ)">К. П. Флоренский</a> и Ю. И. Ефремов. — Москва: Наука, 1984. — 84 с.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)&action=edit&section=17" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks navigation-box ruwikiWikimediaNavigation" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; clear:right; border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; padding:1ex; font-size:90%; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Астрономия"><img alt="П:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nuvola_apps_kmoon.png/20px-Nuvola_apps_kmoon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nuvola_apps_kmoon.png/30px-Nuvola_apps_kmoon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nuvola_apps_kmoon.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_kmoon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="portal-box">Портал <b>«<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Портал:Астрономия (был бит юҡ)">Астрономия»</a></b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Callisto_(moon)" title="commons:Category:Callisto (moon)"><img alt="commons:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikicommons-ref"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Callisto_(moon)?uselang=ru">Каллисто (юлдаш)</a></span> Викимилектә </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328070532/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Callisto">Краткая характеристика Каллисто</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Callisto">оригинала</a> 28 март 2014 года.</small></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nineplanets.org/callisto.html">Страничка Каллисто</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2012 йыл 15 август <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120815180550/http://www.nineplanets.org/callisto.html">архивланған</a>.</span></small> на <i>NinePlanets.org</i> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solarviews.com/eng/callisto.htm">Страничка Каллисто</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2019 йыл 18 ноябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118094903/http://solarviews.com/eng/callisto.htm">архивланған</a>.</span></small> на <i>Views of the Solar System</i> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></li> <li><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601171427/http://sos.noaa.gov/videos/Callisto.mov">Видео вращающейся Каллисто</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sos.noaa.gov/videos/Callisto.mov">оригинала</a> 1 июнь 2010 года.</small></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03876">Карта Каллисто с названиями деталей поверхности</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2020 йыл 15 ғинуар <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115162715/https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03876">архивланған</a>.</span></small> // <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="НАСА (был бит юҡ)">НАСА</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/callisto_comp.pdf">Карта Каллисто с названиями деталей поверхности</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2019 йыл 24 декабрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191224003911/https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/callisto_comp.pdf">архивланған</a>.</span></small> на <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Каллисто_(юлдаш)&oldid=1257897">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Каллисто_(юлдаш)&oldid=1257897</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Махсус:Категориялар">Категория</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%98%D2%AB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:Иҫкәрмәләрендә хаталар булған биттәр">Иҫкәрмәләрендә хаталар булған биттәр</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Йәшерелгән категориялар: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:PMID_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:PMID серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр">PMID серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи с источниками из Викиданных">Википедия:Статьи с источниками из Викиданных</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи">Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Был бит һуңғы тапҡыр 09:47 28 октябрь 2023 үҙгәртелгән.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> буйынса рөхсәт ителгән; 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