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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26q%3D%2522Patristics%2522">"Patristics"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbm%3Dnws%26q%3D%2522Patristics%2522%2B-wikipedia%26tbs%3Dar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?%26q%3D%2522Patristics%2522%26tbs%3Dbkt:s%26tbm%3Dbks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbs%3Dbks:1%26q%3D%2522Patristics%2522%2B-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q%3D%2522Patristics%2522">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query%3D%2522Patristics%2522%26acc%3Don%26wc%3Don">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>. The specific issue is: <b>over-emphasis on Western Christian (i.e. Catholic, Protestant, Latin) perspectives of the Church Fathers.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPatristics%26action%3Dedit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Patristics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:Patristics">talk page</a>, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <p><b>Patristics</b> or <b>patrology</b> is the study of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_early_Christian_writers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of early Christian writers">early Christian writers</a> who are designated <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_Fathers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EECO_2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EECO_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The names derive from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classical_compound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical compound">combined forms</a> of Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pater</i></span> and Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πᾰτήρ</span></span> (father). The period of the Church Fathers, commonly called the <b>Patristic era</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dupont_Boodts_Partoens_Leemans_2018_p._5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dupont_Boodts_Partoens_Leemans_2018_p._5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-van_Oort_2006_pp._80–103_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-van_Oort_2006_pp._80%E2%80%93103-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is generally considered to run from the end of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> times or end of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostolic_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 100</span>) to either AD 451 (the date of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a> in 787.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Saint_Irenaeus.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Saint_Irenaeus.jpg/92px-Saint_Irenaeus.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Saint_Irenaeus.jpg/138px-Saint_Irenaeus.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Saint_Irenaeus.jpg/184px-Saint_Irenaeus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="325"></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center [[Category:EngvarB from July 2022]] [[Category:Use dmy dates from July 2022]]"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irenaeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tertullian.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tertullian.jpg/92px-Tertullian.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tertullian.jpg/138px-Tertullian.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tertullian.jpg/184px-Tertullian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1424"></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center [[Category:EngvarB from July 2022]] [[Category:Use dmy dates from July 2022]]"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertullian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg/92px-Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg/138px-Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg/184px-Saint_Augustine_by_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3135" data-file-height="4000"></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center [[Category:EngvarB from July 2022]] [[Category:Use dmy dates from July 2022]]"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Church_Fathers.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Church_Fathers.JPG/220px-Church_Fathers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Church_Fathers.JPG/330px-Church_Fathers.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Church_Fathers.JPG/440px-Church_Fathers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="1596"></a> <figcaption> Volumes from Philip Schaff's <i>The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers</i>. </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eras"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Eras</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Locations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Locations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key_theological_developments"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Key theological developments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Key_persons"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Key persons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Obstacles_to_21st-century_understanding"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Obstacles to 21st-century understanding</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Patrology_vs._patristics"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Patrology vs. patristics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Availability_of_patristic_texts"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Availability of patristic texts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eras">Eras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Eras" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section <b>does not <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Patristics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Patristics">improve this section</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The Church Fathers are generally divided into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ante-Nicene Fathers">Ante-Nicene Fathers</a>, those who lived and wrote before the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Council of Nicaea">Council of Nicaea</a> (325) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers">Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers</a>, those who lived and wrote after 325. Also, the division of the Fathers into Greek and Latin writers is also common. Some of the most prominent Greek Fathers are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justin_Martyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Chrysostom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a>. Among the Latin Fathers are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertullian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyprian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambrose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a> of Milan, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_the_Great?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory the Great">Gregory the Great</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>There were also Church Fathers who wrote in languages other than Greek or Latin, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coptic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syriac_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ge%27ez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, Chalcedonian Christians have had less interest in these authors since the associated churches ended up rejecting the councils of Chalcedon (becoming <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a>), or Ephesus (becoming the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_the_East?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a>). Recently this has begun to change, with the easing of tensions between these branches of Christianity and the Western and Byzantine ones. There are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eastern_Catholics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholics">Eastern Catholics</a> who follow Oriental rites while remaining in communion with Rome.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Locations">Locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Locations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Early centers of Christianity</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentarchy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a> </div> <p>The major locations of the early Church fathers were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, and the area of western north Africa around <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carthage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a> were also sites.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Key_theological_developments">Key theological developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Key theological developments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Major focuses for these theologians during the period are, in chronological order, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christianity's relationship with Judaism</a>; the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Development of the New Testament canon">establishment of the New Testament canon</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_Apologetics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Apologetics">apologetics</a> (the 'defense' or 'explanation' of Christianity); and doctrinal discussions that sought to achieve <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One,_Holy,_Catholic,_and_Apostolic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church">consistency of faith</a>, in particular within the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Christianised Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the scholar of Christianity <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alister_McGrath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alister McGrath">Alister McGrath</a> (1998), several major areas of theology can be seen to have developed during the Patristic Period: the extent of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Testament_canon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a>, the role of tradition, the fixing of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ecumenical_creeds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ecumenical creeds">ecumenical creeds</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Two_natures_of_Christ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Two natures of Christ">two natures of Christ</a>, the doctrine of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>, the doctrine of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian Church">Church</a>, and the doctrine of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divine_grace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divine grace">divine grace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Key_persons">Key persons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Key persons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Church_Fathers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Church Fathers">List of Church Fathers</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section <b>does not <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Patristics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Patristics">improve this section</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Clement_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Clement of Rome</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 35</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 101</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 35</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 108</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aristides_the_Athenian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristides the Athenian">Aristides the Athenian</a> (d. ~140) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polycarp_of_Smyrna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycarp of Smyrna">Polycarp of Smyrna</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 69</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 155</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justin_Martyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 165</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tatian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tatian">Tatian the Assyrian</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 120</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 180</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a> (d. 180) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a> (d. 184) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Athenagoras_of_Athens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Athenagoras of Athens">Athenagoras</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 133</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 190</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irenaeus_of_Lyons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Irenaeus of Lyons">Irenaeus of Lyons</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 120</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 202</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 150</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 215</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertullian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 160</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 225</span>) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 170</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 235</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Julius Africanus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 160</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 240</span>) (Greek-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Origen">Origen</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 185</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 254</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcus_Minucius_Felix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcus Minucius Felix">Marcus Minucius Felix</a> (d. ~250) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyprian_of_Carthage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprian of Carthage">Cyprian of Carthage</a> (d. 258) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pontius_of_Carthage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pontius of Carthage">Pontius of Carthage</a> (d. 259) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a> (d. 264) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Dionysius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius of Rome</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 200</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 268</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Gregory Thaumaturgus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 213</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 270</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius of Laodicea</a> (d. 283) (Greek)</li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a> (d. 304) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pamphilus_of_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pamphilus of Caesarea">Pamphilus of Caesarea</a> (d. 309) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Methodius_of_Olympus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Methodius of Olympus">Methodius of Olympus</a> (died c. 311) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lactantius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 250</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 325</span>) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a> (d. 328) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arnobius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arnobius">Arnobius of Sicca</a> (d. 330) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebius">Eusebius of Caesarea</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 260</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 340</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebius_of_Nicomedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebius of Nicomedia">Eusebius of Nicomedia</a> (d. 342) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aphrahat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aphrahat">Aphrahat</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 280</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 345</span>) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pachomius_the_Great?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pachomius the Great">Pachomius the Great</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 292</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 348</span>) (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthony_the_Great?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony the Great</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 251</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 356</span>) (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hosius_of_Corduba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hosius of Corduba">Hosius of Corduba</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 256</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 357</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebius_of_Emesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebius of Emesa">Eusebius of Emesa</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 360</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eustathius_of_Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eustathius of Antioch">Eustathius of Antioch</a> (d. 360) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Potamius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Potamius">Potamius</a> (d. 360) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 310</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 368</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebius_of_Vercelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebius of Vercelli">Eusebius of Vercelli</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 283</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 371</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucifer of Cagliari">Lucifer of Cagliari</a> (d. 371) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Athanasius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasius">Athanasius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 296</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 373</span>) (Greek-Coptic)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 306</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 373</span>) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcellus_of_Ancyra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcellus of Ancyra">Marcellus of Ancyra</a> (d. 374) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 330</span> – 379) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeno_of_Verona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zeno of Verona">Zeno of Verona</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380</span>) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apollinaris_of_Laodicea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apollinaris of Laodicea">Apollinaris of Laodicea</a> (d. 382) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambrosiaster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambrosiaster">Ambrosiaster</a> (d. 384) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 313</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 386</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 329</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 389</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ticonius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ticonius">Ticonius</a> (d. 390) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nemesius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nemesius">Nemesius</a> (d. 390) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodorus_of_Tarsus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diodorus of Tarsus">Diodorus of Tarsus</a> (d. 390) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacian">Pacian</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 310</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 391</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_of_Elvira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory of Elvira">Gregory of Elvira</a> (d. 392) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoebadius_of_Agen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phoebadius of Agen">Phoebadius of Agen</a> (d. 392) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 330</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 395</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_of_Tours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin of Tours">Martin of Tours</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 313</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 397</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambrose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 340</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 397</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Didymus_the_Blind?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Didymus the Blind">Didymus the Blind</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 313</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 398</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Siricius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 334</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 399</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evagrius_Ponticus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evagrius Ponticus">Evagrius Ponticus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 345</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 399</span>) (Greek)</li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaius_Marius_Victorinus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaius Marius Victorinus">Gaius Marius Victorinus</a> (d. 400) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optatus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Optatus">Optatus</a> (d. 400) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publilius_Optatianus_Porfyrius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publilius Optatianus Porfyrius">Publilius</a> (d. 400) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rufinus_the_Syrian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rufinus the Syrian">Rufinus the Syrian</a> (d. 401) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a> (d. 401) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 310</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 403</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amphilochius_of_Iconium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amphilochius of Iconium">Amphilochius of Iconium</a> (d. 403) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Chrysostom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 347</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 407</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chromatius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chromatius">Chromatius</a> (d. 407) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaudentius_of_Brescia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaudentius of Brescia">Gaudentius of Brescia</a> (d. 410) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Therasia_of_Nola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Therasia of Nola">Therasia of Nola (wife)</a> (d. 410) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macarius_Magnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macarius Magnes">Macarius Magnes</a> (d. ~410) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tyrannius_Rufinus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tyrannius Rufinus">Tyrannius Rufinus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 345</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 411</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theophilus_I_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theophilus I of Alexandria">Theophilus of Alexandria</a> (d. 412) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prudentius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prudentius">Prudentius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 348</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 413</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicetas_of_Remesiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicetas of Remesiana">Nicetas of Remesiana</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 335</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 414</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Synesius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Synesius">Synesius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 373</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 414</span>) (Greek-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_II_(bishop_of_Jerusalem)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John II (bishop of Jerusalem)">John II of Jerusalem</a> (d. 417) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulpicius_Severus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulpicius Severus">Sulpicius Severus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 360</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 420</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maruthas_of_Martyropolis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maruthas of Martyropolis">Maruthas</a> (d. 420) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martianus_Capella?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martianus Capella">Martianus Capella</a> (d. 420) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paulinus_the_Deacon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paulinus the Deacon">Paulinus the Deacon</a> (d. ~422) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severian_of_Gabala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severian of Gabala">Severian of Gabala</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 425</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atticus_of_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atticus of Constantinople">Atticus of Constantinople</a> (d. 425) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 347</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 354</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span>) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palladius_of_Galatia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palladius of Galatia">Palladius of Galatia</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 363</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nilus_of_Sinai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nilus of Sinai">Nilus of Sinai</a> (d. 430) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paulinus_of_Nola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paulinus of Nola">Paulinus of Nola (husband)</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 354</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 431</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philip_of_Side?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philip of Side">Philip of Side</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 431</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Cassian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 360</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 435</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rabbula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rabbula">Rabbula</a> (d. 435) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Possidius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Possidius">Possidius</a> (d. 437) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_of_Armenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac of Armenia">Isaac of Armenia</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 354</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 439</span>) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philostorgius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philostorgius">Philostorgius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 368</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 439</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socrates_of_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socrates of Constantinople">Socrates Scholasticus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 439</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honoratus_Antoninus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honoratus Antoninus">Honoratus Antoninus</a> (d. 440) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Lucius_Dexter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavius Lucius Dexter">Flavius Lucius Dexter</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 368</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 444</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 376</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 444</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eucherius_of_Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eucherius of Lyon">Eucherius of Lyon</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 449</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hilary_of_Arles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hilary of Arles">Hilary of Arles</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 403</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 449</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poemen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poemen">Poemen</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 340</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eznik_of_Kolb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eznik of Kolb">Eznik of Kolb</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 380</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450</span>) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sozomen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agathangelos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agathangelos">Agathangelos</a> (d. ~450) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quodvultdeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quodvultdeus">Quodvultdeus</a> (d. 450) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a> (d. 450) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isidore_of_Pelusium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isidore of Pelusium">Isidore of Pelusium</a> (d. 450) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marius_Mercator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marius Mercator">Marius Mercator</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 390</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 451</span>) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvian">Salvian</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 405</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 451</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prosper_of_Aquitaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prosper of Aquitaine">Prosper of Aquitaine</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 390</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 455</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simeon_Stylites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simeon Stylites">Simeon Stylites</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 390</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 459</span>) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_of_Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac of Antioch">Isaac of Antioch</a> (d. 460) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arnobius_the_Younger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arnobius the Younger">Arnobius the Younger</a> (d. 460) (Latín-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Patrick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 385</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 461</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Leo_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 461</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shenoute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shenoute">Shenoute</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 348</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 466</span>) (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodoret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 393</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 466</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gennadius_of_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gennadius of Constantinople">Gennadius of Constantinople</a> (d. 471) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elishe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elishe">Elishe</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 410</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 475</span>) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Timothy_II_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Timothy II of Alexandria">Timothy Ælurus</a> (d. 477) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iakob_Tsurtaveli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iakob Tsurtaveli">Iakob Tsurtaveli</a> (d. ~483) (Georgian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Vitensis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor Vitensis">Victor Vitensis</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 484</span>) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vigilius_of_Thapsus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vigilius of Thapsus">Vigilius of Thapsus</a> (d. 484) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diadochos_of_Photiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diadochos of Photiki">Diadochos of Photiki</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 486</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Movses Khorenatsi</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 410</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 490</span>) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sidonius_Apollinaris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sidonius Apollinaris">Sidonius Apollinaris</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 430</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 490</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auspicius_of_Toul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auspicius of Toul">Auspicius of Toul</a> (d. 490) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaiah_the_Solitary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaiah the Solitary">Isaiah the Solitary</a> (d. 491) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a> (d. 496) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gennadius_of_Massilia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gennadius of Massilia">Gennadius of Massilia</a> (d. 496) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 500</span>) (Greek)</li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nonnus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a> (d. 500) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antipater_of_Bostra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antipater of Bostra">Antipater of Bostra</a> (d. 500) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narsai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narsai">Narsai</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 399</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 502</span>) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julianus_Pomerius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julianus Pomerius">Julianus Pomerius</a> (d. 505) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ghazar_Parpetsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ghazar Parpetsi">Ghazar Parpetsi</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 442</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 510</span>) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Rufus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Rufus">John Rufus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 518</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeneas_of_Gaza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeneas of Gaza">Aeneas of Gaza</a> (d. 518) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avitus_of_Vienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avitus of Vienne">Avitus of Vienne</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 519</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacob_of_Serugh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacob of Serugh">Jacob of Serugh</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 451</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 521</span>) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magnus_Felix_Ennodius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magnus Felix Ennodius">Magnus Ennodius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 474</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 521</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philoxenus_of_Mabbug?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philoxenus of Mabbug">Philoxenus of Mabbug</a> (d. 523) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boethius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boethius">Boethius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 477</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 524</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 467</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 533</span>) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eugippius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugippius">Eugippius</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 460</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 535</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zacharias_Rhetor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zacharias Rhetor">Zacharias Rhetor</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 465</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 536</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severus_of_Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severus of Antioch">Severus of Antioch</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 465</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 538</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 470</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 542</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 480</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 547</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fulgentius_Ferrandus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fulgentius Ferrandus">Fulgentius Ferrandus</a> (d. 547) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cosmas_Indicopleustes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cosmas Indicopleustes">Cosmas Indicopleustes</a> (d. 550) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primasius_of_Hadrumetum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primasius of Hadrumetum">Primasius of Hadrumetum</a> (d. 560) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorotheus_of_Gaza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorotheus of Gaza">Dorotheus of Gaza</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 505</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 565</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Philoponus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Philoponus">John Philoponus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 490</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 570</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gildas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gildas">Gildas</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 500</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 570</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_of_Tunnuna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor of Tunnuna">Victor of Tunnuna</a> (d. 570) (Latin-African)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Malalas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 491</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 578</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_of_Braga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin of Braga">Martin of Braga</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 520</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 580</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_III_of_Callinicum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter III of Callinicum">Peter III of Callinicum</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 591</span>) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_of_Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory of Antioch">Gregory of Antioch</a> (d. 593) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 536</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 594</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 538</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 594</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_IV_of_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John IV of Constantinople">John IV of Constantinople</a> (d. 595) (Greek)</li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_the_Invincible?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David the Invincible">David the Invincible</a> (d. 600) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Longinus_(abbot)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Longinus (abbot)">Basil of Oxyrhynchus</a> (d. 600) (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leander_of_Seville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leander of Seville">Leander of Seville</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 534</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 601</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 540</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 604</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eulogius_of_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eulogius of Alexandria">Eulogius of Alexandria</a> (d. 608) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venantius_Fortunatus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venantius Fortunatus">Venantius Fortunatus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 530</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 609</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 626</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregory_of_Agrigento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregory of Agrigento">Gregory of Agrigento</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 559</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 630</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theophylact_Simocatta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theophylact Simocatta">Theophylact Simocatta</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 580</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 630</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_of_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew of Caesarea">Andrew of Caesarea</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 563</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 637</span>) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sophronius_of_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sophronius of Jerusalem">Sophronius of Jerusalem</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 638</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Climacus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 579</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 649</span>) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a> (580–662) (Greek)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anania_Shirakatsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anania Shirakatsi">Anania Shirakatsi</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 610</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 685</span>) (Armenian)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_of_Nineveh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac of Nineveh">Isaac of Nineveh</a> (d. 700) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacob_of_Edessa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacob of Edessa">Jacob of Edessa</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 640</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 708</span>) (Syriac)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bede_the_Venerable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bede the Venerable">Bede the Venerable</a> (d. 735) (Latin)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_of_Damascus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a> (d. 749) (Greek)</li> </ul><p></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Obstacles_to_21st-century_understanding">Obstacles to 21st-century understanding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Obstacles to 21st-century understanding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alister_McGrath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alister McGrath">Alister McGrath</a> notes four reasons why understanding patristics can be difficult in the early 21st-century:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ol> <li>Some of the debates appear to have little relevance to the modern world</li> <li>the use of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classical_philosophy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical philosophy">classical philosophy</a></li> <li>the doctrinal diversity</li> <li>the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East–West Schism">divisions between East and West</a>, i.e., Greek and Latin methods of theology, the extent of use of classical philosophy.</li> </ol> <p>The terms neo-patristics and post-patristics refer to recent theologies according to which the Church Fathers must be reinterpreted or even critically tested in light of modern developments since their writings reflected that of a distant past. These theologies, however, are considered controversial or even dangerous by orthodox theologians.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Patrology_vs._patristics">Patrology vs. patristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Patrology vs. patristics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Some scholars, chiefly in Germany, distinguish patrologia from patristica. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josef_Fessler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josef Fessler">Josef Fessler</a>, for instance, defines patrologia as the science which provides all that is necessary for the using of the works of the Fathers, dealing, therefore, with their authority, the criteria for judging their genuineness, the difficulties to be met within them, and the rules for their use. But Fessler's own <i>Institutiones Patrologiae</i> has a larger range, as have similar works entitled Patrologies, for example, that of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_Bardenhewer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto Bardenhewer">Otto Bardenhewer</a> (tr. Shahan, Freiburg, 1908). Catholic writer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Keating?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Keating">Karl Keating</a> argues that patrology is the study of the Early Fathers and their contemporaries as people, and the authenticity of the works attributed to them. Patristics, on the other hand, is the study of their thought.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>On the other hand, Fessler describes patristica as that theological science by which all that concerns faith, morals, or discipline in the writings of the Fathers is collected and sorted. The lives and works of the Fathers are also described by a non-specialized science: literary history. These distinctions are not much observed, nor do they seem very necessary; they are nothing else than aspects of patristic study as it forms part of fundamental theology, of positive theology, and of literary history.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Availability_of_patristic_texts">Availability of patristic texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Availability of patristic texts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section <b>does not <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Patristics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Patristics">improve this section</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>A vast number of patristic texts are available in their original languages in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Paul_Migne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Paul Migne">Jacques Paul Migne</a>'s two great patrologies, <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrologia_Latina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrologia Latina">Patrologia Latina</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a></i>. For Syriac and other Eastern languages the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrologia_Orientalis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrologia Orientalis">Patrologia Orientalis</a></i> (<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrologia_Syriaca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrologia Syriaca">Patrologia Syriaca</a></i> earlier) is less complete and can be largely supplemented by the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpus_Scriptorum_Christianorum_Orientalium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium">Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium</a></i>. Noted collections containing re-edited patristic texts (also discoveries and new attributions) are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpus_Christianorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpus Christianorum">Corpus Christianorum</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sources_Chr%C3%A9tiennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sources Chrétiennes">Sources Chrétiennes</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpus_Scriptorum_Ecclesiasticorum_Latinorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum">Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum</a>, and on a lesser scale <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_Early_Christian_Texts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford Early Christian Texts">Oxford Early Christian Texts</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fontes_Christiani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fontes Christiani">Fontes Christiani</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tudes_Augustiniennes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Études Augustiniennes (page does not exist)">Études Augustiniennes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>English translations of patristic texts are readily available in a variety of collections. For example:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <ul> <li><i>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers_(book)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ante-Nicene Fathers (book)">Ante-Nicene Fathers</a>: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D.325</i> (Edinburgh: T&T Clark).</li> <li><i>A Select Library of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers">Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers</a> of the Christian Church</i> (Edinburgh: T&T Clark).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newcitypress.com/augustine-series/the-works-of-saint-augustine.html"><i>The Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century</i> (New York City Press).</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118215806/http://cuapress.cua.edu/BOOKS/Supplementary/FCINDEX.cfm%23PS."><i>The Fathers of the Church</i> (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press).</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.paulistpress.com/Products/CategoryCenter/PTRL!ACHW/ancient-christian-writers-series.aspx"><i>Ancient Christian Writers</i> (New York: Paulist Press).</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.routledge.com/The-Early-Church-Fathers/book-series/CHCHFATHERS">The Early Church Fathers (London; New York: Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group).</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.svspress.com/categories/Popular-Patristics-Series/"><i>The Popular Patristics Series</i> (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press).</a></li> </ul> <p>A range of journals cover patristic studies:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <ul> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustinian_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustinian Studies">Augustinian Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_History_(journal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church History (journal)">Church History (journal)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Journal_of_Ecclesiastical_History?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Journal of Ecclesiastical History">The Journal of Ecclesiastical History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journal_of_Early_Christian_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journal of Early Christian Studies">Journal of Early Christian Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Studia_Patristica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Studia Patristica">Studia Patristica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vigiliae_Christianae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vigiliae Christianae">Vigiliae Christianae</a></i></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenian_studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armenian studies">Armenian studies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coptology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coptology">Coptology</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Early_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethiopian_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Studies">Ethiopian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historiography of early Christianity">Historiography of early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papyrology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papyrology">Papyrology</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popular_Patristics_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Popular Patristics Series">Popular Patristics Series</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syriac_studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syriac studies">Syriac studies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Women_in_the_patristic_age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Women in the patristic age">Women in the patristic age</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Christian_women_of_the_patristic_age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian women of the patristic age">List of Christian women of the patristic age</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alopen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alopen">Alopen</a>, a key patristic-era figure in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_Of_The_East?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Of The East">Church Of The East</a>, wrote in Chinese.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EECO_2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EECO_2018_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvan_Geest2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">van Geest, Paul J. J. (2018). "Patrology/Patristics". In Hunter, David G.; van Geest, Paul J. J.; Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (eds.). <i>Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online</i>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brill_Publishers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1163%252F2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00002583">10.1163/2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00002583</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2589-7993">2589-7993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Patrology%2FPatristics&rft.btitle=Brill+Encyclopedia+of+Early+Christianity+Online&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00002583&rft.issn=2589-7993&rft.aulast=van+Geest&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dupont_Boodts_Partoens_Leemans_2018_p._5-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dupont_Boodts_Partoens_Leemans_2018_p._5_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupontBoodtsPartoensLeemans2018" class="citation book cs1">Dupont, A.; Boodts, S.; Partoens, G.; Leemans, J. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_mZjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR5"><i>Preaching in the Patristic Era: Sermons, Preachers, and Audiences in the Latin West</i></a>. A New History of the Sermon. Brill. p. 5. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-36356-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-36356-4"><bdi>978-90-04-36356-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preaching+in+the+Patristic+Era%3A+Sermons%2C+Preachers%2C+and+Audiences+in+the+Latin+West&rft.series=A+New+History+of+the+Sermon&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-90-04-36356-4&rft.aulast=Dupont&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Boodts%2C+S.&rft.au=Partoens%2C+G.&rft.au=Leemans%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_mZjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-van_Oort_2006_pp._80–103-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-van_Oort_2006_pp._80%E2%80%93103_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Oort2006" class="citation journal cs1">van Oort, Johannes (2006). "Biblical Interpretation in the Patristic Era, A 'Handbook of Patristic Exegesis' and Some Other Recent Books and Related Projects". <i>Vigiliae Christianae</i>. <b>60</b> (1). Brill: 80–103. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1163%252F157007206775567924">10.1163/157007206775567924</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-6032">0042-6032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vigiliae+Christianae&rft.atitle=Biblical+Interpretation+in+the+Patristic+Era%2C+A+%27Handbook+of+Patristic+Exegesis%27+and+Some+Other+Recent+Books+and+Related+Projects&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=80-103&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157007206775567924&rft.issn=0042-6032&rft.aulast=van+Oort&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alister_McGrath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alister McGrath">McGrath, Alister E.</a> (1998). "Chapter 1 The Patristic Period, c. 100–451". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historicaltheolo0000mcgr"><i>Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought</i></a></span>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-20843-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-20843-7"><bdi>0-631-20843-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1+The+Patristic+Period%2C+c.+100%E2%80%93451&rft.btitle=Historical+Theology%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+Christian+Thought&rft.pub=Oxford%3A+Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-631-20843-7&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Alister+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaltheolo0000mcgr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrath. op.cit. pp. 20–22.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrath. op.cit. Ch. 1.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrath. op.cit. pp. 27–37.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrath. op.cit. pp. 23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.zoiforos.gr/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D3825">Dr. Triantafyllos Sioulis, «Πατερικός φονταμενταλισμός» ή «μετα-πατερική θεολογική θολούρα»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101020205/http://zoiforos.gr/index.php?option%3Dcom_content">Archived</a> 2011-11-01 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://panayiotistelevantos.blogspot.com/2010/12/blog-post_9045.html">Metropolitan of Nafpaktus <i>ΝΕΟΠΑΤΕΡΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΤΑΠΑΤΕΡΙΚΗ "ΘΕΟΛΟΓΙΑ"</i></a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeating1988" class="citation book cs1">Keating, Karl (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/catholicismfunda00karl"><i>Catholicism and Fundamentalism: The Attack on "Romanism" by "Bible Christians"</i></a></span>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/catholicismfunda00karl/page/330">330</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898701951?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780898701951"><bdi>9780898701951</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholicism+and+Fundamentalism%3A+The+Attack+on+%22Romanism%22+by+%22Bible+Christians%22&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=330&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780898701951&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatholicismfunda00karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/patrology">"Patrology"</a>. <i>Catholic Answers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Answers&rft.atitle=Patrology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fpatrology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patristic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolakowski" class="citation web cs1">Polakowski, Betsy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://libguides.stthomas.edu/c.php?g%3D88750%26p%3D571965">"Research and Course Guides: Patristics / Patrology – The Early Church Fathers & Their Writings: Primary Sources --Original Languages"</a>. <i>libguides.stthomas.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libguides.stthomas.edu&rft.atitle=Research+and+Course+Guides%3A+Patristics+%2F+Patrology+%E2%80%93+The+Early+Church+Fathers+%26+Their+Writings%3A+Primary+Sources+--Original+Languages&rft.aulast=Polakowski&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibguides.stthomas.edu%2Fc.php%3Fg%3D88750%26p%3D571965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11560a.htm">"Patrology"</a>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Patrology&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1911&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F11560a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGérard_Vallée1999" class="citation book cs1">Gérard Vallée (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrhGthh7Kn68C"><i>The shaping of Christianity</i></a>. New York: Paulist Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0809138678?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0809138678"><bdi>978-0809138678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+shaping+of+Christianity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0809138678&rft.au=G%C3%A9rard+Vall%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrhGthh7Kn68C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <p><b>Audio</b></p> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513171641/http://www.sovereigngraceministries.org/Blog/post/Patristics-for-Busy-Pastors-Interview-with-Dr-J-Ligon-Duncan-III-patrology.aspx">"Patristics for Busy Pastors by Dr J Ligon Duncan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sovereigngraceministries.org/Blog/post/Patristics-for-Busy-Pastors-Interview-with-Dr-J-Ligon-Duncan-III-patrology.aspx">the original</a> on 13 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patristics+for+Busy+Pastors+by+Dr+J+Ligon+Duncan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sovereigngraceministries.org%2FBlog%2Fpost%2FPatristics-for-Busy-Pastors-Interview-with-Dr-J-Ligon-Duncan-III-patrology.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519193737/http://biblicaltraining.org/class.php?class%3DCH502">"Church History 1: Dr Gerald Bray"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://biblicaltraining.org/class.php?class%3DCH502">the original</a> on 19 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+History+1%3A+Dr+Gerald+Bray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblicaltraining.org%2Fclass.php%3Fclass%3DCH502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.goarch.org/-/patristics-the-fathers-of-the-church"><i>Patristics: The Fathers of the Church</i></a>. <i>Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patristics%3A+The+Fathers+of+the+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarch.org%2F-%2Fpatristics-the-fathers-of-the-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> <p><b>Online collections</b></p> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccel.org/fathers.html">"Early Church Fathers: Ante-Nicene and Post-Nicene"</a>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_Classics_Ethereal_Library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian Classics Ethereal Library">Christian Classics Ethereal Library</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft.atitle=Early+Church+Fathers%3A+Ante-Nicene+and+Post-Nicene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Ffathers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://tertullian.org/fathers/">"Early Church Fathers: Additional Texts"</a>. <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Tertullian_Project&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Tertullian Project (page does not exist)">The Tertullian Project</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tertullian+Project&rft.atitle=Early+Church+Fathers%3A+Additional+Texts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftertullian.org%2Ffathers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cin.org/users/jgallegos/contents.htm">"Large collection of patristic texts that outline the cardinal doctrines of the Catholic faith"</a>. <i>cin.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cin.org&rft.atitle=Large+collection+of+patristic+texts+that+outline+the+cardinal+doctrines+of+the+Catholic+faith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cin.org%2Fusers%2Fjgallegos%2Fcontents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._P._Migne" class="citation web cs1">J. P. Migne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/25_10_MPL.html">"Patrologia Latina"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrologia+Latina&rft.au=J.+P.+Migne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentacatholicaomnia.eu%2F25_10_MPL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/25_20_MPG.html">"Patrologia Graeca"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrologia+Graeca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentacatholicaomnia.eu%2F25_20_MPG.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span> free digital edition of almost all the texts.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718055251/http://faulkner.edu/academics/artsandsciences/humanities/patristics/default.aspx">"The comprehensive <i>Patrologia</i> compiled by J. P. Migne"</a>. <i>Faulkner University Patristics Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://faulkner.edu/academics/artsandsciences/humanities/patristics/default.aspx">the original</a> on 18 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Faulkner+University+Patristics+Project&rft.atitle=The+comprehensive+Patrologia+compiled+by+J.+P.+Migne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaulkner.edu%2Facademics%2Fartsandsciences%2Fhumanities%2Fpatristics%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span> English translations of patristic texts and high-resolution scans.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._P._Migne1864" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">J. P. Migne (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs103migngoog"><i>Patrologiae cursus completus</i></a> (in Latin).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patrologiae+cursus+completus&rft.date=1864&rft.au=J.+P.+Migne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpatrologiaecurs103migngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.patristique.org/">"Free digital bilingual edition of patristic texts, studies, meditations, prayers"</a> (in French, Latin, and Greek).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Free+digital+bilingual+edition+of+patristic+texts%2C+studies%2C+meditations%2C+prayers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patristique.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers2/">"A 38 volume set containing most of the major works of the first 800 years of Christian patristic writings"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+38+volume+set+containing+most+of+the+major+works+of+the+first+800+years+of+Christian+patristic+writings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20051228100326/http://www2.evansville.edu/ecoleweb/">"Ecole Initiative"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www2.evansville.edu/ecoleweb/">the original</a> on 28 December 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecole+Initiative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.evansville.edu%2Fecoleweb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span> Online collection of patristic texts, images, and information.</li> </ul> <p><b>Others</b></p> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120125910/http://patrologia.graeca.tk/">"Search tool for Patrologia Graeca"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://patrologia.graeca.tk/">the original</a> on 20 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Search+tool+for+Patrologia+Graeca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatrologia.graeca.tk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/">"Roger Pearse: Thoughts on Antiquity and Patristics"</a>. 7 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roger+Pearse%3A+Thoughts+on+Antiquity+and+Patristics&rft.date=2024-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roger-pearse.com%2Fweblog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://patristics.org/">"Website of the North American Patristics Society"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Website+of+the+North+American+Patristics+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatristics.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204065526/http://www.cecs.acu.edu.au/aiep/aiep.htm">"Website of the International Association of Patristics Studies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cecs.acu.edu.au/aiep/aiep.htm">the original</a> on 4 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Website+of+the+International+Association+of+Patristics+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cecs.acu.edu.au%2Faiep%2Faiep.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatristics" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPatristics%26oldid%3D1258944321">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patristics&oldid=1258944321</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="101.115.203.9" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732284774"> <span>Last edited on 22 November 2024, at 14:12</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="آبائيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آبائيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Патристика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Патристика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrologiezh" title="Patrologiezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Patrologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%25C3%25ADstica" title="Patrística – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patrística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristeg" title="Patristeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Patristeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristik" title="Patristik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Patristik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristik" title="Patristik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patristik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%25C3%25ADstica" title="Patrística – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patrística" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristiko" title="Patristiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patristiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C" title="پدرشناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پدرشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristique" title="Patristique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patristique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B5%2590%25EB%25B6%2580%25ED%2595%2599" title="교부학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교부학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Հայրաբանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայրաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristica" title="Patristica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Patristica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristica" title="Patristica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patristica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7%25D7%2594" title="פאטריסטיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאטריסטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590" title="პატრისტიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პატრისტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Патристика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Патристика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristica" title="Patristica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Patristica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrolojia" title="Patrolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Patrolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrisztika" title="Patrisztika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Patrisztika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Патристика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Патристика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="ابائيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابائيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristiek" title="Patristiek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patristiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2595%2599%25E7%2588%25B6%25E5%25AD%25A6" title="教父学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教父学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristikk" title="Patristikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Patristikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrystyka" title="Patrystyka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patrystyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%25C3%25ADstica" title="Patrística – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patrística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristic%25C4%2583" title="Patristică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Patristică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Патристика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Патристика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Патристика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Патристика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristiikka" title="Patristiikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Patristiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristik" title="Patristik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Patristik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patristika" title="Patristika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patristika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Патристика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патристика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA" title="آبائیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبائیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li 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