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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! 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Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istorie_și_formă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorie_și_formă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istorie și formă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorie_și_formă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zemle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 70 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic) – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ze (Cyrillic)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_(cirila_alfabeto)" title="Z (cirila alfabeto) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Z (cirila alfabeto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2_(%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="ز (سیریلیک) – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ز (سیریلیک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze_(Kiril)" title="Ze (Kiril) – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ze (Kiril)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97_(Z_Sirilik)" title="З (Z Sirilik) – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="З (Z Sirilik)" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="З (кириллик тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="З (кириллик тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95)" title="ਜ਼ੇ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ) – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ੇ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ze (Cyrillic)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="З (слово ћирилице) – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="З (слово ћирилице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97_(kirill)" title="З (kirill) – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="З (kirill)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="З үзг – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="З үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" title="З – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="З" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q149076#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zemle" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Zemle&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zemle"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zemle"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Zemle" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Zemle" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&oldid=15223753" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Zemle&id=15223753&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZemle"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZemle"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Zemle"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zemle&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%97" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q149076" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cyrillic_letter_Ze_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cyrillic_letter_Ze_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/120px-Cyrillic_letter_Ze_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cyrillic_letter_Ze_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/180px-Cyrillic_letter_Ze_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cyrillic_letter_Ze_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg/240px-Cyrillic_letter_Ze_-_uppercase_and_lowercase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>З</b> (З, з; cunoscută și ca: <b>zemlja</b> sau <b>ze</b>) este o <a href="/wiki/Liter%C4%83" title="Literă">literă</a> a <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Alfabetul chirilic">alfabetului chirilic</a>. Corespondentul său în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba română">limba română</a> este <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> (Z, z).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De obicei ea reprezintă <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_fricativ%C4%83_alveolar%C4%83_sonor%C4%83" title="Consoană fricativă alveolară sonoră">consoana fricativă alveolară sonoră</a> /z/, la fel ca <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>-ul din cuvântul <b><a href="/wiki/Zar" title="Zar">z</a></b><a href="/wiki/Zar" title="Zar">ar</a> [z̪är]. </p><p>Forma Zemle-ului este identică cu cea a cifrei <a href="/wiki/3_(cifr%C4%83)" title="3 (cifră)">⟨3⟩</a> și asemănătoare cu cea a <a href="/wiki/E_(chirilic)" title="E (chirilic)">literei chirilice E ⟨Э э⟩</a>. </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Unicode" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #999;text-align:center;clear:both"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="11" bgcolor="#cccccf" style="font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;">Literele alfabetului chirilic </th></tr> <tr valign="top" bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А"><big>А</big><br /><small>A</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Buche" title="Buche"><big>Б</big><br /><small>Be</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Vede_(slov%C4%83)" title="Vede (slovă)"><big>В</big><br /><small>Ve</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Glagol" title="Glagol"><big>Г</big><br /><small>Ghe</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Ghe_r%C4%83sucit" title="Ghe răsucit"><big>Ґ</big><br /><small>Ghe răsucit</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Dobru" title="Dobru"><big>Д</big><br /><small>De</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje"><big>Ђ</big><br /><small>Dje</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Gje" title="Gje"><big>Ѓ</big><br /><small>Gje</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Iest" title="Iest"><big>Е</big><br /><small>Ie</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_cu_un_accent_puternic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E cu un accent puternic — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѐ</big><br /><small>le</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Io_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Io (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ё</big><br /><small>Io</small></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Ie_ucrainean" title="Ie ucrainean"><big>Є</big><br /><small>Ie ucrainean</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Juvete" class="mw-redirect" title="Juvete"><big>Ж</big><br /><small>Je</small></a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><big>З</big><br /><small>Zemle</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zalu" title="Zalu"><big>Ѕ</big><br />Zalu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ije" title="Ije"><big>И</big><br /><small>I</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(slov%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="I (slovă)"><big>І</big><br /><small>I decimal</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yi_(chirilic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi (chirilic)"><big>Ї</big><br /><small>Ii</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_scurt" title="I scurt"><big>Й</big><br /><small>I scurt</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_scurt_s%C3%A2rbesc" title="I scurt sârbesc"><big>Ј</big><br /><small>Je</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaku"><big>К</big><br /><small>Ka</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liude" title="Liude"><big>Л</big><br /><small>El</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje"><big>Љ</big><br /><small>Lje</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mislete" title="Mislete"><big>М</big><br /><small>Em</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Na%C8%99_(slov%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naș (slovă)"><big>Н</big><br /><small>En</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje"><big>Њ</big><br /><small>Nje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/On" title="On"><big>О</big><br /><small>O</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pocoi" title="Pocoi"><big>П</big><br /><small>Pe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Er_(chirilic)" title="Er (chirilic)"><big>Р</big><br /><small>Er</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Es_(chirilic)" title="Es (chirilic)"><big>С</big><br /><small>Es</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(chirilic)" title="Te (chirilic)"><big>Т</big><br /><small>Te</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ce_s%C3%A2rbesc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ce sârbesc"><big>Ћ</big><br /><small>Ce</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kje" title="Kje"><big>Ќ</big><br /><small>Kje</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_(chirilic)" title="U (chirilic)"><big>У</big><br /><small>U</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_scurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U scurt — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ў</big><br /><small>U scurt</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(chirilic)" title="Ef (chirilic)"><big>Ф</big><br /><small>Ef</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ha_(chirilic)" title="Ha (chirilic)"><big>Х</big><br /><small>Ha</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Ae_(chirilic)" title="Țe (chirilic)"><big>Ц</big><br /><small>Țe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ce_(chirilic)" title="Ce (chirilic)"><big>Ч</big><br /><small>Ce</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_(chirilic)" title="Ge (chirilic)"><big>Џ</big><br /><small>Ge</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%98a_(slov%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Șa (slovă)"><big>Ш</big><br /><small>Șa</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%98t/%C8%98ci" title="Șt/Șci"><big>Щ</big><br /><small>Șt/Șci</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ier" title="Ier"><big>Ъ</big><br /><small>Ă</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ier%C3%AE" title="Ierî"><big>Ы</big><br /><small>Î/Â</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ieri" title="Ieri"><big>Ь</big><br /><small>semn moale</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top" bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_(chirilic)" title="E (chirilic)"><big>Э</big><br /><small>Ă rusesc</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iu_(chirilic)" title="Iu (chirilic)"><big>Ю</big><br /><small>Iu</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ia_(chirilic)" title="Ia (chirilic)"><big>Я</big><br /><small>Ia</small></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="11" bgcolor="#cccccf" style="font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;">Litere chirilice non-slave </td></tr> <tr valign="top" bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palocica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palocica — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ӏ</big><br /><small>Palocica</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%98va_(chirilic)" title="Șva (chirilic)"><big>Ә</big><br /><small>Șva</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghein" title="Ghein"><big>Ғ</big><br /><small>Ghein</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_moldovenesc" title="Ge moldovenesc"><big>Ӂ</big><br /><small>Ge moldovenesc</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhe_(chirilic)" title="Dhe (chirilic)"><big>Ҙ</big><br /><small>Dhe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qa_ba%C8%99kiric" title="Qa bașkiric"><big>Ҡ</big><br /><small>Qa bașkiric</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qaf_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qaf (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Қ</big><br /><small>Qaf</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ng_(chirilic)" title="Ng (chirilic)"><big>Ң</big><br /><small>Ng</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oe_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oe (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ө</big><br /><small>Oe</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ue_(chirilic)" title="Ue (chirilic)"><big>Ү</big><br /><small>Ue</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U_scurt_kazah" title="U scurt kazah"><big>Ұ</big><br /><small>U scurt kazah</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_abhaz" title="Kha abhaz"><big>Ҩ</big><br /><small>Kha abhaz</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_abhaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe abhaz — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ҧ</big><br /><small>Pe abhaz</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98ha_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șha (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Һ</big><br /><small>Șha</small></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="11" bgcolor="#cccccf" style="font-family:inherit; font-weight:normal;">Litere arhaice ale alfabetului chirilic </td></tr> <tr valign="top" bgcolor="#f8f8f8"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ia_(chirilic)" title="Ia (chirilic)"><big>ІА</big><br /><small>A iotifiat</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_iotifiat" title="E iotifiat"><big>Ѥ</big><br /><small>E iotifiat</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ius" title="Ius"><big>Ѧ</big><br /><small>Ius mic</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ius" title="Ius"><big>Ѫ</big><br /><small>Ius mare</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ius" title="Ius"><big>Ѩ</big><br /><small>Ius iotifiat</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ius" title="Ius"><big>Ѭ</big><br /><small>Ius iotifiat mare</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xi_(chirilic)" title="Xi (chirilic)"><big>Ѯ</big><br /><small>Xi</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psi_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psi (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѱ</big><br /><small>Psi</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fita — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѳ</big><br /><small>Fita</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iji%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ijița — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѵ</big><br /><small>Ijița</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iji%C8%9Ba_okov%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ijița okovî — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѷ</big><br /><small>Ijița okovî</small></a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(chirilic)" title="Koppa (chirilic)"><big>Ҁ</big><br /><small>Koppa</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uk_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uk (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѹ</big><br /><small>Uk</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѡ</big><br /><small>Omega</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ot_(chirilic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ot (chirilic) — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѿ</big><br /><small>Ot</small></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iat — pagină inexistentă"><big>Ѣ</big><br /><small>Iat</small></a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="chu-Cyrs" title="Slavonic" class="script-slavonic" style="font-size:115%; font-family: BukyVede, 'Kliment Std', 'RomanCyrillic Std', Dilyana, Menaion, 'Menaion Medieval', Lazov, Code2000, 'DejaVu Sans', Code2001, 'Free Serif', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Charis SIL', 'Doulos SIL', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Bitstream CyberBase', Thryomanes, 'Lucida Grande', 'Free Sans', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Lucida Sans Unicode';"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8En" title="În"><big>Ꙟ</big></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/%C3%8En" title="În">În</a></small> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie_și_formă"><span id="Istorie_.C8.99i_form.C4.83"></span>Istorie și formă</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie și formă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie și formă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zemle derivă de la litera <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_grec" title="Alfabetul grec">grecească</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeta_(liter%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeta (literă)">zeta (Ζ ζ)</a>. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic_timpuriu" title="Alfabetul chirilic timpuriu">alfabetul chirilic timpuriu</a> numele său era землꙗ (<i>zemlja</i>), ce însemna „pământ”. Forma Zemle-ului arăta la început asemănătoare cu cea a <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>-ului <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">latin</a> sau a zeta-ului grecesc cu o codiță la capăt ⟨ꙁ⟩. Deși există ca, caracter Unicode forma de majuscula pentru Zemle-ul timpuriu ⟨Ꙁ⟩, istoric a existat doar minuscula timpurie. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Cifre_chirilice" title="Cifre chirilice">numerația chirilică</a>, Zemle avea valoarea de <a href="/wiki/7_(cifr%C4%83)" title="7 (cifră)">7</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190203085030/http://muzeulmuresenilor.ro/arhiva/tranzitie-alfabet-chirilic-la-alfabet-latin/1341-alfabet-chirilic-roman.html">„Alfabet chirilic român”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muzeulmuresenilor.ro/arhiva/tranzitie-alfabet-chirilic-la-alfabet-latin/1341-alfabet-chirilic-roman.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-02-03">3 februarie 2019</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alfabet+chirilic+rom%C3%A2n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuzeulmuresenilor.ro%2Farhiva%2Ftranzitie-alfabet-chirilic-la-alfabet-latin%2F1341-alfabet-chirilic-roman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AZemle" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> </ol></div><div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:%D0%91_Cambria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D0%91_Cambria.svg/30px-%D0%91_Cambria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D0%91_Cambria.svg/45px-%D0%91_Cambria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D0%91_Cambria.svg/60px-%D0%91_Cambria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1447" /></a></span></td><td> <i>Acest articol despre o <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Alfabetul chirilic">literă chirilică</a> este deocamdată un <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ciot_perfect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Ciot perfect">ciot</a>. Ajutați <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">wikipedia</a> prin <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemle&action=edit">completarea sa</a>!</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemle&oldid=15223753">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemle&oldid=15223753</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Categorie:Alfabetul chirilic">Alfabetul chirilic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Litere" title="Categorie:Litere">Litere</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie ascunsă: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_Litere_chirilice" title="Categorie:Cioturi Litere chirilice">Cioturi Litere chirilice</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 27 octombrie 2022, ora 01:20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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