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searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in Romania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #A52A2A; border-bottom:2px solid #A52A2A; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">National Christian Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname"><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Partidul Național Creștin</i></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Christian_Party_swastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/National_Christian_Party_swastika.svg/180px-National_Christian_Party_swastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/National_Christian_Party_swastika.svg/270px-National_Christian_Party_swastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/National_Christian_Party_swastika.svg/360px-National_Christian_Party_swastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="244" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Nichifor Crainic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a><br /><a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">A. C. Cuza</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16 July 1935<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1935-7-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Banned</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10 February 1938<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1938-2-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Agrarian_Party" title="National Agrarian Party">National Agrarian Party</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">National-Christian Defense League</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Paramilitary wing</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro"><a href="/wiki/L%C4%83ncieri" title="Lăncieri">Lăncieri</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fascist_corporatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist corporatism">Fascist corporatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodoxy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_National_Christian_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_National_Christian_Party.svg/180px-Flag_of_National_Christian_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_National_Christian_Party.svg/270px-Flag_of_National_Christian_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_National_Christian_Party.svg/360px-Flag_of_National_Christian_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #A52A2A;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Fascism in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanian_fascist_symbols.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Various Romanian fascist symbols"><img alt="Various Romanian fascist symbols" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Romanian_fascist_symbols.svg/120px-Romanian_fascist_symbols.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Romanian_fascist_symbols.svg/180px-Romanian_fascist_symbols.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Romanian_fascist_symbols.svg/240px-Romanian_fascist_symbols.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#66CDAA;text-align:center;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Italo-Romanian_Cultural_and_Economic_Movement" title="National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement">MNFIR</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Romanian_Fascio" title="National Romanian Fascio">Fascio</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">LANC</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Movement" title="National Fascist Movement">MNF</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Action (page does not exist)">Romanian Action</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizen_Bloc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizen Bloc (page does not exist)">Citizen Bloc</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_(Romania)" title="National Socialist Party (Romania)">PNSR</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard_death_squads" title="Iron Guard death squads">Iron Guard death squads</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Crusade of Romanianism</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front" title="Romanian Front">FR</a> (1935)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PNC</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party_(Romania)" title="German People's Party (Romania)">PPGR</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpul_Muncitoresc_Legionar" title="Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar">CML</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">FRN</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Youth_Labour" title="Romanian Youth Labour">MTR</a> (1942)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#66CDAA;text-align:center;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Bacaloglu" title="Elena Bacaloglu">Bacaloglu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Bonfert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Bonfert (page does not exist)">Bonfert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Cantacuzino-Gr%C4%83nicerul" title="Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul">Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">Cuza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigore_For%C8%9Bu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigore Forțu (page does not exist)">Forțu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_A._L%C4%83z%C4%83reanu-L%C4%83zuric%C4%83" title="Gheorghe A. Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică">Lăzurică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Manoilescu" title="Mihail Manoilescu">Manoilescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Stelescu" title="Mihai Stelescu">Stelescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tefan_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ștefan Tătărescu (page does not exist)">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titus_Panaitescu_Vifor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titus Panaitescu Vifor (page does not exist)">Vifor</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#66CDAA;text-align:center;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Periodicals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buna_Vestire" title="Buna Vestire">Buna Vestire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cuv%C3%A2ntul" title="Cuvântul">Cuvântul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndirea" title="Gândirea">Gândirea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sfarm%C4%83-Piatr%C4%83" title="Sfarmă-Piatră">Sfarmă-Piatră</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%9Aara_Noastr%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Țara Noastră (page does not exist)">Țara Noastră</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#66CDAA;text-align:center;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_the_Romanian_Orthodox_Church_and_the_Iron_Guard" title="Relationship between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Iron Guard">The Orthodox Church and the Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legionary_State" title="National Legionary State">National Legionary State</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_My_Legionaries" title="For My Legionaries">For My Legionaries</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#66CDAA;text-align:center;color:white;;color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funerals_of_Ion_Mo%C8%9Ba_and_Vasile_Marin" title="Funerals of Ion Moța and Vasile Marin">Moța–Marin funerals</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilava_massacre" title="Jilava massacre">Jilava massacre</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom</a> (1941)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fascism_in_Romania" title="Template:Fascism in Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fascism_in_Romania" title="Template talk:Fascism in Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism_in_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism in Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Christian Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Partidul Național Creștin</i>) was a far-right<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> and strongly <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a><sup id="cite_ref-Payne284_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Payne284-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> active between 1935 and 1938. It was formed by a merger of <a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Agrarian_Party_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Agrarian Party (Romania)">National Agrarian Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">A. C. Cuza</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">National-Christian Defense League</a> (LANC); a prominent member of the party was the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Nichifor Crainic</a>. Goga was chosen in December 1937 by <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a> to form a <a href="/wiki/Goga_cabinet" title="Goga cabinet">government</a> which included Cuza. The government lasted for only 44 days and was followed by a royal dictatorship by Carol. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Christian_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania_under_Fascism" title="Kingdom of Romania under Fascism">Kingdom of Romania under Fascism</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afi%C8%99_Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional-Cre%C8%99tin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Afi%C8%99_Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional-Cre%C8%99tin.jpg/150px-Afi%C8%99_Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional-Cre%C8%99tin.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Afi%C8%99_Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional-Cre%C8%99tin.jpg/225px-Afi%C8%99_Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional-Cre%C8%99tin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Afi%C8%99_Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional-Cre%C8%99tin.jpg/300px-Afi%C8%99_Partidul_Na%C8%9Bional-Cre%C8%99tin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Antisemitic and anti-democratic imagery on a National Christian Party political poster</figcaption></figure> <p>Founded in 1935, and led by Goga, it never received more than about 10% of the vote, but was chosen in December 1937 by <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a> to form a government. The party stated that it would rule by the existing constitution but held longer term ambitions at reform, wanting to introduce a smaller parliament and a new <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">corporatist</a> upper chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-Payne284_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Payne284-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was especially noted for its <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">anti-Semitism</a> and Alexander Easterman writes of the party's brief time in office, "Goga proclaimed his policy, openly and unashamed, as designed to rid Roumania of the <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>. Indeed, he had no other policy to offer; his government was quite simply anti-Semitic and nothing else".<sup id="cite_ref-Easterman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to underline its anti-Semitic credentials the party adopted the <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a> as its emblem, whilst retaining the blue shirt of the LANC as its political uniform.<sup id="cite_ref-Payne284_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Payne284-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Easterman hypothesizes that Carol had placed this party in power "to give his people a taste of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a>", hoping vainly that an ensuing reaction against such policies would sweep away not only the relatively weak National Christians but also the far stronger <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Easterman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easterman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party retained close links to the paramilitary <a href="/wiki/L%C4%83ncieri" title="Lăncieri">Lăncieri</a>, which had previously been close to LANC.<sup id="cite_ref-Payne284_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Payne284-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Goga_cabinet" title="Goga cabinet">Goga's government</a> was formed on 29 December 1937, and began its term by repudiating Romania's obligations under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Paris (1919)">1919 Treaty of Paris</a>, also known as the Minorities Treaty, imposed upon it at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">1919 Paris Peace Conference</a>. The government then introduced a series of <a href="/wiki/Anti-semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-semitic">anti-semitic</a> laws.<sup id="cite_ref-quinlan1977_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quinlan1977-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 January 1938, it promulgated a <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a> aimed at reviewing criteria for citizenship (after it cast allegations that previous cabinets had allowed <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Ukrainian Jews</a> to obtain it illegally).<sup id="cite_ref-Ornea,_p.391_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ornea,_p.391-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It required all Jews who had received citizenship in 1918-1919 to reapply for it, and set an impossibly high bar for documentary proof of such citizenship, while providing only 20 days in which this could be achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It effectively stripped 250,000 <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian Jews</a> of Romanian citizenship, one third of the Romanian Jewish population.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish businesses were closed down; and the resulting disruption took down many non-Jewish businesses and caused massive <a href="/wiki/Capital_flight" title="Capital flight">capital flight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides being an anti-Semite himself, Goga attempted to outflank the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a>'s popular support. In press interviews at the time he said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Jewish problem is an old one here, and it is a Romanian tragedy. Briefly, we have far too many Jews. , </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>TIME</i> interview, 1938<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For us there is only one final solution of the Jewish problem—the collection of all Jews into a region that is still uninhabited, and the foundation there of a Jewish nation. And the further away the better.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>1938 interview<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The regime instituted by Goga and Cuza gave itself a <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> wing of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascist</a> character, the <i><a href="/wiki/L%C4%83ncieri" title="Lăncieri">Lăncieri</a></i> ("Lance-bearers"). They borrowed heavily from the Iron Guard, and started competing with it for public attention. Between 1935 and 1937, the <i>Lăncieri</i> carried out more terrorist actions and pogroms throughout Romania than the Iron Guard.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its anti-semitic measures, the Goga-Cuza government has been referred to as "more Nazi than the Germans".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Goga's request, Carol dissolved parliament on 18 January 1938 with a view toward holding a new election that winter. However, Carol became alarmed with overtures being made by the National Christian Party towards the Iron Guard,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 10 February 1938, he ended Goga's government after only 45 days, suspended the Constitution, canceled the planned election, and instituted a royal <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorship</a>. He formed the <a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a> as the <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">single monopoly party</a> and banned all other political parties. He suspended the <a href="/wiki/1923_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1923 Constitution of Romania">1923 Constitution</a>, and created the <a href="/wiki/1938_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1938 Constitution of Romania">1938 Constitution of Romania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Christian_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_elections">Legislative elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Christian_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center""> <tbody><tr> <th>Election</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>Percentage</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of Romania">Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a></th> <th>Position</th> <th>Aftermath </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/1937_Romanian_general_election" title="1937 Romanian general election">1937</a> </th> <td>281,167 </td> <td>9.3% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">39 / 387</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #A52A2A; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 113</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #A52A2A; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>4th </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">PNC minority government (1937–1938) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Christian_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPayne1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_G._Payne" title="Stanley G. Payne">Payne, Stanley G.</a> (1996). <i>A History of Fascism, 1914–1945</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Fascism%2C+1914%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Christian+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Payne284-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Payne284_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Payne284_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Payne284_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Payne284_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPayne1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_G._Payne" title="Stanley G. Payne">Payne, Stanley G.</a> (1995). <i>A History of Fascism, 1914–1945</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 284.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Fascism%2C+1914%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Christian+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Easterman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Easterman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Easterman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Easterman, A.L., <i>King Carol, Hitler, and Lupescu</i>, London: Victor Gollancz Ltd. (1942) p. 258–259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quinlan1977-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quinlan1977_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuinlan1977" class="citation book cs1">Quinlan, Paul D. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MJW3AAAAIAAJ&q=%22no+sooner+had+the+Goga+Government+taken+office%22"><i>Clash over Romania: British and American policies toward Romania, 1938-1947</i></a>. American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780686232636" title="Special:BookSources/9780686232636"><bdi>9780686232636</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clash+over+Romania%3A+British+and+American+policies+toward+Romania%2C+1938-1947&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=American+Romanian+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780686232636&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMJW3AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522no%2Bsooner%2Bhad%2Bthe%2BGoga%2BGovernment%2Btaken%2Boffice%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Christian+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ornea,_p.391-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ornea,_p.391_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ornea, p.391</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Royal Decree</i>, 1938, art.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Itamar Levin, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, <i>His Majesty's Enemies: Great Britain's War Against Holocaust Victims and Survivors</i>, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Easterman, 1942, p. 259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091018074026/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,759035,00.html">"Bloodsucker of the Villages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TIME_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME Magazine">TIME Magazine</a></i>. 31 January 1938. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,759035,00.html">the original</a> on October 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME+Magazine&rft.atitle=Bloodsucker+of+the+Villages&rft.date=1938-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C759035%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Christian+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11142768">"Jews Spurned in Rumania"</a>. <i>The Argus</i>. Independent Cable Service. 24 January 1938. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=Jews+Spurned+in+Rumania&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1938-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article11142768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Christian+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivan T. Berend, University of California Press, 2001, <i>Decades of Crisis: Central and Eastern Europe Before World War II</i>, p. 337</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolph Tessler, University of Missouri Press, 1999, <i>Letter to My Children: From Romania to America Via Auschwitz</i>, p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Mann, <i>Fascists</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 288-289</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Romania_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Romania&#124;link=Romania327" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanian_political_parties" title="Template:Romanian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Romanian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Romania_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Romania&#124;link=Romania327" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Humanist_Party" title="Social Liberal Humanist Party">Social Liberal Humanist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">Force of the Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewing_Romania%27s_European_Project" title="Renewing Romania's European Project">Renewing Romania's European Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Respect_in_Europe_for_All_Party" title="Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party">Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.O.S._Romania" title="S.O.S. Romania">S.O.S. Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Nationhood_Party" title="Romanian Nationhood Party">Romanian Nationhood Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Italians_of_Romania" title="Association of Italians of Romania">Association of Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Macedonians_of_Romania" title="Association of Macedonians of Romania">Association of Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Union_of_Banat%E2%80%93Romania" title="Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania">Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_the_Lipovan_Russians_in_Romania" title="Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania">Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Union_of_Ruthenians_of_Romania" title="Cultural Union of Ruthenians of Romania">Cultural Union of Ruthenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forum_of_Germans_in_Romania" title="Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania">Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Turkish_Union_of_Romania" title="Democratic Turkish Union of Romania">Democratic Turkish Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Slovaks_and_Czechs_of_Romania" title="Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania">Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_Turkic-Muslim_Tatars_of_Romania" title="Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars of Romania">Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Jewish_Communities_in_Romania" title="Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania">Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Union_of_Romania" title="Hellenic Union of Romania">Hellenic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Albanians_of_Romania" title="League of Albanians of Romania">League of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Roma" title="Party of the Roma">Party of the Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armenians_of_Romania" title="Union of Armenians of Romania">Union of Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Croatians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Croatians of Romania">Union of Croatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Poles_of_Romania" title="Union of Poles of Romania">Union of Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Serbs_of_Romania" title="Union of Serbs of Romania">Union of Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Ukrainians_of_Romania" title="Union of the Ukrainians of Romania">Union of the Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraparliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Homeland" title="Alliance for the Homeland">Alliance for the Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Romania)" title="Green Party (Romania)">Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_People_Together" title="Nation People Together">Nation People Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">People's Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRO_Romania" title="PRO Romania">PRO Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist Party of Romania">Ecologist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rebirth_Alliance" title="National Rebirth Alliance">National Rebirth Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noua_Dreapt%C4%83" title="Noua Dreaptă">Noua Dreaptă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Nationhood_Party" title="Romanian Nationhood Party">Romanian Nationhood Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Socialist_Party_(2003)" title="Romanian Socialist Party (2003)">Romanian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Alternative" title="The Right Alternative">The Right Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Romania" title="Volt Romania">Volt Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Defunct129" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size: 85%;">Defunct</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Nationalist_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)">Democratic Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Romania)" title="Democratic Union Party (Romania)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Romania)" title="National Party (Romania)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_from_Banat" title="National Union from Banat">National Union from Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Unity_Party" title="Romanian National Unity Party">Romanian National Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Romania_Party" title="United Romania Party">United Romania Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_(Romania)" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_Independent_Faction" title="Free and Independent Faction">Free and Independent Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Union%E2%80%93Br%C4%83tianu" title="Liberal Union–Brătianu">Liberal Union–Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania,_1875)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)">National Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party%E2%80%93Br%C4%83tianu" title="National Liberal Party–Brătianu">National Liberal Party–Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party%E2%80%93C%C3%A2mpeanu" title="National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu">National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party%E2%80%93T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="National Liberal Party–Tătărescu">National Liberal Party–Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical Party (Romania) (page does not exist)">Radical Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conservative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Force" title="Civic Force">Civic Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania,_1880%E2%80%931918)" title="Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative-Democratic_Party" title="Conservative-Democratic Party">Conservative-Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junimea" title="Junimea">Constitutional Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Christian_Party" title="National Democratic Christian Party">National Democratic Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(interwar_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Party (interwar Romania)">People's Party (1918–1938)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Romania,_2005%E2%80%9306)" title="People's Party (Romania, 2005–06)">People's Party (2005–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_(Romania)" title="Progressive Conservative Party (Romania)">Progressive Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Party" title="Romanian National Party">Romanian National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlad_%C8%9Aepe%C8%99_League" title="Vlad Țepeș League">Vlad Țepeș League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Socialist_Party" title="Banat Socialist Party">Banat Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Nepeceri%C8%99ti)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party (Nepeceriști)">Communist Party (Nepeceriști)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Salvation_Front" title="Democratic National Salvation Front">Democratic National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Labour" title="Democratic Party of Labour">Democratic Party of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Romania)" title="Labor Party (Romania)">Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Social_Solidarity" title="Party of Social Solidarity">Party of Social Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker-Peasant_Bloc" title="Worker-Peasant Bloc">Worker-Peasant Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Dan_Diaconescu" title="People's Party – Dan Diaconescu">People's Party – Dan Diaconescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_(1927%E2%80%931948)" title="Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)">Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Social_Democratic_Party_(1990%E2%80%932001)" title="Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)">Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Socialist_Democratic_Party" title="Romanian Socialist Democratic Party">Romanian Socialist Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Socialist_Party_(1992%E2%80%932015)" title="Romanian Socialist Party (1992–2015)">Romanian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_of_Bukovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Democratic Party of Bukovina (page does not exist)">Social Democratic Party of Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Romania_(1910%E2%80%931918)" title="Social Democratic Party of Romania (1910–1918)">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party_of_Romania" title="Social Democratic Workers' Party of Romania">Social Democratic Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Labour" title="Socialist Party of Labour">Socialist Party of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Protection_People%27s_Party" title="Social Protection People's Party">Social Protection People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Romania" title="Socialist Party of Romania">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Transylvania" title="Socialist Party of Transylvania">Socialist Party of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_of_Romania" title="Socialist Workers Party of Romania">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_(Romania)" title="United Socialist Party (Romania)">United Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agrarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_League_(Romania)" title="Agrarian League (Romania)">Agrarian League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Union_Party" title="Agrarian Union Party">Agrarian Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabian_Peasants%27_Party" title="Bessarabian Peasants' Party">Bessarabian Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Agrarian_Party_of_Romania" title="Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania">Democratic Agrarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Peasants%27_Party_(Bukovina)" title="Democratic Peasants' Party (Bukovina)">Democratic Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Peasants%27_Party%E2%80%93Lupu" title="Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu">Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Peasants%27_Party%E2%80%93Stere" title="Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere">Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Against_Usury" title="League Against Usury">League Against Usury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agrarian_Party" title="National Agrarian Party">National Agrarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Party" title="National Peasants' Party">National Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Party%E2%80%93Alexandrescu" title="National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu">National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Party_(Romania)" title="Peasants' Party (Romania)">Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Party%E2%80%93Lupu" title="Peasants' Party–Lupu">Peasants' Party–Lupu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploughmen%27s_Front" title="Ploughmen's Front">Ploughmen's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Peasants%27_Party" title="Radical Peasants' Party">Radical Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Peasants%27_Party" title="Socialist Peasants' Party">Socialist Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Peasants%27_Party" title="Transylvanian Peasants' Party">Transylvanian Peasants' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Far-right</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizen_Bloc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizen Bloc (page does not exist)">Citizen Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Crusade of Romanianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">National-Christian Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Movement" title="National Fascist Movement">National Fascist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Italo-Romanian_Cultural_and_Economic_Movement" title="National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement">National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Romanian_Fascio" title="National Romanian Fascio">National Romanian Fascio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_(Romania)" title="National Socialist Party (Romania)">National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Action (page does not exist)">Romanian Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front" title="Romanian Front">Romanian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_Swabian_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autonomous Swabian Party (page does not exist)">Autonomous Swabian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratstvo_Community_of_Bulgarians_in_Romania" title="Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania">Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Union_of_Albanians_of_Romania" title="Cultural Union of Albanians of Romania">Cultural Union of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_the_Roma_of_Romania" title="Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania">Democratic Union of the Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(Romania)" title="German Party (Romania)">German Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party_(Romania)" title="German People's Party (Romania)">German People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund_in_Romania" title="General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania">General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Group of Transylvanian Saxons">Group of Transylvanian Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Party" title="Hungarian People's Party">Hungarian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Union" title="Hungarian People's Union">Hungarian People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Union_(Romania)" title="Hungarian Union (Romania)">Hungarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Community_of_Romania" title="Italian Community of Romania">Italian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Democratic_Committee" title="Jewish Democratic Committee">Jewish Democratic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_People%27s_Party" title="Jewish National People's Party">Jewish National People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Party_(Romania)" title="Jewish Party (Romania)">Jewish Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Party_(Romania)" title="Magyar Party (Romania)">Magyar Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Hungarian-Szekler_Party" title="National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party">National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Italo-Romanian_Cultural_and_Economic_Movement" title="National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement">National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Council_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's Council Party (page does not exist)">People's Council Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_Group" title="Swabian Group">Swabian Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Party" title="Ukrainian National Party">Ukrainian National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Workers%27_Party_of_Romania" title="Ukrainian Workers' Party of Romania">Ukrainian Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Romanian_Jews" title="Union of Romanian Jews">Union of Romanian Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Movement_of_Romania" title="Ecological Movement of Romania">Ecological Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Union_of_Romania_Party" title="Ecologist Union of Romania Party">Ecologist Union of Romania Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Party_(Romania)" title="National Popular Party (Romania)">Union of Patriots/National Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconstruction_Party_of_Romania" title="National Reconstruction Party of Romania">National Reconstruction Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Free_Change" title="Party of Free Change">Party of Free Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Young_Free_Democrats_of_Romania" title="Party of Young Free Democrats of Romania">Party of Young Free Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Romania,_1990)" title="Republican Party (Romania, 1990)">Republican Party (1993–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Romania,_1993)" title="Republican Party (Romania, 1993)">Republican Party (1990–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvania%E2%80%93Banat_League" title="Transylvania–Banat League">Transylvania–Banat League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Romanian_Unity" title="Alliance for Romanian Unity">Alliance for Romanian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_PSD%2BPC" title="Alliance PSD+PC">Alliance PSD+PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Left_Alliance" title="Centre Left Alliance">Centre Left Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Right_Alliance" title="Centre Right Alliance">Centre Right Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Liberal_Alliance" title="Christian Liberal Alliance">Christian Liberal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Group_of_the_Centre" title="Democratic Group of the Centre">Democratic Group of the Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Socialist_Parties_from_Romania" title="Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania">Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_of_Socialist_Unity_and_Democracy" title="Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy">Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Ecologist_Party" title="Green Ecologist Party">Green Ecologist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_German_Bloc" title="Hungarian German Bloc">Hungarian German Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Truth_Alliance" title="Justice and Truth Alliance">Justice and Truth Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Ecologist_Alliance" title="National Liberal Ecologist Alliance">National Liberal Ecologist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_PSD%2BPUR" title="National Union PSD+PUR">National Union PSD+PUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Front_(Romania)" title="People's Democratic Front (Romania)">People's Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Quadrilateral" title="Red Quadrilateral">Red Quadrilateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Romania_Alliance" title="Right Romania Alliance">Right Romania Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Democratic_Convention" title="Romanian Democratic Convention">Romanian Democratic Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Pole_of_Romania" title="Social Democratic Pole of Romania">Social Democratic Pole of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Union_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Union (Romania)">Social Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Union" title="Social Liberal Union">Social Liberal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USR_PLUS" title="USR PLUS">USR PLUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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