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Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5)" title="كنكان (رقص) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كنكان (رقص)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canc%C3%A1n" title="Cancán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cancán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan_kan" title="Kan kan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kan kan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Канкан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канкан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Канкан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Канкан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan_(dansa)" title="Cancan (dansa) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cancan (dansa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kank%C3%A1n" title="Kankán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kankán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canc%C3%A1n" title="Cancán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cancán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankano" title="Kankano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kankano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="کن‌کن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کن‌کن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can-can" title="Can-can – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Can-can" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%89%EC%BA%89" title="캉캉 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캉캉" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Կանկան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանկան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can-can" title="Can-can – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Can-can" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can-can" title="Can-can – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Can-can" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קאן-קאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאן-קאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კანკანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანკანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankanas" title="Kankanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kankanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1nk%C3%A1n" title="Kánkán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kánkán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3" title="フレンチカンカン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレンチカンカン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankan" title="Kankan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kankan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankan_(taniec)" title="Kankan (taniec) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kankan (taniec)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canc%C3%A3" title="Cancã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cancã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Канкан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канкан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can-can" title="Can-can – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Can-can" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кан кан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кан кан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can-can" title="Can-can – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Can-can" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancan" title="Cancan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cancan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99" title="แคนแคน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคนแคน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Канкан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Канкан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83ng-c%C4%83ng" title="Căng-căng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Căng-căng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%BA%B7%E8%88%9E" title="康康舞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="康康舞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333009#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Music-hall dance</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Can-can_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Can-can (disambiguation)">Can-can (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_(poster)_1895-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg/300px-Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg/450px-Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg/600px-Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of the can-can by <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, 1895</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Offenbach_-_Orpheus_in_the_Underworld_-_Overture,_Can_Can_section.ogg" title="File:Offenbach - Orpheus in the Underworld - Overture, Can Can section.ogg">Cancan section from the overture to <i>Orphée aux enfers</i> (1:46)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="107" data-mwtitle="Offenbach_-_Orpheus_in_the_Underworld_-_Overture,_Can_Can_section.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Offenbach_-_Orpheus_in_the_Underworld_-_Overture%2C_Can_Can_section.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Offenbach_-_Orpheus_in_the_Underworld_-_Overture%2C_Can_Can_section.ogg/Offenbach_-_Orpheus_in_the_Underworld_-_Overture%2C_Can_Can_section.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The <b>can-can</b> (also spelled <b>cancan</b> as in the original French <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">/kɑ̃kɑ̃/</a>) is a high-energy, physically demanding dance that became a popular <a href="/wiki/Music-hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Music-hall">music-hall</a> dance in the 1840s, continuing in popularity in French <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally danced by couples, it is now traditionally associated with a <a href="/wiki/Chorus_line" title="Chorus line">chorus line</a> of female dancers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main features of the dance are the vigorous manipulation of skirts and petticoats, along with high kicks, <a href="/wiki/Split_(gymnastics)" title="Split (gymnastics)">splits</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cartwheel_(gymnastics)" title="Cartwheel (gymnastics)">cartwheels</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Can-can&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Seurat,_1889-90,_Le_Chahut,_oil_on_canvas,_170_x_141_cm,_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Georges_Seurat%2C_1889-90%2C_Le_Chahut%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_170_x_141_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum.jpeg/170px-Georges_Seurat%2C_1889-90%2C_Le_Chahut%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_170_x_141_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Georges_Seurat%2C_1889-90%2C_Le_Chahut%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_170_x_141_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum.jpeg/255px-Georges_Seurat%2C_1889-90%2C_Le_Chahut%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_170_x_141_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Georges_Seurat%2C_1889-90%2C_Le_Chahut%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_170_x_141_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum.jpeg/340px-Georges_Seurat%2C_1889-90%2C_Le_Chahut%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_170_x_141_cm%2C_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a>, 1889–90, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Chahut" title="Le Chahut">Le Chahut</a></i></span>, oil on canvas, 170 cm × 141 cm (67 in × 56 in), <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum" title="Kröller-Müller Museum">Kröller-Müller Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_031.jpg/170px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_031.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_031.jpg/255px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_031.jpg/340px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3523" /></a><figcaption>Toulouse-Lautrec, <i>Jane Avril Dancing</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The can-can is believed to have evolved from the final figure in the <a href="/wiki/Quadrille" title="Quadrille">quadrille</a>, a social dance for four or more couples.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact origin of the dance is obscure,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the steps may have been inspired by a popular entertainer of the 1820s, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mazurier" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles-François Mazurier">Charles-François Mazurier</a> (1798–1828), well known for his <a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">mime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrobatic dance">acrobatic dance</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Grand_%C3%A9cart" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand écart">grand écart</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jump_split" class="mw-redirect" title="Jump split">jump splits</a>—both popular features of the can-can; his greatest success was in <i>Jocko, or The Brazilian Ape</i> (1825).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dance was considered scandalous, and for a while there were attempts to suppress it. This may have been partly because in the 19th century, women wore <a href="/wiki/Pantalettes" title="Pantalettes">pantalettes</a>, which had an open crotch, and the high kicks were intentionally revealing. There is no evidence that can-can dancers wore special closed underwear, although it has been said that the <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> management did not permit dancers to perform in "revealing undergarments".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, people dancing the can-can were arrested, but there is no record of its being banned, as some accounts claim.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Throughout the 1830s, it was often groups of men, particularly students, who danced the can-can at public dance-halls.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the dance became more popular, professional performers emerged, although it was still danced by individuals, not by a chorus line.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few men became can-can stars in the 1840s to 1861 and an all-male group known as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Quadrille des Clodoches</i></span> performed in London in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, women performers were much more widely known. </p><p>By the 1890s, it was possible to earn a living as a full-time dancer and stars such as <a href="/wiki/La_Goulue" title="La Goulue">La Goulue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Avril" title="Jane Avril">Jane Avril</a> emerged, who were highly paid for their appearances at the <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most prominent male can-can dancer of the time was <a href="/wiki/Valentin_le_d%C3%A9soss%C3%A9" title="Valentin le désossé">Valentin le Désossé</a> (Valentin the Boneless), a frequent partner of La Goulue. The professional dancers of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fin_de_si%C3%A8cle" title="Fin de siècle">fin de siècle</a> developed the can-can moves that were later incorporated by the choreographer <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sandrini" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Sandrini">Pierre Sandrini</a> in the spectacular "French Cancan", which he devised at the Moulin Rouge in the 1920s and presented at his own <a href="/wiki/Bal_Tabarin_(Paris)" title="Bal Tabarin (Paris)">Bal Tabarin</a> from 1928. This was a combination of the individual style of the Parisian dance-halls and the chorus-line style of British and American music halls.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_France">Outside France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Can-can&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Outside France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outside France, the can-can achieved popularity in music halls, where it was danced by groups of women in choreographed routines. This style was imported back into France in the 1920s for the benefit of tourists,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the "French Cancan" was born—a highly choreographed routine lasting ten minutes or more, with the opportunity for individuals to display their "specialities". The main moves are the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet#Battement" title="Glossary of ballet">high kick</a> or <a href="/wiki/Battement" title="Battement">battement</a>, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet#Rond_de_jambe" title="Glossary of ballet">rond de jambe</a></i></span> (quick rotary movement of lower leg with knee raised and skirt held up), the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">port d'armes</i></span> (turning on one leg, while grasping the other leg by the ankle and holding it almost vertically), the <a href="/wiki/Cartwheel_(gymnastics)" title="Cartwheel (gymnastics)">cartwheel</a> and the grand écart (the flying or jump splits). It has become common practice for dancers to scream and yelp while performing the can-can. </p><p>The can-can was introduced in America on 23 December 1867 by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppina_Morlacchi" title="Giuseppina Morlacchi">Giuseppina Morlacchi</a>, dancing as a part of <i>The Devil's Auction</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Comique_(Boston)" title="Theatre Comique (Boston)">Theatre Comique</a> in Boston. It was billed as "Grand Gallop Can-Can, composed and danced by Mlles. Morlacchi, Blasina, Diani, Ricci, Baretta ... accompanied with cymbals and triangles by the <a href="/wiki/Ballet_dancer#Hierarchic_titles" title="Ballet dancer">coryphees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corps_de_ballet" title="Corps de ballet">corps de ballet</a>." The new dance received an enthusiastic reception. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%27lls._Morlacci_and_Baretta_dancing_the_Can_Can_Dance_(Boston_Public_Library).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="M'lls. Morlacci and Baretta dancing the can-can Dance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/M%27lls._Morlacci_and_Baretta_dancing_the_Can_Can_Dance_%28Boston_Public_Library%29.jpg/170px-M%27lls._Morlacci_and_Baretta_dancing_the_Can_Can_Dance_%28Boston_Public_Library%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/M%27lls._Morlacci_and_Baretta_dancing_the_Can_Can_Dance_%28Boston_Public_Library%29.jpg/255px-M%27lls._Morlacci_and_Baretta_dancing_the_Can_Can_Dance_%28Boston_Public_Library%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/M%27lls._Morlacci_and_Baretta_dancing_the_Can_Can_Dance_%28Boston_Public_Library%29.jpg/340px-M%27lls._Morlacci_and_Baretta_dancing_the_Can_Can_Dance_%28Boston_Public_Library%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Giuseppina Morlacchi introduced the can-can to American audiences in 1867.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 1890s the can-can was out of style in New York dance halls, having been replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Hoochie_coochie" title="Hoochie coochie">hoochie coochie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm/220px--Can_Can_Girls.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="19" data-mwtitle="Can_Can_Girls.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Can_Can_Girls.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm/Can_Can_Girls.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm/Can_Can_Girls.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm/Can_Can_Girls.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm/Can_Can_Girls.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm/Can_Can_Girls.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Can_Can_Girls.webm/Can_Can_Girls.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Can-can girls participate in Golden Days Parade, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1986</figcaption></figure> <p>The can-can became popular in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yukon,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukon, Canada">Yukon, Canada</a>, where theatrical performances feature can-can dancers to the present day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cancan_en_l%27air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cancan_en_l%27air.jpg/170px-Cancan_en_l%27air.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cancan_en_l%27air.jpg/255px-Cancan_en_l%27air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cancan_en_l%27air.jpg/340px-Cancan_en_l%27air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Dancer performing a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pied en l'air</i></span></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_arts">In other arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Can-can&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In other arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HenriDeToulouse-Lautrec-AtTheMoulinRouge-TheDance-1889-90-VR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HenriDeToulouse-Lautrec-AtTheMoulinRouge-TheDance-1889-90-VR.jpg/220px-HenriDeToulouse-Lautrec-AtTheMoulinRouge-TheDance-1889-90-VR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HenriDeToulouse-Lautrec-AtTheMoulinRouge-TheDance-1889-90-VR.jpg/330px-HenriDeToulouse-Lautrec-AtTheMoulinRouge-TheDance-1889-90-VR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/HenriDeToulouse-Lautrec-AtTheMoulinRouge-TheDance-1889-90-VR.jpg/440px-HenriDeToulouse-Lautrec-AtTheMoulinRouge-TheDance-1889-90-VR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>The Moulin Rouge featured in a Toulouse-Lautrec painting</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CanCanDollsIASW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CanCanDollsIASW.png/220px-CanCanDollsIASW.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CanCanDollsIASW.png/330px-CanCanDollsIASW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CanCanDollsIASW.png/440px-CanCanDollsIASW.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption>Can-can doll in the <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> version of <a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Small_World" title="It's a Small World">It's a Small World</a></figcaption></figure><p>Many composers have written music for the can-can. The most famous is French composer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a>'s <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Galop Infernal</i></span> in his operetta <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Orphée aux Enfers</i></span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_in_the_Underworld" title="Orpheus in the Underworld">Orpheus in the Underworld</a></i>) (1858).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Galop" title="Galop">galop</a> is actually another sort of dance. Other examples occur in <a href="/wiki/Franz_Leh%C3%A1r" title="Franz Lehár">Franz Lehár</a>'s operetta <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Widow" title="The Merry Widow">The Merry Widow</a></i> (1905) and <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>'s musical play <i><a href="/wiki/Can-Can_(musical)" title="Can-Can (musical)">Can-Can</a></i> (1954), which formed the basis for the 1960 musical film <i><a href="/wiki/Can-Can_(film)" title="Can-Can (film)">Can-Can</a></i> starring Frank Sinatra and Shirley MacLaine. Some other songs that have become associated with the can-can include Aram <a href="/wiki/Aram_Khachaturian" title="Aram Khachaturian">Khachaturian's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Sabre_Dance" title="Sabre Dance">Sabre Dance</a>" from his ballet <i>Gayane</i> (1938) and the <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> standard "<a href="/wiki/Ta-ra-ra_Boom-de-ay" title="Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay">Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay</a>". In 1955 <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/French_Cancan" title="French Cancan">French Cancan</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a> as the director of a music hall which features the can-can, was released. </p><p>The can-can has often appeared in <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, such as Léonide Massine's <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Boutique_fantasque" title="La Boutique fantasque">La Boutique fantasque</a></i></span> (1919) and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%AEt%C3%A9_Parisienne" title="Gaîté Parisienne">Gaîté Parisienne</a></i></span> (1938),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Widow_(ballet)" title="The Merry Widow (ballet)">The Merry Widow</a></i>. Another example is the climax of Jean Renoir's film <i><a href="/wiki/French_Cancan" title="French Cancan">French Cancan</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A well-known can-can occurs at the finale of the "<a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Hours" title="Dance of the Hours">Dance of the Hours</a>" from the opera <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i></span> by Amilcare Ponchielli. </p><p>French painter <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a> produced several paintings and a large number of posters of can-can dancers. Other painters of the can-can included <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Rouault" title="Georges Rouault">Georges Rouault</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The can-can has appeared in numerous film and TV productions. The can-can featured prominently in <a href="/wiki/Baz_Luhrmann" title="Baz Luhrmann">Baz Luhrmann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge!" title="Moulin Rouge!">Moulin Rouge!</a>. The 2009 <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Fairy_Tail" title="Fairy Tail">Fairy Tail</a></i> featured the music as one of its themes, while a promotional advertisement for <i><a href="/wiki/Foster%27s_Home_for_Imaginary_Friends" title="Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends">Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends</a></i> featured one of its lead characters, Coco, performing the dance before destroying the set around her. </p><p>In all versions of the <a href="/wiki/Disney_Experiences" title="Disney Experiences">Disney Parks</a>'s boat ride <a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Small_World" title="It's a Small World">It's a Small World</a>, there are some can-can dolls that dancing near the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a> to represent the origin country of can-can, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Can-can&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadège Maruta, <i>L'Incroyable Histoire de Cancan: Rebelles et Insolentes, les Parisiennes Mênent la Danse</i> (Paris: Parigramme, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Franççpose Christout, "Can-can", in <i>International Encyclopedia of Dance</i>, edited by Selma Jeanne Cohen and others (New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1998), vol. 2, pp. 52–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Clarke, "Quadrille", in <i>The History of Dance</i> (New York: Crown, 1961).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis Henry Gribble, "The Origin of the Can-can" (1933), reprinted in <i>Dancing Times</i> (London), October 1953, pp. 28–29, 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Desrat, "Mazurier, Charles", in <i>Dictionnaire de la Danse Historique, Théorique, Pratique et Bibiographique, depuis l'Origine de la Danse jusqu'a Nos Jours</i> (1895), Classic Reprint (London: Forgotten Books, 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques Pessis and Jacques Crépineau, <i>The Moulin Rouge</i> (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Françoise Christout, "Can-Can", in <i>International Encyclopedia of Dance</i> (1998).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Renée Camus, "Cancan: Blurring the Line between Social Dance and Stage Performance", in <i>Proceedings</i> of the annual meeting of the Society of Dance History Scholars, Baltimore, Md., 2001/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Choubrac" title="Alfred Choubrac">Alfred Choubrac</a>, <i>Ambassadeurs: Quadrille des Clodoches</i> (Colombes: Atelier Choubrac, 1890).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Souvais, <i>Moi, La Goulue de Toulouse-Lautrec: Mémoires de Mon Aïeule</i> (Paris: Publibook, 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Avril, <i>Mes Mémoires</i> (Paris: Phebus, 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philippe Le Moal, ed., "Sandrini, Pierre", in <i>Dictionnaire de la Dansw</i> (Paris: Éditions Larousse, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert Ashbury, <i>The Gangs of New York</i> (New York: Knopf, 1929).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Earl of Harewood and Antony Peattie, eds. "Jacques Offenbach: Orphée aux Enfers", in <i>The New Kobbé's Opera Book</i>, 11th ed. (New York: G. P. Putnam's, 2000), p. 575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debra Crane and Judith Mackrell, "Can-can", in <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Dance</i> (Oxford University Press, 2000).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Criterion Collection, released by United Motion Pictures, 1955.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Price, <i>Cancan!</i> (London: Cygnus Arts, 1998).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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