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科学网—姓白,名英,俗称“白毛女”,草丛里的“红玛瑙”竟然是一味抗癌神药 - 郑永军的博文
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</h1> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 姓白,名英,俗称“白毛女”,草丛里的“红玛瑙”竟然是一味抗癌神药 </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 1025 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-20 11:21</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=437607&do=blog&classid=133539&view=me">好摄之图</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=437607&catid=7">科普集锦</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/104022cb9wtwd29vkxmg0y.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204470432.jpg"/></p><p></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:22px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 29px"><span style="font-family:黑体">《白英》</span><span style="font-family:宋体"> </span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">茄科小草攀枝生,茎藤长满白毛绒。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">聚伞花开结青果,白英深秋望冬红。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">中药圈里白毛女</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">清热解毒消肿痈</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">神农本草列上品,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">白毛</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">仙</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">姑</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;">抗瘤肿。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:22px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/104109piqnmilqlw7mfenj.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204476583.jpg"/> </span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; line-height: 42px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 24px; color: #0070C0;"><strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px;">白英:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: Tahoma; letter-spacing: 0px;">(Solanum lyratum Thunb.)</span><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;">为茄科草质藤本,叶互生,多数为琴形,聚伞花序顶生或腋外生,疏花,花期夏秋,果熟期秋末。因植株浑身布满白色绒毛,民间俗它称为“</span><strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px;">白毛女</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;">”。喜温暖湿润的环境,生于山谷草地或路旁、田边;国内外均有分布。白英的药用历史久远,最早见于</span><strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px;">《神农本草经》</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;">记载,被列为上品,是一味传统的中药材。全草皆可入药,具有清热利湿、解毒消肿之功效,用于治疗黄疸、水肿、淋病、胆囊炎、胆结石、风湿性关节炎等症。白英全草中含有多种生物碱,其中的β-苦茄碱证明有抗肿瘤作用,是著名的抗肿瘤中药材。<span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">以“</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px;">白英</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;">”、“</span><strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px;">白毛藤</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;">”等名字被收录进</span><strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px;">《中药大辞典》</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px;">等权威中医药工具书中。<span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 宋体;">特打油中药歌诀一首,以记之。 </span></span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/125233zcg7zzitsikzg6g6.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204483876.jpg"/> </span></p><p style="text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;font-size: 29px">《全国中草药汇编》:白英</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【拼音名】</span></strong><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">B</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">á</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">i Y</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">ī</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">n</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">ɡ</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【别名】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">白毛藤、白草、毛千里光、毛风藤、排风藤、毛秀才、葫芦草、金线绿毛龟、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">望冬红</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【来源】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">本品为茄科茄属植物白英</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Solanum lyratum Thunb. [S. dulcamara L. var. lyratum </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">(</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Thunb.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">)</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> Sieb. et Zucc.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> S. Dulcamara L. var. pubescens Blume</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">,</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> S.Dulcamara L. var. chinense Dunal]</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">,以全草或根入药。夏秋采收。洗净,晒干或鲜用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【性味】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">苦,微寒。有小毒。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【归经】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">入肝、胃经。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【功能主治】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">清热解毒,利湿消肿,抗癌。全草:用于感冒发热,乳痈、恶疮,湿热黄疸、腹水,白带,肾炎水肿;外用治痈疖肿毒。根:风湿痹痛。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【用法用量】</span></strong><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">0.5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">~</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">两;外用适量,鲜全草捣烂敷患处。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【备注】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">用治感冒发热、乳痈等,可配合蒲公英、银花、一见喜等药同用。治疗湿热黄疸或腹水肿痛、小便不利者,可配合金钱草、茵陈等药同用,使水湿之邪从小便排泄。用于风湿痹痛,可与秦艽、枪活、独活等药同用。本品配伍蛇莓、龙葵、白花蛇舌草等药,用于肺癌以及胃肠道癌肿等症。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">——摘录《全国中草药汇编》</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/104200f5qj25pgw75tjqn4.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204480141.jpg"/></p><p></p><p style="text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;font-size: 29px">《中药大辞典》:白毛藤</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拼音注音</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> </span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Bái Máo Ténɡ</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">别名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">苻(《尔雅》),蜀羊泉、谷菜(《本经》),鬼目草(《尔雅》郭璞注),白草(《别录》),排风、白幕(《本草拾遗》),鬼目菜(《吴志》),天灯笼、和尚头草(《纲目拾遗》),望冬红、酸尖菜(《植物名实图考》),排风藤(《分类草药性》),土防风、耳坠菜(《贵州民间方药集》),金线绿毛龟草、葫芦草(《福建民间草药》),毛风藤(《江西民间草药》),毛老人(《江西中药》),红道士、毛和尚(《浙江民间草药》),野猫耳朵(《四川中药志》),胡毛藤、羊仔耳、生毛梢、龙毛龟、毛燕仔、红麦禾(《闽东本草》)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出处</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出自<span style="font-family:宋体">《百草镜》。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">来源</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">为茄科植物白英的全草。一般于</span>5~6月或9~11月间割取全草,洗净晒干。</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">生境分布</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> <span style="font-family:宋体">野生于路边、山野或灌木丛中。全国大部分地区均有分布。主产江苏、浙江。安徽等地。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">原形态</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">多年生蔓性半灌木。茎长达</span>5米,基部木质化,上部草质,具细毛。叶互生;上部的叶多作戟状3裂或羽状多裂;下部的叶长方形或卵状长方形,基部心脏形,先端尖,全缘,长4~9厘米,阔2~5厘米,上面鲜绿色,下面较淡,两面均有细毛散生,沿叶脉较密;叶柄长2~3.5厘米,有细毛。聚伞花序生于枝顶或侧生与叶对生;枝梗、花柄及花均密被长柔毛,花柄细长;花萼漏斗形,萼片5,卵形;花冠白色,裂片5,自基部向下反折,长5~6毫米,卵状或长方状披针形,顶端尖;雄蕊5,着生于花冠筒口,花丝短而扁。基部合生;雌蕊1,子房卵形,花柱细长,柱头半球形。浆果卵形成球形,初绿色,后变红色至黑色,直径6~10毫米。种子白色,扁圆。花期9~10月。果期11月。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">性状</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">干燥的茎,类圆柱形,直径约</span>2~7毫米,外表黄绿色至暗棕色,密被灰白色的毛茸,在较粗的茎上,毛茸极少或无,具纵皱纹,且有光泽;质硬而脆,断面淡绿色,纤维性,中央形成空洞。叶皱缩卷曲,密被毛茸,叶柄长约1~2厘米。有的带有淡黄色至暗红色的果实。以干燥、肥嫩、叶绿、无子、无杂草者为佳。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">化学成分</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">白英全草含生物碱,千年不烂心茎中含甾体生物碱,有西红柿烯胺、澳洲茄胺和蜀羊泉碱等。叶中还有含量较多的</span><span style="font-family:宋体">α苦茄碱和β-苦茄碱、较少的澳洲茄碱以及痕量的澳洲茄边碱。这些生物碱中主要的是蜀羊泉碱或西红柿烯胺;β-苦茄碱有抗小白鼠肉瘤-180的作用。另据报道,叶中分离到一个甾体生物碱糖甙,水解后除得到西红柿烯胺外,还有它的脱氢化合物西红柿-3,5-二烯胺和小量的雅姆皂甙元。叶中又含维生索C149.4~173.2毫克%。花序中含较多的甾体皂甙,主要是替告皂甙元和雅姆皂甙元,两者均有抗真菌的作用。此外,该植物的地上部分中,还发现有α-,β-和γ-蜀羊泉胺、γ-苦茄碱、替告皂甙元。根中含15α-羟基蜀羊泉碱、15α-羟基澳洲茄胺、15α-羟基番茄胺和15α-羟基番茄烯胺。千年不烂心果实的成分详"苦茄"条。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">药理作用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">抗肿瘤作用</span>:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">蜀羊泉和红枣以</span>1:1混合制成煎剂、糖浆剂对小白鼠艾利虚腹水癌及梭形细胞肉窟的实体型及腹水型有抑制作用,临床上对子宫颈癌有效,但重复率低,进一步用相当生药40,80,120克/公斤/天的煎剂及小剂量递增的给药方法,均无明显抗小鼠梭形细胞肉窟实体型、艾氏腹水癌实体型及肉瘤180的作用,但醇提取物对小鼠肉瘸180则有抑制作用,其有效成分为β-苦茄碱。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">性味</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">甘苦,寒。</span><span style="font-family:宋体">①《本经》:"味苦,微寒。"②《别录》:"无毒。"③《福建民间草药》:"微苦涩,平。"</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">注意</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《闽东本草》:</span>"体虚无湿热者忌用。"</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">功能主治</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">清</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">热,利湿,祛风,解毒。治疟疾,黄疸,水肿,淋病,风湿关节痛,丹毒,疔疮。</span><span style="font-family:宋体">①《本经》:"主头秃恶疮热气,疥瘙痂癣虫。"②陶弘景:"叶作羹饮,甚疗劳。"③《本草拾遗》:"主烦热,风疹,丹毒,疟瘴,寒热,小儿结热。"④《开宝本草》:"别本注,茎叶煮粥极解热毒。"⑤《百草镜》:"除骨节风湿痛。"⑥王安卿《采药志》:"活血追风生血,治鬼箭有效。"⑦《纲目拾遗》:"止血淋,疟,疝气。汁滴耳中,止脓不干。治疬癖,用煮牛肉精者食之。"清湿热,治黄疸水肿,小儿蛔结腹痛。"⑧《植物名实图考》:"治腰痛。"⑨《分类草药性》:"治惊风,咳嗽。"⑩《药材学》:"清热解毒。治恶疮,漆疮。"</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">用法用量</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> <span style="font-family:黑体">内服:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">煎汤,</span>5~8钱(鲜者1~2两);或浸酒。<strong><span style="color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 21px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;">外用:</span></strong>煎水洗、捣敷或捣汁涂。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">复方</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">①治黄疸初起:白毛藤、神仙对坐草、大茵陈、三白草、车前草各等分。白酒煎服。(《百草镜》)②治肝硬化初期:鲜白英一至三两,水煎服。(《福建中草药》)③治风痛:桑黄二两,白毛藤二两。切碎,用绍兴原坛酒六斤,煎三炷香。每日服一饭碗。(《杨春涯经验方》)④治风湿关节痛:排风藤一两,忍冬一两,五加皮一两。好酒一斤泡服。(《贵阳民间药草》)⑤治妇女白带:白毛藤煎汁,烧小公鸡或桂圆,连汁食。(《浙江民间草药》)⑥治小儿肝热:鲜白英五钱,水煎服。(《福建中草药》)⑦治风火赤眼:白英鲜叶捣烂,调入乳外敷眼险。(《福建中草药》)⑧治疗疮肿毒:鲜白毛藤全草四两,炖服。另以鲜叶捣烂敷患处。(《闽东本草》)⑨治疥疮:白毛藤全草一两至一两五钱(干的八钱至一两二钱)。和肥猪肉六两,酌加水煎,分两次吃下。(《福建民间草药》)</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">临床应用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">治疗急性黄疸型肝炎</span>:取白英全草制成100%注射液,肌肉注射。2岁以下每次2毫升,每日2次;4~12岁每次4毫升,每日2~3次;12岁以上每次4毫升,每日3~4次。治疗31例,痊愈(自觉症状和阳性体征消失,尿三胆试验与肝功能恢复正常)23例,好转(自觉症状改善,尿三胆正常,肝功能好转者)8例。临床观察到,白英注射液对退黄、改善症状和降低转氨酶均有较好疗效,但对降低麝浊、锌浊及脑絮效果较差。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">备注</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">同属植物千年不烂心的全草,亦同等使用。植物形态详</span>"苦茄"条。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘录</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">《中药大辞典》</span></span></p><p style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 42px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 0em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> <img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/125327b5xlveqallqvnlk5.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204474081.jpg"/></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:22px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 29px">《中华本草》:白毛藤</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拼音注音</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Bái Máo Ténɡ</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">别名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">苻、彀菜、鬼目草、白草、白幕、排风、排风草、天灯笼、和尚头草、望冬红、酸尖菜、排风藤、土防风、耳坠风、金线绿毛龟草、葫芦草、毛见藤、毛老人、红道士、毛和尚、野猫耳朵、胡毛藤、羊仔耳、生毛稍、龙毛龟、毛燕仔、红麦禾、蜀羊泉、毛相公、望风藤、毛千里光、毛秀才、鹰咬豆子、毛道士、毛葫芦、葫芦藤。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">英文名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Bittersweet Herb</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出处</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">出自:</span>1.《百草镜》。2.《尔雅》郭璞注:今江东有鬼目草,茎似葛,叶员而毛,子如耳珰也,赤色丛生。3.《别录》:白英、生益州山谷。春采叶,夏采茎,秋采花、冬采根。4.《唐本草》:白英,鬼目草也,蔓生,叶似王瓜,小长而五桠,实圆若龙葵子,生青熟紫黑,东人谓之白草。5.《纲目》:白英,俗名排风子是也。正月生苗,白色,可食;秋开小白花,子如龙葵子,熟时紫赤色。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">来源</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">药材基源:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">为茄科植物白英的全草。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拉丁植物动物矿物名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Solanum lyratum Thunb.[S.dulcamara L.var .Lyratum (Thunb.) Sieb. Et Zucc.]</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">采收和储藏</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">夏、秋季采收全草,鲜用或晒干。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">生境分布</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">生态环境:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">生于海拔</span>200-2800m阴湿的路边、山坡、竹林下及灌木丛中。资源分布:分布于华东、中南、西南及山西、陕西、甘肃、台湾等地。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">原形态</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">多年生蔓生草本,高达</span>5m。基部木质化,上部草质,茎、叶和叶柄密被具节的长柔毛。叶互生;叶柄长1-3cm;叶片多戟形或琴形,长3-8cm,宽1.5-4cm,先端渐尖,基部心形,上部全缘或波状,下部常有1-2对耳状或戟状裂片,少数为全缘,中脉明显。聚伞花序顶生或腋外侧生;花萼5浅裂,宿存;花冠蓝紫色或白色,5深裂,裂片自基部向下反折;雄蕊5,花丝极短,花药顶孔开裂;雌蕊1,花柱细长,柱头小,头状,子房卵形,2室。浆果球形,径约1cm,熟时红色。种子近盘状,扁平。花期7-9月,果期10-11月。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">栽培</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">生物学特性</span> </span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">喜湿暖湿润气候,耐阴湿。适宜砂质壤土及粘壤土栽培。</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">栽培技术</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"> <span style="font-family:宋体">用种子及分根繁殖。种子繁殖:北方地区春季播种,</span>4-5月条播,行距40cm,保持土壤湿润,约2星期左右出苗,苗出齐后间苗,株距15-20cm。分根繁殖;宜春、秋进行。当苗高20cm左右时,要搭架缚藤,以利生长。病虫害防治 虫害有红蜘蛛为害。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">性状</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】1.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">性状鉴别</span> </span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">茎圆柱形,有分枝,长短不等,长可达</span>1.2m,直径2-7mm。表面黄绿色至棕绿色,密被灰白色柔毛,粗茎通常毛较少或无毛。叶互生,叶片皱缩卷曲,暗绿色,展平后戟形或琴形,被毛茸;叶柄长1-3cm。有时附黄绿色,或暗红色的果实。茎质硬而脆,断面纤维生,髓部白色或中空;中质脆易碎。气微,味苦。以茎粗壮、叶绿、无果者为佳。2.</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">显微鉴别</span>:<span style="font-family:黑体">茎横切面:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">表皮外侧附腺毛和非腺毛。皮层较厚。中柱鞘纤维断续排列成环。维管束双韧型,韧皮部狭窄。髓部有的细胞含砂晶。</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">叶表面观:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">上表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲,密被腺毛和非,柄</span>1-5细胞,有的细胞缢缩;非腺毛4-6细胞,顶端稍钝;气孔不定式,副卫细胞3-6个。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">化学成分</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">茎含甾体糖甙(</span>steroidal glycoside)SL-a(又名SL-0)、SL-b(又名SL-1)、SL-c、SL-d[1,2]。它们都是混合物。SL-a含有4个成分,系(5α,25β)-呋甾烷-3,22,26-三醇[(5α,25β)-furostan-3,22,26-triol]的、(5α,25α)-呋甾烷-3,22,26-三醇[(5α,25α)-furostan-3,22,26-triol]的、(25β)-呋甾-5-烯-3,22,26-三醇[(25α)-furost-5-en-3,22,26-triol]的3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙[3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glu-copyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside-26-O-β-D-glucopyrano-side]组成的[1]。SL-b也含有4个成分,系规告皂甙元(tihohe-nin)的、新替告皂甙元(neotigogenin)的、薯蓣皂甙元(diosgenin)的和雅姆皂甙元(yamogenin)的3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙[3-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside]组成的[1]。SL-c含2个成分,系(25ζ)-茄甾-3β,23β-二醇[(25ζ)-solanidan-3β,23β-diol]的和(25ζ)茄甾-5-烯-3β,23β-diol]的3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙[3-O-β-D-glucopyanosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-galactopyra-noside]组成的[2]。SL-d也含有2个成分,系(25ζ)-茄甾-3β,23β-二醇的和(25ζ)-茄甾-5-烯-3β,23β-二醇的3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)[β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">药理作用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">1.抗肿瘤作用:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">蜀羊泉(千年不烂心</span>Solanum dulcamara L.的全草)和红枣以1:1混合制成煎剂、糖浆剂对小白鼠艾利虚腹水癌及梭形细胞肉瘤的实体型及腹水型有抑制作用,临床上对子宫颈癌有效,但重复率低,进一步用相当生药40,80,120g/kg/天的煎剂及小剂量递增的给药方法,均无明显抗小鼠梭形细胞肉瘤实体型、艾氏腹水癌实体型及肉瘤180的作用,但醇提取物对小鼠肉瘤180则有抑制作用,其有效成分为β-苦茄碱。</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">2.对机体防御机能的影响:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据溶血素及血清蛋白含量的测定,蜀羊泉及红枣对促进机体的抗体形成,以及蛋白(尤其是</span><span style="font-family:宋体">γ-球蛋白)的合成有一定作用,可以增强机体非特异性的免疫生物学反应。</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">3.其他作用:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">蜀羊泉碱均有某些抗真菌作用,但不及番茄碱。其中所含之龙葵碱的作用见</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“龙葵”条。蜀羊泉有制欲作用。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">归经</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">归肝;胆;肾经</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">性味</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">味甘;苦;性寒;小毒</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">注意</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">《闽东本草》:体虚无湿热者忌用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">功能主治</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">清热利湿;解毒消肿。主湿热黄疸;胆囊炎;胆石症;肾炎水肿;风湿关节痛;妇女湿热带下;小儿高热惊搐;痈肿瘰疬;湿疹瘙痒;带状疱疹</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">用法用量</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">内服:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">煎汤,</span>15-30g,鲜者30-60g;或浸酒。</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">外用:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">适量,煎水洗、捣敷涂。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">各家论述</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">1.《本经》:主头秃恶疮热气,疥瘙茄癣虫。2.陶弘景:叶作羹饮,甚疗劳。3.《本草拾遗》:主烦热,风疹,丹毒,疟瘴,寒热,小儿结热。4.《开宝本草》:别本注,茎叶煮粥极解热毒。5.《百草镜》:除骨节风湿痛。6.王安卿《采药志》:活血追风生血,治鬼箭有效。7.《纲目拾遗》:止血淋,疟,疝气。汁滴耳中,止脓不干。治疬cuan,用煮牛肉精者食之。清湿热,治黄疸水肿,小儿蛔结腹痛。8.《植物名实图考》:治腰痛。9.《分类草药性》:治惊风,咳嗽。10.《药材学》:清热解毒。治恶疮,漆疮。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘录</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">《中华本草》</span></span></p><p style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 42px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 0em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/110823dpx7tt9trzrhoxs7.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204490567.jpg"/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:22px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 29px">《中药大辞典》:白毛藤根</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 16px 0;text-indent: 28px;padding: 0;line-height: 42px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拼音注音</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Bái Máo Ténɡ Gēn</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出处</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《福建民间草药》</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">来源</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">为茄科植物白英的根。夏、秋采收。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">性味</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">①《四川中药志》:"性平,味苦辛,无毒。"②《重庆草药》:"味甘,性平微寒,无毒。"</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">功能主治</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">治风火牙痛,头痛,瘰疬,痈肿,痔漏。</span><span style="font-family:宋体">①《分类草药性》:"治瘰疬,崩带,风火牙痛。"②《重庆草药》:"治头痛,流涕。"</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">用法用量</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">内服:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">煎汤,</span>0.5~1两。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">复方</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">①治火牙虫牙痛:白毛藤根,地骨皮、枸骨根、龙胆草、白牛膝。炖内服。(《四川中药志》)②治痔疮、漏管:白毛藤根,鲜的一两至一两五钱,干的八钱至一两二钱。和猪大肠(洗净)一斤,清水同煎,饭前分两次吃下。(《福建民间草药》)③治乳痛:白毛藤根一两,酒,水各半煎服,取渣加酒糟调敷患处。(《贵阳民间药草》)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘录</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">《中药大辞典》</span></span></p><p style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 42px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 0em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/110841gy7in9n2tp5wqwf5.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204493655.jpg"/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:22px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 29px">《中华本草》:白毛藤根</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拼音注音</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Bái Máo Ténɡ Gēn</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">别名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">排风藤根</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">英文名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Root of Bittersweet</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出处</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出自《福建民间草药》。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">来源</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">药材基源:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">为茄科植物白英的根。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拉丁植物动物矿物名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Solanum lyratum Thunb.</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">采收和储藏</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">夏、秋季采挖,洗净,鲜用或晒干。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">原形态</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">多年生蔓生草本,高达</span>5m。基部木质化,上部草质,茎、叶和叶柄密被具节的长柔毛。叶互生;叶柄长1-3cm;叶片多戟形或琴形,长3-8cm,宽1.5-4cm,先端渐尖,基部心形,上部全缘或波状,下部常有1-2对耳状或戟状裂片,少数为全缘,中脉明显。聚伞花序顶生或腋外侧生;花萼5浅裂,宿存;花冠蓝紫色或白色,5深裂,裂片自基部向下反折;雄蕊5,花丝极短,花药顶孔开裂;雌蕊1,花柱细长,柱头小,头状,子房卵形,2室。浆果球形,径约1cm,熟时红色。种子近盘状,扁平。花期7-9月,果期10-11月。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">性味</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">味苦;辛;性平</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">功能主治</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">清热解毒;消肿止痛。主风炎牙痛;头痛;瘰疬;痔漏</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">用法用量</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">内服:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">煎汤,</span>15-30g。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">各家论述</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">1.《分类草药性》:治瘰疬,崩带,风火牙痛。2.《重庆草药》:治头痛,流涕。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘录</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">《中华本草》</span></span></p><p style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 42px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 0em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/110905ertlblzqlm4fbqt3.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204465710.jpg"/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:22px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 29px">《中药大辞典》:苦茄</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拼音注音</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Kǔ Qié</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出处</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《国药的药理学》</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">来源</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">为茄科植物千年不烂心的果实。秋季果实成熟时采收。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">生境分布</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">生长路边及山野草地。全国大部分地区均有分布。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">原形态</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">千年不烂心(《植物名实图考》)</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">多年生蔓生草本或亚灌木,长约</span>2.5米。幼茎具细毛或近无毛。叶互生,卵状椭圆形,长4~9厘米,宽2~5厘米,先端长尖,基部心形而下延,全缘,或基部2裂作戟形,两面均有细毛散生,沿脉较密;叶柄长2~3.5厘米,有细毛。聚伞花序顶生,或于枝端与叶对生,总花梗细长,长约3厘米,具稀细毛;小花柄长5~10毫米,无毛;萼漏斗形,萼片5,卵形;花冠紫色或白色,裂片5,向下反折,卵状或长方状披针形,顶端尖,基部有绿色点2,外面有细毛;雄蕊5,着生于花冠管口,花丝极短而扁,下部合生;雌蕊1,子房卵形,2室,花柱细长,柱头小,半球形。浆果卵形或球形,熟时红色。种子白色,扁圆,细小。花期7一9月。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">化学成分</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">未成熟果实含多种甾体生物碱,有</span><span style="font-family:宋体">α-、β-、γ1-、γ2-和δ-苦茄碱、澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱、蜀羊泉碱、西红柿烯胺、澳洲茄胺等。其中主要是西红柿烯胺或蜀羊泉碱,开始成熟时则以澳洲茄胺为主。这些生物碱的总量随着果实的长大而增加,当果实开始变红成熟时,含量开始减少,成熟后几乎全部消失。β-苦茄碱有抗小白鼠肉瘤-180的作用。其次,含替告皂甙元和雅姆皂甙元二者含量在未成熟的和成熟的果实中,基本一样,在成熟的果实中,含3,4-去氢西红柿-醛-16、西红柿黄质和白荚果红素等色素。此外,果实中还含还原糖31.55%、油0.9603~9.157%及少量的酒石酸、柠檬酸等。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">药理作用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">苦茄中所含生物碱的药理作用,参见</span>"龙葵"、"白毛藤"条。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">功能主治】</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《国药的药理学》:</span>"为利尿药,又为神经痛药及消肿药。"</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘录</span><span style="font-family:宋体">《中药大辞典》</span></span></p><p style="margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 42px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 0em; text-align: center;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/20/123153wu57bz0733rh0zmm.jpg" title="" alt="mmexport1731204511932.jpg"/></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center;line-height:22px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 29px">《中华本草》:苦茄</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拼音注音</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Kǔ Qié</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">别名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">千年不烂心、天泡草、毛和尚草、蜀羊泉、排风藤、毛秀才、白毛藤、六甲草、毛藤子</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">英文名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Fruit of Bitter Nightshade, Fruit of European Bittersweet</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">出处</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">出自《国药的药理学》。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">来源</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">药材基源:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">为茄科植物欧白英的全草。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">拉丁植物动物矿物名</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">Solanum dulcamara L.</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">采收和储藏</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">夏、秋季采收全草,鲜用或晒干。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">生境分布</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">生态环境:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">生长于林边坡地。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">资源分布</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">分布于四川、云南。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">原形态</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">多年生无刺草质藤本。无毛或被稀疏短柔毛。叶第生;叶柄长</span>1-2cm;叶片卵圆状椭圆形或提琴形,长3-7.5cm,宽1.5-4cm,先端渐尖,基部戟形,齿裂或3-5羽状深裂,中裂片较长,两面均疏被短柔毛。聚伞花序腋外生,多花;总花梗长约1.5cm;花梗长0.8-1cm;萼杯状,5裂,裂片三角形;花冠紫色或白色,5裂,裂片椭圆状披针形;雄蕊5,着生于花冠管口,花丝极短而扁;雌蕊1,子房卵形,2室,花柱纤细,丝状,柱头小,头状。浆果球状或卵状,直径6-8mm,成熟后红色;种子扁平,近卵形,直径1.5-2mm。花期夏季,果熟期秋季。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">化学成分</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">性状鉴别</span> </span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">茎圆柱形,长</span>1-1.2cm,直径2-7mm;外表黄绿或棕绿色,被稀疏短柔毛,质硬脆,易折断,断面纤维性,中上部常中空。叶互生,叶柄长1-2cm;叶片皱缩卷曲,展平后呈卵圆状椭圆形或提琴形,长3-7.5cm,宽1.5-4cm,齿裂或3-5羽状深裂或不裂,裂片有波状齿或浅裂,两面疏被短柔毛。果实黄绿色或暗红色,内藏多数种子。气微,味苦。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">药理作用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">苦茄中所含生物碱的药理作用,参见龙葵、白毛藤条。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">鉴别</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">以粗壮、叶绿者为佳。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">性味</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">味苦;辛;性寒</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">功能主治</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">驱风除湿;清热解毒。主风湿疼痛;破伤风;痈肿;恶疮;疥疮;外伤出血</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">用法用量</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:黑体">内服:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px"><span style="font-family:宋体">煎汤,</span>15-30g。</span><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">外用:</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">适量,鲜叶捣敷;或全草研末,撒敷。</span></p><p style="margin-top:16px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;line-height:42px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">【</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">各家论述</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 黑体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">】</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px">《国药的药理学》:为利尿药,又为神经痛药及消肿药。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">——</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #333333;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 21px;background: #FFFFFF"><span style="font-family:宋体">摘录</span><span style="font-family:宋体">《中华本草》</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img 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