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<li id="toc-Similarities_of_wage_work_with_slavery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similarities_of_wage_work_with_slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Similarities of wage work with slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similarities_of_wage_work_with_slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changes_in_the_use_of_the_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_in_the_use_of_the_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Changes in the use of the term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_in_the_use_of_the_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_in_various_economic_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_in_various_economic_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Treatment in various economic systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Treatment_in_various_economic_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Treatment in various economic systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Treatment_in_various_economic_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capitalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capitalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Capitalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capitalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fascism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fascism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fascism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fascism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Psychological effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Psychological_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Psychological effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Psychological_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Self-identity_problems_and_stress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-identity_problems_and_stress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Self-identity problems and stress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-identity_problems_and_stress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Psychological control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_wages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_wages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Higher wages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_wages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lower_wages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_wages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Lower wages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_wages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Workers'_self-management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workers'_self-management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Workers' self-management</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Workers'_self-management-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Workers' self-management subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Workers'_self-management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Labor_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Labor and government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labor_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_environmental_degradation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_environmental_degradation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Influence on environmental degradation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_environmental_degradation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment_contracts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment_contracts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Employment contracts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment_contracts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools_of_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_of_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Schools of economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_of_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wage slavery</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="عبودية الأجر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عبودية الأجر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esclavitud_del_salari" title="Esclavitud del salari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esclavitud del salari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Кĕрĕшев чуралăхĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕрĕшев чуралăхĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1mezdn%C3%AD_otroctv%C3%AD" title="Námezdní otroctví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Námezdní otroctví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohnsklaverei" title="Lohnsklaverei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lohnsklaverei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B8%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μισθωτή δουλεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μισθωτή δουλεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esclavitud_del_salario" title="Esclavitud del salario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esclavitud del salario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salajrosklaveco" title="Salajrosklaveco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salajrosklaveco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="برده‌داری مزدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برده‌داری مزدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esclavage_salari%C3%A9" title="Esclavage salarié – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esclavage salarié" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EA%B8%88%EB%85%B8%EC%98%88" title="임금노예 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="임금노예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վարձու ստրկություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարձու ստրկություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropstvo_kroz_pla%C4%87u" title="Ropstvo kroz plaću – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ropstvo kroz plaću" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perbudakan_upah" title="Perbudakan upah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perbudakan upah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servitus_salariaria" title="Servitus salariaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Servitus salariaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loonslaaf" title="Loonslaaf – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Loonslaaf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%83%E9%87%91%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B7" title="賃金奴隷 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="賃金奴隷" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8D_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="د مزدورۍ غلامي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د مزدورۍ غلامي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niewolnictwo_p%C5%82acowe" title="Niewolnictwo płacowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niewolnictwo płacowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escravid%C3%A3o_do_sal%C3%A1rio" title="Escravidão do salário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escravidão do salário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclavie_salarial%C4%83" title="Sclavie salarială – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sclavie salarială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Наёмное рабство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наёмное рабство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wage slavery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropstvo_kroz_pla%C4%87u" title="Ropstvo kroz plaću – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ropstvo kroz plaću" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palkkaorjuus" title="Palkkaorjuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palkkaorjuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6neslaveri" title="Löneslaveri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Löneslaveri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ccretli_k%C3%B6lelik" title="Ücretli kölelik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ücretli kölelik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Наймане рабство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наймане рабство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q650487#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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title="Businessperson">Businessperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">Capital accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">Capital markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">Competitive markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_surplus" title="Economic surplus">Economic surplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_capital" title="Fictitious capital">Fictitious capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Financial market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_price_system" title="Free price system">Free price system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">Goods and services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_hand_(economics)" title="Visible hand (economics)">Visible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalization" title="Liberalization">Liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_seeking" class="mw-redirect" title="Rent seeking">Rent seeking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">Supply and demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplus_value" title="Surplus value">Surplus value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic systems</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon capitalism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market#General_principles" title="Free market">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian capitalism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed capitalism">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National capitalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic capitalism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw capitalism">Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" title="Regulatory capitalism">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine capitalism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="State-sponsored capitalism">State-sponsored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">MMT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Keynesian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Keynesian economics">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_monetarism" title="Market monetarism">Market monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxian_economics" title="Marxian economics">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism_and_Islam" title="Capitalism and Islam">Capitalism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Revolution">Commercial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_commodity_production" title="Simple commodity production">Simple commodity production</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">Advanced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_capitalism" title="Community capitalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">Crony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_capitalism" title="Finance capitalism">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Global capitalism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Illiberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_capitalism" title="Merchant capitalism">Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_capitalism" title="Progressive capitalism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rentier_capitalism" title="Rentier capitalism">Rentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">State monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocapitalism" title="Technocapitalism">Technological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Malthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Walras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_propaganda" title="Capitalist propaganda">Capitalist propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_state" title="Capitalist state">Capitalist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_theory" title="Crisis theory">Crisis theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">Cronyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" title="Culture of capitalism">Culture of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreening" title="Evergreening">Evergreening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">Exploitation of labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalism" title="History of capitalism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" title="History of capitalist theory">History of theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodizations_of_capitalism" title="Periodizations of capitalism">Periodizations of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspectives on capitalism">Perspectives on capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">Venture philanthropy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_capitalism" title="Inclusive capitalism">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian capitalism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Capitalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatism" title="Privatism">Privatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalismlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/16px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fast_Food_Workers%27_Right_Demo_at_McDonald%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Fast_Food_Workers%27_Right_Demo_at_McDonald%27s.jpg/260px-Fast_Food_Workers%27_Right_Demo_at_McDonald%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Fast_Food_Workers%27_Right_Demo_at_McDonald%27s.jpg/390px-Fast_Food_Workers%27_Right_Demo_at_McDonald%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Fast_Food_Workers%27_Right_Demo_at_McDonald%27s.jpg/520px-Fast_Food_Workers%27_Right_Demo_at_McDonald%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Salary protest by the <a href="/wiki/Bakers,_Food_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="Bakers, Food and Allied Workers' Union">Bakers, Food and Allied Workers' Union</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in January 2016</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wage slavery</b> is a term used to criticize <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">exploitation of labor</a> by business, by keeping wages low or stagnant in order to maximize profits. The situation of wage slavery can be loosely defined as a person's dependence on <a href="/wiki/Wages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wages">wages</a> (or a <a href="/wiki/Salary" title="Salary">salary</a>) for their <a href="/wiki/Livelihood" title="Livelihood">livelihood</a>, especially when wages are low, treatment and conditions are poor, and there are few chances of <a href="/wiki/Upward_mobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Upward mobility">upward mobility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-merriam-webster.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-webster.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is often used by critics of <a href="/wiki/Wage_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wage labor">wage-based employment</a> to criticize the exploitation of labor and <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">social stratification</a>, with the former seen primarily as unequal bargaining power between labor and capital, particularly when workers are paid comparatively low wages, such as in <a href="/wiki/Sweatshops" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweatshops">sweatshops</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the latter is described as a lack of <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a>, fulfilling job choices and leisure in an economy.<sup id="cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley.edu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globetrotter.berkeley.edu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spunk.org_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spunk.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The criticism of social stratification covers a wider range of employment choices bound by the pressures of a <a href="/wiki/Social_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social hierarchy">hierarchical</a> society to perform otherwise unfulfilling work that deprives humans of their "species character"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not only under threat of <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a>, but also of <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">social stigma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">status</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diminution" class="extiw" title="wikt:diminution">diminution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzhugh_1857_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzhugh_1857-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schalkenbach1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schalkenbach1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley.edu_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globetrotter.berkeley.edu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, many socialist organisations and activists have espoused workers' self-management or <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker cooperatives</a> as possible alternatives to wage labor.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarities between wage labor and slavery were noted as early as <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> in Ancient Rome, such as in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Officiis" title="De Officiis">De Officiis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cicero_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cicero-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> elaborated the comparison between wage labor and slavery, and engaged in <a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">critique of work</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marx_1863_c7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marx_1863_c7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Luddite" title="Luddite">Luddites</a> emphasized the <a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">dehumanization</a> brought about by machines. The introduction of wage labor in 18th-century Britain was met with resistance, giving rise to the principles of <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">syndicalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._599_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Working_Class_p._599-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._912_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Working_Class_p._912-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shop_Floor_p._37_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shop_Floor_p._37-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Southern defenders of keeping <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> invoked the concept of wage slavery to favourably compare the condition of their slaves to workers in the North.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States abolished most forms of slavery after the Civil War, but labor union activists found the metaphor useful – according to historian <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_B._Glickman" title="Lawrence B. Glickman">Lawrence Glickman</a>, in the 1870s through the 1890s "[r]eferences abounded in the labor press, and it is hard to find a speech by a labor leader without the phrase".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Emma_Goldman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Portrait_Emma_Goldman.jpg/170px-Portrait_Emma_Goldman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Portrait_Emma_Goldman.jpg/255px-Portrait_Emma_Goldman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Portrait_Emma_Goldman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a> denounced wage slavery by saying: "The only difference is that you are hired slaves instead of block slaves".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The view that working for wages is akin to slavery dates back to the ancient world.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ancient Rome, <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> wrote that "the very wage [wage labourers] receive is a pledge of their slavery".<sup id="cite_ref-Cicero_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cicero-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1763, the French journalist <a href="/wiki/Simon-Nicholas_Henri_Linguet" title="Simon-Nicholas Henri Linguet">Simon Linguet</a> published an influential description of wage slavery:<sup id="cite_ref-Marx_1863_c7_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marx_1863_c7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The slave was precious to his master because of the money he had cost him ... They were worth at least as much as they could be sold for in the market ... It is the impossibility of living by any other means that compels our farm labourers to till the soil whose fruits they will not eat and our masons to construct buildings in which they will not live ... It is want that compels them to go down on their knees to the rich man in order to get from him permission to enrich him ... what effective gain [has] the suppression of slavery brought [him ?] He is free, you say. Ah! That is his misfortune ... These men ... [have] the most terrible, the most imperious of masters, that is, need. ... They must therefore find someone to hire them, or die of hunger. Is that to be free?</p></blockquote> <p>The view that wage work has substantial similarities with <a href="/wiki/Chattel_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattel slavery">chattel slavery</a> was actively put forward in the late 18th and 19th centuries by defenders of chattel slavery (most notably in the Southern states of the United States) and by opponents of capitalism (who were also critics of chattel slavery).<sup id="cite_ref-schalkenbach1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schalkenbach1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some defenders of slavery, mainly from the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Southern slave states</a>, argued that Northern workers were "free but in name – the slaves of endless toil" and that their slaves were better off.<sup id="cite_ref-urlThe_Hireling_and_the_Slave_–_Antislavery_Literature_Project_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlThe_Hireling_and_the_Slave_–_Antislavery_Literature_Project-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PBS_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contention has been partly corroborated by some modern studies that indicate slaves' material conditions in the 19th century were "better than what was typically available to free urban laborers at the time".<sup id="cite_ref-Margo_Steckel_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Margo_Steckel-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogel_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogel-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this period, <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> wrote that "[i]t is hard to have a Southern overseer; it is worse to have a Northern one; but worst of all when you are the slave-driver of yourself."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionists in the United States</a> criticized the analogy as spurious.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner_1998_p66_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner_1998_p66-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They argued that wage workers were "neither wronged nor oppressed".<sup id="cite_ref-Weininger_2002_p95_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weininger_2002_p95-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">Republicans</a> argued that the condition of wage workers was different from slavery as long as laborers were likely to develop the opportunity to work for themselves, achieving <a href="/wiki/Self-employment" title="Self-employment">self-employment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandel_181_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandel_181-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abolitionist and former slave <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> initially declared "now I am my own master", upon taking a paying job.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglass_95_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglass_95-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, later in life he concluded to the contrary, saying "experience demonstrates that there may be a slavery of wages only a little less galling and crushing in its effects than chattel slavery, and that this slavery of wages must go down with the other".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglass went on to speak about these conditions as arising from the unequal bargaining power between the ownership/capitalist class and the non-ownership/laborer class within a compulsory monetary market: </p><blockquote><p>No more crafty and effective devise for defrauding the southern laborers could be adopted than the one that substitutes orders upon shopkeepers for currency in payment of wages. It has the merit of a show of honesty, while it puts the laborer completely at the mercy of the land-owner and the shopkeeper.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CottonNegrosSouth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/CottonNegrosSouth.jpg/170px-CottonNegrosSouth.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/CottonNegrosSouth.jpg/255px-CottonNegrosSouth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/CottonNegrosSouth.jpg/340px-CottonNegrosSouth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> wage workers picking cotton on a plantation in the South</figcaption></figure><p> Self-employment became less common as the <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">artisan</a> tradition slowly disappeared in the later part of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1869, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> described the system of wage labor as "a system of slavery as absolute if not as degrading as that which lately prevailed at the South".<sup id="cite_ref-Sandel_181_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandel_181-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a> notes that for British workers at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, the "gap in status between a 'servant,' a hired wage-laborer subject to the orders and discipline of the master, and an artisan, who might 'come and go' as he pleased, was wide enough for men to shed blood rather than allow themselves to be pushed from one side to the other. And, in the value system of the community, those who resisted degradation were in the right".<sup id="cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._599_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Working_Class_p._599-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "Member of the Builders' Union" in the 1830s argued that the trade unions "will not only strike for less work, and more wages, but will ultimately abolish wages, become their own masters and work for each other; labor and capital will no longer be separate but will be indissolubly joined together in the hands of workmen and work-women".<sup id="cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._912_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Working_Class_p._912-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This perspective inspired the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Consolidated_Trades_Union" title="Grand National Consolidated Trades Union">Grand National Consolidated Trades Union</a> (UK) of 1834 which had the "two-fold purpose of syndicalist unions – the protection of the workers under the existing system and the formation of the nuclei of the future society" when the unions "take over the whole industry of the country".<sup id="cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Lazonick" title="William Lazonick">William Lazonick</a>, summarized:</p><blockquote><p>Research has shown, that the 'free-born Englishman' of the eighteenth century – even those who, by force of circumstance, had to submit to agricultural wage labour – tenaciously resisted entry into the capitalist workshop.<sup id="cite_ref-Shop_Floor_p._37_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shop_Floor_p._37-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The use of the term "wage slave" by labor organizations may originate from the labor protests of the <a href="/wiki/Lowell_mill_girls" title="Lowell mill girls">Lowell mill girls</a> in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The imagery of wage slavery was widely used by labor organizations during the mid-19th century to object to the lack of workers' self-management. However, it was gradually replaced by the more neutral term "wage work" towards the end of the 19th century as labor organizations shifted their focus to raising wages.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> described capitalist society as infringing on individual <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> because it is based on a materialistic and commodified concept of the body and its liberty (i.e. as something that is sold, rented, or <a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">alienated</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Class_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Class society">class society</a>). According to <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The slave is sold once and for all; the proletarian must sell himself daily and hourly. The individual slave, property of one master, is assured an existence, however miserable it may be, because of the master's interest. The individual proletarian, property as it were of the entire bourgeois class which buys his labor only when someone has need of it, has no secure existence.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similarities_of_wage_work_with_slavery">Similarities of wage work with slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Similarities of wage work with slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Slavery" title="Category:Slavery">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Shackles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png/125px-IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png/188px-IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png/250px-IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="272" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_21st_century" title="Slavery in the 21st century">Contemporary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">Forced marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_buying" title="Bride buying">Bride buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_prostitution" title="Forced prostitution">Forced prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_servitude" title="Involuntary servitude">Involuntary servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">Peonage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_labour" title="Penal labour">Penal labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_contemporary_Africa" title="Slavery in contemporary Africa">Contemporary Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">Historical</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_antiquity" title="Slavery in antiquity">Antiquity</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Slavery in ancient Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_law#Three_classes" title="Babylonian law">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Rome" title="Slavery in ancient Rome">Rome</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe" title="Slavery in medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancillae" title="Ancillae">Ancillae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_slave_trade" title="Black Sea slave trade">Black Sea slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Slavery in the Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholop" title="Kholop">Kholop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_slave_trade" title="Prague slave trade">Prague slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serfs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_serfdom" title="History of serfdom">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom_in_Russia" title="Serfdom in Russia">In Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_reform_of_1861" title="Emancipation reform of 1861">Emancipation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">Thrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese_slave_trade" title="Genoese slave trade">Genoese slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_slave_trade" title="Venetian slave trade">Venetian slave trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_slave_trade" title="Balkan slave trade">Balkan slave trade</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of slavery in the Muslim world">Muslim world</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate">Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_al-Andalus" title="Slavery in al-Andalus">Slavery in al-Andalus</a> ‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqt" title="Baqt">Baqt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukataba" title="Mukataba">Contract of manumission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara_slave_trade" title="Bukhara slave trade">Bukhara slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean slave trade">Crimean slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_slave_trade" title="Khazar slave trade">Khazar slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_slave_trade" title="Khivan slave trade">Khivan slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Slavery in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avret_Pazarlar%C4%B1" title="Avret Pazarları">Avret Pazarları</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_on_the_Barbary_Coast" title="Slavery on the Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baltimore" title="Sack of Baltimore">Sack of Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raid_of_Su%C3%B0uroy" title="Slave raid of Suðuroy">Slave raid of Suðuroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Abductions" title="Turkish Abductions">Turkish Abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_concubinage" title="Islamic views on concubinage">Concubinage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_concubinage_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of concubinage in the Muslim world">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma malakat aymanukum">Ma malakat aymanukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avret_Pazarlar%C4%B1" title="Avret Pazarları">Avret Pazarları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_harem" title="Abbasid harem">Abbasid harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Imperial_Harem" title="Ottoman Imperial Harem">Ottoman Imperial Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_imperial_harem" title="Safavid imperial harem">Safavid imperial harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_harem" title="Qajar harem">Qajar harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarya" title="Jarya">Jarya</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cariye" title="Cariye">Cariye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odalisque" title="Odalisque">Odalisque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyan" title="Qiyan">Qiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-walad" title="Umm al-walad">Umm al-walad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Circassian slave trade">Circassian slave trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba">Saqaliba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate">Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate">Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate">Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgarian_slave_trade" title="Volga Bulgarian slave trade">Volga Bulgarian slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">21st century</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_slave_trade" title="Bristol slave trade">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade_to_Brazil" title="Atlantic slave trade to Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyages:_The_Trans-Atlantic_Slave_Trade_Database" title="Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage" title="Middle Passage">Middle Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes_slave_trade" title="Nantes slave trade">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyarring" title="Panyarring">Panyarring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_colonial_Spanish_America" title="Slavery in colonial Spanish America">Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Coast_of_West_Africa" title="Slave Coast of West Africa">Slave Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Thirteen colonies</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Topics and practice</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">Devshirme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">Blackbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">Corvée labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Field slaves in the United States">Field slaves in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_slave" title="House slave">House slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba">Saqaliba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_market" title="Slave market">Slave market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding" title="Slave raiding">Slave raiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_children_in_the_military" title="History of children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_slavery" title="White slavery">White slavery</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Naval</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galley_slave" title="Galley slave">Galley slave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">Impressment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghaiing" title="Shanghaiing">Shanghaiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">Slave ship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By country or region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_contemporary_Africa" title="Slavery in contemporary Africa">Contemporary Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_slave_trade" title="Red Sea slave trade">Red Sea slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanzibar slave trade">Zanzibar slave trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Angola" title="Slavery in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Chad" title="Human trafficking in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Comoros" title="Slavery in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Ethiopia" title="Slavery in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Mali" title="Slavery in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Mauritania" title="Slavery in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Niger" title="Slavery in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Nigeria" title="Slavery in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Seychelles" title="Slavery in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Somalia" title="Slavery in Somalia">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali slave trade">Somali slave trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Africa" title="Slavery in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Sudan" title="Slavery in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Zanzibar" title="Slavery in Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Americas">North and South America</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Pre-Columbian_America" title="Slavery in Pre-Columbian America">Pre-Columbian America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec slavery">Aztec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Americas indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">U.S. Natives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Field slaves in the United States">Field slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Female slavery in the United States">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_slavery_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary slavery in the United States">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">partus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_labor_in_the_United_States" title="Penal labor in the United States">prison labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_codes" title="Slave codes">Slave codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_the_enslaved_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of the enslaved in the United States">Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Slave trade in the United States">interregional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">Human trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Bahamas" title="Slavery in the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Canada" title="Slavery in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_Slave_Code" title="Barbados Slave Code">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Slavery in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Trinidad" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Latin_America" title="Slavery in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brazil" title="Slavery in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea">Lei Áurea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Colombia" title="Slavery in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Cuba" title="Slavery in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Haiti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restavek" title="Restavek">Restavek</a></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomienda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Asia" title="Slavery in Asia">East, Southeast, and South Asia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Human trafficking in Southeast Asia">Human trafficking in Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Bhutan" title="Slavery in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brunei" title="Slavery in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_China" title="Slavery in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booi_Aha" title="Booi Aha">Booi Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laogai" title="Laogai">Laogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">penal system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_India" title="Slavery in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage_in_India" title="Debt bondage in India">Debt bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukri_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Chukri System">Chukri System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Indonesia" title="Slavery in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Japan" title="Slavery in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Korea" title="Slavery in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwalliso" title="Kwalliso">Kwalliso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Malaysia" title="Slavery in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Mongol_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Mongol Empire">Slavery in the Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Thailand" title="Slavery in Thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_and_prostitution_in_South_Korea" title="United States military and prostitution in South Korea">Yankee princess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Vietnam" title="Slavery in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Oceania">Australia and Oceania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Australia" title="Slavery in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Australia" title="Human trafficking in Australia">Human trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">Blackbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding_in_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave raiding in Easter Island">Slave raiding in Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea">Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding_in_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackbirding in Polynesia">Blackbirding in Polynesia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Europe and North Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Europe" title="Sex trafficking in Europe">Sex trafficking in Europe</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_labour_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Penal labour in the United Kingdom">Penal Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Britain" title="Slavery in Britain">Slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_slave_trade" title="Danish slave trade">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Germany in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Malta" title="Slavery in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Poland" title="Slavery in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Portugal" title="Slavery in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Romania" title="Slavery in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Spain" title="Slavery in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_slave_trade" title="Swedish slave trade">Sweden</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>North Africa and West Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Afghanistan" title="Slavery in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Algeria" title="Slavery in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Bahrain" title="Slavery in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Egypt" title="Slavery in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human trafficking in the Middle East">Human trafficking in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iran" title="Slavery in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iraq" title="Slavery in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Jordan" title="Slavery in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Kuwait" title="Slavery in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Lebanon" title="Slavery in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Libya" title="Slavery in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Morocco" title="Slavery in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Oman" title="Slavery in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Slavery in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Syria" title="Slavery in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Tunisia" title="Slavery in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Qatar" title="Slavery in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Yemen" title="Slavery in Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_and_religion" title="Slavery and religion">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_slavery" title="The Bible and slavery">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_slavery" title="Christian views on slavery">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_slavery" title="Catholic Church and slavery">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_slavery" title="Mormonism and slavery">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_slavery" title="Jewish views on slavery">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Baháʼí Faith and slavery">Baháʼí Faith</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Opposition and resistance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Anti-Slavery_Conference_1889%E2%80%9390" title="Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90">Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Slavery_Commission" title="Temporary Slavery Commission">Temporary Slavery Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Slavery_Convention" title="1926 Slavery Convention">1926 Slavery Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Experts_on_Slavery" title="Committee of Experts on Slavery">Committee of Experts on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_of_Experts_on_Slavery" title="Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery">Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Hoc_Committee_on_Slavery" title="Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery">Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_Convention_on_the_Abolition_of_Slavery" title="Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery">Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolitionists" title="List of abolitionists">Abolitionists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Slave_Trade_Convention" title="Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention">Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavery_International" title="Anti-Slavery International">Anti-Slavery International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Africa" title="Blockade of Africa">Blockade of Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Squadron" title="West Africa Squadron">U.K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Slave_Trade_Patrol" title="African Slave Trade Patrol">U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society">Colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensated_emancipation" title="Compensated emancipation">Compensated emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">Freedman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manumission" title="Manumission">Manumission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_suit" title="Freedom suit">Freedom suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Underground_Railroad" title="Songs of the Underground Railroad">songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_rebellion" title="Slave rebellion">Slave rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act" title="Slave Trade Act">Slave Trade Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_international_law" title="Slavery in international law">International law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">Third Servile War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment to the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom" title="Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom">Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abolition_of_slave_trade_in_Persian_gulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf (page does not exist)">Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" class="extiw" title="fa:ممنوعیت تجارت برده در خلیج فارس">fa</a>]</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_at_common_law" title="Slavery at common law">Common law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">Indentured servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">Fugitive slaves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slave laws in the United States">laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Convention" title="Fugitive Slave Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slaves" title="List of slaves">List of slaves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slave_owners" title="List of slave owners">owners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_survivors_of_American_slavery" title="List of last survivors of American slavery">last survivors of American slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slavery-related_memorials_and_museums" title="List of slavery-related memorials and museums">List of slavery-related memorials and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_marriages_in_the_United_States" title="Slave marriages in the United States">Slave marriages in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_narrative" title="Slave narrative">Slave narrative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Songs_of_the_United_States" title="Slave Songs of the United States">songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_catcher" title="Slave catcher">Slave catcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_patrol" title="Slave patrol">Slave patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Slave_Route_Project" title="The Slave Route Project">Slave Route Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slave_breeding_in_the_United_States" title="Slave breeding in the United States">breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_in_the_United_States_involving_slavery" title="List of court cases in the United States involving slavery">court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery" title="Thomas Jefferson and slavery">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_and_abolitionism" title="John Quincy Adams and abolitionism">J.Q. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery" title="Abraham Lincoln and slavery">Lincoln</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule" title="Forty acres and a mule">40 acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_iron_bit" title="Slave iron bit">Iron bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forced_labour" title="Template:Forced labour"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Forced_labour" title="Template talk:Forced labour"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Forced_labour" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Forced labour"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Critics of wage work have drawn several similarities between wage work and slavery: </p> <ol><li>Since the chattel slave is property, his value to an owner is in some ways higher than that of a worker who may quit, be fired or replaced. The chattel slave's owner has made a greater investment in terms of the money paid for the slave. For this reason, in times of recession chattel slaves could not be fired like wage laborers. A "wage slave" could also be harmed at no (or less) cost. American chattel-slaves in the 19th century had improved their standard of living from the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-Margo_Steckel_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Margo_Steckel-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and – according to historians Fogel and Engerman – plantation records show that slaves worked less, were better fed and whipped only occasionally – their material conditions in the 19th century being "better than what was typically available to free urban laborers at the time".<sup id="cite_ref-Fogel_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogel-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was partially due to slave psychological strategies under an economic system different from capitalist wage-slavery. According to Mark Michael Smith of the Economic History Society, "although intrusive and oppressive, paternalism, the way masters employed it, and the methods slaves used to manipulate it, rendered slaveholders' attempts to institute capitalistic work regimens on their plantation ineffective and so allowed slaves to carve out a degree of autonomy".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Unlike a chattel slave, a wage laborer can (barring <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> or lack of job offers) choose between employers, but those employers usually constitute a minority of owners in the population for which the wage laborer must work while attempts to implement <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> on employers' businesses may be considered an act of theft or insubordination and thus be met with violence, imprisonment or other legal and social measures. The wage laborer's starkest choice is to work for an employer or to face poverty or starvation or turn to crime. If a chattel slave refuses to work, a number of punishments are also available; from beatings to food deprivation – although economically rational slave-owners practiced positive <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement" title="Reinforcement">reinforcement</a> to achieve best results and before losing their investment by killing an expensive slave.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Historically, the range of occupations and status positions held by chattel slaves has been nearly as broad as that held by free persons, indicating some similarities between chattel slavery and wage slavery as well.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Like chattel slavery, wage slavery does not stem from some immutable "human nature", but represents a "specific response to material and historical conditions" that "reproduce[s] the inhabitants, the social relations... the ideas... [and] the social form of daily life".<sup id="cite_ref-Perlman_2002_p2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perlman_2002_p2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Similarities became blurred when proponents of wage labor won the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> of 1861–1865, in which they competed for legitimacy with defenders of chattel slavery. Each side presented an over-positive assessment of their own system while denigrating the opponent.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzhugh_1857_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzhugh_1857-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Foner_1998_p66_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner_1998_p66-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weininger_2002_p95_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weininger_2002_p95-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>According to American <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalist</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, workers themselves noticed the similarities between chattel and wage slavery. Chomsky noted that the 19th-century Lowell mill girls, without any reported knowledge of European <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a>, condemned the "degradation and subordination" of the newly emerging industrial system and the "new spirit of the age: gain wealth, forgetting all but self", maintaining that "those who work in the mills should own them".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They expressed their concerns in a <a href="/wiki/Protest_songs_in_the_United_States" title="Protest songs in the United States">protest song</a> during their 1836 strike:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Oh! isn't it a pity, such a pretty girl as I<br /> Should be sent to the factory to pine away and die?<br /> Oh! I cannot be a slave, I will not be a slave,<br /> For I'm so fond of liberty,<br /> That I cannot be a slave. </p> </div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wage_slavery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wage_slavery.jpg/220px-Wage_slavery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wage_slavery.jpg/330px-Wage_slavery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wage_slavery.jpg/440px-Wage_slavery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Defenses of both wage labor and chattel slavery in the literature have linked the subjection of man to man with the subjection of man to <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a> – arguing that <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchy</a> and a social system's particular <a href="/wiki/Relations_of_production" title="Relations of production">relations of production</a> represent <a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">human nature</a> and are no more coercive than the reality of <a href="/wiki/Human_condition" title="Human condition">life itself</a>. According to this narrative, any well-intentioned attempt to fundamentally change the <i>status quo</i> is naively <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian</a> and will result in more oppressive conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bosses in both of these long-lasting systems argued that their respective systems <a href="/wiki/Wealth_creation" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth creation">created a lot of wealth and prosperity</a>. In some sense, both did create jobs, and their investment entailed risk. For example, slave-owners risked losing money by buying chattel slaves who later became ill or died; while bosses risked losing money by hiring workers (wage slaves) to make products that did not sell well on the market. Marginally, both chattel and wage slaves may become bosses; sometimes by working hard. The "rags to riches" story occasionally comes to pass in capitalism; the "slave to master" story occurred in places like colonial Brazil, where slaves could buy their own freedom and become business owners, self-employed, or slave-owners themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, critics of the concept of wage slavery do not regard <a href="/wiki/Social_mobility" title="Social mobility">social mobility</a>, or the hard work and risk that it may entail, as a redeeming factor.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthropologist <a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">David Graeber</a> has noted that historically the first wage-labor contracts we know about – whether in ancient Greece or Rome, or in the Malay or <a href="/wiki/Category:Swahili_city-states" title="Category:Swahili city-states">Swahili city-states</a> in the Indian Ocean – were in fact contracts for the rental of chattel slaves (usually the owner would receive a share of the money and the slaves another, with which to maintain their living expenses). According to Graeber, such arrangements were quite common in <a href="/wiki/New_World_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="New World slavery">New World slavery</a> as well, whether in the United States or in Brazil. <a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">C. L. R. James</a> (1901–1989) argued that most of the techniques of human organization employed on factory workers during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> first developed on <a href="/wiki/Slave_plantation" title="Slave plantation">slave plantations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent work "traces the innovations of modern <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a> to the slave plantation".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes_in_the_use_of_the_term">Changes in the use of the term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Changes in the use of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wage_Slavery_Use_Study.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wage_Slavery_Use_Study.svg/330px-Wage_Slavery_Use_Study.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wage_Slavery_Use_Study.svg/495px-Wage_Slavery_Use_Study.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wage_Slavery_Use_Study.svg/660px-Wage_Slavery_Use_Study.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>By the end of the 19th century, both the use of the term "wage slavery" and its meaning declined.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the 19th century, North American labor rhetoric turned towards consumerist and economics-based politics, from its previously radical, <a href="/wiki/Producerist" class="mw-redirect" title="Producerist">producerist</a> vision. Whereas labor organizations once referred to powerless disenfranchisement from the rise of industrial capitalism as "wage slavery", the phrase had fallen out of favor by 1890 as those organizations adopted pragmatic politics and phrases like "wage work".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071393_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071393-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American producerist labor politics emphasized the control of production conditions as being the guarantor of self-reliant, personal freedom. As factories began to bring artisans in-house by 1880, wage dependence replaced wage freedom as standard for skilled, unskilled, and unionized workers alike.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071401–1402_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071401–1402-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> As Hallgrimsdottir and Benoit point out: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[I]ncreased centralization of production ... declining wages ... [an] expanding ... labor pool ... intensifying competition, and ... [t]he loss of competence and independence experienced by skilled labor" meant that "a critique that referred to all [wage] work as slavery and avoided demands for wage concessions in favor of supporting the creation of the producerist republic (by diverting strike funds towards funding ... co-operatives, for example) was far less compelling than one that identified the specific conditions of slavery as low wages</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="#CITEREFHallgrimsdottirBenoit2007">Hallgrimsdottir & Benoit 2007</a>, pp. 1397, 1404, 1402</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In more general English-language usage, the phrase "wage slavery" and its variants became more frequent in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment_in_various_economic_systems">Treatment in various economic systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Treatment in various economic systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AdamSmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/170px-AdamSmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/255px-AdamSmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/340px-AdamSmith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2173" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a></figcaption></figure><p> Some anti-capitalist thinkers claim that the <a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">elite</a> maintain wage <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> and a divided working class through their influence over the media and entertainment industry,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> educational institutions, unjust laws, nationalist and <a href="/wiki/Corporate_propaganda" title="Corporate propaganda">corporate propaganda</a>, pressures and incentives to internalize values serviceable to the power structure, <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> violence, fear of unemployment, and a historical legacy of exploitation and profit accumulation/transfer under prior systems, which shaped the development of economic theory. <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> noted that employers often conspire together to keep wages low and have the upper hand in conflicts between workers and employers:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The interest of the dealers ... in any particular branch of trade or manufactures, is always in some respects different from, and even opposite to, that of the public... [They] have generally an interest to deceive and even to oppress the public ... We rarely hear, it has been said, of the combinations of masters, though frequently of those of workmen. But whoever imagines, upon this account, that masters rarely combine, is as ignorant of the world as of the subject. Masters are always and everywhere in a sort of tacit, but constant and uniform combination, not to raise the wages of labor above their actual rate ... It is not, however, difficult to foresee which of the two parties must, upon all ordinary occasions, have the advantage in the dispute, and force the other into a compliance with their terms.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitalism">Capitalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capitalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinkerton_escorts_hocking_valley_leslies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Pinkerton_escorts_hocking_valley_leslies.jpg/220px-Pinkerton_escorts_hocking_valley_leslies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Pinkerton_escorts_hocking_valley_leslies.jpg/330px-Pinkerton_escorts_hocking_valley_leslies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Pinkerton_escorts_hocking_valley_leslies.jpg/440px-Pinkerton_escorts_hocking_valley_leslies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pinkerton_National_Detective_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinkerton National Detective Agency">Pinkerton guards</a> escort strikebreakers in Buchtel, Ohio, 1884</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kronstadt_attack.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kronstadt_attack.JPG/220px-Kronstadt_attack.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kronstadt_attack.JPG/330px-Kronstadt_attack.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kronstadt_attack.JPG/440px-Kronstadt_attack.JPG 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> troops attack <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a> <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian socialist">libertarian socialist</a> "wage slavery" critics who had demanded among other things that "handicraft production be authorized provided it does not utilize wage labour".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The concept of wage slavery could conceivably be traced back to pre-capitalist figures like <a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley" title="Gerrard Winstanley">Gerrard Winstanley</a> from the radical Christian <a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a> movement in England, who wrote in his 1649 pamphlet, <i>The New Law of Righteousness</i>, that there "shall be no buying or selling, no fairs nor markets, but the whole earth shall be a common treasury for every man" and "there shall be none Lord over others, but every one shall be a Lord of himself".<sup id="cite_ref-Graham-2005_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham-2005-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> stated that "the citizens must not live a mechanic or a mercantile life (for such a life is ignoble and inimical to virtue), nor yet must those who are to be citizens in the best state be tillers of the soil (for leisure is needed both for the development of virtue and for active participation in politics)",<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often paraphrased as "all paid jobs absorb and degrade the mind".<sup id="cite_ref-quotationspage.com_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotationspage.com-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> wrote in 44 BC that "vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery".<sup id="cite_ref-Cicero_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cicero-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somewhat similar criticisms have also been expressed by some proponents of <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Gesell" title="Silvio Gesell">Silvio Gesell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>, who inspired the economic philosophy known as <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-schalkenbach1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schalkenbach1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributist</a> school of thought within the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. </p><p>To <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and anarchist thinkers like <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a>, wage slavery was a <a href="/wiki/Class_(social)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class (social)">class condition</a> in place due to the existence of <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a>. This class situation rested primarily on: </p> <ol><li>The existence of property not intended for active use;</li> <li>The concentration of ownership in few hands;</li> <li>The lack of direct access by workers to the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> and consumption goods; and</li> <li>The perpetuation of a <a href="/wiki/Reserve_army_of_labour" title="Reserve army of labour">reserve army of unemployed workers</a>.</li></ol> <p>And secondarily on: </p> <ol><li>The waste of workers' efforts and resources on producing useless luxuries;</li> <li>The waste of goods so that their price may remain high; and</li> <li>The waste of all those who sit between the producer and consumer, taking their own shares at each stage without actually contributing to the production of goods, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Reseller" title="Reseller">middle man</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fascism">Fascism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fascism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fascist economic policies were more hostile to independent trade unions than modern economies in Europe or the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> was more widely accepted in the 1920s and 1930s, and foreign corporate investment (notably from the United States) in Germany increased after the fascists took power.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Fascism has been perceived by some notable critics, like <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Buenaventura Durruti</a>, to be a last resort weapon of the privileged to ensure the maintenance of wage slavery: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>No government fights fascism to destroy it. When the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a> sees that power is slipping out of its hands, it brings up fascism to hold onto their privileges.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychological_effects">Psychological effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Psychological effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg/170px-WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg/255px-WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, analysis of the psychological implications of wage slavery goes back to the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> era. In his 1791 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Limits_of_State_Action" title="The Limits of State Action">The Limits of State Action</a></i>, classical liberal thinker <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a> explained how "whatever does not spring from a man's free choice, or is only the result of instruction and guidance, does not enter into his very nature; he does not perform it with truly human energies, but merely with mechanical exactness" and so when the laborer works under external control, "we may admire what he does, but we despise what he is".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because they explore human authority and obedience, both the <a href="/wiki/Milgram_experiment" title="Milgram experiment">Milgram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment" title="Stanford prison experiment">Stanford experiments</a> have been found useful in the psychological study of wage-based workplace relations.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-identity_problems_and_stress">Self-identity problems and stress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Self-identity problems and stress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to research,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> modern work provides people with a sense of personal and social identity that is tied to: </p> <ol><li>The particular work role, even if unfulfilling; and</li> <li>The social role it entails e.g. family bread-winning, friendship forming and so on.</li></ol> <p>Thus job loss entails the loss of this identity.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a> argued that if a person perceives himself as being what he owns, then when that person loses (or even thinks of losing) what he "owns" (e.g. the good looks or sharp mind that allow him to sell his labor for high wages) a fear of loss may create anxiety and authoritarian tendencies because that person's sense of identity is threatened. In contrast, when a person's sense of self is based on what he experiences in a "state of being" with a less materialistic regard for what he once had and lost, or may lose, then less authoritarian tendencies prevail. In his view, the state of being flourishes under a worker-managed workplace and economy, whereas self-ownership entails a materialistic notion of self, created to rationalize the lack of worker control that would allow for a state of being.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Investigative journalist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kuttner" title="Robert Kuttner">Robert Kuttner</a> analyzed the work of public-health scholars Jeffrey Johnson and Ellen Hall about modern conditions of work and concludes that "to be in a life situation where one experiences relentless demands by others, over which one has relatively little control, is to be at risk of poor health, physically as well as mentally". Under wage labor, "a relatively small elite demands and gets empowerment, self-actualization, autonomy, and other work satisfaction that partially compensate for long hours" while "epidemiological data confirm that lower-paid, lower-status workers are more likely to experience the most clinically damaging forms of stress, in part because they have less control over their work".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wage slavery and the educational system that precedes it "implies power held by the leader. Without power the leader is inept. The possession of power inevitably leads to corruption ... in spite of ... good intentions ... [Leadership means] power of initiative, this sense of responsibility, the self-respect which comes from expressed manhood, is taken from the men, and consolidated in the leader. The sum of their initiative, their responsibility, their self-respect becomes his ... [and the] order and system he maintains is based upon the suppression of the men, from being independent thinkers into being 'the men' ... In a word, he is compelled to become an autocrat and a foe to democracy". For the "leader", such marginalisation can be beneficial, for a leader "sees no need for any high level of intelligence in the rank and file, except to applaud his actions. Indeed such intelligence from his point of view, by breeding criticism and opposition, is an obstacle and causes confusion".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wage slavery "implies erosion of the human personality ... [because] some men submit to the will of others, arousing in these instincts which predispose them to cruelty and indifference in the face of the suffering of their fellows".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychological_control">Psychological control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Psychological control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222284573">.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{font-size:145%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-above{padding-bottom:0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-below{text-align:center;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-subgroup .sidebar-heading{border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist template-anarchism-sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anarchy-symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol"><img alt=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/75px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/113px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/150px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_anarchism" title="Glossary of anarchism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="African anarchism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parecon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parecon">Parecon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Methodology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis</a></li></ul> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Theory</a></li> <li>Practice</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_movements_by_region" title="List of anarchist movements by region">By region</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Lists</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackFlagSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/15px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/23px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/30px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/15px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/23px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/30px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism_sidebar" title="Template:Anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Higher_wages">Higher wages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Higher wages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 19th-century discussions of labor relations, it was normally assumed that the threat of starvation forced those without property to work for wages. Proponents of the view that modern forms of employment constitute wage slavery, even when workers appear to have a range of available alternatives, have attributed its perpetuation to a variety of social factors that maintain the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_hegemony" title="Cultural hegemony">hegemony</a> of the employer class.<sup id="cite_ref-Perlman_2002_p2_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perlman_2002_p2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In an account of the Lowell mill girls, Harriet Hanson Robinson wrote that generously high wages were offered to overcome the degrading nature of the work: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>At the time the Lowell cotton mills were started the caste of the factory girl was the lowest among the employments of women. ... She was represented as subjected to influences that must destroy her purity and selfrespect. In the eyes of her overseer she was but a brute, a slave, to be beaten, pinched and pushed about. It was to overcome this prejudice that such high wages had been offered to women that they might be induced to become millgirls, in spite of the opprobrium that still clung to this degrading occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> In his book <i><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Minds" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplined Minds">Disciplined Minds</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Schmidt_(writer)" title="Jeff Schmidt (writer)">Jeff Schmidt</a> points out that professionals are trusted to run organizations in the interests of their employers. Because employers cannot be on hand to manage every decision, professionals are trained to "ensure that each and every detail of their work favors the right interests–or skewers the disfavored ones" in the absence of overt control: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The resulting professional is an obedient thinker, an intellectual property whom employers can trust to experiment, theorize, innovate and create safely within the confines of an assigned ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Parecon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parecon">Parecon</a> (participatory economics) theory posits a social class "between labor and capital" of higher paid professionals such as "doctors, lawyers, engineers, managers and others" who monopolize empowering labor and constitute a class above wage laborers who do mostly "obedient, rote work".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lower_wages">Lower wages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lower wages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The terms "employee" or "worker" have often been replaced by "associate" or "partner". This plays up the allegedly voluntary nature of the interaction while playing down the subordinate status of the wage laborer as well as the worker-boss class distinction emphasized by labor movements. Billboards as well as television, Internet and newspaper advertisements consistently show low-wage workers with smiles on their faces, appearing happy.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Job interviews and other data on requirements for lower skilled workers in developed countries – particularly in the growing service sector – indicate that the more workers depend on low wages and the less skilled or desirable their job is, the more employers screen for workers without better employment options and expect them to feign unremunerative motivation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ehrenreich_2011_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrenreich_2011-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such screening and feigning may not only contribute to the positive self-image of the employer as someone granting desirable employment, but also signal wage-dependence by indicating the employee's willingness to feign, which in turn may discourage the dissatisfaction normally associated with job-switching or union activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Ehrenreich_2011_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrenreich_2011-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, employers in the service industry have justified unstable, part-time employment and low wages by playing down the importance of service jobs for the lives of the wage laborers (e.g. just temporary before finding something better, student summer jobs and the like).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 20th century, "scientific methods of strikebreaking"<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were devised – employing a variety of tactics that emphasized how strikes undermined "harmony" and "Americanism".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Workers'_self-management"><span id="Workers.27_self-management"></span>Workers' self-management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Workers' self-management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-communism" title="Category:Anarcho-communism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Anarchist communism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rb-star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Rb-star.svg/75px-Rb-star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Rb-star.svg/113px-Rb-star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Rb-star.svg/150px-Rb-star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="952" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_consciousness" title="Class consciousness">Class consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common-pool_resource" title="Common-pool resource">Common resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">Co-operative economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;">"<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">From each according to his ability,<br />to each according to his needs</a>"</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market abolitionism">Market abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_communism" title="Primitive communism">Primitive communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-communists" title="Category:Anarcho-communists">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Bleikhman" title="Iosif Bleikhman">Bleikhman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cafiero" title="Carlo Cafiero">Cafiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Covelli" title="Emilio Covelli">Covelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Dixon" title="Clarissa Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumartheray" title="François Dumartheray">Dumartheray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galleani" title="Luigi Galleani">Galleani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Meltzer" title="Albert Meltzer">Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizational forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis federations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Conquest_of_Bread" title="The Conquest of Bread">The Conquest of Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fields,_Factories,_and_Workshops" title="Fields, Factories, and Workshops">Fields, Factories, and Workshops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Aid:_A_Factor_of_Evolution" title="Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution">Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_Other_Essays" title="Anarchism and Other Essays">Anarchism and Other Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_and_After" title="Now and After">Now and After</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Scarcity_Anarchism" title="Post-Scarcity Anarchism">Post-Scarcity Anarchism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-bottom: none; padding-top:5px;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/16px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/24px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/32px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" 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<p>Some social activists objecting to the <a href="/wiki/Market_system" title="Market system">market system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Price_system" title="Price system">price system</a> of wage working historically have considered <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">syndicalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker cooperatives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> as possible alternatives to the current wage system.<sup id="cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley.edu_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globetrotter.berkeley.edu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HB_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spunk.org_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spunk.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labor_and_government">Labor and government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Labor and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American philosopher <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a> believed that until "industrial feudalism" is replaced by "<a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">industrial democracy</a>", politics will be "the shadow cast on society by big business".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_(academic)" title="Thomas Ferguson (academic)">Thomas Ferguson</a> has postulated in his <a href="/wiki/Investment_theory_of_party_competition" title="Investment theory of party competition">investment theory of party competition</a> that the undemocratic nature of economic institutions under capitalism causes elections to become occasions when blocs of investors coalesce and compete to control the state.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> has argued that political theory tends to blur the 'elite' function of government: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Modern political theory stresses Madison's belief that "in a just and a free government the rights both of property and of persons ought to be effectually guarded." But in this case too it is useful to look at the doctrine more carefully. There are no rights of property, only rights to property that is, rights of persons with property,... In representative democracy, as in, say, the United States or Great Britain [...] there is a monopoly of power centralized in the state, and secondly – and critically – [...] the representative democracy is limited to the political sphere and in no serious way encroaches on the economic sphere [...] That is, as long as individuals are compelled to rent themselves on the market to those who are willing to hire them, as long as their role in production is simply that of ancillary tools, then there are striking elements of coercion and oppression that make talk of democracy very limited, if even meaningful.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In this regard, Chomsky has used Bakunin's theories about an "instinct for freedom",<sup id="cite_ref-Chomsky_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chomsky-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the militant history of labor movements, Kropotkin's mutual aid evolutionary principle of survival and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Hauser" title="Marc Hauser">Marc Hauser</a>'s theories supporting an innate and universal moral faculty,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to explain the incompatibility of oppression with certain aspects of human nature.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chomsky_2004_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chomsky_2004-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_environmental_degradation">Influence on environmental degradation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Influence on environmental degradation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_New_Orleans" title="Loyola University New Orleans">Loyola University</a> philosophy professor John Clark and libertarian socialist philosopher <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a> have criticized the system of wage labor for encouraging environmental destruction, arguing that a self-managed industrial society would better manage the environment. Like other anarchists,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they attribute much of the Industrial Revolution's pollution to the "hierarchical" and "competitive" economic relations accompanying it.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment_contracts">Employment contracts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Employment contracts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some criticize wage slavery on strictly contractual grounds, e.g. <a href="/wiki/David_Ellerman" title="David Ellerman">David Ellerman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carole_Pateman" title="Carole Pateman">Carole Pateman</a>, arguing that the <a href="/wiki/Employment_contract" title="Employment contract">employment contract</a> is a legal fiction in that it treats human beings juridically as mere tools or inputs by abdicating responsibility and <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>, which the critics argue are inalienable. As Ellerman points out, "[t]he employee is legally transformed from being a co-responsible partner to being only an input supplier sharing no legal responsibility for either the input liabilities [costs] or the produced outputs [revenue, profits] of the employer's business".<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such contracts are inherently invalid "since the person remain[s] a <i>de facto</i> fully capacitated adult person with only the contractual role of a non-person" as it is impossible to physically transfer self-determination.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Pateman argues: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The contractarian argument is unassailable all the time it is accepted that abilities can 'acquire' an external relation to an individual, and can be treated as if they were property. To treat abilities in this manner is also implicitly to accept that the 'exchange' between employer and worker is like any other exchange of material property ... The answer to the question of how property in the person can be contracted out is that no such procedure is possible. Labour power, capacities or services, cannot be separated from the person of the worker like pieces of property.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> In a modern liberal capitalist society, the employment contract is enforced while the enslavement contract is not; the former being considered valid because of its consensual/non-coercive nature and the latter being considered inherently invalid, consensual or not. The noted economist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> described this discrepancy: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Since slavery was abolished, human earning power is forbidden by law to be capitalized. A man is not even free to sell himself; he must rent himself at a wage.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Some advocates of <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">right-libertarianism</a>, among them philosopher <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Robert Nozick</a>, address this inconsistency in modern societies arguing that a consistently libertarian society would allow and regard as valid consensual/non-coercive enslavement contracts, rejecting the notion of inalienable rights: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The comparable question about an individual is whether a free system will allow him to sell himself into slavery. I believe that it would.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Other economists including <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> allow for the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Debt_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Debt slavery">debt slavery</a>, asserting that a lifetime labour contract can be broken so long as the slave pays appropriate damages: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[I]f A has agreed to work for life for B in exchange for 10,000 grams of gold, he will have to return the proportionate amount of property if he terminates the arrangement and ceases to work.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools_of_economics">Schools of economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Schools of economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the philosophy of mainstream, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">neoclassical economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wage_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wage labor">wage labor</a> is seen as the <a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">voluntary sale of one's own time and efforts</a>, just like a carpenter would sell a chair, or a farmer would sell wheat. It is considered neither an antagonistic nor abusive relationship and carries no particular moral implications.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Austrian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian economics">Austrian economics</a> argues that a person is not "free" unless they can sell their labor because otherwise that person has no <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a> and will be owned by a "third party" of individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-Keynesian economics</a> perceives wage slavery as resulting from <a href="/wiki/Inequality_of_bargaining_power" title="Inequality of bargaining power">inequality of bargaining power</a> between labor and capital, which exists when the economy does not "allow labor to organize and form a strong countervailing force".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two main forms of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">socialist economics</a> perceive wage slavery differently: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a> sees it as a lack of <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a> in the context of substituting state and capitalist control with political and economic decentralization and <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State socialists</a> view it as an injustice perpetrated by capitalists and solved through <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">social ownership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a>.</li></ol> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Abolitionists" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionists">abolitionists</a> in the United States regarded the analogy of wage workers as wage slaves to be spurious.<sup id="cite_ref-Foner,_Eric_1998._p._66_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foner,_Eric_1998._p._66-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believed that wage workers were "neither wronged nor oppressed".<sup id="cite_ref-McNall_95_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNall_95-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abolitionist and former slave <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> declared "Now I am my own master" when he took a paying job.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglass_95_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglass_95-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in life, he concluded to the contrary "experience demonstrates that there may be a slavery of wages only a little less galling and crushing in its effects than chattel slavery, and that this slavery of wages must go down with the other".<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> "did not challenge the notion that those who spend their entire lives as wage laborers were comparable to slaves", though they argued that the condition was different, as long as laborers were likely to develop the opportunity to work for themselves in the future, achieving <a href="/wiki/Self-employment" title="Self-employment">self-employment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some advocates of laissez-faire capitalism, among them philosopher <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Robert Nozick</a>, have said that inalienable rights can be waived if done so voluntarily, saying "the comparable question about an individual is whether a free system will allow him to sell himself into slavery. I believe that it would".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others such as the <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalist">anarcho-capitalist</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a> go further and maintain that all rights are in fact alienable, stating <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_slavery" title="Voluntary slavery">voluntary slavery</a> and by extension wage slavery is legitimate.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precariat" title="Precariat">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">Proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-merriam-webster.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-merriam-webster.com_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wage%20slave">"wage slave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam_Webster" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam Webster">merriam-webster.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=wage+slave&rft.btitle=merriam-webster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fwage%2520slave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/wage%20slave">"wage slave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dictionary.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=wage+slave&rft.btitle=dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fwage%2520slave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSandel1996">Sandel 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_KdrTfTxqvgC&pg=PA184">184</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globetrotter.berkeley.edu-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley.edu_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley.edu_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globetrotter.berkeley.edu_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people2/Chomsky/chomsky-con2.html">"Conversation with Noam Chomsky"</a>. Globetrotter.berkeley.edu. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conversation+with+Noam+Chomsky&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Globetrotter.berkeley.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobetrotter.berkeley.edu%2Fpeople2%2FChomsky%2Fchomsky-con2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HB_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HB_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HB_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HB_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HB_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallgrimsdottirBenoit2007">Hallgrimsdottir & Benoit 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spunk.org-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spunk.org_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spunk.org_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/russia/sp001861/bolintro.html">"The Bolsheviks and Workers Control, 1917–1921: The State and Counter-revolution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spunk_Library" title="Spunk Library">Spunk Library</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bolsheviks+and+Workers+Control%2C+1917%E2%80%931921%3A+The+State+and+Counter-revolution&rft.pub=Spunk+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spunk.org%2Ftexts%2Fplaces%2Frussia%2Fsp001861%2Fbolintro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvineri1968">Avineri 1968</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitzhugh_1857-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fitzhugh_1857_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fitzhugh_1857_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzhugh1857">Fitzhugh 1857</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schalkenbach1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schalkenbach1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schalkenbach1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schalkenbach1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge1981">George 1981</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://schalkenbach.org/library/henry-george/social-problems/sp15.html">"Chapter 15"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_Ostergaard_p._133_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstergaard1997">Ostergaard 1997</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cicero-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cicero_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cicero_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cicero_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCicero1913" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero, Marcus Tullius</a> (January 1, 1913) [First written in October–November 44 BC]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/marcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis/1913/pb_LCL030.3.xml">"Liber I"</a> [Book I]. In Henderson, Jeffrey (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL030/1913/volume.xml"><i>De Officiis</i></a> [<i>On Duties</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> [LCL030] (in Latin and English). Vol. XXI. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Miller_(philologist)" title="Walter Miller (philologist)">Miller, Walter</a> (Digital ed.). Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/marcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis/1913/pb_LCL030.153.xml">152–153 (XLII)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4159%2FDLCL.marcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis.1913">10.4159/DLCL.marcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis.1913</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99033-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99033-3"><bdi>978-0-674-99033-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/902696620">902696620</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7693830M">7693830M</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180406221818/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/marcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis/1913/pb_LCL030.153.xml">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2018. <q>XLII. Now in regard to trades and other means of livelihood, which ones are to be considered becoming to a gentleman and which ones are vulgar, we have been taught, in general, as follows. First, those means of livelihood are rejected as undesirable which incur people's ill-will, as those of tax-gatherers and usurers. Unbecoming to a gentleman, too, and vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery. Vulgar we must consider those also who buy from wholesale merchants to retail immediately; for they would get no profits without a great deal of downright lying; and verily, there is no action that is meaner than misrepresentation. And all mechanics are engaged in vulgar trades; for no workshop can have anything liberal about it. Least respectable of all are those trades which cater for sensual pleasures[.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liber+I&rft.btitle=De+Officiis&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library+%5BLCL030%5D&rft.pages=152-153+%28XLII%29&rft.edition=Digital&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1913-01-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F902696620&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4159%2FDLCL.marcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis.1913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7693830M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99033-3&rft.aulast=Cicero&rft.aufirst=Marcus+Tullius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2Fmarcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis%2F1913%2Fpb_LCL030.3.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFProudhon1890">Proudhon 1890</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marx_1863_c7-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marx_1863_c7_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marx_1863_c7_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarx1969">Marx 1969</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value/ch07.htm">Chapter VII</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English_Working_Class_p._599-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._599_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._599_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1966">Thompson 1966</a>, p. 599.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English_Working_Class_p._912-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._912_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English_Working_Class_p._912_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1966">Thompson 1966</a>, p. 912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shop_Floor_p._37-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shop_Floor_p._37_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shop_Floor_p._37_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLazonick1990">Lazonick 1990</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoner1995">Foner 1995</a>, p. xix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJensen2002">Jensen 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_B._Glickman1999" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence B. Glickman (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uaZeBhl2QLYC&pg=PA19"><i>A Living Wage: American Workers and the Making of Consumer Society</i></a>. Cornell U.P. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8614-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8614-2"><bdi>978-0-8014-8614-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Living+Wage%3A+American+Workers+and+the+Making+of+Consumer+Society&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Cornell+U.P.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-8614-2&rft.au=Lawrence+B.+Glickman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuaZeBhl2QLYC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldman2003">Goldman 2003</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0IF7CusxuMcC&pg=PA283">283</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i>. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0">0-8028-3784-0</a>. p. 543.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarx1990">Marx 1990</a>, p. ?.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlThe_Hireling_and_the_Slave_–_Antislavery_Literature_Project-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlThe_Hireling_and_the_Slave_–_Antislavery_Literature_Project_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619063124/http://antislavery.eserver.org/proslavery/graysonhireling">"The Hireling and the Slave – Antislavery Literature Project"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antislavery.eserver.org/proslavery/graysonhireling">the original</a> on June 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hireling+and+the+Slave+%E2%80%93+Antislavery+Literature+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantislavery.eserver.org%2Fproslavery%2Fgraysonhireling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PBS-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PBS_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/lincolns-wage/">Wage Slavery</a>, PBS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Margo_Steckel-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Margo_Steckel_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Margo_Steckel_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMargoSteckel1982">Margo & Steckel 1982</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fogel-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fogel_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fogel_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFogel1994">Fogel 1994</a>, p. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThoreau2004">Thoreau 2004</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foner_1998_p66-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foner_1998_p66_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foner_1998_p66_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoner1998">Foner 1998</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weininger_2002_p95-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weininger_2002_p95_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weininger_2002_p95_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeininger2002">Weininger 2002</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandel_181-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sandel_181_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sandel_181_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSandel1996">Sandel 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_KdrTfTxqvgC&pg=PA181">181–84</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Douglass_95-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Douglass_95_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglass_95_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDouglass1994">Douglass 1994</a>, p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDouglass2000">Douglass 2000</a>, pp. 676</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDouglass1886">Douglass 1886</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/threeaddresseson00dougrich/threeaddresseson00dougrich_djvu.txt">12–13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDouglass1886">Douglass 1886</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/threeaddresseson00dougrich/threeaddresseson00dougrich_djvu.txt">16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaurie1997">Laurie 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngels1969">Engels 1969</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngels,_Friedrich1847" class="citation web cs1">Engels, Friedrich (October–November 1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm">"The Principles of Communism"</a>. Marxists.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Principles+of+Communism&rft.pub=Marxists.org&rft.date=1847-10%2F1847-11&rft.au=Engels%2C+Friedrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmarx%2Fworks%2F1847%2F11%2Fprin-com.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1998">Smith 1998</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114032053/http://niahd.wm.edu/index.php?browse=entry&id=3089">"The Gray Area: Dislodging Misconceptions about Slavery"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niahd.wm.edu/index.php?browse=entry&id=3089">the original</a> on January 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gray+Area%3A+Dislodging+Misconceptions+about+Slavery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fniahd.wm.edu%2Findex.php%3Fbrowse%3Dentry%26id%3D3089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928184135/http://home.triad.rr.com/warfford/Roman_Empire/slavery.html">"Roman Household Slavery"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.triad.rr.com/warfford/Roman_Empire/slavery.html">the original</a> on September 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roman+Household+Slavery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.triad.rr.com%2Fwarfford%2FRoman_Empire%2Fslavery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24172/Slave-occupations">"The sociology of slavery: Slave occupations"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. "The highest position slaves ever attained was that of slave minister [...] A few slaves even rose to be monarchs, such as the slaves who became sultans and founded dynasties in Islām. At a level lower than that of slave ministers were other slaves, such as those in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the Central Asian <a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid domains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%27ing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ch'ing">Ch'ing</a> China, and elsewhere, who worked in government offices and administered provinces. [...] The stereotype that slaves were careless and could only be trusted to do the crudest forms of manual labor was disproved countless times in societies that had different expectations and proper incentives".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perlman_2002_p2-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perlman_2002_p2_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perlman_2002_p2_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerlman2002">Perlman 2002</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChomsky2000">Chomsky 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChomsky2011">Chomsky 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626072157/http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/americanstudies/lavender/liberty.html">"Liberty"</a>. <i>American Studies</i>. CSI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/americanstudies/lavender/liberty.html">the original</a> on June 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Studies&rft.atitle=Liberty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.csi.cuny.edu%2Fdept%2Famericanstudies%2Flavender%2Fliberty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarsel1940">Carsel 1940</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFitzhugh1857">Fitzhugh 1857</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNorberg2003">Norberg 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMetcalf2005">Metcalf 2005</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKay, Iain. B.7.2 Does social mobility make up for class inequality? An Anarchist FAQ: Volume 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFGraeber2004">Graeber 2004</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eleuthera.it/files/materiali/David_Graeber_Fragments_%20Anarchist_Anthropology.pdf">37</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckertRockman2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sven_Beckert" title="Sven Beckert">Beckert, Sven</a>; Rockman, Seth (2016). "Introduction: Slavery's Capitalism". In <a href="/wiki/Sven_Beckert" title="Sven Beckert">Beckert, Sven</a>; Rockman, Seth (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PBbBDAAAQBAJ"><i>Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development</i></a>. Early American Studies. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9309-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9309-8"><bdi>978-0-8122-9309-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2018</span>. <q><a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Rosenthal" title="Caitlin Rosenthal">Caitlin Rosenthal</a> traces the innovations of modern management to the slave plantation [...]. Rosenthal is among several scholars who have urged the centrality of slavery in the histories of management and accounting.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Slavery%27s+Capitalism&rft.btitle=Slavery%27s+Capitalism%3A+A+New+History+of+American+Economic+Development&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=Early+American+Studies&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-9309-8&rft.aulast=Beckert&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft.au=Rockman%2C+Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPBbBDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071393-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071393_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallgrimsdottirBenoit2007">Hallgrimsdottir & Benoit 2007</a>, p. 1393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071401–1402-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallgrimsdottirBenoit20071401–1402_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallgrimsdottirBenoit2007">Hallgrimsdottir & Benoit 2007</a>, pp. 1401–1402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=wage+slavery%2Cwage-slavery%2Cwage+slave%2Cwage-slave&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cwage%20slavery%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwage%20-%20slavery%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwage%20slave%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwage%20-%20slave%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cwage%20slavery%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwage%20-%20slavery%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwage%20slave%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cwage%20-%20slave%3B%2Cc0">Statistical table of frequency of use</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113204609/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07%2F10%2F19%2F144225">"Democracy Now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i>. October 19, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/10/19/144225">the original</a> on November 13, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Democracy+Now&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2Farticle.pl%3Fsid%3D07%2F10%2F19%2F144225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky,_Noam1992" class="citation web cs1">Chomsky, Noam (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060721164116/http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/1992----02.htm">"Interview"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/1992----02.htm">the original</a> on July 21, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Chomsky%2C+Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chomsky.info%2Finterviews%2F1992----02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrendel1971">Brendel 1971</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham-2005-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Graham-2005_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraham2005">Graham 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aristotle, <i><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">Politics</a></i> 1328b–1329a, H. Rackham trans.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotationspage.com-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quotationspage.com_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/1097.html">"The Quotations Page: Quote from Aristotle"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Quotations+Page%3A+Quote+from+Aristotle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quotationspage.com%2Fquote%2F1097.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/history/paine4.html">"Social Security History"</a>. <i>www.ssa.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ssa.gov&rft.atitle=Social+Security+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Fhistory%2Fpaine4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Grand2004">De Grand 2004</a>, pp. 48–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/thistle/www/v13/3/oil.html">"A People's History of the United States"</a>. <i>web.mit.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.mit.edu&rft.atitle=A+People%27s+History+of+the+United+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fthistle%2Fwww%2Fv13%2F3%2Foil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolko1962">Kolko 1962</a>, pp. 725–726: "General Motors' involvement in Germany's military preparations was the logical outcome of its forthright export philosophy of seeking profits wherever and however they might be made, irrespective of political circumstances. [...] By April 1939, G.M. had applied its credo to its fullest limits, for Opel, its wholly owned subsidiary, was (along with Ford) Germany's largest tank producer. [...] The details of additional American business involvement with German industry fill dozens of volumes of government hearings".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quote from an interview with Pierre van Paassen (24 July 1936), published in the <i>Toronto Daily Star</i> (5 August 1936)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChomsky1993">Chomsky 1993</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIpW10rWZFAC&pg=PA19">19</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThyeLawler2006">Thye & Lawler 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPriceFriedlandVinokur1998">Price, Friedland & Vinokur 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFromm1995">Fromm 1995</a>, p. ?.<br />You can see Fromm discussing these ideas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7GpHrdXOFI">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuttner1997">Kuttner 1997</a>, pp. 153–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAblett1991">Ablett 1991</a>, pp. 15–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">quoted by Jose Peirats, The CNT in the Spanish Revolution, vol. 2, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gramsci, A. (1992) <i>Prison Notebooks</i>. New York : Columbia University Press, pp. 233–38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Harriet H. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/robinson-lowell.asp">Early Factory Labor in New England</a>," in Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor, Fourteenth Annual Report (Boston: Wright & Potter, 1883), pp. 38082, 38788, 39192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmidt2000">Schmidt 2000</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTedrow2007" class="citation web cs1">Tedrow, Matt (July 4, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zcommunications.org/parecon-and-anarcho-syndicalism-an-interview-with-michael-albert-by-michael-albert">"Parecon and Anarcho-Syndicalism: An Interview with Michael Albert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ZNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZNet">ZNet</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parecon+and+Anarcho-Syndicalism%3A+An+Interview+with+Michael+Albert&rft.pub=ZNet&rft.date=2007-07-04&rft.aulast=Tedrow&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zcommunications.org%2Fparecon-and-anarcho-syndicalism-an-interview-with-michael-albert-by-michael-albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrenreich2009">Ehrenreich 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ehrenreich_2011-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrenreich_2011_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrenreich_2011_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrenreich2011">Ehrenreich 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2009">Klein 2009</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yq_WAUXqRAEC&pg=PA232">232</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClelland" class="citation journal cs1">McClelland, Mac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/02/mac-mcclelland-free-online-shipping-warehouses-labor">"I Was a Warehouse Wage Slave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></i> (March/April 2012)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=I+Was+a+Warehouse+Wage+Slave&rft.issue=March%2FApril+2012&rft.aulast=McClelland&rft.aufirst=Mac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F02%2Fmac-mcclelland-free-online-shipping-warehouses-labor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteuben1950">Steuben 1950</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChomsky2002">Chomsky 2002</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5Ouy4XoXPsC&pg=PA229">229</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"As long as politics is the shadow cast on society by big business, the attenuation of the shadow will not change the substance", in "The Need for a New Party" (1931), Later Works 6, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1995">Ferguson 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky1976" class="citation web cs1">Chomsky, Noam (July 25, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/19760725.htm">"The Relevance of Anarcho-syndicalism"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Relevance+of+Anarcho-syndicalism&rft.date=1976-07-25&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chomsky.info%2Finterviews%2F19760725.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chomsky-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chomsky_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2007" class="citation web cs1">Chomsky, Noam (September 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/20070921.htm">"A Revolution is Just Below the Surface"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Revolution+is+Just+Below+the+Surface&rft.date=2007-09-21&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chomsky.info%2Finterviews%2F20070921.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHauser2006">Hauser 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3740467851698161135">"On Just War Theory at West Point Academy: Hauser's theories "could some day provide foundations for a more substantive theory of just war," expanding on some of the existing legal "codifications of these intuitive judgments" that are regularly disregarded by elite power structures. (min 26–30)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Just+War+Theory+at+West+Point+Academy%3A+Hauser%27s+theories+%22could+some+day+provide+foundations+for+a+more+substantive+theory+of+just+war%2C%22+expanding+on+some+of+the+existing+legal+%22codifications+of+these+intuitive+judgments%22+that+are+regularly+disregarded+by+elite+power+structures.+%28min+26%E2%80%9330%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.google.com%2Fvideoplay%3Fdocid%3D-3740467851698161135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chomsky_2004-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chomsky_2004_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky,_Noam2004" class="citation web cs1">Chomsky, Noam (July 14, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/20040714.htm">"Interview"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview&rft.date=2004-07-14&rft.au=Chomsky%2C+Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chomsky.info%2Finterviews%2F20040714.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510073028/http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionE">"An Anarchist FAQ Section E – What do anarchists think causes ecological problems?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionE">the original</a> on May 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Anarchist+FAQ+Section+E+%E2%80%93+What+do+anarchists+think+causes+ecological+problems%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoshop.org%2Fpage%2FAnarchistFAQSectionE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBookchin1990">Bookchin 1990</a>, p. 44; <a href="#CITEREFBookchin2001">Bookchin 2001</a>, pp. 1–20; <a href="#CITEREFClark1983">Clark 1983</a>, p. 114; <a href="#CITEREFClark2004">Clark 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllerman2005">Ellerman 2005</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllerman2005">Ellerman 2005</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllerman2005">Ellerman 2005</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120120938/http://www.ellerman.org/Davids-Stuff/Econ%26Pol-Econ/Inalienable-rights-and-contracts.pdf">"Ellerman, David, <i>Inalienable Rights and Contracts</i>, 21"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ellerman.org/Davids-Stuff/Econ&Pol-Econ/Inalienable-rights-and-contracts.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ellerman%2C+David%2C+Inalienable+Rights+and+Contracts%2C+21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fellerman.org%2FDavids-Stuff%2FEcon%26Pol-Econ%2FInalienable-rights-and-contracts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllerman2005">Ellerman 2005</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRothbard2009">Rothbard 2009</a>, p. 164 n.34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMankiw2012">Mankiw 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMises1996">Mises 1996</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/humanaction/pdf/ha_10.pdf">194–99</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBober2007">Bober 2007</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qb47lG7sf4AC&pg=PA41">41–42</a>. See also <a href="#CITEREFKeenc._1990">Keen c. 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foner,_Eric_1998._p._66-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foner,_Eric_1998._p._66_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foner, Eric. 1998. <i>The Story of American Freedom</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNall_95-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNall_95_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNall2002" class="citation book cs1">McNall, Scott G.; et al. (2002). <i>Current Perspectives in Social Theory</i>. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7623-0762-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7623-0762-3"><bdi>978-0-7623-0762-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Perspectives+in+Social+Theory&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7623-0762-3&rft.aulast=McNall&rft.aufirst=Scott+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglass, Frederick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/threeaddresseson00dougrich/threeaddresseson00dougrich_djvu.txt"><i>Three Addresses on the Relations Subsisting Between the White and Colored People of the United States</i></a>. p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_KdrTfTxqvgC&pg=PA183">p.181-184 Democracy's Discontent By Michael J. Sandel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellerman, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ellerman.org/Davids-Stuff/Econ&Pol-Econ/translatio-v-concessio-P-and-S-final.pdf"><i>Translatio versus Concessio</i></a>. p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mises.org/journals/jls/17_2/17_2_3.pdf">"Toward a Libertarian Theory of Inalienability: A Critique of Rothbard, Barnett, Smith, Kinsella, Gordon, and Epstein"</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAblett1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noah_Ablett" title="Noah Ablett">Ablett, Noah</a> (1991) [1912]. <a href="/wiki/The_Miners%27_Next_Step" title="The Miners' Next Step"><i>The Miners' Next Step</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Books">Phoenix Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-948984-21-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-948984-21-1"><bdi>978-0-948984-21-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Miners%27+Next+Step&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-948984-21-1&rft.aulast=Ablett&rft.aufirst=Noah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvineri1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Avineri" title="Shlomo Avineri">Avineri, Shlomo</a> (1968). <i>The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09619-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09619-5"><bdi>978-0-521-09619-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+and+Political+Thought+of+Karl+Marx&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09619-5&rft.aulast=Avineri&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBober2007" class="citation book cs1">Bober, Stanley (2007). "Marxian economics: its philosophy, message, and contemporary relevance". In Mathew Forstater; Gary Mongiovi; <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pressman_(economist)" title="Steven Pressman (economist)">Steven Pressman</a> (eds.). <i>Post Keynesian Macroeconomics: Essays in Honour of Ingrid Rima</i>. Abingdon and New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77231-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77231-0"><bdi>978-0-415-77231-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marxian+economics%3A+its+philosophy%2C+message%2C+and+contemporary+relevance&rft.btitle=Post+Keynesian+Macroeconomics%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Ingrid+Rima&rft.place=Abingdon+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-77231-0&rft.aulast=Bober&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBookchin1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin, Murray</a> (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/remakingsocietyp00book"><i>Remaking Society</i></a></span>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-372-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-372-1"><bdi>978-0-89608-372-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remaking+Society&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-372-1&rft.aulast=Bookchin&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fremakingsocietyp00book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBookchin2001" class="citation book cs1">Bookchin, Murray (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whichwayforecolo0000book"><i>Which Way for the Ecology Movement?</i></a></span>. Oakland, CA: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-26-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873176-26-9"><bdi>978-1-873176-26-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Way+for+the+Ecology+Movement%3F&rft.place=Oakland%2C+CA&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-873176-26-9&rft.aulast=Bookchin&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhichwayforecolo0000book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendel1971" class="citation web cs1">Brendel, Cajo (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/brendel/1971/kronstadt.htm">"Kronstadt: Proletarian Spin-off of the Russian Revolution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marxists_Internet_Archive" title="Marxists Internet Archive">Marxists Internet Archive</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kronstadt%3A+Proletarian+Spin-off+of+the+Russian+Revolution&rft.pub=Marxists+Internet+Archive&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Brendel&rft.aufirst=Cajo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fbrendel%2F1971%2Fkronstadt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarsel1940" class="citation journal cs1">Carsel, Wilfred (1940). "The Slaveholders' Indictment of Northern Wage Slavery". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Southern_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Southern History">Journal of Southern History</a></i>. <b>6</b> (4): 504–520. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2192167">10.2307/2192167</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2192167">2192167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southern+History&rft.atitle=The+Slaveholders%27+Indictment+of+Northern+Wage+Slavery&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=504-520&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2192167&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2192167%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Carsel&rft.aufirst=Wilfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky1986" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky, Noam</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s3.amazonaws.com/xlsuite_production/assets/9349007/VOL_17_02.pdf">"The Soviet Union Versus Socialism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Generation_(journal)" title="Our Generation (journal)">Our Generation</a></i>. <b>17</b> (2): 47–52<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Our+Generation&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Union+Versus+Socialism&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=47-52&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Fxlsuite_production%2Fassets%2F9349007%2FVOL_17_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky1993" class="citation book cs1">Chomsky, Noam (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.zcommunications.org/chomsky/year/year-overview.html"><i>Year 501: The Conquest Continues</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86091-406-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86091-406-8"><bdi>978-0-86091-406-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Year+501%3A+The+Conquest+Continues&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-86091-406-8&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.zcommunications.org%2Fchomsky%2Fyear%2Fyear-overview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2000" class="citation book cs1">Chomsky, Noam (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roguestatesruleo00chom"><i>Rogue States: The Rule of Force in World Affairs</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-612-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-612-8"><bdi>978-0-89608-612-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rogue+States%3A+The+Rule+of+Force+in+World+Affairs&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-612-8&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froguestatesruleo00chom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2002" class="citation book cs1">Chomsky, Noam (2002). C.P. Otero (ed.). <i>Chomsky on Democracy and Education</i>. London and New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">RoutledgeFalmer</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92631-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92631-7"><bdi>978-0-415-92631-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chomsky+on+Democracy+and+Education&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=RoutledgeFalmer&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-92631-7&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2011" class="citation book cs1">Chomsky, Noam (2011) [1999]. <a href="/wiki/Profit_over_People:_Neoliberalism_and_Global_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order"><i>Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-888363-82-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-888363-82-1"><bdi>978-1-888363-82-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profit+over+People%3A+Neoliberalism+and+Global+Order&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-888363-82-1&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1983" class="citation book cs1">Clark, John (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchistmomentr0000clar"><i>The Anarchist Moment: Reflections on Culture, Nature and Power</i></a>. Montreal: <a href="/wiki/Black_Rose_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Rose Books">Black Rose Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920057-08-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920057-08-7"><bdi>978-0-920057-08-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anarchist+Moment%3A+Reflections+on+Culture%2C+Nature+and+Power&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-920057-08-7&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanarchistmomentr0000clar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2004" class="citation book cs1">Clark, John (2004) [1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/john-clark-a-social-ecology.pdf">"A Social Ecology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Michael E. Zimmerman; et al. (eds.). <i>Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology</i> (4th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Pearson_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson PLC">Pearson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-112695-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-112695-4"><bdi>978-0-13-112695-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Social+Ecology&rft.btitle=Environmental+Philosophy%3A+From+Animal+Rights+to+Radical+Ecology&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-13-112695-4&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2Flibrary%2Fjohn-clark-a-social-ecology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Grand2004" class="citation book cs1">De Grand, Alexander J. (2004) [1995]. <i>Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: The 'Fascist' Style of Rule</i> (2nd ed.). London and New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-33629-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-33629-1"><bdi>978-0-415-33629-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascist+Italy+and+Nazi+Germany%3A+The+%27Fascist%27+Style+of+Rule&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-33629-1&rft.aulast=De+Grand&rft.aufirst=Alexander+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass1886" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Frederick (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threeaddresseson00dougrich"><i>Three addresses on the relations subsisting between the white and colored people of the United States</i></a>. Washington [D.C.] : Gibson bros., printers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1085619161">1085619161</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-79-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940450-79-0"><bdi>978-0-940450-79-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglass%3A+The+Autobiographies&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Library+of+America&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-940450-79-0&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2000" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Frederick (2000). Philip S. Foner, Yuval Taylor (ed.). <i>Frederick Douglass: Selected Speeches and Writings</i>. Chicago Review Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61374-147-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61374-147-4"><bdi>978-1-61374-147-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frederick+Douglass%3A+Selected+Speeches+and+Writings&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-61374-147-4&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurhamKellner2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Gigi_Durham" title="Meenakshi Gigi Durham">Durham, Meenakshi Gigi</a>; Kellner, Douglas M., eds. (2012) [2001]. <i>Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks</i> (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-65808-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-65808-6"><bdi>978-0-470-65808-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Media+and+Cultural+Studies%3A+Keyworks&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-470-65808-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenreich2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ehrenreich" title="Barbara Ehrenreich">Ehrenreich, Barbara</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brightsidedhowre00ehre"><i>Bright-Sided: How Positive Thinking Is Undermining America</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8749-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8749-9"><bdi>978-0-8050-8749-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bright-Sided%3A+How+Positive+Thinking+Is+Undermining+America&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-8749-9&rft.aulast=Ehrenreich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrightsidedhowre00ehre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenreich2011" class="citation book cs1">Ehrenreich, Barbara (2011) [2001]. <i>Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America</i> (10th anniversary ed.). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-62668-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-62668-6"><bdi>978-0-312-62668-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nickel+and+Dimed%3A+On+%28Not%29+Getting+By+in+America&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=10th+anniversary&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-312-62668-6&rft.aulast=Ehrenreich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllerman1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Ellerman" title="David Ellerman">Ellerman, David P.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ellerman.org/Davids-Stuff/Books/P&C-Book.pdf"><i>Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Blackwell</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-309-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55786-309-6"><bdi>978-1-55786-309-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Property+and+Contract+in+Economics%3A+The+Case+for+Economic+Democracy&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55786-309-6&rft.aulast=Ellerman&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ellerman.org%2FDavids-Stuff%2FBooks%2FP%26C-Book.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllerman2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ellerman, David P. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ellerman.org/Davids-Stuff/Econ&Pol-Econ/translatio-v-concessio-P-and-S-final.pdf">"Translatio versus Concessio: Retrieving the Debate about Contracts of Alienation with an Application to Today's Employment Contract"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politics_%26_Society" title="Politics & Society">Politics & Society</a></i>. <b>33</b> (3): 449–480. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0032329205278463">10.1177/0032329205278463</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158624143">158624143</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Translatio+versus+Concessio%3A+Retrieving+the+Debate+about+Contracts+of+Alienation+with+an+Application+to+Today%27s+Employment+Contract&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=449-480&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0032329205278463&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158624143%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ellerman&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fellerman.org%2FDavids-Stuff%2FEcon%26Pol-Econ%2Ftranslatio-v-concessio-P-and-S-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngels1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels, Friedrich</a> (1969) [1847]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm">"The Principles of Communism"</a>. <i>Marx & Engels: Selected Works, Volume I</i>. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Progress_Publishers" title="Progress Publishers">Progress Publishers</a>. pp. 81–97<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Principles+of+Communism&rft.btitle=Marx+%26+Engels%3A+Selected+Works%2C+Volume+I&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=81-97&rft.pub=Progress+Publishers&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Engels&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmarx%2Fworks%2F1847%2F11%2Fprin-com.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_(academic)" title="Thomas Ferguson (academic)">Ferguson, Thomas</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldenruleinvest00ferg"><i>Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems</i></a>. Chicago, IL: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-24316-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-24316-0"><bdi>978-0-226-24316-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golden+Rule%3A+The+Investment+Theory+of+Party+Competition+and+the+Logic+of+Money-Driven+Political+Systems&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-226-24316-0&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldenruleinvest00ferg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzhugh1857" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Fitzhugh" title="George Fitzhugh">Fitzhugh, George</a> (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ECdb7EjiBnEC"><i>Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters</i></a>. Richmond, VA: A. Morris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-1643-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-1643-8"><bdi>978-1-4290-1643-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannibals+All%21+or%2C+Slaves+Without+Masters&rft.place=Richmond%2C+VA&rft.pub=A.+Morris&rft.date=1857&rft.isbn=978-1-4290-1643-8&rft.aulast=Fitzhugh&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DECdb7EjiBnEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFogel1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Fogel" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert William Fogel">Fogel, Robert William</a> (1994) [1992]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780393312195"><i>Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery</i></a></span>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31219-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31219-5"><bdi>978-0-393-31219-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Without+Consent+or+Contract%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+American+Slavery&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31219-5&rft.aulast=Fogel&rft.aufirst=Robert+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780393312195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Foner, Eric</a> (1995) [1970]. <i>Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War</i>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509497-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509497-8"><bdi>978-0-19-509497-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free+Soil%2C+Free+Labor%2C+Free+Men%3A+The+Ideology+of+the+Republican+Party+before+the+Civil+War&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509497-8&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner1998" class="citation book cs1">Foner, Eric (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofamericanf00fone"><i>The Story of American Freedom</i></a></span>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7567-5804-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7567-5804-2"><bdi>978-0-7567-5804-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+American+Freedom&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7567-5804-2&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofamericanf00fone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFromm1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm, Erich</a> (1995) [1976]. <a href="/wiki/To_Have_or_to_Be%3F" title="To Have or to Be?"><i>To Have or to Be?</i></a>. London and New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1738-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1738-1"><bdi>978-0-8264-1738-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Have+or+to+Be%3F&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1738-1&rft.aulast=Fromm&rft.aufirst=Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George, Henry</a> (1981) [1883]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113212549/http://schalkenbach.org/library/henry-george/social-problems/spcont.html"><i>Social Problems</i></a>. New York, NY: Robert Schalkenbach Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://schalkenbach.org/library/henry-george/social-problems/spcont.html">the original</a> on January 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Problems&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Robert+Schalkenbach+Foundation&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fschalkenbach.org%2Flibrary%2Fhenry-george%2Fsocial-problems%2Fspcont.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman, Emma</a> (2003). Candace Falk; et al. (eds.). <i>Emma Goldman: A Documentary History of the American Years, Volume I: Made for America, 1890–1901</i>. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08670-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08670-8"><bdi>978-0-520-08670-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emma+Goldman%3A+A+Documentary+History+of+the+American+Years%2C+Volume+I%3A+Made+for+America%2C+1890%E2%80%931901&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08670-8&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Emma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraeber2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber, David</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/Fragments_of_an_Anarchist_Anthropology" title="Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology"><i>Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology</i></a>. Chicago, IL: <a href="/wiki/Prickly_Paradigm_Press" title="Prickly Paradigm Press">Prickly Paradigm Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9728196-4-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9728196-4-0"><bdi>978-0-9728196-4-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fragments+of+an+Anarchist+Anthropology&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=Prickly+Paradigm+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9728196-4-0&rft.aulast=Graeber&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraeber2011" class="citation book cs1">Graeber, David (2011). <a href="/wiki/Debt:_The_First_5,000_Years" title="Debt: The First 5,000 Years"><i>Debt: The First 5,000 Years</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Melville_House_Publishing" title="Melville House Publishing">Melville House Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933633-86-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933633-86-2"><bdi>978-1-933633-86-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debt%3A+The+First+5%2C000+Years&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Melville+House+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-933633-86-2&rft.aulast=Graeber&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graham_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Graham (historian)">Graham, Robert</a>, ed. (2005). <a href="/wiki/Anarchism:_A_Documentary_History_of_Libertarian_Ideas" title="Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas"><i>Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas, Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE to 1939)</i></a>. Montreal: <a href="/wiki/Black_Rose_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Rose Books">Black Rose Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55164-251-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55164-251-2"><bdi>978-1-55164-251-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+A+Documentary+History+of+Libertarian+Ideas%2C+Volume+One%3A+From+Anarchy+to+Anarchism+%28300CE+to+1939%29&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55164-251-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallgrimsdottirBenoit2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hallgrimsdottir, Helga Kristin; Benoit, Cecilia (2007). "From Wage Slaves to Wage Workers: Cultural Opportunity Structures and the Evolution of the Wage Demands of the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor, 1880–1900". <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Forces" title="Social Forces">Social Forces</a></i>. <b>85</b> (3): 1393–411. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsof.2007.0037">10.1353/sof.2007.0037</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4494978">4494978</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154551793">154551793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=From+Wage+Slaves+to+Wage+Workers%3A+Cultural+Opportunity+Structures+and+the+Evolution+of+the+Wage+Demands+of+the+Knights+of+Labor+and+the+American+Federation+of+Labor%2C+1880%E2%80%931900&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1393-411&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154551793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4494978%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsof.2007.0037&rft.aulast=Hallgrimsdottir&rft.aufirst=Helga+Kristin&rft.au=Benoit%2C+Cecilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauser2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Hauser" title="Marc Hauser">Hauser, Marc</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/Moral_Minds" title="Moral Minds"><i>Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Ecco_Press" title="Ecco Press">Ecco</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078070-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078070-8"><bdi>978-0-06-078070-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moral+Minds%3A+How+Nature+Designed+Our+Universal+Sense+of+Right+and+Wrong&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Ecco&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-06-078070-8&rft.aulast=Hauser&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofman_Öjermark2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hofman Öjermark, May, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_099048.pdf">"Promoting safe and healthy jobs: The ILO Global Programme on Safety, Health and the Environment (SafeWork)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World of Work</i>. <b>63</b>: 4–11. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1020-0010">1020-0010</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+of+Work&rft.atitle=Promoting+safe+and+healthy+jobs%3A+The+ILO+Global+Programme+on+Safety%2C+Health+and+the+Environment+%28SafeWork%29&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=4-11&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1020-0010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fwcmsp5%2Fgroups%2Fpublic%2F---dgreports%2F---dcomm%2Fdocuments%2Fpublication%2Fwcms_099048.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Jensen" title="Derrick Jensen">Jensen, Derrick</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Make_Believe" class="mw-redirect" title="The Culture of Make Believe"><i>The Culture of Make Believe</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Beau_Friedlander" title="Beau Friedlander">Context Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893956-28-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893956-28-5"><bdi>978-1-893956-28-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Make+Believe&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Context+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-893956-28-5&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Derrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeenc._1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Keen" title="Steve Keen">Keen, Steve</a> (c. 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/105013486/Keen-Marx-Thesis"><i>The Demise of the Labor Theory of Value</i></a>. 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New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Picador_(imprint)" title="Picador (imprint)">Picador</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42927-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42927-0"><bdi>978-0-312-42927-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Logo&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=10th+anniversary&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-312-42927-0&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolko1962" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Kolko, Gabriel</a> (1962). 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New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58392-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-58392-1"><bdi>978-0-394-58392-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everything+for+Sale%3A+the+Virtues+and+Limits+of+Markets&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-394-58392-1&rft.aulast=Kuttner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feverythingforsal00kutt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurie1997" class="citation book cs1">Laurie, Bruce (1997) [1989]. <i>Artisans into Workers: Labor in Nineteenth-Century America</i>. 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Gregory</a> (2012). <i>Macroeconomics</i> (8th ed.). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Worth_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Worth Publishers">Worth Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4292-4002-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4292-4002-4"><bdi>978-1-4292-4002-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macroeconomics&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Worth+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4292-4002-4&rft.aulast=Mankiw&rft.aufirst=N.+Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargoSteckel1982" class="citation journal cs1">Margo, Robert A.; <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Steckel" title="Richard H. 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"The Heights of American Slaves: New Evidence on Slave Nutrition and Health". <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_History" title="Social Science History">Social Science History</a></i>. <b>6</b> (4): 516–538. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1170974">10.2307/1170974</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1170974">1170974</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11633200">11633200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+History&rft.atitle=The+Heights+of+American+Slaves%3A+New+Evidence+on+Slave+Nutrition+and+Health&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=516-538&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11633200&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1170974%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1170974&rft.aulast=Margo&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft.au=Steckel%2C+Richard+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarx1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx, Karl</a> (1959) [1844]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/needs.htm">"Third Manuscript; Human Requirements and Division of Labour Under the Rule of Private Property"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Philosophic_Manuscripts_of_1844" title="Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844"><i>Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844</i></a>. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044568-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044568-8"><bdi>978-0-14-044568-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital%2C+Volume+I&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-14-044568-8&rft.aulast=Marx&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf2005" class="citation book cs1">Metcalf, Alida (2005). <i>Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil</i>. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Press" title="Freedom Press">Freedom Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-900384-91-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-900384-91-2"><bdi>978-0-900384-91-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tradition+of+Workers%27+Control&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Freedom+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-900384-91-2&rft.aulast=Ostergaard&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlman2002" class="citation book cs1">Perlman, Fredy (2002). <i>The Reproduction of Daily Life</i>. Detroit, MI: Black & Red. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-934868-17-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-934868-17-4"><bdi>978-0-934868-17-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reproduction+of+Daily+Life&rft.place=Detroit%2C+MI&rft.pub=Black+%26+Red&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-934868-17-4&rft.aulast=Perlman&rft.aufirst=Fredy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriceFriedlandVinokur1998" class="citation book cs1">Price, Richard H.; Friedland, Daniel S.; Vinokur, Anuram D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isr.umich.edu/src/seh/mprc/Job%20Loss%20Hard%20times%20and%20eroded%20identity.pdf">"Job Loss: Hard Times and Eroded Identity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In John H. Harvey (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perspectivesonlo0000unse/page/303"><i>Perspectives on Loss: A Sourcebook</i></a>. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perspectivesonlo0000unse/page/303">303–316</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87630-909-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87630-909-4"><bdi>978-0-87630-909-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Job+Loss%3A+Hard+Times+and+Eroded+Identity&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Loss%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=303-316&rft.pub=Brunner%2FMazel&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87630-909-4&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft.au=Friedland%2C+Daniel+S.&rft.au=Vinokur%2C+Anuram+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isr.umich.edu%2Fsrc%2Fseh%2Fmprc%2FJob%2520Loss%2520Hard%2520times%2520and%2520eroded%2520identity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProudhon1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph</a> (1890) [1840]. <a href="/wiki/What_Is_Property%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="What Is Property?"><i>What Is Property? or, An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government</i></a>. New York, NY: Humboldt Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Property%3F+or%2C+An+Inquiry+into+the+Principle+of+Right+and+of+Government&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Humboldt+Publishing&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Proudhon&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoediger2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Roediger" title="David Roediger">Roediger, David</a> (2007) [1991]. <i>The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class</i> (revised and expanded ed.). London and New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-126-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-126-7"><bdi>978-1-84467-126-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wages+of+Whiteness%3A+Race+and+the+Making+of+the+American+Working+Class&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=revised+and+expanded&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84467-126-7&rft.aulast=Roediger&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray N.</a> (2009) [1962, 1970]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/Books/mespm.PDF"><i>Man, Economy, and State with Power and Markets</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (2nd ed.). Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-27-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-27-5"><bdi>978-1-933550-27-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%2C+Economy%2C+and+State+with+Power+and+Markets&rft.place=Auburn%2C+AL&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-933550-27-5&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2FBooks%2Fmespm.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandel1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandel" title="Michael Sandel">Sandel, Michael J.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/democracysdiscon0000sand"><i>Democracy's Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Belknap_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Belknap Press">Belknap Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-19744-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-19744-2"><bdi>978-0-674-19744-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%27s+Discontent%3A+America+in+Search+of+a+Public+Philosophy&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-674-19744-2&rft.aulast=Sandel&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdemocracysdiscon0000sand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Schmidt_(writer)" title="Jeff Schmidt (writer)">Schmidt, Jeff</a> (2000). <a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Minds" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplined Minds"><i>Disciplined Minds</i></a>. Lanham, MD: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9364-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9364-1"><bdi>978-0-8476-9364-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disciplined+Minds&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9364-1&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_M._Smith" title="Mark M. Smith">Smith, Mark M.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/debatingslaverye00smit"><i>Debating Slavery: Economy and Society in the Antebellum American South</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57158-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57158-6"><bdi>978-0-521-57158-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debating+Slavery%3A+Economy+and+Society+in+the+Antebellum+American+South&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57158-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdebatingslaverye00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteuben1950" class="citation book cs1">Steuben, John (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strikestrategy00steurich"><i>Strike Strategy</i></a>. New York, NY: Gaer Associates<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strike+Strategy&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Gaer+Associates&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Steuben&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrikestrategy00steurich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakala2005" class="citation cs1">Takala, J., ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/2005/105B09_281_engl.pdf"><i>Introductory Report: Decent Work – Safe Work</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. XVIIth World Congress on Safety and Health at Work. Geneva: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="International Labour Office">International Labour Office</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-2-117751-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-2-117751-7"><bdi>978-92-2-117751-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Report%3A+Decent+Work+%E2%80%93+Safe+Work&rft.place=Geneva&rft.series=XVIIth+World+Congress+on+Safety+and+Health+at+Work&rft.pub=International+Labour+Office&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-92-2-117751-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fpublic%2Flibdoc%2Filo%2F2005%2F105B09_281_engl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson, E. P.</a> (1966) [1963]. <a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class" title="The Making of the English Working Class"><i>The Making of the English Working Class</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-70322-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-70322-0"><bdi>978-0-394-70322-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+English+Working+Class&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-394-70322-0&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThoreau2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau, Henry David</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden"><i>Walden</i></a> (Fully annotated ed.). New Haven, CT: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10466-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10466-0"><bdi>978-0-300-10466-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walden&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.edition=Fully+annotated&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10466-0&rft.aulast=Thoreau&rft.aufirst=Henry+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThyeLawler2006" class="citation book cs1">Thye, Shane R.; Lawler, Edward J., eds. (2006). <i>Social Psychology of the Workplace</i>. Advances in Group Processes. Vol. 23. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">JAI Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7623-1330-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7623-1330-3"><bdi>978-0-7623-1330-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Psychology+of+the+Workplace&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Advances+in+Group+Processes&rft.pub=JAI+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7623-1330-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeininger2002" class="citation book cs1">Weininger, Elliot B. (2002). "Class and Causation in Bourdieu". In Jennifer M. Lehmann (ed.). <i>Bringing Capitalism Back For Critique By Social Theory</i>. Current Perspectives in Social Theory. Vol. 21. Bingley: <a href="/wiki/Emerald_Group_Publishing" title="Emerald Group Publishing">Emerald Group Publishing</a>. pp. 49–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7623-0762-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7623-0762-3"><bdi>978-0-7623-0762-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Class+and+Causation+in+Bourdieu&rft.btitle=Bringing+Capitalism+Back+For+Critique+By+Social+Theory&rft.place=Bingley&rft.series=Current+Perspectives+in+Social+Theory&rft.pages=49-114&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7623-0762-3&rft.aulast=Weininger&rft.aufirst=Elliot+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWage+slavery" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poverty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Concentrated_poverty" title="Concentrated poverty">Concentrated poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_poverty" title="Cost of poverty">Cost of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_poverty" title="Disability and poverty">Disability and poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_poverty" title="Climate change and poverty">Climate change and poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">Child poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_poverty" title="Chronic poverty">Chronic poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_of_poverty" title="Cycle of poverty">Cycle of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precarity" title="Precarity">Precarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income">Guaranteed minimum income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Universal basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basic_income_models" title="List of basic income models">List of basic income models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">Poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Vulnerability_Index" title="Homeless Vulnerability Index">Homeless Vulnerability Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misery_index_(economics)" title="Misery index (economics)">Misery index (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuine_progress_indicator" title="Genuine progress indicator">Genuine progress indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legatum_Prosperity_Index" title="Legatum Prosperity Index">Legatum Prosperity Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_gap_index" title="Poverty gap index">Poverty gap index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_Poverty_Index" title="Multidimensional Poverty Index">Multidimensional Poverty Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Index_of_Multiple_Deprivation" title="Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation">Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">Working poor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Precariat" title="Precariat">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeter" title="Freeter">Freeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">Underemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McJob" title="McJob">McJob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea-pickers" title="Pea-pickers">Pea-picker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menial_job" title="Menial job">Menial job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">Domestic worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_theft" title="Wage theft">Wage theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">Sweatshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precarious_work" title="Precarious work">Precarious work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare">Workfare</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serfdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">Indentured servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_servitude" title="Involuntary servitude">Involuntary servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Debt bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">Peonage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Algeria" title="Poverty in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Ethiopia" title="Poverty in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Kenya" title="Poverty in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Namibia" title="Poverty in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Niger" title="Poverty in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Nigeria" title="Poverty in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Tanzania" title="Poverty in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Uganda" title="Poverty in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Afghanistan" title="Poverty in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cambodia" title="Poverty in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_East_Timor" title="Poverty in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Indonesia" title="Poverty in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Japan" title="Poverty in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Lebanon" title="Poverty in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_North_Korea" title="Poverty in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Korea" title="Poverty in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Poverty in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Yemen" title="Poverty in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_France" title="Poverty in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Germany" title="Poverty in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Moldova" title="Poverty in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Norway" title="Poverty in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Poland" title="Poverty in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Romania" title="Poverty in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Turkey" title="Poverty in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Ukraine" title="Poverty in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Haiti" title="Poverty in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Mexico" title="Poverty in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Peru" title="Poverty in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_poverty" title="Theories of poverty">Theories of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_culture" title="Welfare culture">Welfare culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_trap" title="Welfare trap">Welfare trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare%27s_effect_on_poverty" title="Welfare's effect on poverty">Welfare's effect on poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_welfare" title="Criticism of welfare">Criticism of welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellness_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellness (medicine)">Wellness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Quality of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-perceived_quality-of-life_scale" title="Self-perceived quality-of-life scale">Self-perceived quality-of-life scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_well-being" title="Subjective well-being">Subjective well-being</a> (SWB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_(psychological)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (psychological)">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_poverty" title="Rural poverty">Rural access issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providing_Urban_Amenities_to_Rural_Areas" title="Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas">Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-materialism">Post-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen%27s_parade" title="Pen's parade">Pen's parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_poverty" title="Culture of poverty">Culture of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_poverty" title="Causes of poverty">Causes of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">List of global issues</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_poverty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diseases_of_poverty" title="Template:Diseases of poverty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diseases_of_poverty" title="Template talk:Diseases of poverty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases_of_poverty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diseases of poverty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_poverty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">Measles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">Diarrheal diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">Plague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neglected_tropical_diseases" title="Neglected tropical diseases">Neglected diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">Cholera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagas_disease" title="Chagas disease">Chagas disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis" title="African trypanosomiasis">African sleeping sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schistosomiasis" title="Schistosomiasis">Schistosomiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracunculiasis" title="Dracunculiasis">Dracunculiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">River blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis" title="Visceral leishmaniasis">Leishmaniasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachoma" title="Trachoma">Trachoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">Malnutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_review" title="Priority review">Priority review voucher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty" title="List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty">List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Deprivation_Indicators" title="Template:Deprivation Indicators">Deprivation and poverty indicators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anarchism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism" title="Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism" title="Template talk:Anarchism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarchism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li>Wage slavery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></b></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Critique_of_work" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Critique_of_work" title="Template:Critique of work"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Critique_of_work" title="Template talk:Critique of work"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Critique_of_work" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Critique of work"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Critique_of_work" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_M._Bonanno" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo M. Bonanno">Alfredo M. Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gorz" title="André Gorz">André Gorz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">Bob Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Anders" title="Günther Anders">Günther Anders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Illich" title="Ivan Illich">Ivan Illich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lafargue" title="Paul Lafargue">Paul Lafargue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Antonio Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rubin" title="Jerry Rubin">Jerry Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Pieper" title="Josef Pieper">Josef Pieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Vaneigem" title="Raoul Vaneigem">Raoul Vaneigem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renzo_Novatore" title="Renzo Novatore">Renzo Novatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo_d%27Axa" title="Zo d'Axa">Zo d'Axa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Berardi" title="Franco Berardi">Franco Berardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Susan_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Susan Brown">L. Susan Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Bunting" title="Madeleine Bunting">Madeleine Bunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">David Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hardt" title="Michael Hardt">Michael Hardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Lazzarato" title="Maurizio Lazzarato">Maurizio Lazzarato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Peter_Ortlieb" title="Claus Peter Ortlieb">Claus Peter Ortlieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Paulsen" title="Roland Paulsen">Roland Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Rifkin" title="Jeremy Rifkin">Jeremy Rifkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Rosemont" title="Penelope Rosemont">Penelope Rosemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Slouka" title="Mark Slouka">Mark Slouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Srnicek" title="Nick Srnicek">Nick Srnicek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Wolfe" title="Claire Wolfe">Claire Wolfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">John Zerzan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology and related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/996_working_hour_system" title="996 working hour system">996 working hour system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absenteeism" title="Absenteeism">Absenteeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abusive_supervision" title="Abusive supervision">Abusive supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_Arbeitsscheu_Reich" title="Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich">Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_work_and_no_play_makes_Jack_a_dull_boy" title="All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy">All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_minimum_Monday" title="Bare minimum Monday">Bare minimum Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullshit_job" title="Bullshit job">Bullshit job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_badging" title="Coffee badging">Coffee badging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatocracy" title="Corporatocracy">Corporatocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_of_poverty" title="Cycle of poverty">Cycle of poverty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolce_far_niente" title="Dolce far niente">Dolce far niente</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_overtime" title="Effects of overtime">Effects of overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employee_ghosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee ghosting">Employee ghosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_through_labour" title="Extermination through labour">Extermination through labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Career_cushioning" title="Career cushioning">Career cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careerism" title="Careerism">Careerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flextime" title="Flextime">Flextime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-day_workweek" title="Four-day workweek">Four-day workweek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funemployment" title="Funemployment">Funemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_job" title="Ghost job">Ghost job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uberisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Uberisation">Uberisation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cliff" title="Glass cliff">Glass cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_economics" title="Happiness economics">Happiness economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon-hangover_effect" title="Honeymoon-hangover effect">Honeymoon-hangover effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hush_trip" title="Hush trip">Hush trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_crafting" title="Job crafting">Job crafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_cuffing" title="Job cuffing">Job cuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobless_employed" title="Jobless employed">Jobless employed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoshi" title="Karoshi">Karoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loud_quitting" title="Loud quitting">Loud quitting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neijuan" title="Neijuan">Neijuan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Occupational burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">Occupational stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A._suicides" title="Orange S.A. suicides">Orange S.A. suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwork" title="Overwork">Overwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_punishment" title="Performance punishment">Performance punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-work_society" title="Post-work society">Post-work society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precariat" title="Precariat">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presenteeism" title="Presenteeism">Presenteeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_presenteeism" title="Digital presenteeism">Digital presenteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivity_theater" title="Productivity theater">Productivity theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_abuse" title="Professional abuse">Professional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_safety" title="Psychological safety">Psychological safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_quitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick quitting">Quick quitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_hiring" title="Quiet hiring">Quiet hiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_promotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet promotion">Quiet promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_quitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet quitting">Quiet quitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_thriving" title="Quiet thriving">Quiet thriving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_girl_job" title="Lazy girl job">Lazy girl job</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_applying" title="Rage applying">Rage applying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resenteeism" title="Resenteeism">Resenteeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_rest_and_leisure" title="Right to rest and leisure">Right to rest and leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampo_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampo generation">Sampo generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_scaries" title="Sunday scaries">Sunday scaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-hour_day" title="Six-hour day">Six-hour day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tang_ping" title="Tang ping">Tang ping</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">Technological unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">Narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopathy_in_the_workplace" title="Psychopathy in the workplace">Psychopathy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_ethic" title="Work ethic">Work ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workaholic" title="Workaholic">Workaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">Working poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theater, movies, music and art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_Nous_la_Libert%C3%A9" title="À Nous la Liberté">À Nous la Liberté</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Office_Space" title="Office Space">Office Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Public_Freedom_Service" title="Swedish Public Freedom Service">Swedish Public Freedom Service</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_This_Job_and_Shove_It" title="Take This Job and Shove It">Take This Job and Shove It</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Work_and_Death" title="The Future of Work and Death">The Future of Work and Death</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Main_Thing_Is_Work!" title="The Main Thing Is Work!">The Main Thing Is Work!</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Working_Class_Goes_to_Heaven" title="The Working Class Goes to Heaven">The Working Class Goes to Heaven</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yama%E2%80%94Attack_to_Attack" title="Yama—Attack to Attack">Yama—Attack to Attack</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_critical_of_work_and_the_work_ethic" title="Category:Literature critical of work and the work ethic">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anekdote_zur_Senkung_der_Arbeitsmoral" title="Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral">Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bartleby,_the_Scrivener" title="Bartleby, the Scrivener">Bartleby, the Scrivener</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_paresse" title="Bonjour paresse">Bonjour paresse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bullshit_Jobs" title="Bullshit Jobs">Bullshit Jobs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conquest_of_Bread" title="The Conquest of Bread">The Conquest of Bread</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Economic_Reason" title="Critique of Economic Reason">Critique of Economic Reason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fight_Club_(novel)" title="Fight Club (novel)">Fight Club</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Future_Primitive_and_Other_Essays" title="Future Primitive and Other Essays">Future Primitive and Other Essays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Idleness_and_Other_Essays" title="In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays">In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inventing_the_Future:_Postcapitalism_and_a_World_Without_Work" title="Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work">Inventing the Future</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Against_Work" title="Manifesto Against Work">Manifesto Against Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Escapologist" title="New Escapologist">New Escapologist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Poverty_of_Student_Life" title="On the Poverty of Student Life">On the Poverty of Student Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steal_This_Book" title="Steal This Book">Steal This Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">The Abolition of Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Work" title="The End of Work">The End of Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings" title="The Human Use of Human Beings">The Human Use of Human Beings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Idler_(1993)" title="The Idler (1993)">The Idler</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_of_Everyday_Life" title="The Revolution of Everyday Life">The Revolution of Everyday Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_to_Be_Lazy" title="The Right to Be Lazy">The Right to Be Lazy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Soul_at_Work:_From_Alienation_to_Autonomy" title="The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy">The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R/antiwork" title="R/antiwork">R/antiwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrimethInc." title="CrimethInc.">CrimethInc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_strain" title="Job strain">Job strain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism" title="Template:Capitalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism" title="Template talk:Capitalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Aspects and <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought" title="Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought">perspectives</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy_of_production" title="Anarchy of production">Anarchy of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">Business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">Centralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">Economic bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopreneurship" title="Ecopreneurship">Ecopreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Revolution" title="Financial Revolution">Financial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" title="History of capitalist theory">History of capitalist theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">Invention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy#Capitalism" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_failure" title="Market failure">Market failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchantilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchantilism">Merchantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">Multinational corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">Oligopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought" title="Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought">Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">Wealth</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_model" title="Anglo-Saxon model">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market#General_principles" title="Free market">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed capitalism">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National capitalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-capitalism" title="Neo-capitalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic capitalism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw capitalism">Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" title="Regulatory capitalism">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine capitalism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social capitalism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="State-sponsored capitalism">State-sponsored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" title="Culture of capitalism">Cultural aspects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_mobility" title="Economic mobility">Economic mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li>Mainstream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Private foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law#In_relation_to_economics" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">Social alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">Economic inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_market_flexibility" title="Labour market flexibility">Labour market flexibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_supply" title="Labour supply">Labour supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">Productivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity" title="Prosperity">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicate" title="Syndicate">Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_venture_capital" title="Social venture capital">Social venture capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">Unemployment</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_propaganda" title="Capitalist propaganda">Capitalist propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_fundamentalism" title="Market fundamentalism">Market fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antithesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market socialism">Free-market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-scarcity_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-scarcity economy">Post-scarcity economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marxist_phraseology_and_terminology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marxist_and_communist_phraseology" title="Template:Marxist and communist phraseology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marxist_and_communist_phraseology" title="Template talk:Marxist and communist phraseology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marxist_and_communist_phraseology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marxist and communist phraseology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marxist_phraseology_and_terminology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Marxist phraseology and terminology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;">Philosophy and politics<br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barracks_communism" title="Barracks communism">Barracks communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_and_superstructure" title="Base and superstructure">Base and superstructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">Bourgeoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Bourgeois democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_revolution" title="Bourgeois revolution">Bourgeois revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_socialism" title="Bourgeois socialism">Bourgeois socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Capitalist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodification" title="Commodification">Commodification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialectics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialectics">Dialectics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">Dictatorship of the proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_materialism" title="Historical materialism">Historical materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidationism" title="Liquidationism">Liquidationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpenproletariat" title="Lumpenproletariat">Lumpenproletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Means_of_labor" title="Means of labor">Means of labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_rift" title="Metabolic rift">Metabolic rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petite_bourgeoisie" title="Petite bourgeoisie">Petite bourgeoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation of capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_revolution" title="Proletarian revolution">Proletarian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure communism">Pure communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Revolutionary spontaneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_wave" title="Revolutionary wave">Revolutionary wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-imperialism" title="Super-imperialism">Super-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoretician_(Marxism)" title="Theoretician (Marxism)">Theoretician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stage_theory" title="Two-stage theory">Two-stage theory</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_of_the_world,_unite!" title="Workers of the world, unite!">Workers of the world, unite!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_communism" title="World communism">World communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">World revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;">Sociology and economics<br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Marxian_critique_of_political_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxian critique of political economy">Marxian</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism#Capital_accumulation" title="Capitalism">Accumulation of capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Capitalist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_theory" title="Crisis theory">Crisis of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_heights_of_the_economy" title="Commanding heights of the economy">Commanding heights of the economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_(Marxism)" title="Commodity (Marxism)">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Commodity production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominant_ideology" title="Dominant ideology">Dominant ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_value" title="Exchange value">Exchange value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(communism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (communism and anarchism)">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_value" title="Law of value">Law of value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">Means of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_of_production" title="Mode of production">Mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productive_forces" title="Productive forces">Productive forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_of_production" title="Relations of production">Relations of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_class" title="Ruling class">Ruling class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_commodity_production" title="Simple commodity production">Simple commodity production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_necessary_labour_time" title="Socially necessary labour time">Socially necessary labour time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialization (economics)">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_murder" title="Social murder">Social murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subject_of_labor" title="Subject of labor">Subject of labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplus_value" title="Surplus value">Surplus value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_value" title="Use value">Use value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist–Leninist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_revolutionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional revolutionaries">Cadre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Committee">Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_power" title="Dual power">Dual power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foco" title="Foco">Foco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_line_of_the_party" title="General line of the party">General line of the party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_liberation_(Marxism)" title="National liberation (Marxism)">National liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_class" title="New class">New class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_democracy_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" title="People's democracy (Marxism–Leninism)">People's democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo" title="Politburo">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_rehabilitation" title="Political rehabilitation">Political rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_front" title="Popular front">Popular front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_socialism" title="Real socialism">Real socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_terror" title="Revolutionary terror">Revolutionary terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_(administrative_office)" title="Secretariat (administrative office)">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-criticism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-criticism (Marxism–Leninism)">Self-criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_accumulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist accumulation">Socialist accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_fascism" title="Social fascism">Social fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Marxism" title="Democracy in Marxism">Democracy in Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front" title="United front">United front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deformed_workers%27_state" title="Deformed workers' state">Deformed workers' state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerated_workers%27_state" title="Degenerated workers' state">Degenerated workers' state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Turn" title="French Turn">French Turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_revolution" title="Permanent revolution">Permanent revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">Social revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_demand" title="Transitional demand">Transitional demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneven_and_combined_development" title="Uneven and combined development">Uneven and combined development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front" title="United front">United front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">World revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antagonistic_contradiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonistic contradiction">Antagonistic contradiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_revolution_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous revolution theory">Continuous revolution theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_East_wind_prevails_over_the_West_wind" title="The East wind prevails over the West wind">The East wind prevails over the West wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_line" title="Mass line">Mass line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy" title="New Democracy">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-process_people%27s_democracy" title="Whole-process people's democracy">Whole-process people's democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Divides_Into_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="One Divides Into Two">One Divides Into Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_war" title="People's war">People's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_power_grows_out_of_the_barrel_of_a_gun" title="Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun">Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">Revolutionary base area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_is_not_a_dinner_party" title="Revolution is not a dinner party">Revolution is not a dinner party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_session" title="Struggle session">Struggle session</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Multiparty_Democracy" title="People's Multiparty Democracy">People's Multiparty Democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Property" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_navbox" title="Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Property_navbox" title="Template talk:Property navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Property_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Property" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By owner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_land" title="Communal land">Communal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unowned_property" title="Unowned property">Unowned</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_in_land" title="Estate in land">Estate (landed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_property" title="Intangible property">Intangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangible_property" title="Tangible property">Tangible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">Common land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common-pool_resource" title="Common-pool resource">Common-pool resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_commons_(economics)" title="Digital commons (economics)">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_commons" title="Global commons">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_commons" title="Information commons">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_rights" title="Bundle of rights">Bundle of rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_commodities" title="Fictitious commodities">fictitious commodities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good_(economics)" title="Common good (economics)">Common good (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excludability" title="Excludability">Excludability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_possession_theory_of_property" title="First possession theory of property">First possession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_appropriation" title="Original appropriation">appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">homestead principle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-rider_problem" title="Free-rider problem">Free-rider problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_rent" title="Law of rent">Law of rent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">rent-seeking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufruct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_property_rights" title="Women's property rights">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)" title="Rivalry (economics)">Rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">anticommons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia"><i>Acequia</i> (watercourse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejido" title="Ejido"><i>Ejido</i> (agrarian land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">Estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_estate" title="Literary estate">literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">Forest types</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huerta" title="Huerta">Huerta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">Inheritance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executor" title="Executor">executor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">easement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraint_on_alienation" title="Restraint on alienation">restraint on alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scheduled_Tribes_and_Other_Traditional_Forest_Dwellers_(Recognition_of_Forest_Rights)_Act,_2006" title="The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006">Forest-dwelling (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">Freedom to roam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_rights" title="Grazing rights">Grazing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannage" title="Pannage">pannage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law#Land_rights" title="Land law">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title" title="Aboriginal title">aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights" title="Indigenous land rights">indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_rights" title="Littoral rights">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">Mineral</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bergregal" title="Bergregal">Bergregal</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">Right of way (transit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(property_access)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (property access)">Right of way (property access)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prior-appropriation_water_rights" title="Prior-appropriation water rights">prior-appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_water_rights" title="Riparian water rights">riparian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accumulation_by_dispossession" title="Accumulation by dispossession">Disposession</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">Eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">Expropriation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">repatriation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory taking">Regulatory taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_buying" title="Bride buying">bride buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a></li> <li>spousal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband-selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Husband-selling">husband-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">wife selling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Tax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">Theft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars<br /><span class="nobold">(<i>key work</i>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_(Bastiat_book)" title="The Law (Bastiat book)">The Law</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Family,_Private_Property_and_the_State" title="The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State">The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Hardin" title="Garrett Hardin">Garrett Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">David Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Marcel Mauss</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(essay)" title="The Gift (essay)">The Gift</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Transformation_(book)" title="The Great Transformation (book)">The Great Transformation</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">What Is Property?</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray N. Rothbard</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Property" title="Category:Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law" title="Category:Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law_by_country" title="Category:Property law by country">by country</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&oldid=1257275294">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wage_slavery&oldid=1257275294</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Criticism_of_work" title="Category:Criticism of work">Criticism of work</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethically_disputed_working_conditions" title="Category:Ethically disputed working conditions">Ethically disputed working conditions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marxist_terminology" title="Category:Marxist terminology">Marxist terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poverty" title="Category:Poverty">Poverty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">Socialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slavery_by_type" title="Category:Slavery by type">Slavery by type</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Latin-language_sources_(la)" title="Category:CS1 Latin-language sources (la)">CS1 Latin-language sources (la)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_February_2022" title="Category:Use American English from February 2022">Use American English from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2022">Use mdy dates from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 02:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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[\"CITEREFCicero1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Grand2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglass1886\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglass1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglass2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDurhamKellner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrenreich2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrenreich2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllerman1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllerman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngels,_Friedrich1847\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngels1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerguson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzhugh1857\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFogel1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoner1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoner1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFromm1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraeber2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraeber2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallgrimsdottirBenoit2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHauser2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHofman_Öjermark2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJensen2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeenc._1990\"] = 1,\n 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