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id="toc-Belief_and_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Doctrinal_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctrinal_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Doctrinal standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctrinal_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_from_Lutheran_Church–Missouri_Synod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_from_Lutheran_Church–Missouri_Synod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Differences from Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_from_Lutheran_Church–Missouri_Synod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_from_the_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_from_the_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Differences from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_from_the_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beginning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>General Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synodical_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synodical_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Synodical Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synodical_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reorganization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reorganization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Reorganization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reorganization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Schism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bennett_Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bennett_Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bennett Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bennett_Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apache_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apache_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Apache mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apache_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1917_merger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1917_merger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1917 merger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1917_merger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protes'tant_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protes'tant_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Protes'tant controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protes'tant_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breakup_of_the_Synodical_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breakup_of_the_Synodical_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Breakup of the Synodical Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breakup_of_the_Synodical_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martin_Luther_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martin_Luther_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Martin Luther College</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martin_Luther_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Latin_American_synod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Latin_American_synod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>New Latin American synod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Latin_American_synod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synodical_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synodical_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Synodical government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synodical_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus_ministry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus_ministry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Campus ministry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campus_ministry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_Aid_&_Relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_Aid_&_Relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Christian Aid & Relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_Aid_&_Relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discipleship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discipleship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Discipleship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discipleship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Military services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaf_and_hard_of_hearing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaf_and_hard_of_hearing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Deaf and hard of hearing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaf_and_hard_of_hearing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visually_impaired" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visually_impaired"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Visually impaired</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visually_impaired-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evangelism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evangelism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Evangelism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evangelism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-Language_Productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-Language_Productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Multi-Language Productions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-Language_Productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congregational_counseling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congregational_counseling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Congregational counseling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congregational_counseling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Publishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_fellowship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_fellowship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Church fellowship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_fellowship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-Lutherische_Wisconsin-Synode" title="Evangelisch-Lutherische Wisconsin-Synode – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Evangelisch-Lutherische Wisconsin-Synode" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADnodo_Evang%C3%A9lico_Luterano_de_Wisconsin" title="Sínodo Evangélico Luterano de Wisconsin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sínodo Evangélico Luterano de Wisconsin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoda_Loterana_Evanjelika_ao_Winsconsin" title="Sinoda Loterana Evanjelika ao Winsconsin – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sinoda Loterana Evanjelika ao Winsconsin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADnodo_Evang%C3%A9lico_Luterano_de_Wisconsin" title="Sínodo Evangélico Luterano de Wisconsin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sínodo Evangélico Luterano de Wisconsin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Висконсинский евангелический лютеранский синод – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Висконсинский евангелический лютеранский синод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsinin_evankelis-luterilainen_synodi" title="Wisconsinin evankelis-luterilainen synodi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wisconsinin evankelis-luterilainen synodi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li 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searchaux" style="display:none">Denomination of Lutheran Christianity in the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WELS" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/WELS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="WELS (disambiguation)">WELS (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_logo.png/220px-Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_logo.png/330px-Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="129" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional Lutheran">Confessional Lutheran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist_polity" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist polity">Congregational</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Associations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</a>,<br />Formerly <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synodical_Conference_of_North_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America">Synodical Conference</a> (1869–1963)<br />and <a href="/wiki/General_Council_(Lutheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council (Lutheran)">General Council</a> (1867–1869)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data">United States and 24 other countries.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waukesha,_Wisconsin" title="Waukesha, Wisconsin">Waukesha, Wisconsin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">1850 <br /><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Separated from</a></th><td class="infobox-data">German mission societies (1868)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Church_union" title="Church union">Merger of</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, and Nebraska synods</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Separations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protes%27tant_Conference" title="Protes'tant Conference">Protes'tant Conference</a> (1927)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Lutheran_Confession" title="Church of the Lutheran Confession">Church of the Lutheran Confession</a> (1960)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Congregations</th><td class="infobox-data">1,250<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">340,511 baptized<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />272,555 communicant<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary schools</a></th><td class="infobox-data">284<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary schools</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wels.net">www<wbr />.wels<wbr />.net</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</b> (<b>WELS</b>), also referred to simply as the <b>Wisconsin Synod</b>, is an American <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional Lutheran">Confessional Lutheran</a> denomination of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. Characterized as <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theologically</a> conservative, it was founded in 1850 in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>. </p><p>As of 2022, it had a <a href="/wiki/Baptism#Protestant_Reformation" title="Baptism">baptized</a> membership of 340,511 in 1,250 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/congregation" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:congregation">congregations</a>, with churches in 47 US states and 4 provinces of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WELS also does gospel outreach in 40 countries around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the third largest Lutheran denomination in the United States. The WELS school system is the fourth largest private school system in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WELS is in fellowship with the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a> (ELS) and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</a> (CELC), a worldwide organization of Lutheran church bodies of the same beliefs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belief_and_practice">Belief and practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Belief and practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doctrinal_standards">Doctrinal standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Doctrinal standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gutenberg_Bible,_Lenox_Copy,_New_York_Public_Library,_2009._Pic_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gutenberg_Bible%2C_Lenox_Copy%2C_New_York_Public_Library%2C_2009._Pic_01.jpg/220px-Gutenberg_Bible%2C_Lenox_Copy%2C_New_York_Public_Library%2C_2009._Pic_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gutenberg_Bible%2C_Lenox_Copy%2C_New_York_Public_Library%2C_2009._Pic_01.jpg/330px-Gutenberg_Bible%2C_Lenox_Copy%2C_New_York_Public_Library%2C_2009._Pic_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gutenberg_Bible%2C_Lenox_Copy%2C_New_York_Public_Library%2C_2009._Pic_01.jpg/440px-Gutenberg_Bible%2C_Lenox_Copy%2C_New_York_Public_Library%2C_2009._Pic_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The WELS holds to the belief of “Sola scriptura” (“by Scripture alone”)</figcaption></figure> <p>The WELS subscribes to the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Lutheran Reformation</a> teaching of <i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">Sola scriptura</a></i>—"by Scripture alone." It holds that the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> is the final authority by which church teachings can be judged. WELS pastors have a <i>quia</i> subscription to the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Confessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Confessions">Lutheran Confessions</a>; that is, they teach that the confessions are valid because they are faithful to the Bible. As such, pastors and congregations within the WELS agree to teach in accordance with it. </p><p>The WELS also agrees with the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Biblical inerrancy</a>, the doctrine that the Bible is inspired by God and is without error (2 Timothy 3:16, 2 Peter 1:20-21, 1 Corinthians 2:13, John 17:17, Psalm 12:6, Titus 1:2). For this reason, they reject much of modern <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal theology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differences_from_Lutheran_Church–Missouri_Synod"><span id="Differences_from_Lutheran_Church.E2.80.93Missouri_Synod"></span>Differences from Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Differences from Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main facets of doctrinal difference between the WELS and the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a> (LCMS) include: </p> <ul><li><i>Fellowship</i> – The WELS teaches that all forms of Christian fellowship require a complete unity in matters of doctrine (Romans 16:17, Ephesians 4:3-6).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LCMS, meanwhile, teaches that there are different levels of fellowship among Christians, so that altar fellowship (sharing in the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> together), pulpit fellowship (exchange of preaching privileges among ministers of various congregations), and other manifestations of Christian fellowship (such as fellowship in prayer), are distinct. Thus, according to LCMS doctrine, members of different church bodies can engage in greater or lesser degrees of fellowship depending on the extent of their doctrinal disagreement.</li> <li><i>Doctrine of the ministry</i> – The WELS believes that there are many different forms of one, divinely established Ministry. These forms of the Ministry include pastor, Christian day-school teacher, and others (1 Corinthians 12:28, Ephesians 4:11).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LCMS teaches that only the pastoral office is divinely established, while all other church offices are human institutions.</li> <li><i>Role of women in the church</i> – The LCMS and WELS agree that Scriptures reserve the pastoral office for men. In "This We Believe," published in 1999, WELS states that "women may participate in offices and activities of the public ministry except where that work involves authority over men (1 Timothy 2:11,12). This means that women may not serve as pastors nor participate in assemblies of the church in ways that exercise authority over men (1 Corinthians 11:3; 14:33–35)."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WELS does not allow women suffrage in congregational matters that would exercise authority over men. LCMS teaches that women may take on roles of lay authority in the church, such as voting in church elections and serving in "humanly established offices" such as congregation president, reader, or member of church councils, including elected executive roles in the church.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differences_from_the_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America">Differences from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Differences from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Scriptural interpretation</i> – The WELS confesses that the Bible is the inspired, inerrant and infallible Word of God (2 Timothy 3:16, 2 Peter 1:20-21, 1 Corinthians 2:13, John 17:17, Psalm 12:6, Titus 1:2) and follows a <a href="/wiki/Historical-grammatical_method" title="Historical-grammatical method">historical-grammatical</a> approach to interpretation. The meaning of a portion of Scripture is discerned by paying careful attention to grammar, syntax, vocabulary and context. In this regard, the historical setting forms part of the context of Scripture, the text itself indicating how important a part. The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> (ELCA), on the other hand, has been open to <a href="/wiki/Historical-Critical_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical-Critical Method">historical-critical methods</a> of Biblical interpretation which seek to understand the scriptures with primary reference to historical and social context. Most other specific doctrinal differences between the two churches stem from this overarching disagreement.</li> <li><i>Creation</i> – The WELS teaches that the account of creation given in Genesis 1–3 is a factual, historical account,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the ELCA has not enforced an official position, allowing members to embrace positions ranging from strict <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_creationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary creationism">theistic evolution</a>.</li> <li><i>Sexuality</i> – The WELS teaches that extramarital sex (1 Corinthians 7:2, Hebrews 13:4) and homosexual relations (Romans 1:18-32, 1 Corinthians 6:9-11, 1 Timothy 8-11) are sins, while the ELCA and its predecessor churches are open to multiple viewpoints on these matters.</li> <li><i>Fellowship</i> – The WELS teaches that churches must agree on all doctrines of Scripture before they can enjoy any form of fellowship with each other (Romans 16:17, Ephesians 4:3-6), while the ELCA teaches that agreement on all aspects of doctrine is not necessarily required as a prerequisite for fellowship. It thus practices fellowship with a handful of other <a href="/wiki/Mainline_(Protestant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline (Protestant)">mainline Protestant</a> denominations.</li> <li><i>Role of women in the church</i> – The WELS holds that, according to Scripture, women may not serve as clergy nor vote within their congregations where authority is exercised over men (see above), while the ELCA's three predecessor churches began ordaining women into the ministry in the 1970s, according to their interpretation of Scripture.</li> <li><i>Communion</i> – The WELS practices <a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">closed communion</a> (1 Corinthians 10:16-17, 1 Corinthians 1:10, 1 Corinthians 11:26-32); it holds that the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> is reserved for confirmed members of the WELS, any sister church in fellowship with WELS, and other individuals found upon examination to be in doctrinal agreement with the WELS.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginning">Beginning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Beginning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS's direct predecessor, known as <i>The German Evangelical Ministerium of Wisconsin</i> was founded in 1850 by several churches in and around Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Many of the early pastors were educated and trained by mission societies in Germany. The early churches in the Wisconsin Synod had a strong German background; services and church business were conducted in German. Many of the pastors and congregations brought with them a tolerance towards forming joint congregations with the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Union_(Evangelical_Christian_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)">Union Churches</a> they left behind in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1864, the <i>German Evangelical Lutheran synod of Wisconsin</i> was incorporated by an act of the state legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Council">General Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: General Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1860s, the Wisconsin Synod became increasingly conservative along the Lutheran viewpoint and against the Reformed. In the synod convention of 1867, the synod joined the <a href="/wiki/General_Council_(Lutheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council (Lutheran)">General Council</a>, a group of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Lutheran">Neo-Lutheran</a> synods that left the <a href="/wiki/General_Synod_(Lutheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Synod (Lutheran)">General Synod</a> because the latter body sought to compromise Lutheran doctrine in order to join with non-Lutheran American Protestantism. However, some pastors in the Wisconsin Synod agreed with the "<a href="/wiki/Open_questions" class="mw-redirect" title="Open questions">open questions</a>" position of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_of_Iowa" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa">Iowa Synod</a> that some doctrines could be left unresolved and good Lutherans could agree to disagree about them.<sup id="cite_ref-S107_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S107-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1868 convention witnessed a meaningful discussion on the topic of pulpit and altar fellowship, one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Points_in_American_Lutheranism" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Points in American Lutheranism">Four Points in American Lutheranism</a>. Although there were several dissenting opinions, most of the pastors and lay delegates realized that they could not in good conscience exchange pastors with non-Lutherans or invite them to commune at their altar. They felt that the <a href="/wiki/General_Council_(Lutheran)#Origin_of_the_Four_Points_in_American_Lutheranism" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council (Lutheran)">position the General Council took</a> on this subject was inadequate. They resolved that, unless it changed course, they would withdraw from the General Council.<sup id="cite_ref-S107_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S107-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synodical_Conference">Synodical Conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Synodical Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/St_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/200px-St_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/St_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/300px-St_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/St_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/400px-St_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The Synodical Conference was founded in <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_(Milwaukee,_Wisconsin)" title="Saint John's Evangelical Lutheran Church (Milwaukee, Wisconsin)">St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church</a> in Milwaukee, WI.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the 1868 convention, representatives of the Wisconsin and Missouri Synods held a meeting in Milwaukee during October 21–22, 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-S107_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S107-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They discussed various points of doctrine, writing an agreement recognizing the Missouri and Wisconsin synods as <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Orthodoxy">orthodox Lutheran</a> church bodies and that they have fellowship. The agreement noted that in the event a doctrinal error arose in one of the two synods, they would not question each other's orthodoxy as long as they both used all Christian means at their disposal to resolve the problem. This agreement was later adopted by each of the synods in convention.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Joint_Synod_of_Ohio" title="Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio">Ohio Synod</a> invited the Wisconsin Synod, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_of_Illinois" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Illinois">Illinois Synod</a>, Missouri Synod, and <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_the_Norwegian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Norwegian Synod</a>, to Chicago on January 11–13, 1871. There the synods drew up a document of association for the synods to vote on at their next convention. They also invited the entire membership, both teachers and pastors, of all the synods to attend a general convention the next year. This first meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synodical_Conference_of_North_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America">Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America</a>, commonly called the "Synodical Conference", was held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 10–16, 1872. They wrote the constitution to the Synodical Conference, which arranged the synods together as a federation and did not vest any real authority with the Synodical Conference, either at the convention or board level.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fellowship union included full communion among members, the sharing of educational facilities, joint mission and benevolence work, and open pulpit between pastors of the different synods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reorganization">Reorganization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reorganization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first convention of the Synodical Conference also endeavored to reduce the severe competition between synods. The delegates planned to reorganize all Synodical Conference Lutherans into separate state synods, although allowing for separate organization along the lines of the three languages—German, Norwegian, and English.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1876 and 1877 conventions also took up this cause, and added to it the goal of providing centrally located ministerial and teacher education campuses. The Minnesota Synod favored the approach of organizing state synods, but only if they would be independent of the larger Ohio and Missouri Synods.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the Wisconsin Synod desired organization along state lines, but only on the condition that they would be prohibited from joining any larger synodical body, that is, the already existing Ohio and Missouri Synods. The Wisconsin Synod also did not think that it could derive any benefit out of a centrally run seminary. In response to this strained relation between the Wisconsin Synod and the other synods, the Synodical Conference elected a committee made up of Wisconsin Synod delegates and other synods' representatives to repair relations with the Wisconsin Synod in time for the next convention in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-S113_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S113-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1878, the Wisconsin Synod withdrew its demand that the state synods had to be independent of the Missouri or Ohio Synods.<sup id="cite_ref-S113_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S113-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Missouri Synod needed to build a new seminary, since location at its current campus was strained. Although there was considerable plans to build a new joint Synodical Conference seminary near Chicago, because of the hesitance of the Wisconsin Synod on this subject and the inability of any of the other members besides Missouri to contribute financially to the new project, it was tabled, and ultimately never happened.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1878 convention voted in favor of establishing state synods. These state synods were to organize into two or three larger synods, one for the east (corresponding to the Ohio Synod), one for the southwest (corresponding to the Missouri Synod), and one for the northwest (which would include all congregations in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas and all parts west). This formed three larger synods, which solved the longstanding concern that if either the Missouri or Ohio synods were allowed to keep their identity, they would dominate the rest of the Synodical Conference, or, even worse, the Minnesota or Wisconsin Synods would be forced to join one of them. This new organization did not apply to congregations speaking Norwegian, and English speaking congregations were to organize as separate district synods within one of the larger synods.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schism">Schism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Schism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Synodical Conference split when the Ohio Synod left the Synodical Conference in 1881 over the issue of whether God predestined people according to his foreknowledge of whether they would come to faith. The Ohio Synod had some pastors that allowed for this position, while the Missouri Synod declared it to be false doctrine. This Election Controversy had been introduced by a German professor in the Norwegian Synod, Friedrich A. Schmidt. The Norwegian Synod left the Synodical Conference in 1883, attempting to keep the disunity they experienced within their synod from creeping into the Synodical Conference. Meanwhile, the Wisconsin and Missouri synods stood together in cooperation and harmony during this period of fierce debate.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bennett_Law">Bennett Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bennett Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with other ethnically German denominations, the Wisconsin Synod successfully spoke out in opposition to the Wisconsin <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Law" title="Bennett Law">Bennett Law</a>, a compulsory education law that also required certain subjects be taught in English and put public authorities in charge of enforcing compliance in both public and private schools. Wisconsin's German-American Lutherans and Catholics saw the law as an attack on their parochial schools and parental rights. They also believed the law was a nativist attack on their German culture. The law was enacted in 1889 and repealed in 1891. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apache_mission">Apache mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Apache mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayerhoff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Mayerhoff.jpg/250px-Mayerhoff.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Mayerhoff.jpg/375px-Mayerhoff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Mayerhoff.jpg/500px-Mayerhoff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Rev. Paul Mayerhoff lived in this tent for six months in 1896 at the beginning of his Call as a Wisconsin Synod missionary to the Apache. He catechized children, learned their language, and translated parts of <a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" title="Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small Catechism</a> into <a href="/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages" title="Southern Athabaskan languages">Apache</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1893, two Wisconsin Synod missionaries began work in Arizona at <a href="/wiki/Peridot,_Arizona" title="Peridot, Arizona">Peridot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_San_Carlos" class="mw-redirect" title="Old San Carlos">Old San Carlos</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Apache_Indian_Reservation" title="San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation">San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congregations were soon established. Currently there are nine Wisconsin Synod congregations on the reservation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1917_merger">1917 merger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1917 merger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1892, the Wisconsin Synod had federated with the Michigan and Minnesota synods to form the General Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan and Other States. The Nebraska Synod joined the federation in 1904. In 1917 the synods voted to turn their federation into a formal union, known as the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Wisconsin and Other States. By 1930, the merger and other factors had pushed the Wisconsin Synod to become a primarily English-speaking synod. The present name was adopted in 1959. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protes'tant_controversy"><span id="Protes.27tant_controversy"></span>Protes'tant controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Protes'tant controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy.jpg/220px-Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy.jpg/330px-Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy.jpg/440px-Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_Lutheran_Academy" title="Winnebago Lutheran Academy">Winnebago Lutheran Academy</a>, a WELS high school in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, was founded in 1926.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1926 to 1929, a small group of persons and congregations were expelled or voluntarily left the WELS in an incident known as the "Protes'tant Controversy." They formed the <a href="/wiki/Protes%27tant_Conference" title="Protes'tant Conference">Protes'tant Conference</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakup_of_the_Synodical_Conference">Breakup of the Synodical Conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Breakup of the Synodical Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Doctrinal differences among the synods of the Synodical Conference, especially concerning the doctrine and practice of church fellowship, surfaced during the 1940s and '50s. Problems began when the LCMS began exploratory talks with leaders of the <a href="/wiki/American_Lutheran_Church_(1930)" title="American Lutheran Church (1930)">American Lutheran Church</a> (ALC). The ALC differed on its doctrine of Predestination and therefore did not share doctrinal fellowship with the Synodical Conference. Since there had been no recent change on the ALC's doctrinal position, the LCMS was then charged by some within the Synodical Conference of changing its position on church fellowship. After years of continued talks, the ELS severed its fellowship relations with the LCMS in 1955 and withdrew from the Synodical Conference. Two years later the WELS publicly recognized the same doctrinal disagreements with the LCMS, but rather than break fellowship, decided to admonish the LCMS to return to its former practice. </p><p>Dissatisfaction over this decision led about 70 pastors and a similar number of congregations to leave the WELS, ELS, and LCMS to form the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Lutheran_Confession" title="Church of the Lutheran Confession">Church of the Lutheran Confession (CLC)</a>. Their chief complaint was that the WELS misapplied the principles of Christian fellowship by not breaking immediately with the Synodical Conference and the LCMS after it had publicly recognized doctrinal disagreements. While the WELS broke fellowship with the LCMS in 1961, the CLC and the WELS remain at odds regarding this issue to this day. Recently, the WELS and ELS have been in formal discussions with the CLC over doctrinal issues. The goal of these discussions is to restore fellowship with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, the ELS and WELS, working with a number of other Lutheran synods around the world—some of which had been founded through mission work by both synods—founded a new international fellowship organization which is the theological successor of the Synodical Conference: the <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</a> (CELC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martin_Luther_College">Martin Luther College</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Martin Luther College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OldMainMLC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/OldMainMLC.jpg/220px-OldMainMLC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/OldMainMLC.jpg/330px-OldMainMLC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/OldMainMLC.jpg/440px-OldMainMLC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3379" data-file-height="2539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_College" title="Martin Luther College">Martin Luther College</a> in New Ulm, Minnesota</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MLC_Chapel_of_the_Christ_Spring_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MLC_Chapel_of_the_Christ_Spring_2018.jpg/220px-MLC_Chapel_of_the_Christ_Spring_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MLC_Chapel_of_the_Christ_Spring_2018.jpg/330px-MLC_Chapel_of_the_Christ_Spring_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MLC_Chapel_of_the_Christ_Spring_2018.jpg/440px-MLC_Chapel_of_the_Christ_Spring_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4895" data-file-height="3268" /></a><figcaption>The Chapel of the Christ at Martin Luther College</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_College" title="Martin Luther College">Martin Luther College</a> (MLC) was established in 1995 when Northwestern College (NWC) in <a href="/wiki/Watertown,_Wisconsin" title="Watertown, Wisconsin">Watertown, Wisconsin</a> combined with Dr. Martin Luther College (DMLC) in <a href="/wiki/New_Ulm,_Minnesota" title="New Ulm, Minnesota">New Ulm, Minnesota</a> at the New Ulm campus. MLC is a private liberal arts college that is owned and operated by the WELS.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLC offers several undergraduate and graduate degree programs, all of which train students for service in the Wisconsin Synod. Men who graduate from the college's pre-seminary program may enroll at <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Lutheran_Seminary" title="Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary">Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary</a>. Men and women who graduate from its education programs may be assigned by the Wisconsin Synod as teachers and staff ministers to synod churches, schools, and missions.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chapel of the Christ was dedicated in 2010 at Martin Luther College to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the WELS.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Latin_American_synod">New Latin American synod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: New Latin American synod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, WELS sister churches in Bolivia, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Venezuela came together with the WELS to form a new synod: Iglesia Cristo WELS Internacional.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of presidents of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod from 1850 to the present. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Years of Service </th> <th>President </th></tr> <tr> <td>1850–1860 </td> <td>Johannes Muehlhaeuser </td></tr> <tr> <td>1860–1864 </td> <td>John Bading </td></tr> <tr> <td>1864–1865 </td> <td>Gottlieb Reim </td></tr> <tr> <td>1865–1867 </td> <td>William Streissguth </td></tr> <tr> <td>1867–1887 </td> <td>John Bading </td></tr> <tr> <td>1887–1908 </td> <td>Phillip von Rohr </td></tr> <tr> <td>1908–1933 </td> <td>G.E. Bergemann </td></tr> <tr> <td>1933–1953 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_W.O._Brenner" class="mw-redirect" title="John W.O. Brenner">John Brenner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953–1979 </td> <td>Oscar J. Naumann </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979–1993 </td> <td>Carl Mischke </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993–2007 </td> <td>Karl R. Gurgel </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007–present </td> <td>Mark G. Schroeder </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synodical_government">Synodical government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Synodical government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS is headed by a president and is supported by two vice presidents elected during its synod convention for terms of four years. The president oversees the administration of the synod. The current synod president is the Rev. Mark G. Schroeder. </p><p>Beneath the president are numerous administrative divisions addressing various areas of ministry. Among these are ministerial education, world missions, home missions, parish services, and fiscal services. </p><p>Synod conventions are held biennially in odd-numbered years and consist of elected male lay members from individual congregations from within the synod, ordained pastors and certified male teachers. Half of all delegates are to be lay members while the remaining half is divided between pastors and teachers. Synod conventions elect synodical leaders, and discuss and vote on synodical business. The WELS Synodical Council governs the church when the church is not in convention. The council is made up of twenty-three WELS members including eleven clergy and thirteen laymen. These men "act as a corporate board to plan and direct WELS worldwide ministry",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but their decisions may be overruled by a synod convention.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WELS is divided into 12 geographical districts in the United States and Canada, each headed by a district president elected in district conventions held during even-numbered years. District presidents serve terms of two years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missions">Missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WELS Missions consists of all of the mission efforts of the WELS. These missions are made up of Home, World, and Joint Missions. Multi-Language Productions is an arm of WELS World Missions. </p><p>“Home Missions supports 126 congregations in the United States, Canada, and English-speaking West Indies, and assists hundreds of other congregations with their campus ministry programs. World Missions conducts gospel outreach in 40 foreign countries and is exploring outreach opportunities in 14 prospective new mission fields. Joint Missions oversees any mission opportunity that is a combination of Home Missions, World Missions, and Ministerial Education.“<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WELS Mission Journeys is the official WELS program for short-term mission trips for WELS members. “Through church- or school-based volunteer trips to WELS mission fields at home and abroad, members have the opportunity to engage in Christian service. Pre-trip training led by a Mission Journeys team leader equips volunteers to have significant impact during their trip. While volunteering, the learning and sharing of outreach ideas will allow teams to explore how they can use their God-given abilities to lead an outreach event upon their return home.”<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td width="50%"> <dl><dt>Home Missions</dt></dl> <ul><li>New Missions and Enhancements<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Campus Ministry</li> <li>Antigua<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canada<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Lucia<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Joint Missions</dt></dl> <ul><li>Hispanic Ministry<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pastoral Studies Institute (PSI)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WELS Mission Journeys</li> <li>Hmong Ministry<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>South Asian Ministry<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sudanese Ministry<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vietnamese Ministry<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Africa</dt></dl> <ul><li>Cameroon<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ethiopia<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kenya<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Malawi<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nigeria<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zambia<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Central Africa Medical Mission<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Apache Reservations</dt></dl> <ul><li>San Carlos Apache Reservation<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fort Apache Reservation</li></ul> </td> <td width="6%"> </td> <td width="50%"> <dl><dt>Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li>Asia Lutheran Seminary<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>East Asia<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>India<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Indonesia<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thailand<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vietnam - Hmong Outreach<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Europe</dt></dl> <ul><li>Albania<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bulgaria<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Russia<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ukraine<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Latin America</dt></dl> <ul><li>Online teaching and training through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Cristo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Cristo (page does not exist)">Academia Cristo</a> reaches people throughout Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bolivia<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brazil<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Columbia<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ecuador<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dominican Republic<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Haiti<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Paraguay<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Puerto Rico<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Multi-Language Productions</dt></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resurrection_Lutheran_School_Rochester_MN_WELS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Resurrection_Lutheran_School_Rochester_MN_WELS.jpg/220px-Resurrection_Lutheran_School_Rochester_MN_WELS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Resurrection_Lutheran_School_Rochester_MN_WELS.jpg/330px-Resurrection_Lutheran_School_Rochester_MN_WELS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Resurrection_Lutheran_School_Rochester_MN_WELS.jpg/440px-Resurrection_Lutheran_School_Rochester_MN_WELS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Resurrection Lutheran School, a WELS elementary school (Pre-K-8), in Rochester, Minnesota</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wisconsin_Lutheran_College_Milwaukee_WI_WELS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wisconsin_Lutheran_College_Milwaukee_WI_WELS.jpg/220px-Wisconsin_Lutheran_College_Milwaukee_WI_WELS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wisconsin_Lutheran_College_Milwaukee_WI_WELS.jpg/330px-Wisconsin_Lutheran_College_Milwaukee_WI_WELS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wisconsin_Lutheran_College_Milwaukee_WI_WELS.jpg/440px-Wisconsin_Lutheran_College_Milwaukee_WI_WELS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Lutheran_College" title="Wisconsin Lutheran College">Wisconsin Lutheran College</a> in Milwaukee, Wisconsin</figcaption></figure> <p>The WELS school system is one of the largest private school system in the United States. As of 2021, WELS churches and associations operate 362 early childhood centers, 284 elementary schools, 29 high schools, 2 colleges, and 1 seminary across the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WELS maintains four schools of ministerial education: two college preparatory schools, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Lutheran_Seminary" title="Michigan Lutheran Seminary">Michigan Lutheran Seminary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luther_Preparatory_School" title="Luther Preparatory School">Luther Preparatory School</a>; a pre-seminary and teacher training college, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_College" title="Martin Luther College">Martin Luther College</a> in New Ulm, Minnesota; and a seminary for training pastors, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Lutheran_Seminary" title="Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary">Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary</a>, located in Mequon, Wisconsin. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Lutheran_College" title="Wisconsin Lutheran College">Wisconsin Lutheran College</a>, a liberal arts college in Milwaukee, is affiliated with the WELS and "is owned and operated by a corporation whose members consist of WELS congregations from across the country."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campus_ministry">Campus ministry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Campus ministry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wisconsin_Lutheran_Chapel_and_Student_Center_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wisconsin_Lutheran_Chapel_and_Student_Center_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Wisconsin_Lutheran_Chapel_and_Student_Center_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wisconsin_Lutheran_Chapel_and_Student_Center_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Wisconsin_Lutheran_Chapel_and_Student_Center_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wisconsin_Lutheran_Chapel_and_Student_Center_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Wisconsin_Lutheran_Chapel_and_Student_Center_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Wisconsin Lutheran Chapel in Madison, Wisconsin</figcaption></figure> <p>The WELS has an extensive campus ministry system. The WELS provides financial support for 30 campus ministry programs and assistance for 550 campus ministries in the United States and Canada. The WELS also supports full and part-time campus pastors.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first campus ministry program started in 1920 at the University of Wisconsin—Madison. Today, Wisconsin Lutheran Chapel is a campus ministry of the WELS that serves students of UW—Madison and other colleges in Madison, WI.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_Aid_&_Relief"><span id="Christian_Aid_.26_Relief"></span>Christian Aid & Relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Christian Aid & Relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian Aid & Relief (CAR) is a WELS organization that provides disaster relief and humanitarian aid to people and WELS churches and missions in need.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>“The mission of Christian Aid and Relief is to reflect Christ’s love and compassion to souls suffering from disasters and hardships. Because of what Christ has freely done for us, we eagerly show we care by offering our time, talents, and treasures to those in need.”<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CAR is made up mostly of volunteers who help in various ways. CAR also works with WELS missions and churches for various efforts. CAR also partners with various organizations to help carry out their efforts including Central Africa Medical Mission, Kingdom Workers, WELS Nurses Association, and Christian Family Solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discipleship">Discipleship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Discipleship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS Commission on Discipleship is an organization that “... provides resources, encouragement, and training to assist congregations as they seek to strengthen individuals and families in their connection to Christ and their ongoing walk of faith.”<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focus of the WELS Commission on Discipleship is in the following areas: </p> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td width="50%"> <dl><dt>Youth related</dt></dl> <ul><li>Apologetics</li> <li>Confirmation</li> <li>Early Childhood Ministry</li> <li>International Youth Rally</li> <li>Sunday School</li> <li>Youth Retention</li></ul> <dl><dt>Adult related</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Interactive Faith</i> Bible Studies</li> <li>Marriage Enrichment</li> <li>Small/Growth Group Ministries</li> <li>WELS Men & Women’s Ministry</li></ul> </td> <td width="6%"> </td> <td width="50%"> <dl><dt>Congregation related</dt></dl> <ul><li>Closing the Backdoor (member loss prevention)</li> <li>Elder training</li> <li>Family Faith</li> <li>Member Integration</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_services">Military services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Military services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS Military Services Committee provides spiritual services through full and part-time chaplains to WELS members and other people in the United States Armed Forces. The WELS has a full-time civilian chaplain in Europe and a national civilian chaplain and liaison to the military. The WELS also has 122 pastors who serve as part-time chaplains throughout the United States and around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deaf_and_hard_of_hearing">Deaf and hard of hearing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Deaf and hard of hearing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS Mission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing helps congregations to serve the deaf and hard of hearing. “The Mission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing offers resources to aid ministry to people who are deaf or have any degree of hearing loss.”<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visually_impaired">Visually impaired</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Visually impaired"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS Mission for the Visually Impaired helps congregations serve those who cannot see or who because of visual impairment or a print impairment cannot read a book or other printed material. The WELS Mission for the Visually Impaired is able to provide a wide variety of Christian resources for free to anyone who qualifies because of copyright law. </p><p>“Volunteers at the Mission for the Visually Impaired Workshop in South St Paul, Minn. and across the US produce Christian materials in audio formats, braille and large print. These materials are distributed free of charge throughout the world to WELS and non-WELS people who need them.”<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evangelism">Evangelism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Evangelism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS Commission on Evangelism “... assists congregations to seize opportunities the Lord provides to evangelize lost souls by developing and promoting evangelism resources and by promoting evangelism attitudes, structures, and programs consistent with Christian doctrine.”<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>What About Jesus is “... a website that presents basic belief topics in an easy-to-understand format for those who aren’t familiar with God’s Word.“ </p><p>The WELS Commission on Evangelism also has made a series of Christian movies to be used as evangelism tools. These movies include <i>Road to Emmaus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Come Follow Me</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>My Son, My Savior</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>To the Ends of the Earth</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WELS Commission on Evangelism also offers the School of Outreach for WELS congregations. “The School of Outreach serves WELS congregations with planning, assistance, and resources for congregational evangelism programming and implementation of outreach strategies.”<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WELS Commission on Evangelism also offers evangelism courses through the Martin Luther College continuing education program.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multi-Language_Productions">Multi-Language Productions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Multi-Language Productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS Multi-Language Productions (MLP) has made more than 2.9 million audio, video, and print materials. MLP has also made online training resources in over 54 languages. “Through these resources MLP can assist and enhance outreach for all churches, especially in places where WELS does not have resident missionaries. The majority of MLP products are evangelism and Bible Study resources to be used by anyone who sees a need for ministering to others in Christ.”<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congregational_counseling">Congregational counseling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Congregational counseling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WELS Commission on Congregational Counseling “assists WELS congregations to assess and evaluate ministry, review biblical teachings and principles that impact ministry, develop plans to adjust and expand ministry in appropriate ways, and carry out their plans over a period of time.”<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishing">Publishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Northwestern Publishing House</b> (NPH)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the official publishing house for the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. Located in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>, it produces a wide variety of materials including curriculum, periodicals, books, and worship resources. The publications are mainly for use of churches, schools, pastors, and members of the WELS. Its retail store, NPH Christian Books and Gifts, was also located in Milwaukee, but closed in September 2018. NPH has since moved to the synod's headquarters, the WELS Center for Mission and Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since June 23, 1891, Northwestern Publishing House has served the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod and its members with a variety of products and programs. The mission of NPH is to publish and provide biblically sound material that communicates, fosters, and supports the Christian faith and life. </p><p>Main WELS periodicals include <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forward_in_Christ:_A_Lutheran_Voice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forward in Christ: A Lutheran Voice (page does not exist)">Forward in Christ: A Lutheran Voice</a></i>, the WELS's monthly family magazine, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Lutheran_Quarterly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wisconsin Lutheran Quarterly (page does not exist)">Wisconsin Lutheran Quarterly</a></i>, a quarterly theological magazine. </p><p>Most WELS churches use <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worship_Hymnal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Worship Hymnal">Christian Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal</a></i>, with some using the 1941 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lutheran_Hymnal" title="The Lutheran Hymnal">Lutheran Hymnal</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or no hymnal at all. In 1911, the Wisconsin Synod published <i>Church Hymnal for Lutheran Services</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Christian Worship: Hymnal</i> is a new hymnal published by Northwestern Publishing House.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was released during the Advent season, 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_Lutheran,_Jenera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Trinity_Lutheran%2C_Jenera.jpg/220px-Trinity_Lutheran%2C_Jenera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Trinity_Lutheran%2C_Jenera.jpg/330px-Trinity_Lutheran%2C_Jenera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Trinity_Lutheran%2C_Jenera.jpg/440px-Trinity_Lutheran%2C_Jenera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A WELS church in Jenera, Ohio</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crown_of_Life_Lutheran_Church_West_St._Paul,_MN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Crown_of_Life_Lutheran_Church_West_St._Paul%2C_MN.jpg/220px-Crown_of_Life_Lutheran_Church_West_St._Paul%2C_MN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Crown_of_Life_Lutheran_Church_West_St._Paul%2C_MN.jpg/330px-Crown_of_Life_Lutheran_Church_West_St._Paul%2C_MN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Crown_of_Life_Lutheran_Church_West_St._Paul%2C_MN.jpg/440px-Crown_of_Life_Lutheran_Church_West_St._Paul%2C_MN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A modern WELS church in West St. Paul, Minnesota</figcaption></figure> <p>The WELS experienced significant growth during much of the twentieth century. In 1925, there were 139,226 members in 662 churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1950 there were over 300,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membership peaked in the early 1990s at just over 400,000 and has declined slightly since that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006 the denomination reported 395,497 members in 1,276 congregations.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook_98-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the denomination reported 340,511 baptized members.<sup id="cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> remains the <a href="/wiki/Geographic_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic center">geographic center</a> of the denomination, with over 400 churches and over 200,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-RCMS_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCMS-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than Wisconsin, the states with the highest rates of adherents are <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RCMS_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCMS-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the late 1960s, the denomination was almost entirely found in the states of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>, but with the migration of WELS people to Southern and Western states and the influx of former LCMS conservatives to the WELS, membership outside the region grew strongly in the 1970s and 1980s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Church_fellowship">Church fellowship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Church fellowship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fellowship between the WELS and other church groups is established only upon investigation and confirmation that both church groups hold complete unity in doctrine. The WELS is in fellowship with the members of the <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</a>, which meets this requirement. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Family_Solutions" title="Christian Family Solutions">Christian Family Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Heritage_Version" title="Evangelical Heritage Version">Evangelical Heritage Version</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS_ANNUAL_REPORT_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/about-wels/official-reports/annualreport/">"Annual Report"</a>. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230224011814/https://wels.net/about-wels/official-reports/annualreport/">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fabout-wels%2Fofficial-reports%2Fannualreport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/">"WHERE WE ARE"</a>. August 3, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630042337/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WHERE+WE+ARE&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntCarper2012" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, T.; Carper, J. (2012). <i>The Praeger Handbook of Faith-Based Schools in the United States, K-12, Volume 1</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313391392" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313391392"><bdi>978-0313391392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Praeger+Handbook+of+Faith-Based+Schools+in+the+United+States%2C+K-12%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0313391392&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Carper%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/about-wels/what-we-believe/doctrinal-statements/church-fellowship/">"Church Fellowship"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409210236/https://wels.net/about-wels/what-we-believe/doctrinal-statements/church-fellowship/">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+Fellowship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fabout-wels%2Fwhat-we-believe%2Fdoctrinal-statements%2Fchurch-fellowship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/about-wels/what-we-believe/doctrinal-statements/church-and-ministry/">"Church and Ministry"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312091737/https://wels.net/about-wels/what-we-believe/doctrinal-statements/church-and-ministry/">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+and+Ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fabout-wels%2Fwhat-we-believe%2Fdoctrinal-statements%2Fchurch-and-ministry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080102192641/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=783&contentID=4433&shortcutID=4869">WELS beliefs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/what-we-believe/statements-beliefs/this-we-believe/creation-man-and-sin">"Statement of Beliefs - II. Creation, Man, and Sin"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720144535/http://www.wels.net/what-we-believe/statements-beliefs/this-we-believe/creation-man-and-sin">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Beliefs+-+II.+Creation%2C+Man%2C+and+Sin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fwhat-we-believe%2Fstatements-beliefs%2Fthis-we-believe%2Fcreation-man-and-sin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wels.net/faq/close-communion-and-membership/">"Close communion and membership"</a>. May 14, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023220234/http://wels.net/faq/close-communion-and-membership/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Close+communion+and+membership&rft.date=2015-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Ffaq%2Fclose-communion-and-membership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See this list of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7gIrAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA119">Private and local laws passed by the Legislature of Wisconsin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427094119/https://books.google.com/books?id=7gIrAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA119">Archived</a> April 27, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for the text of the Act.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S107-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S107_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S107_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S107_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a>, 1967, p.107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S113-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S113_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S113_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy A Suelflow.<i>Walking With Wise Men</i>. Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/South_Wisconsin_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Wisconsin District (LCMS)">South Wisconsin District (LCMS)</a>, 1967, p.120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328025653/http://archive.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=733&contentID=101624&shortcutID=32538">"Apacheland Mission History"</a>. archive.wels.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=733&contentID=101624&shortcutID=32538">the original</a> on March 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apacheland+Mission+History&rft.pub=archive.wels.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F2617%26collectionID%3D733%26contentID%3D101624%26shortcutID%3D32538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328025701/http://archive.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=733&contentID=1085&shortcutID=2948">"Apacheland: Mission Statistics"</a>. archive.wels.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=733&contentID=1085&shortcutID=2948">the original</a> on March 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apacheland%3A+Mission+Statistics&rft.pub=archive.wels.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F2617%26collectionID%3D733%26contentID%3D1085%26shortcutID%3D2948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223184730/https://wels.net/progress-in-doctrinal-discussions/">"Progress in doctrinal discussions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/progress-in-doctrinal-discussions/">the original</a> on December 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Progress+in+doctrinal+discussions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fprogress-in-doctrinal-discussions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223175647/https://wels.net/doctrinal-discussions-continue-between-the-clc-the-els-and-wels/">"Doctrinal discussions continue between the CLC, the ELS, and WELS"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/doctrinal-discussions-continue-between-the-clc-the-els-and-wels/">the original</a> on December 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctrinal+discussions+continue+between+the+CLC%2C+the+ELS%2C+and+WELS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fdoctrinal-discussions-continue-between-the-clc-the-els-and-wels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/summary-of-the-september-meeting-of-the-cop/">"Summary of the September meeting of the COP"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223182218/https://wels.net/summary-of-the-september-meeting-of-the-cop/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+the+September+meeting+of+the+COP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fsummary-of-the-september-meeting-of-the-cop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlc-wels.edu/undergraduate-catalog/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2018/03/2018-19-Catalog-3.15.2018.pdf"><i>Martin Luther College 2018-19 Undergraduate Catalog</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New Ulm, Minnesota. 2018. pp. 3, 5, 42, 62, 65. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517082130/https://mlc-wels.edu/undergraduate-catalog/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2018/03/2018-19-Catalog-3.15.2018.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martin+Luther+College+2018-19+Undergraduate+Catalog&rft.place=New+Ulm%2C+Minnesota&rft.pages=3%2C+5%2C+42%2C+62%2C+65&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmlc-wels.edu%2Fundergraduate-catalog%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F27%2F2018%2F03%2F2018-19-Catalog-3.15.2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlc-wels.edu/about/mission-statement/">"Mission Statement – About"</a>. Martin Luther College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801003953/https://mlc-wels.edu/about/mission-statement/">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mission+Statement+%E2%80%93+About&rft.pub=Martin+Luther+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmlc-wels.edu%2Fabout%2Fmission-statement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlc-wels.edu/history/chapel-of-the-christ/">"Chapel of the Christ – History"</a>. <i>mlc-wels.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mlc-wels.edu&rft.atitle=Chapel+of+the+Christ+%E2%80%93+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmlc-wels.edu%2Fhistory%2Fchapel-of-the-christ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/new-synod-in-latin-america-forms/">"New synod in Latin America forms"</a>. December 7, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103054925/https://wels.net/new-synod-in-latin-america-forms/">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+synod+in+Latin+America+forms&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fnew-synod-in-latin-america-forms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626221531/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2601&collectionID=1581">"WELS Synodical Council (SC)"</a>. <i>Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2601&collectionID=1581">the original</a> on June 26, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod&rft.atitle=WELS+Synodical+Council+%28SC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F2601%26collectionID%3D1581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080102093040/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=1161&contentID=79339&shortcutID=26870">"Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod, "Proceedings of the Fifty-ninth Biennial Convention" Report of Floor Committee No. 7, Resolution No. 5, Subpoint 'a'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Publishing_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Publishing House">Northwestern Publishing House</a>. 2007. p. 40. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=1161&contentID=79339&shortcutID=26870">the original</a> on January 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod%2C+%22Proceedings+of+the+Fifty-ninth+Biennial+Convention%22+Report+of+Floor+Committee+No.+7%2C+Resolution+No.+5%2C+Subpoint+%27a%27&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Northwestern+Publishing+House&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F2617%26collectionID%3D1161%26contentID%3D79339%26shortcutID%3D26870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/">"Missions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630042337/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/missionjourneys/">"Mission Journeys"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423074135/https://wels.net/missionjourneys/">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mission+Journeys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fmissionjourneys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/newstarts/">"Home Missions New Starts and Enhancements"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803210754/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/newstarts/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Missions+New+Starts+and+Enhancements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fhomemissions%2Fnewstarts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/antigua/">"Antigua"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803125607/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/antigua/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antigua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fhomemissions%2Fantigua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/canada/">"Canada"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927200640/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/canada/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fhomemissions%2Fcanada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/st-lucia/">"St. Lucia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803210821/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/homemissions/st-lucia/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Lucia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fhomemissions%2Fst-lucia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/hispanic/">"Hispanic Ministry"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170621/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/hispanic/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hispanic+Ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fjointmissions%2Fhispanic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/psi/">"Pastoral Studies Institute (PSI)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170404/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/psi/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastoral+Studies+Institute+%28PSI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fjointmissions%2Fpsi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/hmong/">"Hmong Ministry"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803205859/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/hmong/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hmong+Ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fjointmissions%2Fhmong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/south-asian/">"South Asian Ministry"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328195041/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/south-asian/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fjointmissions%2Fsouth-asian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/sudanese/">"Sudanese Ministry"</a>. October 31, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803213500/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/sudanese/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudanese+Ministry&rft.date=2019-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fjointmissions%2Fsudanese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/vietnamese/">"Vietnamese Ministry"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803213313/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/jointmissions/vietnamese/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnamese+Ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fjointmissions%2Fvietnamese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/cameroon/">"Cameroon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803205747/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/cameroon/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cameroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fafrica%2Fcameroon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/ethiopia/">"Ethiopia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328195041/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/ethiopia/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fafrica%2Fethiopia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/kenya/">"Kenya"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518135848/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/kenya/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kenya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fafrica%2Fkenya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/malawi/">"Malawi"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927203145/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/malawi/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malawi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fafrica%2Fmalawi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/nigeria/">"Nigeria"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001145842/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/nigeria/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nigeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fafrica%2Fnigeria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/zambia/">"Zambia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001160728/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/zambia/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zambia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fafrica%2Fzambia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/medical-mission/">"Medical Mission"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927210103/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/africa/medical-mission/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+Mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fafrica%2Fmedical-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/apache-mission/">"Apache Mission"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423052348/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/apache-mission/">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apache+Mission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fapache-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/asia-lutheran-seminary/">"Asia Lutheran Seminary"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213095246/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/asia-lutheran-seminary/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia+Lutheran+Seminary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Fasia-lutheran-seminary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/east-asia/">"East Asia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927202350/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/east-asia/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Feast-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/india/">"India"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803125326/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/india/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Findia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/indonesia/">"Indonesia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927201405/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/indonesia/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Findonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/pakistan/">"Pakistan"</a>. September 6, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927184756/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/pakistan/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Fpakistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/philippines/">"Philippines"</a>. January 16, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001161438/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/philippines/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philippines&rft.date=2020-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Fphilippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/thailand/">"Thailand"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001161905/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/thailand/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thailand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Fthailand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/vietnam/">"Vietnam – Hmong Outreach"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408200507/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/asia/vietnam/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam+%E2%80%93+Hmong+Outreach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Fasia%2Fvietnam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/albania/">"Albania"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927191155/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/albania/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Feurope%2Falbania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/bulgaria/">"Bulgaria – Outreach to Roma"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803212833/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/bulgaria/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Outreach+to+Roma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Feurope%2Fbulgaria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/russia/">"Russia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805103645/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/russia/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Feurope%2Frussia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/ukraine/">"Ukraine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001165534/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/europe/ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Feurope%2Fukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forwardinchrist.net/academia-cristo-brings-new-opportunities-to-share-the-gospel/">"Academia Cristo brings new opportunities to share the gospel"</a>. September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208200406/https://forwardinchrist.net/academia-cristo-brings-new-opportunities-to-share-the-gospel/">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academia+Cristo+brings+new+opportunities+to+share+the+gospel&rft.date=2019-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforwardinchrist.net%2Facademia-cristo-brings-new-opportunities-to-share-the-gospel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/bolivia/">"Bolivia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803212333/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/bolivia/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bolivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Flatin-america%2Fbolivia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/brazil/">"Brazil"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518135849/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/brazil/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Flatin-america%2Fbrazil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/colombia/">"Colombia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927192730/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/colombia/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colombia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Flatin-america%2Fcolombia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/ecuador/">"Ecuador"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001160326/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/ecuador/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecuador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Flatin-america%2Fecuador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/dominican-republic/">"Dominican Republic"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927194215/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/dominican-republic/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dominican+Republic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Flatin-america%2Fdominican-republic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/haiti/">"Haiti"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001163652/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/haiti/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haiti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Flatin-america%2Fhaiti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/mexico/">"Mexico"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805110558/https://wels.net/serving-others/missions/latin-america/mexico/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-others%2Fmissions%2Flatin-america%2Fmexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/annual-report-newmissionaries-2020/">"New missionaries commissioned"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CONNECTING+CAMPUS+TO+CHRIST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fserving-you%2Fchristian-life%2Fcampus-ministry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/wisconsin-lutheran-chapel-madison-wis/">"Wisconsin Lutheran Chapel, Madison, Wis"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wisconsin+Lutheran+Chapel%2C+Madison%2C+Wis.&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwels.net%2Fwisconsin-lutheran-chapel-madison-wis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlchapel.org/im-new/welcome/">"Welcome to Chapel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200302044918/https://www.wlchapel.org/im-new/welcome/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Chapel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlchapel.org%2Fim-new%2Fwelcome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wels.net/serving-others/christian-aid-relief/">"Christian Aid & Relief"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423155429/https://wels.net/serving-others/christian-aid-relief/">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Milwaukee: Northwestern Publishing House, 1911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianworship.com/">"Christian Worship"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417140136/https://www.christianworship.com/">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Worship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianworship.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yearbook-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook_98-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook_98-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_986.asp">"Historic Archive CD and <i>Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches</i>"</a>. The National Council of Churches. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411123939/http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_986.asp">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Archive+CD+and+Yearbook+of+American+%26+Canadian+Churches&rft.pub=The+National+Council+of+Churches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FDenoms%2FD_986.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCMS-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RCMS_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCMS_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For a county by county map, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/pics/geo200/religion/wels.gif">Wisconsin Synod Adherents as a percentage of all Residents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121212845/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/pics/geo200/religion/wels.gif">Archived</a> January 21, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, or for a state by state map, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_896_d.asp">"2000 Religious Congregations and Membership Study"</a>. Glenmary Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411115259/http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_896_d.asp">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2000+Religious+Congregations+and+Membership+Study&rft.pub=Glenmary+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FDenoms%2FD_896_d.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Evangelical+Lutheran+Synod" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Wolf, Edmund Jacob. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thelutheransinam00wolfuoft">The Lutherans in America: A Story of Struggle, Progress, Influence and Marvelous Growth</a></i>. New York: J. A. Hill. 1889.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#5a70c1; color:#FFFFFF;;background:#5d826d;color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cameroon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lutheran_Church_of_Cameroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Lutheran Church of Cameroon (page does not exist)">The Lutheran Church of Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malawi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Central_Africa" title="Lutheran Church of Central Africa">Lutheran Church of Central Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints_Lutheran_Church_of_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="All Saints Lutheran Church of Nigeria (page does not exist)">All Saints Lutheran Church of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_the_King_Lutheran_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christ the King Lutheran Church (page does not exist)">Christ the King Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zambia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Central_Africa" title="Lutheran Church of Central Africa">Lutheran Church of Central Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#5a70c1; color:#FFFFFF;;background:#5d826d;color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Australia">Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutheran_Church_of_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutheran Church of Indonesia (page does not exist)">Lutheran Church of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutheran_Evangelical_Christian_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutheran Evangelical Christian Church (page does not exist)">Lutheran Evangelical Christian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Seoul_Canaan_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Seoul Canaan Church (page does not exist)">East Seoul Canaan Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#5a70c1; color:#FFFFFF;;background:#5d826d;color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Free_Church_(Germany)" title="Evangelical Lutheran Free Church (Germany)">Evangelical Lutheran Free Church - Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_Lutheran_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian Lutheran Church (page does not exist)">Bulgarian Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czech Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czech_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czech Evangelical Lutheran Church (page does not exist)">Czech Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Lutheran_Confessional_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Lutheran Confessional Church (page does not exist)">Evangelical Lutheran Confessional Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Free_Church_(Germany)" title="Evangelical Lutheran Free Church (Germany)">Evangelical Lutheran Free Church - Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latvia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessional_Lutheran_Church_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confessional Lutheran Church in Latvia (page does not exist)">Confessional Lutheran Church in Latvia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Confessional_Church" title="Lutheran Confessional Church">Lutheran Confessional Church - Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church of Portugal">Lutheran Church of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_%22Concord%22" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church "Concord"">Concord Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Confessional_Church" title="Lutheran Confessional Church">Lutheran Confessional Church - Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Lutheran_Church" title="Ukrainian Lutheran Church">Ukrainian Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#5a70c1; color:#FFFFFF;;background:#5d826d;color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="Latin_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Latin America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Church (Mexico)">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod_(Peru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synod (Peru) (page does not exist)">Peruvian Evangelical Lutheran Confessional Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#5a70c1; color:#FFFFFF;;background:#5d826d;color:#FFFFFF;"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WELS-Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="WELS-Canada">WELS-Canada</a> (part of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">WELS</a> in the USA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Puerto Rico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Lutheran_Confessional_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Lutheran Confessional Church (page does not exist)">Evangelical Lutheran Confessional Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#5a70c1; color:#FFFFFF;;padding:5px 0 5px 0;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council" title="International Lutheran Council"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">International Lutheran Council</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">The Lutheran World Federation</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">Evangelicalism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Baptist" title="Independent Baptist">Independent Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Baptists" title="Missionary Baptists">Missionary Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_Church_Network" title="Venture Church Network">Conservative Baptist Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Will_Baptist" title="Free Will Baptist">Free Will Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Association_of_Regular_Baptist_Churches" title="General Association of Regular Baptist Churches">General Association of Regular Baptist Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Cleveland,_Tennessee)" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Church" title="Foursquare Church">Foursquare Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Pentecostal Church of God">Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Holiness_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal Holiness Church">Pentecostal Holiness Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Pentecostal">Apostolic Pentecostal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_churches_and_churches_of_Christ" title="Christian churches and churches of Christ">Christian churches and churches of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalism" title="Congregationalism">Congregationalist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Congregational_Christian_Conference" title="Conservative Congregational Christian Conference">Conservative Congregational Christian Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Church" title="Wesleyan Church">Wesleyan Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Anderson,_Indiana)" title="Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)">Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Higher_Life_movement" title="Higher Life movement">Keswickian family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America" title="Christian Reformed Church in North America">Christian Reformed Church in North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Association of Vineyard Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Chapel_Association" title="Calvary Chapel Association">Calvary Chapel Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Statement_on_Biblical_Inerrancy" title="Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy">Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist%E2%80%93modernist_controversy" title="Fundamentalist–modernist controversy">Fundamentalist–modernist controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Ridge_Revival" title="Cane Ridge Revival">Cane Ridge Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Great_Awakening" title="Third Great Awakening">Third Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Great_Awakening" title="Fourth Great Awakening">Fourth Great Awakening</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_revival" title="Healing revival">Healing revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Crusade_(1949)" title="Los Angeles Crusade (1949)">Los Angeles Crusade (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_1800" title="Revival of 1800">Revival of 1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thought</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_by_fire" title="Baptism by fire">Baptism by fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_with_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Baptism with the Holy Spirit">Baptism with the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believers%27_Church" title="Believers' Church">Believers' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Biblical inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_patriarchy" title="Biblical patriarchy">Biblical patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_womanhood" title="Biblical womanhood">Biblical womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Christianity and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_theology" title="Decision theology">Decision theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_theology" title="Evangelical theology">Evangelical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Gospel" title="Full Gospel">Full Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_theology" title="Kingdom theology">Kingdom theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Quiverfull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_work_of_grace" title="Second work of grace">Second work of grace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_call" title="Altar call">Altar call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship" title="Contemporary worship">Contemporary worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">Contemporary worship music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourner%27s_bench" title="Mourner's bench">Mourner's bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_warrior" title="Prayer warrior">Prayer warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_meeting" title="Revival meeting">Revival meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_revival" title="Tent revival">Tent revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinner%27s_prayer" title="Sinner's prayer">Sinner's prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_church" title="Bible church">Bible church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megachurch" title="Megachurch">Megachurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">Televangelism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic-Prophetic_Movement" title="Apostolic-Prophetic Movement">Apostolic-Prophetic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bapticostal_movement" title="Bapticostal movement">Bapticostal movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exvangelical" title="Exvangelical">Exvangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-evangelicalism" title="Post-evangelicalism">Post-evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Reformation" title="New Apostolic Reformation">New Apostolic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-Letter_Christians" title="Red-Letter Christians">Red-Letter Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Mountain_Mandate" title="Seven Mountain Mandate">Seven Mountain Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformational_Christianity" title="Transformational Christianity">Transformational Christianity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Biblical_Manhood_and_Womanhood" title="Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood">Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Climate_Initiative" title="Evangelical Climate Initiative">Evangelical Climate Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_and_Ecumenical_Women%27s_Caucus" title="Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus">Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Bible_Institute" title="Moody Bible Institute">Moody Bible Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Evangelicals" title="National Association of Evangelicals">National Association of Evangelicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Broadcasters" title="National Religious Broadcasters">National Religious Broadcasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promise_Keepers" title="Promise Keepers">Promise Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision_United_States" title="World Vision United States">World Vision United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Christ" title="Youth for Christ">Youth for Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson" title="Aimee Semple McPherson">Aimee Semple McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Sunday" title="Billy Sunday">Billy Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._I._Scofield" title="C. I. Scofield">C. I. Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grandison_Finney" title="Charles Grandison Finney">Charles Grandison Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody" title="Dwight L. Moody">Dwight L. Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Graham" title="Franklin Graham">Franklin Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Jerry Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379931#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379931#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379931#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108168981">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151981910">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50057095">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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