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Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Kneale&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22William+Kneale%22">"William Kneale"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22William+Kneale%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22William+Kneale%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22William+Kneale%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22William+Kneale%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22William+Kneale%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Calvert Kneale</b> (22 June 1906 – 24 June 1990) was an <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Logician" class="mw-redirect" title="Logician">logician</a> best known for his 1962 book <i>The Development of Logic</i>, a history of logic from its beginnings in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> written with his wife <a href="/wiki/Martha_Kneale" title="Martha Kneale">Martha</a>. Kneale was also known as a <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">philosopher of science</a> and the author of a book on <a href="/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inductive_reasoning" title="Inductive reasoning">induction</a>. Educated at the Liverpool Institute High School for boys, he later became a fellow of <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a>, and in 1960 succeeded to the <a href="/wiki/White%27s_Professor_of_Moral_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="White's Professor of Moral Philosophy">White's Professor of Moral Philosophy</a> previously occupied by the linguistic philosopher <a href="/wiki/J._L._Austin" title="J. L. Austin">J. L. Austin</a>. He retired in 1966. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Kneale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kneale's interest in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_logic" title="History of logic">history of logic</a> began in the 1940s. The focus of much of Kneale's early work was the legacy of the work of the 19th century logician <a href="/wiki/George_Boole" title="George Boole">George Boole</a>. His first major publication in the history of logic was his paper "Boole and the Revival of Logic," published in the philosophy journal <a href="/wiki/Mind_(journal)" title="Mind (journal)">Mind</a> in 1948. He was also the author of a number of papers in <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_logic" title="Philosophical logic">philosophical logic</a>, particularly on the nature of <a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">truth</a> for <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural languages</a>, and the role that linguistic concepts play in the treatment of logical <a href="/wiki/Paradoxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradoxes">paradoxes</a>. </p><p>Kneale worked on his great history of logic from 1947 to 1957 together with his wife Martha (who was responsible for the chapters on the ancient Greeks). The result was the 800-page <i>The Development of Logic</i>, first published in 1962, which went through five impressions before going into a second, paperback, edition in 1984. </p><p>The 'History' is commonly referred to in the academic world simply as "Kneale and Kneale". It was the only major history of logic available in English in the mid-twentieth century, and the first major history of logic in English since <i>The Development of Symbolic Logic</i> published in 1906 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._T._Shearman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. T. Shearman (page does not exist)">A. T. Shearman</a>. The treatise has been a standard work in the history of logic for decades. </p><p>In 1938 he married <a href="/wiki/Martha_Kneale" title="Martha Kneale">Martha Hurst</a>; they had two children, George (born 1942) and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Heal" title="Jane Heal">Jane (married name Heal)</a>; born 1946). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Kneale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Thomas Drucker and <a href="/wiki/Irving_H._Anellis" class="mw-redirect" title="Irving H. Anellis">Irving H. Anellis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?handle=euclid.rml/1204834969&view=body&content-type=pdf_1">'William Kneale' memorial notice</a>, <i>Modern Logic</i> Volume 3, Number 2 (1993), 158–161.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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