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marta līdz 31. maijam\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eiropas_ģerboņu_vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eiropas_ģerboņu_vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eiropas ģerboņu vēsture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eiropas_ģerboņu_vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ģerboņu_saņemšana_un_lietošana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ģerboņu_saņemšana_un_lietošana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ģerboņu saņemšana un lietošana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ģerboņu_saņemšana_un_lietošana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polijas_un_Lietuvas_ģerboņi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polijas_un_Lietuvas_ģerboņi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Polijas un Lietuvas ģerboņi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polijas_un_Lietuvas_ģerboņi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ģerboņi_ārpuseiropas_heraldikās" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ģerboņi_ārpuseiropas_heraldikās"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ģerboņi ārpuseiropas heraldikās</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ģerboņi_ārpuseiropas_heraldikās-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ģerboņa_sastāvdaļas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ģerboņa_sastāvdaļas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ģerboņa sastāvdaļas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ģerboņa_sastāvdaļas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatūra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatūra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatūra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatūra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Satura rādītājs" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ģerbonis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 96 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapen_(heraldiek)" title="Wapen (heraldiek) – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wapen (heraldiek)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wappen" title="Wappen – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wappen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%88%84%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9B" title="ብሄራዊ አርማ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ብሄራዊ አርማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="شعار النبالة – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعار النبالة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="شعار النباله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعار النباله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerb" title="Gerb – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gerb" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%85" title="آرم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woppn" title="Woppn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Woppn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grb" title="Grb – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Grb" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Һүлдэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һүлдэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escut_d%27armes" title="Escut d'armes – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escut d'armes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="ХӀост – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀост" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erb" title="Erb – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Erb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Ꙁнакъ – baznīcslāvu" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙁнакъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="baznīcslāvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arfbais" title="Arfbais – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arfbais" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5ben_(heraldik)" title="Våben (heraldik) – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Våben (heraldik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wappen" title="Wappen – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wappen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Εθνόσημο – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνόσημο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coat of arms" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazono" title="Blazono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blazono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blas%C3%B3n" title="Blasón – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Blasón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapp" title="Vapp – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vapp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armarri" title="Armarri – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Armarri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%85)" title="نشان (آرم) – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشان (آرم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaakuna" title="Vaakuna – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaakuna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapp" title="Vapp – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vapp" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blason_(h%C3%A9raldique)" title="Blason (héraldique) – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Blason (héraldique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armas" title="Armas – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Armas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearradh-arm" title="Gearradh-arm – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearradh-arm" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99" title="שלט הרלדי – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלט הרלדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="राज्यचिह्न – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राज्यचिह्न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Coat of arms" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grb" title="Grb – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grb" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADmer" title="Címer – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Címer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Զինանշան – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զինանշան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambang_kebesaran" title="Lambang kebesaran – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lambang kebesaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazono" title="Blazono – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Blazono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skjaldarmerki" title="Skjaldarmerki – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skjaldarmerki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemma" title="Stemma – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stemma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0" title="紋章 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紋章" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambang_nagara" title="Lambang nagara – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lambang nagara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გერბი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერბი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%A5_(%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95)" title="문장 (상징) – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문장 (상징)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – karačaju un balkāru" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karačaju un balkāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Канпас – komiešu" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Канпас" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insigne" title="Insigne – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insigne" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wopen" title="Wopen – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wopen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilembo-nkita" title="Bilembo-nkita – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bilembo-nkita" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbas" title="Herbas – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Herbas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Грб – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jata" title="Jata – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapen_(Heraldik)" title="Wapen (Heraldik) – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wapen (Heraldik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapen_(heraldiek)" title="Wapen (heraldiek) – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wapen (heraldiek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldiske_v%C3%A5pen" title="Heraldiske våpen – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Heraldiske våpen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5pen_(heraldikk)" title="Våpen (heraldikk) – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Våpen (heraldikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Atchusson" title="Êtchusson – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êtchusson" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blason" title="Blason – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Blason" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – osetīnu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb" title="Herb – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%A3o" title="Brasão – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brasão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallqanqa_sanancha" title="Wallqanqa sanancha – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wallqanqa sanancha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem%C4%83" title="Stemă – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stemă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grb" title="Grb – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grb" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coat of arms" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erb" title="Erb – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Erb" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grb" title="Grb – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grb" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stema" title="Stema – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stema" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Грб – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldiskt_vapen" title="Heraldiskt vapen – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Heraldiskt vapen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapyn" title="Wapyn – silēziešu" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wapyn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1" title="ตราอาร์ม – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตราอาร์ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskudo_de_armas" title="Eskudo de armas – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Eskudo de armas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Сүлде – tuviešu" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Сүлде" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ریاستی نشان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستی نشان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerb" title="Gerb – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gerb" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stema" title="Stema – venēciešu" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stema" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venēciešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_hi%E1%BB%87u_%C3%A1o_gi%C3%A1p" title="Phù hiệu áo giáp – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phù hiệu áo giáp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B6t" title="Sköt – volapiks" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sköt" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B9%E7%AB%A0" title="纹章 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纹章" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გერბი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერბი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91" title="הערב – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הערב" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0" title="紋章 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="紋章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0" title="紋章 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="紋章" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AEn-p%C3%A2i-chiong" title="Pîn-pâi-chiong – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pîn-pâi-chiong" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hoplites.jpg/400px-Hoplites.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Sengrieķu <a href="/wiki/Hopliti" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopliti">hoplitu</a> individuālo simbolu rekonstrukcija</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ģerbonis</b> ir simbolisks grafisks attēls vai reljefa atveidojums, kas apliecina ģerboņa nēsātāja piederību dzimtai, pilsētai, kopienai, valstij, organizācijai, kuras simbols ir šis konkrētais ģerbonis, kuru nevar lietot neviens, kurš nav piederīgs šo ģerboni lietojošai dzimtai, pilsētai, kopienai, valstij, organizācijai. Ģerboņa raksturojumu sniedz nevis tā pretskatā, bet gan no ģerboņa nēsātāja puses. </p><p>Eiropā lietotie ģerboņi tiek darināti, strikti ievērojot <a href="/wiki/Heraldika" title="Heraldika">heraldikā</a> (zinātne par ģerboņiem) pieņemtos ģerboņu veidošanas noteikumus un principus. </p><p>Pastāv individuālie un <a href="/wiki/Dzimtu_%C4%A3erbo%C5%86i_Latvij%C4%81" title="Dzimtu ģerboņi Latvijā">dzimtu ģerboņi</a>, valsts un komunālie, biedrību un organizāciju ģerboņi. Tie nav kārtas piederības pazīme un nenozīmē piederību muižniecībai. Jau XIII gs. ģerboņi parādījās arī pilsoņiem, amatniekiem, turīgākajiem zemniekiem, cunftēm un pilsētām. Kārtas atšķirības noteica tajos esošie heraldiskie simboli: kroņa forma, ķiveres forma, vairoga turētājas figūras u.c. Jaunākajos laikos ģerboņi, kaut atšķirīgi no klasiskajā Rietumeiropas heraldikā pieņemtajiem standartiem, parādījās arī <a href="/wiki/Valsts" title="Valsts">valstīm</a>. Vēsturē ir bijuši gadījumi juridiski reglamentēt ģerboņu pieņemšanu un lietošanu, taču galu galā vienīgie ierobežojumi ir tas, ka aizliegts piesavināties jau esošu svešu ģerboni, kā arī lietot sev neatbilstošus simbolus. Šobrīd ar likumdošanu reglamentēta ir tikai valstu ģerboņu izmantošana. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Siebmacher087.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Siebmacher087.jpg/200px-Siebmacher087.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Siebmacher087.jpg/300px-Siebmacher087.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Siebmacher087.jpg/400px-Siebmacher087.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3028" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>Lappuse no Zībmahera ģerboņu kataloga (1605.g.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Viduslaikos un jaunajos laikos heraldikas speciālisti uzskatīja, ka ģerbonis ir tikai konkrēta grafiska zīme vai to kombinācija, ko indivīds izmanto kā savu simbolu, līdz ar to sāka savus teorētiskos apcerējumus jau ar Bībelē atrodamo zīmju un emblēmu uzskaitījumu. XIX gs. tika nodefinēts, ka ģerbonis saistās ar vienu noteiktu dzimtu vai teritoriju, ir mantojams, pakļaujas heraldikas noteikumiem, tā centrālā daļa ir vairogs, ko papildina ķivere u.c. ģerboņa elementi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eiropas_ģerboņu_vēsture"><span id="Eiropas_.C4.A3erbo.C5.86u_v.C4.93sture"></span>Eiropas ģerboņu vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Eiropas ģerboņu vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Eiropas ģerboņu vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg/150px-Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg/225px-Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg/300px-Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henrijs_II_Plantagenets" title="Henrijs II Plantagenets">Henrijs II Plantagenets</a>, lietoja kā ģerboni Normandijas hercogistes zelta leopardus sarkanā laukā</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:England_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/England_COA.svg/150px-England_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/England_COA.svg/225px-England_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/England_COA.svg/300px-England_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Anglijas karaļu un Normandijas hercogi, kļūstot arī par Akvitānijas hercogiem, apvienoja vienu Akvitānijas hercogistes leopardu ar abiem Normandijas hercogistes leopardiem</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Royal_Arms_of_England_(1340-1367).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg/150px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg/225px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg/300px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281340-1367%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edvards_III_Plantagenets" title="Edvards III Plantagenets">Edvards III Plantagenets</a> iekļāva ģerbonī <a href="/wiki/Kapetingu_dinastija" title="Kapetingu dinastija">Kapetingu dinastijas</a> zelta lilijas uz zila lauka, lai uzsvērtu savas tiesības uz Francijas troni.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eiropas heraldikas pirmsākumi meklējami XII gs. Rietumeiropā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herolds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herolds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">heroldu</a> darbībā, kuri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turn%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turnīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">turnīros</a> izskaidroja <a href="/wiki/Bru%C5%86inieks" title="Bruņinieks">bruņinieku</a> ģerboņu nozīmi. Vēlākos gadsimtos tika izveidotas <i>heraldijas</i> — iestādes, kuras uzraudzīja konkrēta ģerboņa "autortiesību" ievērošanu. Taču pašu ģerboņu (pareizāk, protoģerboņu) vēsture ir daudz senāka, jo jau <a href="/wiki/Akmens_laikmets" title="Akmens laikmets">akmens laikmeta</a> kultūrās sastopam īpašas zīmes, sejas krāsojumu, galvasrotas, tetovējumus, kuru vienīgā funkcija ir paust tā īpašnieka piederību konkrētai dzimtai, klanam, sociālajam statusam vai rangam, nodrošināja atpazīstamību. <a href="/wiki/B%C4%ABbele" title="Bībele">Bībelē</a> lasām: "Ikviens lai nostājas pie sava pulka nozīmes, — pie emblēmas, kas apzīmē viņa tēva namu..." (IV Mozus gr., 2:2). Līdz ar to daudzi elementi no senajiem laikiem — piemēram, persiešu <a href="/wiki/Sasan%C4%ABdu_imp%C4%93rija" title="Sasanīdu impērija">Sasanīdu impērijas</a> simbols <a href="/wiki/Grifs" class="mw-redirect" title="Grifs">grifs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salad%C4%ABns" title="Saladīns">Saladina</a> emblemā esošais <a href="/wiki/%C4%92rg%C4%BCi_(putni)" title="Ērgļi (putni)">ērglis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallija" title="Gallija">gallu</a> karavīru bruņucepures rotājošie ragi, spārni, zvērādas u.c., — tika pārņemti <a href="/wiki/Viduslaiki" title="Viduslaiki">viduslaiku</a> <a href="/wiki/Eiropa" title="Eiropa">Eiropas</a> ģerboņos. </p><p>Jau XI gs. Eiropā nobilitāte lietoja kaujas karogus, ap kuriem pulcēties karadraudzei, kuros bija heraldiskās zīmes. Pirmais solis uz ģerboni tika sperts, kad šo zīmi ievietoja arī vairogā un sāka pārmantot dēli no tēva. </p><p>Sistemātiski (mantojami, dzimtu apzīmējoši) ģerboņi Rietumeiropā parādījās XII gs. Viens no senākajiem heraldisko zīmju attēlojumiem ir sienassega Baijē baznīcā, kurā izšūta Heistingsas kauja starp <a href="/wiki/Normandijas_hercogi" title="Normandijas hercogi">Normandijas hercogu</a> <a href="/wiki/Viljams_I_Iekarot%C4%81js" title="Viljams I Iekarotājs">Gijomu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Anglijas_Karaliste" title="Anglijas Karaliste">Anglijas</a> <a href="/wiki/Karalis" title="Karalis">karali</a> <a href="/wiki/Harolds_Godvinsons" title="Harolds Godvinsons">Haroldu Godvinsonu</a>. 72 epizodēs vieniem un tiem pašiem varoņiem ir dažādām emblēmām un krāsām rotāti vairogi, neviena no šīm zīmēm nav atrodama viņu pēcnācēju ģerboņos; savukārt viņu karogos redzamās emblēmas lielākā daļa ir kļuvušas par to pēcnācēju ģerboņu elementiem. Arī abus naidīgos karaspēkus apzīmē karogi ar konkrētām emblēmām: <a href="/wiki/Krusts" title="Krusts">krusts</a> <a href="/wiki/Norma%C5%86i" title="Normaņi">normaņiem</a> un <a href="/wiki/Drakons" class="mw-redirect" title="Drakons">drakons</a> <a href="/wiki/Ang%C4%BCi" title="Angļi">angļiem</a>. Savukārt pirmais <a href="/wiki/Anglijas_Karaliste" title="Anglijas Karaliste">Anglijas Karalistes</a> <a href="/wiki/Karalis" title="Karalis">karalis</a>, kuram bez dzimtas simbola parādijās arī individuālais ģerbonis, bija <a href="/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dards_I_Lauvassirds" title="Ričards I Lauvassirds">Ričards I Lauvassirds</a>. </p><p>Visticamāk, dzimtu ģerboņu ieviešanu diktējuši praktiski apsvērumi: XII gs. sākumā notika pāreja skandināvu "kaskas" tipa ķiveres, kurā seja nebija aizsegta (vai aizsegta daļēji, ja no pieres daļas lejup bija vērsts vertikālais virsdegunes aizsargs), un slēgto "poda" tipa ķiveri. Līdz ar to <a href="/wiki/Bru%C5%86inieks" title="Bruņinieks">bruņinieks</a> kļuva anonīms un ārējas pazīšanās zīmes kļuva vitāli nepieciešamas. Otrs iemesls bija krusta kari, kuros piedalījās tik plašas karotāju masas, ka karaspēka vienību (kuras visas veidoja lielo <a href="/wiki/Aristokr%C4%81tija" title="Aristokrātija">aristokrātu</a> karadraudzes) savstarpējai atpazīšanai un manevrētspējai bija nepieciešamas atpazīšanas zīmes. Bez tam <a href="/wiki/Musulma%C5%86i" title="Musulmaņi">musulmaņu</a> karaspēka daļām un to vadoņiem jau bija savas emblēmas, kas praksē pierādīja to lietderīgumu. </p><p>Līdz ar to ģerboņu izcelšanās cieši saistīta ar ieročiem, tāpēc vairumā valodu ģerbonis un ierocis ir vai nu identiski, vai semantiski ļoti tuvi vārdi, piemēram, franču <i>armes</i> un <i>armoires</i>, angļu <i>arms</i>, vācu <i>Wappen</i> un <i>Waffen</i> utt. Latviešu valodā vārds „ģerbonis“ ienācis no krievu <i>герб</i> kas, savukārt, atvasināts no poļu <i>herb</i> un vācu <i>Erbe</i> (<i>mantojums</i>). </p><p>Ģerboņa figūru un krāsu izvēle heraldikas rašanās laikā bija haotiska un atkarīga tikai no bruņinieka gaumes un fantāzijas lidojuma. Tikai <a href="/wiki/Renesanse" title="Renesanse">Renesanses</a> laikā radās <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emblem%C4%81tika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emblemātika (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">emblemātika</a>, simbolu saistīšana ar alegorijām un literāriem tekstiem, kas vēlāk ļāva radīt daudz skaistu leģendu par kādu ģerboņu izcelšanos un tajos attēloto zīmju simbolisko jēgu. </p><p>Analizējot 32 senākos ģerboņus, kas datējami ar laiku no 1150. Līdz 1180. gadam, tajos kā heraldisko zīmi redzam: lauvu, ērgli, merleti, siju, spāri, šaha dalījumu, krustu, vairoga galvu, trešeru, pusmēnesi, labības kūli. Populārākā figūra ir ērglis, kas parādās Svētās Romas impērijas sastāvā ietilpstošo 13 valdnieku (<a href="/wiki/Lotringa" title="Lotringa">Lotringas</a> <a href="/wiki/Hercogs" title="Hercogs">hercoga</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leiningena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leiningena (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Leiningenas</a> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%81fs" title="Grāfs">grāfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">Austrijas</a> hercoga, <a href="/wiki/Brandenburga" title="Brandenburga">Brandenburgas</a> <a href="/wiki/Markgr%C4%81fs" class="mw-redirect" title="Markgrāfs">markgrāfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sil%C4%93zija" title="Silēzija">Silēzijas</a> hercoga u.c.) ģerboņos. Ar citiem elementiem papildinātas figūras parādās XII gs. 70. gados (1174. gadā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dillingena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dillingena (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dillingenas</a> grāfa Hartmaņa (<i>Hartmann</i>) ģerbonī jau bija attēlota spāre starp četriem lauvām). Primārais ģerboņa uzdevums bija atšķirība, tāpēc Austrijas hercogi atteicās no ērgļa (kurš bija daudzu citu valdnieku ģerboņos), sākot lietot sudraba siju sarkanā laukā; Leiningenas grāfi viena ērgļa vietā ieviesa trīs, Lotringas hercogs ērgli nomainīja pret 3 maziem ērglīšiem — <i>alerioniem</i>, — kas tika novietoti uz labās spāres, bet Silēzijas hercogi uz sava ērgļa spārniem uzlika pusmēnesi ar trejlapja galiem. Laika gaitā ģerboņu vairogi tika ietverti ar mantijām, spalvu rotājumiem, papildināti ar dažādām spalvām vairoga turētājfigūrām utt. </p><p>Sākās ģerboņu sazarošanās un papildināšanās, radot nepieciešamību tos sistematizēt un definēt veidošanas principus, kas pamazām ļāva izveidoties zinātnei par ģerboņiem, <b><a href="/wiki/Heraldika" title="Heraldika">heraldikai</a></b>. Savukārt, redzot atbilstoši heraldikas likumiem izveidotu ģerboni, zinātājs varēja noteikt tā valkātāja dzimtu, radniecību, sociālo statusu sabiedrībā, civilstāvokli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ģerboņu_saņemšana_un_lietošana"><span id=".C4.A2erbo.C5.86u_sa.C5.86em.C5.A1ana_un_lieto.C5.A1ana"></span>Ģerboņu saņemšana un lietošana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Ģerboņu saņemšana un lietošana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ģerboņu saņemšana un lietošana"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Arms_of_Richard_of_Bordeaux,_Prince_of_Wales_(later_Richard_II).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Arms_of_Richard_of_Bordeaux%2C_Prince_of_Wales_%28later_Richard_II%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_Richard_of_Bordeaux%2C_Prince_of_Wales_%28later_Richard_II%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Arms_of_Richard_of_Bordeaux%2C_Prince_of_Wales_%28later_Richard_II%29.svg/225px-Arms_of_Richard_of_Bordeaux%2C_Prince_of_Wales_%28later_Richard_II%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Arms_of_Richard_of_Bordeaux%2C_Prince_of_Wales_%28later_Richard_II%29.svg/300px-Arms_of_Richard_of_Bordeaux%2C_Prince_of_Wales_%28later_Richard_II%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>josta ģerboņa augšdaļā liecina, ka tas ir troņmantnieka, <a href="/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dards_II_Plantagenets" title="Ričards II Plantagenets">Velsas prinča</a> ģerbonis</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Royal_Arms_of_England_(1554-1558).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281554-1558%29.svg/150px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281554-1558%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281554-1558%29.svg/225px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281554-1558%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Royal_Arms_of_England_%281554-1558%29.svg/300px-Royal_Arms_of_England_%281554-1558%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>ģerbonis (1554—1558) liecina, ka tā <a href="/wiki/Marija_Tjudora" title="Marija Tjudora">īpašnieks</a> ir <a href="/wiki/%C4%AArija" title="Īrija">Īrijas</a> un <a href="/wiki/Anglijas_Karaliste" title="Anglijas Karaliste">Anglijas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neapole" title="Neapole">Neapoles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragona" title="Aragona">Aragonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%BCorka" title="Maļorka">Maļorkas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valensijas_apgabals" title="Valensijas apgabals">Valensijas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sic%C4%ABlija" title="Sicīlija">Sicīlijas</a> un <a href="/wiki/N%C4%ABderlande" title="Nīderlande">Nīderlandes</a> savienoto provinču un <a href="/wiki/Barselona" title="Barselona">Barselonas</a> monarhs</figcaption></figure> <p>XIV gs. <a href="/wiki/Heraldika" title="Heraldika">heraldika</a> kļuva par mācību priekšmetu <a href="/wiki/Universit%C4%81te" title="Universitāte">universitātēs</a>. Šajā laikā parādījās pirmie t.s. „diplomu ģerboņi“, t.i. ģerboņi, kurus piešķir, ieceļot <a href="/wiki/Aristokr%C4%81tija" title="Aristokrātija">aristokrātijas</a> rangā, <a href="/wiki/Monarhs" title="Monarhs">monarhs</a> saviem <a href="/wiki/Vasalis" title="Vasalis">vasaļiem</a>. <a href="/wiki/Valsts_kanceleja" class="mw-redirect" title="Valsts kanceleja">Valsts kanceleja</a> sāka iekasēt par ģerboņu piešķiršanu maksu. </p><p>Ģerbonis pamazām sāka kļūt arī par ārējo piederības zīmi muižniecībai. <a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%93t%C4%81_Romas_imp%C4%93rija" title="Svētā Romas impērija">Sv. Romas impērijas</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperators" title="Imperators">imperators</a> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C4%ABdrihs_III_H%C4%81bsburgs" title="Frīdrihs III Hābsburgs">Frīdrihs III Hābsburgs</a> 1467. gadā izdeva pirmo dekrētu par aizliegumu nedižciltīgajiem pieņemt sev ģerboņus. Šādi rīkojās arī daudzi citi monarhi pēc viņa, tomēr nedižciltīgo personu ģerboņu veidošana un lietošana turpinājās. I. Lancmanis min (50. lpp.) piemēru, kā „1644. gadā <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tērbatas</a> pilsonis tika saukts tiesas priekšā par to, ka viņa māsa bija uzstādījusi baznīcā sava mirušā vīra epitāfiju, kurā vairogs bija segts ar atvērto, muižniecībai piederīgo ķiveri, nevis ar slēgto bruņucepuri, kāda pienācās pilsoņu kārtai. … Visa Baltijas pilsonisko dzimtu heraldika rāda, ka pilsoņi lietojuši ne tikai atvērtās, resp., stīpu ķiveres, bet arī pēc patikas likuši uz tām t.s. muižniecības kroņus.“ </p><p>1696. gadā <a href="/wiki/Francija" title="Francija">Francijas</a> <a href="/wiki/Karalis" title="Karalis">karalis</a> <a href="/wiki/Luijs_XIV" title="Luijs XIV">Luijs XIV Burbons</a> iedibināja vispārējo ģerboņu katalogu (fr. <i>Armorial général</i>), kurā pārbaudīja esošos ģerboņus un reģistrēja jaunus. Līdz 1709. gadam (kad ģerboņu reģistrācija tika pārtraukta), bija apstiprināti un reģistrēti jauni vairāk nekā 110 000 ģerboņu. XVIII gs. šī sistēma Francijā vairs nepastāvēja, dižciltības titulus masveidā sāka uzpirkt turību ieguvusī pilsonība, personas brīvi izvēlējās sev ģerboņus, kurus katrs vēlējās pēc iespējas greznākus, veicot tajā patvaļīgus neheraldiskus „uzlabojumus“. Pēc ģerboņa zīmēm un kroņa vairs nevarēja noteikt tā īpašnieka sociālo rangu, radniecību un izcelsmi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polijas_un_Lietuvas_ģerboņi"><span id="Polijas_un_Lietuvas_.C4.A3erbo.C5.86i"></span>Polijas un Lietuvas ģerboņi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Polijas un Lietuvas ģerboņi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Polijas un Lietuvas ģerboņi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDe%C4%8Dpospolita" title="Žečpospolita">Žečpospolitas</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%BCahta" title="Šļahta">šļahtas</a> ģerboņiem ir īpaša vieta heraldikā. Sākotnēji tie parādījās kā novadu zemessardzes karogu emblēmas, un to pamatā bija <a href="/wiki/Tamga" title="Tamga">tamgas</a> (bulta, krusts, zvaigzne, dzirnakmens utt.). Šādu karogu skaits bija visai pastāvīgs (aptuveni 300), un ģimene, saņemot aristokrātijas titulu vai iekļūstot bruņniecībā, tika "pierakstīta" pie kāda no šiem karogiem. Līdz ar to emblēma bija vienlaicīgi vairāku dzimtu ģerboņos, kas nav raksturīgi citu valstu heraldikai. No šīs sistēmas atvasinās Žečpospolitai raksturīgie dubultuzvārdi, kur pirmā daļa apzīmē piederību konkrētajam ģerboņa simbolam, bet otrā daļa — pašu dzimtu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ģerboņi_ārpuseiropas_heraldikās"><span id=".C4.A2erbo.C5.86i_.C4.81rpuseiropas_heraldik.C4.81s"></span>Ģerboņi ārpuseiropas heraldikās</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Ģerboņi ārpuseiropas heraldikās" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ģerboņi ārpuseiropas heraldikās"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Jap%C4%81nas_heraldika" title="Japānas heraldika">Japānas heraldika</a> </i></div></dd> <dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Tamga" title="Tamga">Tamga</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ģerboņa_sastāvdaļas"><span id=".C4.A2erbo.C5.86a_sast.C4.81vda.C4.BCas"></span>Ģerboņa sastāvdaļas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Ģerboņa sastāvdaļas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ģerboņa sastāvdaļas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vairogs_(heraldika)" title="Vairogs (heraldika)">Vairogs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatūra"><span id="Literat.C5.ABra"></span>Literatūra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Literatūra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Literatūra"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lancmanis I., Heraldika. — Neputns, Rīga, 2007.</li> <li>Parker, James. A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry. Oxford: James Parker & Co., 1894 (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1970)</li> <li>Dennys, Rodney. The Heraldic Imagination. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1975</li> <li>Elvins, Mark Turnham. Cardinals and Heraldry (Illustrated by Anselm Baker, foreword by Maurice Noël Léon Couve de Murville, preface by John Brooke-Little). London: Buckland Publications, 1988</li> <li>Fairbairn, James. Fairbairn’s Crests of the Families of Great Britain & Ireland. 2v. Revised ed. New York: Heraldic Publishing Co., 1911 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1986 in 1 vol.)</li> <li>Humphery-Smith, Cecil. Ed and Augmented General Armory Two, London, Tabard Press, 1973</li> <li>Innes of Learney, Sir Thomas "Scots Heraldry" 2nd ed, Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd, 1956</li> <li>Paul, James Balfour. An Ordinary of Arms Contained in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: W. Green & Sons, 1903</li> <li>Wagner, Sir Anthony R. Heralds of England: A History of the Office and College of Arms. London: HMSO, 1967</li> <li>Le Févre, Jean. A European Armorial: An Armorial of Knights of the Golden Fleece and 15th Century Europe. (Edited by Rosemary Pinches & Anthony Wood) * London: Heraldry Today, 1971</li> <li>Louda, Jiří and Michael Maclagan. Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe. New York: Clarkson Potter, 1981. Reprinted as Lines of Succession (London: Orbis, 1984)</li> <li>Rietstap, Johannes B. Armorial General. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1904-1926 (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1967)</li> <li>Siebmacher, Johann. J. Siebmacher’s Grosses und Allgemeines Wappenbuch Vermehrten Auglage. Nürnberg: Von Bauer & Raspe, 1890-1901</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2erbonis&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vesture.eu/index.php/%C4%A2erbonis">Ģerbonis</a> — Vēstures enciklopēdiskā vārdnīca</li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-060322">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85060322">sh85060322</a></span></li> <li>GND: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4064566-6">4064566-6</a></span></li> <li>NDL: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567841">00567841</a></span></li> <li>NKC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph127654&CON_LNG=ENG">ph127654</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Saturs iegūts no "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ģerbonis&oldid=4197772">https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ģerbonis&oldid=4197772</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorijas</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%A2erbo%C5%86i" title="Kategorija:Ģerboņi">Ģerboņi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Heraldika" title="Kategorija:Heraldika">Heraldika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Simboli" title="Kategorija:Simboli">Simboli</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šī lapa pēdējoreiz labota: 2024. gada 26. decembris plkst. 14.15.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teksts ir pieejams saskaņā ar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike licenci</a>; var pastāvēt papildu ierobežojumi. 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