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principal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: principal"> <meta name="keywords" content="principal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="principal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 854</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: principal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">854</span> Micropolitical Leadership in a Taiwanese Primary School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Jen%20Chen">Hsin-Jen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Primary schooling in Taiwan is in a process of radical restructuring during the decade. At the center of these restructuring is the position of the principal and questions to do with how principals, as school leaders, respond to radical change. Adopting a case-study approach, the study chose a middle Taiwanese primary school to investigate how the principal learned to be political. Using micropolitical leadership, the principal at the researched site successfully coped with internal change and external demands. On the whole, judging from the principal’s leadership style on the mediation between parents and teachers, as well as school-based curriculum development, it could be argued that the principal was on the stance of being a leader of the cultural transformation instead of cultural reproduction. In doing so, the qualitative evidence has indicated that the principal seemed to be successful in coping with the demands of rapid change. Continuing learning for leadership is the core of working as a principal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micropolitics" title="micropolitics">micropolitics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micropolitical%20leadership" title=" micropolitical leadership"> micropolitical leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20for%20leadership" title=" learning for leadership"> learning for leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89347/micropolitical-leadership-in-a-taiwanese-primary-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">853</span> Solution of S3 Problem of Deformation Mechanics for a Definite Condition and Resulting Modifications of Important Failure Theories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranajay%20Bhowmick">Ranajay Bhowmick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of stresses for an infinitesimal tetrahedron leads to a situation where we obtain a cubic equation consisting of three stress invariants. This cubic equation, when solved for a definite condition, gives the principal stresses directly without requiring any cumbersome and time-consuming trial and error methods or iterative numerical procedures. Since the failure criterion of different materials are generally expressed as functions of principal stresses, an attempt has been made in this study to incorporate the solutions of the cubic equation in the form of principal stresses, obtained for a definite condition, into some of the established failure theories to determine their modified descriptions. It has been observed that the failure theories can be represented using the quadratic stress invariant and the orientation of the principal plane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20equation" title="cubic equation">cubic equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20invariant" title=" stress invariant"> stress invariant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric" title=" trigonometric"> trigonometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicit%20solution" title=" explicit solution"> explicit solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20stress" title=" principal stress"> principal stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20criterion" title=" failure criterion"> failure criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128515/solution-of-s3-problem-of-deformation-mechanics-for-a-definite-condition-and-resulting-modifications-of-important-failure-theories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">852</span> Directional Dependence of the Stress-Strain Behavior of Reinforced Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20H.%20J.%20Al-Rkaby">Alaa H. J. Al-Rkaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chegenizadeh"> A. Chegenizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Nikraz"> H. R. Nikraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technique of reinforcing soil is an efficient, reliable and cost-effective alternative way for improving the performance of soil in civil engineering applications. Despite the anisotropic states of stresses induced within soil elements by many geotechnical structures such as footings, highways and offshore, most of the previous studies have been carried out under isotropic conditions. The anisotropic stress state in term of the inclined principal stress and the inequality of the intermediate and minor principal stresses cannot be investigated using conventional devices. Therefore, the advanced hollow cylinder apparatus, used in this work, provides a great opportunity to simulate such anisotropic stress states. To date, very little consideration has been given to how the direction of principal stress α and intermediate principal stress ratio b can affect the performance of the reinforced sand. This study presented that the anisotropic conditions of α and b resulted in significant variations in the deviator stress and volumetric strain of sand reinforced with geosynthetics. Anisotropic effect has been decreased by adding clay content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title="anisotropy">anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20sand" title=" reinforced sand"> reinforced sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction%20of%20principal%20stress" title=" direction of principal stress"> direction of principal stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediate%20principal%20stress%20ratio" title=" intermediate principal stress ratio"> intermediate principal stress ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83368/directional-dependence-of-the-stress-strain-behavior-of-reinforced-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">851</span> Influence of Principal's Professionalism on Overall Development of the Institution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamesh%20Babu%20Nanvala">Hamesh Babu Nanvala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhuri%20Malhal%20Rao"> Madhuri Malhal Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overall development of the Institution is dependent on the approach and attitude of the principal. Influence of principal’s professionalism on overall development of the Institution is the aim of this paper. Professionalism means conducting oneself with responsibility, integrity, accountability and excellence. The predominant characteristic of professionalism is the temperament of oneself to work in the public interest. By summarizing the observations based on authors’ experience regarding professionalism of principals towards the development of their respective institutions and correlating these observations with the findings in the literature and opinion of other principals and staff, the authors conceived a conceptual approach with its attributes by practicing suggested approach principals that can achieve overall development of their institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achiever" title="achiever">achiever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institution" title=" institution"> institution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal" title=" principal"> principal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professionalism" title=" professionalism"> professionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student" title=" student"> student</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher" title=" teacher"> teacher</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62028/influence-of-principals-professionalism-on-overall-development-of-the-institution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">850</span> Sparse Principal Component Analysis: A Least Squares Approximation Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovanni%20Merola">Giovanni Merola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sparse Principal Components Analysis aims to find principal components with few non-zero loadings. We derive such sparse solutions by adding a genuine sparsity requirement to the original Principal Components Analysis (PCA) objective function. This approach differs from others because it preserves PCA's original optimality: uncorrelatedness of the components and least squares approximation of the data. To identify the best subset of non-zero loadings we propose a branch-and-bound search and an iterative elimination algorithm. This last algorithm finds sparse solutions with large loadings and can be run without specifying the cardinality of the loadings and the number of components to compute in advance. We give thorough comparisons with the existing sparse PCA methods and several examples on real datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPCA" title="SPCA">SPCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncorrelated%20components" title=" uncorrelated components"> uncorrelated components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branch-and-bound" title=" branch-and-bound"> branch-and-bound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backward%20elimination" title=" backward elimination"> backward elimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14630/sparse-principal-component-analysis-a-least-squares-approximation-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">849</span> Influence of Intermediate Principal Stress on Solution of Planar Stability Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jahanandish">M. Jahanandish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20B.%20Zeydabadinejad"> M. B. Zeydabadinejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, von Mises and Drucker-Prager yield criteria, as typical ones that consider the effect of intermediate principal stress σ2, have been selected and employed for investigating the influence of σ2 on the solution of a typical stability problem. The bearing capacity factors have been calculated under plane strain condition (strip footing) and axisymmetric condition (circular footing) using the method of stress characteristics together with the criteria mentioned. Different levels of σ2 relative to the other two principal stresses have been considered. While a higher σ2 entry in yield criterion gives a higher bearing capacity; its entry in equilibrium equations (axisymmetric) causes substantial reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediate%20principal%20stress" title="intermediate principal stress">intermediate principal stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plane%20strain" title=" plane strain"> plane strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axisymmetric" title=" axisymmetric"> axisymmetric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20criteria" title=" yield criteria"> yield criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33903/influence-of-intermediate-principal-stress-on-solution-of-planar-stability-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">848</span> Principal Creative Leadership for Teacher Learning and School Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yashi%20Ye">Yashi Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Principles play vital roles in shaping the school culture and promoting teachers' professional learning by exerting their leadership. In the changing time of the 21st century, the creative leadership of school leaders is increasingly important in cultivating the professional learning communities of teachers for eventually improving student performance in every continent. This study examines under what conditions and how principal creative leadership contributes to teachers’ professional learning and school culture. Data collected from 632 teachers in 30 primary and middle schools in the cities of Chengdu and Chongqing in mainland China are analyzed using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping tests. A moderated mediation model of principle creative leadership effects is used to analyze professional teacher learning and school culture in which the mediator will be school culture and the moderator will be power distance orientation. The results indicate that principal creative leadership has significant direct and indirect effects on teachers' professional learning. A positive correlation between principal creative leadership, professional teacher learning, and school culture is observed. Further model testing found that teacher power distance orientation moderated the significant effect of principal creative leadership on school culture. When teachers perceived higher power distance in teacher-principal relations, the effects of principal creative leadership were stronger than for those who perceived low power distance. The results indicate the “culture change” in the young generation of teachers in China, and further implications to understanding the cultural context in the field of educational leadership are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20distance%20orientation" title="power distance orientation">power distance orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20creative%20leadership" title=" principal creative leadership"> principal creative leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20culture" title=" school culture"> school culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20professional%20learning" title=" teacher professional learning"> teacher professional learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149131/principal-creative-leadership-for-teacher-learning-and-school-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">847</span> Estimation of Functional Response Model by Supervised Functional Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyon%20I.%20Paek">Hyon I. Paek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Rim%20Kim"> Sang Rim Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyon%20A.%20Ryu"> Hyon A. Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In functional linear regression, one typical problem is to reduce dimension. Compared with multivariate linear regression, functional linear regression is regarded as an infinite-dimensional case, and the main task is to reduce dimensions of functional response and functional predictors. One common approach is to adapt functional principal component analysis (FPCA) on functional predictors and then use a few leading functional principal components (FPC) to predict the functional model. The leading FPCs estimated by the typical FPCA explain a major variation of the functional predictor, but these leading FPCs may not be mostly correlated with the functional response, so they may not be significant in the prediction for response. In this paper, we propose a supervised functional principal component analysis method for a functional response model with FPCs obtained by considering the correlation of the functional response. Our method would have a better prediction accuracy than the typical FPCA method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervised" title="supervised">supervised</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20principal%20component%20analysis" title=" functional principal component analysis"> functional principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20response" title=" functional response"> functional response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20linear%20regression" title=" functional linear regression"> functional linear regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177071/estimation-of-functional-response-model-by-supervised-functional-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">846</span> Correlation between Electromyographic and Textural Parameters for Different Textured Indian Foods Using Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rustagi">S. Rustagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Sodhi"> N. S. Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dhillon"> B. Dhillon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Kaur"> T. Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to check whether there is any relationship between electromyographic (EMG) and textural parameters during food texture evaluation. In this study, a total of eighteen mastication variables were measured for entire mastication, per chew mastication and three different stages of mastication (viz. early, middle and late) by EMG for five different foods using eight human subjects. Cluster analysis was used to reduce the number of mastication variables from 18 to 5, so that principal component analysis (PCA) could be applied on them. The PCA further resulted in two meaningful principal components. The principal component scores for each food were measured and correlated with five textural parameters (viz. hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess and adhesiveness). Correlation coefficients were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.10) for cohesiveness and adhesiveness while if we reduce the significance level (p < 0.20) then chewiness also showed correlation with mastication parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mastication" title=" mastication"> mastication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory" title=" sensory"> sensory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85029/correlation-between-electromyographic-and-textural-parameters-for-different-textured-indian-foods-using-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">845</span> Estimation of Coefficients of Ridge and Principal Components Regressions with Multicollinear Data </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeshwar%20Singh">Rajeshwar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence of multicollinearity is common in handling with several explanatory variables simultaneously due to exhibiting a linear relationship among them. A great problem arises in understanding the impact of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Thus, the method of least squares estimation gives inexact estimates. In this case, it is advised to detect its presence first before proceeding further. Using the ridge regression degree of its occurrence is reduced but principal components regression gives good estimates in this situation. This paper discusses well-known techniques of the ridge and principal components regressions and applies to get the estimates of coefficients by both techniques. In addition to it, this paper also discusses the conflicting claim on the discovery of the method of ridge regression based on available documents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflicting%20claim%20on%20credit%20of%20discovery%20of%20ridge%20regression" title="conflicting claim on credit of discovery of ridge regression">conflicting claim on credit of discovery of ridge regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicollinearity" title=" multicollinearity"> multicollinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20components%20and%20ridge%20regressions" title=" principal components and ridge regressions"> principal components and ridge regressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance%20inflation%20factor" title=" variance inflation factor"> variance inflation factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31600/estimation-of-coefficients-of-ridge-and-principal-components-regressions-with-multicollinear-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">844</span> Implementation of a Method of Crater Detection Using Principal Component Analysis in FPGA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izuru%20Nomura">Izuru Nomura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatsuya%20Takino"> Tatsuya Takino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Kageyama"> Yuji Kageyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin%20Nagata"> Shin Nagata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Kamata"> Hiroyuki Kamata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a method of crater detection from the image of the lunar surface captured by the small space probe. We use the principal component analysis (PCA) to detect craters. Nevertheless, considering　severe environment of the space, it is impossible to use generic computer in practice. Accordingly, we have to implement the method in FPGA. This paper compares FPGA and generic computer by the processing time of a method of crater detection using principal component analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crater" title="crater">crater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvector" title=" eigenvector"> eigenvector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20value" title=" strength value"> strength value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing%20time" title=" processing time "> processing time </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19004/implementation-of-a-method-of-crater-detection-using-principal-component-analysis-in-fpga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">843</span> Characterization of Monoids by a New Generalization of Flatness Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdiyeh%20Abbasi">Mahdiyeh Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Golchin"> Akbar Golchin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well-known that, using principal weak flatness property, some important monoids are characterized, such as regular monoids, left almost regular monoids, and so on. In this article, we define a generalization of principal weak flatness called GP-Flatness, and will characterize monoids by this property of their right (Rees factor) acts. Also we investigate new classes of monoids called generally regular monoids and generally left almost regular monoids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G-left%20stabilizing" title="G-left stabilizing">G-left stabilizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GP-flatness" title=" GP-flatness"> GP-flatness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generally%20regular" title=" generally regular"> generally regular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20weak%20flatness" title=" principal weak flatness"> principal weak flatness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36458/characterization-of-monoids-by-a-new-generalization-of-flatness-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">842</span> Utilizing the Principal Component Analysis on Multispectral Aerial Imagery for Identification of Underlying Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcos%20Bosques-Perez">Marcos Bosques-Perez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20Izquierdo"> Walter Izquierdo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harold%20Martin"> Harold Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liangdon%20Deng"> Liangdon Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josue%20Rodriguez"> Josue Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thony%20Yan"> Thony Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mercedes%20Cabrerizo"> Mercedes Cabrerizo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armando%20Barreto"> Armando Barreto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naphtali%20Rishe"> Naphtali Rishe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Adjouadi"> Malek Adjouadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerial imagery is a powerful tool when it comes to analyzing temporal changes in ecosystems and extracting valuable information from the observed scene. It allows us to identify and assess various elements such as objects, structures, textures, waterways, and shadows. To extract meaningful information, multispectral cameras capture data across different wavelength bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this study, the collected multispectral aerial images were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to identify independent and uncorrelated components or features that extend beyond the visible spectrum captured in standard RGB images. The results demonstrate that these principal components contain unique characteristics specific to certain wavebands, enabling effective object identification and image segmentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multispectral" title=" multispectral"> multispectral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170875/utilizing-the-principal-component-analysis-on-multispectral-aerial-imagery-for-identification-of-underlying-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">841</span> On the Estimation of Crime Rate in the Southwest of Nigeria: Principal Component Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayode%20Balogun">Kayode Balogun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Femi%20Ayoola"> Femi Ayoola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crime is at alarming rate in this part of world and there are many factors that are contributing to this antisocietal behaviour both among the youths and old. In this work, principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a tool to reduce the dimensionality and to really know those variables that were crime prone in the study region. Data were collected on twenty-eight crime variables from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) databank for a period of fifteen years, while retaining as much of the information as possible. We use PCA in this study to know the number of major variables and contributors to the crime in the Southwest Nigeria. The results of our analysis revealed that there were eight principal variables have been retained using the Scree plot and Loading plot which implies an eight-equation solution will be appropriate for the data. The eight components explained 93.81% of the total variation in the data set. We also found that the highest and commonly committed crimes in the Southwestern Nigeria were: Assault, Grievous Harm and Wounding, theft/stealing, burglary, house breaking, false pretence, unlawful arms possession and breach of public peace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20rates" title="crime rates">crime rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southwest%20Nigeria" title=" Southwest Nigeria"> Southwest Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variables" title=" variables"> variables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27078/on-the-estimation-of-crime-rate-in-the-southwest-of-nigeria-principal-component-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> Differentiation between Different Rangeland Sites Using Principal Component Analysis in Semi-Arid Areas of Sudan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Ibrahim%20Abdalla">Nancy Ibrahim Abdalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Karamalla%20Gaiballa"> Abdelaziz Karamalla Gaiballa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rangelands in semi-arid areas provide a good source for feeding huge numbers of animals and serving environmental, economic and social importance; therefore, these areas are considered economically very important for the pastoral sector in Sudan. This paper investigates the means of differentiating between different rangelands sites according to soil types using principal component analysis to assist in monitoring and assessment purposes. Three rangeland sites were identified in the study area as flat sandy sites, sand dune site, and hard clay site. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the number of factors needed to distinguish between rangeland sites and produce a new set of data including the most useful spectral information to run satellite image processing. It was performed using selected types of data (two vegetation indices, topographic data and vegetation surface reflectance within the three bands of MODIS data). Analysis with PCA indicated that there is a relatively high correspondence between vegetation and soil of the total variance in the data set. The results showed that the use of the principal component analysis (PCA) with the selected variables showed a high difference, reflected in the variance and eigenvalues and it can be used for differentiation between different range sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title="principal component analysis">principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rangeland%20sites" title=" rangeland sites"> rangeland sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-arid%20areas" title=" semi-arid areas"> semi-arid areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20types" title=" soil types"> soil types</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99240/differentiation-between-different-rangeland-sites-using-principal-component-analysis-in-semi-arid-areas-of-sudan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> Preservation Model to Process 'La Bomba Del Chota' as a Living Cultural Heritage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucia%20Carrion%20Gordon">Lucia Carrion Gordon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Gabriela%20Lopez%20Yanez"> Maria Gabriela Lopez Yanez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project focuses on heritage concepts and their importance in every evolving and changing Digital Era where system solutions have to be sustainable, efficient and suitable to the basic needs. The prototype has to cover the principal requirements for the case studies. How to preserve the sociological ideas of dances in Ecuador like ‘La Bomba’ is the best example and challenge to preserve the intangible data. The same idea is applicable with books and music. The History and how to keep it, is the principal mission of Heritage Preservation. The dance of La Bomba is rooted on a specific movement system whose main part is the sideward hip movement. La Bomba´s movement system is the surface manifestation of a whole system of knowledge whose principal characteristics are the historical relation of Chote˜nos with their land and their families. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20preservation" title="digital preservation">digital preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20management" title=" IT management"> IT management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metadata" title=" metadata"> metadata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serendipity" title=" serendipity"> serendipity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39338/preservation-model-to-process-la-bomba-del-chota-as-a-living-cultural-heritage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> Optimal Feature Extraction Dimension in Finger Vein Recognition Using Kernel Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hajian">Amir Hajian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepehr%20Damavandinejadmonfared"> Sepehr Damavandinejadmonfared</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the issue of dimensionality reduction is investigated in finger vein recognition systems using kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). One aspect of KPCA is to find the most appropriate kernel function on finger vein recognition as there are several kernel functions which can be used within PCA-based algorithms. In this paper, however, another side of PCA-based algorithms -particularly KPCA- is investigated. The aspect of dimension of feature vector in PCA-based algorithms is of importance especially when it comes to the real-world applications and usage of such algorithms. It means that a fixed dimension of feature vector has to be set to reduce the dimension of the input and output data and extract the features from them. Then a classifier is performed to classify the data and make the final decision. We analyze KPCA (Polynomial, Gaussian, and Laplacian) in details in this paper and investigate the optimal feature extraction dimension in finger vein recognition using KPCA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finger%20vein%20recognition" title=" finger vein recognition"> finger vein recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis%20%28PCA%29" title=" principal component analysis (PCA)"> principal component analysis (PCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel%20principal%20component%20analysis%20%28KPCA%29" title=" kernel principal component analysis (KPCA)"> kernel principal component analysis (KPCA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14476/optimal-feature-extraction-dimension-in-finger-vein-recognition-using-kernel-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> Principal Well-Being at Hong Kong: A Quantitative Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junjun%20Chen">Junjun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingxiu%20Li"> Yingxiu Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The occupational well-being of school principals has played a vital role in the pursuit of individual and school wellness and success. However, principals’ well-being worldwide is under increasing threat because of the challenging and complex nature of their work and growing demands for school standardisation and accountability. Pressure is particularly acute in the post-pandemicfuture as principals attempt to deal with the impact of the pandemic on top of more regular demands. This is particularly true in Hong Kong, as school principals are increasingly wedged between unparalleled political, social, and academic responsibilities. Recognizing the semantic breadth of well-being, scholars have not determined a single, mutually agreeable definition but agreed that the concept of well-being has multiple dimensions across various disciplines. The multidimensional approach promises more precise assessments of the relationships between well-being and other concepts than the ‘affect-only’ approach or other single domains for capturing the essence of principal well-being. The multiple-dimension well-being concept is adopted in this project to understand principal well-being in this study. This study aimed to understand the situation of principal well-being and its influential drivers with a sample of 670 principals from Hong Kong and Mainland China. An online survey was sent to the participants after the breakout of COVID-19 by the researchers. All participants were well informed about the purposes and procedure of the project and the confidentiality of the data prior to filling in the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling performed with Mplus were employed to deal with the dataset. The data analysis procedure involved the following three steps. First, the descriptive statistics (e.g., mean and standard deviation) were calculated. Second, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to trim principal well-being measurement performed with maximum likelihood estimation. Third, structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the influential factors of principal well-being. The results of this study indicated that the overall of principal well-being were above the average mean score. The highest ranking in this study given by the principals was to their psychological and social well-being (M = 5.21). This was followed by spiritual (M = 5.14; SD = .77), cognitive (M = 5.14; SD = .77), emotional (M = 4.96; SD = .79), and physical well-being (M = 3.15; SD = .73). Participants ranked their physical well-being the lowest. Moreover, professional autonomy, supervisor and collegial support, school physical conditions, professional networking, and social media have showed a significant impact on principal well-being. The findings of this study will potentially enhance not only principal well-being, but also the functioning of an individual principal and a school without sacrificing principal well-being for quality education in the process. This will eventually move one step forward for a new future - a wellness society advocated by OECD. Importantly, well-being is an inside job that begins with choosing to have wellness, whilst supports to become a wellness principal are also imperative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title="well-being">well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20principals" title=" school principals"> school principals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative" title=" quantitative"> quantitative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influential%20factors" title=" influential factors"> influential factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154137/principal-well-being-at-hong-kong-a-quantitative-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> Study on Principals Using Change Leadership to Promote School Innovation: A Case Study of a Primary School in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Wen%20Fan">Chih-Wen Fan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds/ Research goals : School improvement requires change leadership, which often means discomfort. Principals are the key people that determine the effectiveness of schools. In an era of organization’s pursuit of speed and effectiveness, school administration has to be accountable and innovative. Effective principals work to improve achievement by focusing on the administrative and teaching quality of improvement. However, there is a lack of literature addressing the relevant case studies on school change leadership. This article explores how principals can use change leadership to drive school change. It analyze the driving factors of principal changes in the case school, the beliefs of change leadership, specific methods, and what impact they have. Methods: This study applies the case study research method to the selected primary school located in an urban area for case study, which has achieved excellent performance after reform and innovation. The researchers selected an older primary school located in an urban area that was transformed into a high-performance primary school after changes were enacted by the principal. The selected case was recommended by three supervisors of the Education Department. The case school underwent leadership change by the new principal during his term, and won an award from the Ministry of Education. Total of 8 teachers are interviewed. The data encoding includes interviews and documents. Expected results/ conclusions: The conclusions of the study are, as follows: (1) The influence for Principal Lin's change leadership is from internal and external environmental development and change pressures. (2) The principal's belief in change leadership is to recognize the sense of crisis, and to create a climate of change and demand for change. (3) The principal's specific actions are intended to identify key members, resolve resistance, use innovative thinking, and promote organizational learning. (4) Principal Lin's change leadership can enhance the professional functions of all employees through appropriate authorization. (5) The effectiveness of change leadership lies in teachers' participation in decision-making; the school's reputation has been enhanced through featured courses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20leadership" title="change leadership">change leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title=" empowerment"> empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20awareness" title=" crisis awareness"> crisis awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151880/study-on-principals-using-change-leadership-to-promote-school-innovation-a-case-study-of-a-primary-school-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">835</span> Content Based Video Retrieval System Using Principal Object Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Thinh%20Bui">Van Thinh Bui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anh%20Tuan%20Tran"> Anh Tuan Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quoc%20Viet%20Ngo"> Quoc Viet Ngo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Bao%20Pham"> The Bao Pham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Video retrieval is a searching problem on videos or clips based on content in which they are relatively close to an input image or video. The application of this retrieval consists of selecting video in a folder or recognizing a human in security camera. However, some recent approaches have been in challenging problem due to the diversity of video types, frame transitions and camera positions. Besides, that an appropriate measures is selected for the problem is a question. In order to overcome all obstacles, we propose a content-based video retrieval system in some main steps resulting in a good performance. From a main video, we process extracting keyframes and principal objects using Segmentation of Aggregating Superpixels (SAS) algorithm. After that, Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) are selected from those principal objects. Then, the model “Bag-of-words” in accompanied by SVM classification are applied to obtain the retrieval result. Our system is performed on over 300 videos in diversity from music, history, movie, sports, and natural scene to TV program show. The performance is evaluated in promising comparison to the other approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20retrieval" title="video retrieval">video retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20objects" title=" principal objects"> principal objects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keyframe" title=" keyframe"> keyframe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation%20of%20aggregating%20superpixels" title=" segmentation of aggregating superpixels"> segmentation of aggregating superpixels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speeded%20up%20robust%20features" title=" speeded up robust features"> speeded up robust features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bag-of-words" title=" bag-of-words"> bag-of-words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59753/content-based-video-retrieval-system-using-principal-object-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">834</span> Effects of Different Meteorological Variables on Reference Evapotranspiration Modeling: Application of Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinola%20Ikudayisi">Akinola Ikudayisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josiah%20Adeyemo"> Josiah Adeyemo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The correct estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETₒ) is required for effective irrigation water resources planning and management. However, there are some variables that must be considered while estimating and modeling ETₒ. This study therefore determines the multivariate analysis of correlated variables involved in the estimation and modeling of ETₒ at Vaalharts irrigation scheme (VIS) in South Africa using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. Weather and meteorological data between 1994 and 2014 were obtained both from South African Weather Service (SAWS) and Agricultural Research Council (ARC) in South Africa for this study. Average monthly data of minimum and maximum temperature (°C), rainfall (mm), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (m/s) were the inputs to the PCA-based model, while ETₒ is the output. PCA technique was adopted to extract the most important information from the dataset and also to analyze the relationship between the five variables and ETₒ. This is to determine the most significant variables affecting ETₒ estimation at VIS. From the model performances, two principal components with a variance of 82.7% were retained after the eigenvector extraction. The results of the two principal components were compared and the model output shows that minimum temperature, maximum temperature and windspeed are the most important variables in ETₒ estimation and modeling at VIS. In order words, ETₒ increases with temperature and windspeed. Other variables such as rainfall and relative humidity are less important and cannot be used to provide enough information about ETₒ estimation at VIS. The outcome of this study has helped to reduce input variable dimensionality from five to the three most significant variables in ETₒ modelling at VIS, South Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title="irrigation">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20evapotranspiration" title=" reference evapotranspiration"> reference evapotranspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaalharts" title=" Vaalharts"> Vaalharts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44193/effects-of-different-meteorological-variables-on-reference-evapotranspiration-modeling-application-of-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">833</span> Efficient Principal Components Estimation of Large Factor Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachida%20Ouysse">Rachida Ouysse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a constrained principal components (CnPC) estimator for efficient estimation of large-dimensional factor models when errors are cross sectionally correlated and the number of cross-sections (N) may be larger than the number of observations (T). Although principal components (PC) method is consistent for any path of the panel dimensions, it is inefficient as the errors are treated to be homoskedastic and uncorrelated. The new CnPC exploits the assumption of bounded cross-sectional dependence, which defines Chamberlain and Rothschild’s (1983) approximate factor structure, as an explicit constraint and solves a constrained PC problem. The CnPC method is computationally equivalent to the PC method applied to a regularized form of the data covariance matrix. Unlike maximum likelihood type methods, the CnPC method does not require inverting a large covariance matrix and thus is valid for panels with N ≥ T. The paper derives a convergence rate and an asymptotic normality result for the CnPC estimators of the common factors. We provide feasible estimators and show in a simulation study that they are more accurate than the PC estimator, especially for panels with N larger than T, and the generalized PC type estimators, especially for panels with N almost as large as T. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20dimensionality" title="high dimensionality">high dimensionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unknown%20factors" title=" unknown factors"> unknown factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20components" title=" principal components"> principal components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-sectional%20correlation" title=" cross-sectional correlation"> cross-sectional correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage%20regression" title=" shrinkage regression"> shrinkage regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regularization" title=" regularization"> regularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo-out-of-sample%20forecasting" title=" pseudo-out-of-sample forecasting"> pseudo-out-of-sample forecasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142686/efficient-principal-components-estimation-of-large-factor-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">832</span> Towards Interconnectedness: A Study of Collaborative School Culture and Principal Curriculum Leadership</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Chih-Wen">Fan Chih-Wen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Ministry of Education (2014) released the 12-year National Basic Education Curriculum Syllabus. Curriculum implementation has evolved from a loose connection of cooperation to a closely structured relationship of coordination and collaboration. Collaboration opens the door to teachers' culture of isolation and classrooms and allows them to discuss educational issues from multiple perspectives and achieve shared goals. The purpose of study is to investigate facilitating factors of collaborative school culture and implications for principal curriculum leadership. The development and implementation of the new curriculum involves collaborative governance across systems and levels, including cooperation between central governments and schools. First, it analyzes the connotation of the 12-year National Basic Education Curriculum; Second, it analyzes the meaning of collaborative culture； Third, it analyzes the motivating factors of collaborative culture. Finally, based on this, it puts forward relevant suggestions for principal curriculum leadership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20leadership" title="curriculum leadership">curriculum leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration%20culture" title=" collaboration culture"> collaboration culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracher%20culture" title=" tracher culture"> tracher culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20improvement" title=" school improvement"> school improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189561/towards-interconnectedness-a-study-of-collaborative-school-culture-and-principal-curriculum-leadership" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">831</span> Quantitative Ranking Evaluation of Wine Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Brunel">A. Brunel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kernevez"> A. Kernevez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Leclere"> F. Leclere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Trenteseaux"> J. Trenteseaux</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, wine quality is only evaluated by wine experts with their own different personal tastes, even if they may agree on some common features. So producers do not have any unbiased way to independently assess the quality of their products. A tool is here proposed to evaluate wine quality by an objective ranking based upon the variables entering wine elaboration, and analysed through principal component analysis (PCA) method. Actual climatic data are compared by measuring the relative distance between each considered wine, out of which the general ranking is performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wine" title="wine">wine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grape" title=" grape"> grape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20conditions" title=" weather conditions"> weather conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rating" title=" rating"> rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20analysis" title=" metric analysis"> metric analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44241/quantitative-ranking-evaluation-of-wine-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">830</span> Application of Principal Component Analysis and Ordered Logit Model in Diabetic Kidney Disease Progression in People with Type 2 Diabetes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mequanent%20Wale%20Mekonen">Mequanent Wale Mekonen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edoardo%20Otranto"> Edoardo Otranto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Alibrandi"> Angela Alibrandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetic kidney disease is one of the main microvascular complications caused by diabetes. Several clinical and biochemical variables are reported to be associated with diabetic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes. However, their interrelations could distort the effect estimation of these variables for the disease's progression. The objective of the study is to determine how the biochemical and clinical variables in people with type 2 diabetes are interrelated with each other and their effects on kidney disease progression through advanced statistical methods. First, principal component analysis was used to explore how the biochemical and clinical variables intercorrelate with each other, which helped us reduce a set of correlated biochemical variables to a smaller number of uncorrelated variables. Then, ordered logit regression models (cumulative, stage, and adjacent) were employed to assess the effect of biochemical and clinical variables on the order-level response variable (progression of kidney function) by considering the proportionality assumption for more robust effect estimation. This retrospective cross-sectional study retrieved data from a type 2 diabetic cohort in a polyclinic hospital at the University of Messina, Italy. The principal component analysis yielded three uncorrelated components. These are principal component 1, with negative loading of glycosylated haemoglobin, glycemia, and creatinine; principal component 2, with negative loading of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein; and principal component 3, with negative loading of high-density lipoprotein and a positive load of triglycerides. The ordered logit models (cumulative, stage, and adjacent) showed that the first component (glycosylated haemoglobin, glycemia, and creatinine) had a significant effect on the progression of kidney disease. For instance, the cumulative odds model indicated that the first principal component (linear combination of glycosylated haemoglobin, glycemia, and creatinine) had a strong and significant effect on the progression of kidney disease, with an effect or odds ratio of 0.423 (P value = 0.000). However, this effect was inconsistent across levels of kidney disease because the first principal component did not meet the proportionality assumption. To address the proportionality problem and provide robust effect estimates, alternative ordered logit models, such as the partial cumulative odds model, the partial adjacent category model, and the partial continuation ratio model, were used. These models suggested that clinical variables such as age, sex, body mass index, medication (metformin), and biochemical variables such as glycosylated haemoglobin, glycemia, and creatinine have a significant effect on the progression of kidney disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20kidney%20disease" title="diabetic kidney disease">diabetic kidney disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20logit%20model" title=" ordered logit model"> ordered logit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title=" type 2 diabetes"> type 2 diabetes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186851/application-of-principal-component-analysis-and-ordered-logit-model-in-diabetic-kidney-disease-progression-in-people-with-type-2-diabetes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">829</span> Modeling Factors Affecting Fertility Transition in Africa: Case of Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20Okora%20Amima%20Ondieki">Dennis Okora Amima Ondieki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fertility transition has been identified to be affected by numerous factors. This research aimed to investigate the most real factors affecting fertility transition in Kenya. These factors were firstly extracted from the literature convened into demographic features, social, and economic features, social-cultural features, reproductive features and modernization features. All these factors had 23 factors identified for this study. The data for this study was from the Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) conducted in 1999-2003 and 2003-2008/9. The data was continuous, and it involved the mean birth order for the ten periods. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized using 23 factors. Principal component analysis conveyed religion, region, education and marital status as the real factors. PC scores were calculated for every point. The identified principal components were utilized as forecasters in the multiple regression model, with the fertility level as the response variable. The four components were found to be affecting fertility transition differently. It was found that fertility is affected positively by factors of region and marital and negatively by factors of religion and education. These four factors can be considered in the planning policy in Kenya and Africa at large. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility%20transition" title="fertility transition">fertility transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenya%20demographic%20health%20survey" title=" Kenya demographic health survey"> Kenya demographic health survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20order" title=" birth order"> birth order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177555/modeling-factors-affecting-fertility-transition-in-africa-case-of-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">828</span> Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia Using Principal Component Analysis and Xgboost Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujay%20Kotwale">Sujay Kotwale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramasubba%20Reddy%20M."> Ramasubba Reddy M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive technique used to study and analyze various heart diseases. Cardiac arrhythmia is a serious heart disease which leads to death of the patients, when left untreated. An early-time detection of cardiac arrhythmia would help the doctors to do proper treatment of the heart. In the past, various algorithms and machine learning (ML) models were used to early-time detection of cardiac arrhythmia, but few of them have achieved better results. In order to improve the performance, this paper implements principal component analysis (PCA) along with XGBoost model. The PCA was implemented to the raw ECG signals which suppress redundancy information and extracted significant features. The obtained significant ECG features were fed into XGBoost model and the performance of the model was evaluated. In order to valid the proposed technique, raw ECG signals obtained from standard MIT-BIH database were employed for the analysis. The result shows that the performance of proposed method is superior to the several state-of-the-arts techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20arrhythmia" title="cardiac arrhythmia">cardiac arrhythmia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiogram" title=" electrocardiogram"> electrocardiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XGBoost" title=" XGBoost"> XGBoost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126916/detection-of-cardiac-arrhythmia-using-principal-component-analysis-and-xgboost-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">827</span> Combining an Optimized Closed Principal Curve-Based Method and Evolutionary Neural Network for Ultrasound Prostate Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Peng">Tao Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Zhao"> Jing Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanqing%20Xu"> Yanqing Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Cai"> Jing Cai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to missing/ambiguous boundaries between the prostate and neighboring structures, the presence of shadow artifacts, as well as the large variability in prostate shapes, ultrasound prostate segmentation is challenging. To handle these issues, this paper develops a hybrid method for ultrasound prostate segmentation by combining an optimized closed principal curve-based method and the evolutionary neural network; the former can fit curves with great curvature and generate a contour composed of line segments connected by sorted vertices, and the latter is used to express an appropriate map function (represented by parameters of evolutionary neural network) for generating the smooth prostate contour to match the ground truth contour. Both qualitative and quantitative experimental results showed that our proposed method obtains accurate and robust performances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20prostate%20segmentation" title="ultrasound prostate segmentation">ultrasound prostate segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20closed%20polygonal%20segment%20method" title=" optimized closed polygonal segment method"> optimized closed polygonal segment method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20neural%20network" title=" evolutionary neural network"> evolutionary neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smooth%20mathematical%20model" title=" smooth mathematical model"> smooth mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20curve" title=" principal curve"> principal curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143203/combining-an-optimized-closed-principal-curve-based-method-and-evolutionary-neural-network-for-ultrasound-prostate-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">826</span> Anisotropic Shear Strength of Sand Containing Plastic Fine Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20H.%20J.%20Al-Rkaby">Alaa H. J. Al-Rkaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chegenizadeh"> A. Chegenizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Nikraz"> H. R. Nikraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anisotropy is one of the major aspects that affect soil behavior, and extensive efforts have investigated its effect on the mechanical properties of soil. However, very little attention has been given to the combined effect of anisotropy and fine contents. Therefore, in this paper, the anisotropic strength of sand containing different fine content (F) of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, was investigated using hollow cylinder tests under different principal stress directions of α = 0° and α = 90°. For a given principal stress direction (α), it was found that increasing fine content resulted in decreasing deviator stress (q). Moreover, results revealed that all fine contents showed anisotropic strength where there is a clear difference between the strength under 0° and the strength under 90°. This anisotropy was greatest under F = 5% while it decreased with increasing fine contents, particularly at F = 10%. Mixtures with low fine content show low contractive behavior and tended to show more dilation. Moreover, all sand-clay mixtures exhibited less dilation and more compression at α = 90° compared with that at α = 0°. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title="anisotropy">anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20stress%20direction" title=" principal stress direction"> principal stress direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20content" title=" fine content"> fine content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20cylinder%20sample" title=" hollow cylinder sample"> hollow cylinder sample</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65471/anisotropic-shear-strength-of-sand-containing-plastic-fine-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">825</span> Elastic Constants of Fir Wood Using Ultrasound and Compression Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Guntekin">Ergun Guntekin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elastic constants of Fir wood (Abies cilicica) have been investigated by means of ultrasound and compression tests. Three modulus of elasticity in principal directions (EL, ER, ET), six Poisson’s ratios (ʋLR, ʋLT, ʋRT, ʋTR, ʋRL, ʋTL) and three shear modules (GLR, GRT, GLT) were determined. 20 x 20 x 60 mm samples were conditioned at 65 % relative humidity and 20ºC before testing. Three longitudinal and six shear wave velocities propagating along the principal axes of anisotropy, and additionally, three quasi-shear wave velocities at 45° angle with respect to the principal axes of anisotropy were measured. 2.27 MHz longitudinal and 1 MHz shear sensors were used for obtaining sound velocities. Stress-strain curves of the samples in compression tests were obtained using bi-axial extensometer in order to calculate elastic constants. Test results indicated that most of the elastic constants determined in the study are within the acceptable range. Although elastic constants determined from ultrasound are usually higher than those determined from compression tests, the values of EL and GLR determined from compression tests were higher in the study. The results of this study can be used in the numerical modeling of elements or systems under load using Fir wood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20tests" title="compression tests">compression tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fir%20wood" title=" fir wood"> fir wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92992/elastic-constants-of-fir-wood-using-ultrasound-and-compression-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads 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