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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99rim_S%C9%99ncabi" title="Kərim Səncabi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kərim Səncabi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim_Sandschabi" title="Karim Sandschabi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karim Sandschabi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="کریم سنجابی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریم سنجابی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li 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– Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Санджаби, Карим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="کەریم سنجابی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەریم سنجابی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6370654#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Karim Bakhtiar Sanjabi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KarimSanjabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/KarimSanjabi.jpg/220px-KarimSanjabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/KarimSanjabi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Iran">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 February 1979 – 1 April 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Mirfendereski" title="Ahmad Mirfendereski">Ahmad Mirfendereski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Yazdi" title="Ebrahim Yazdi">Ebrahim Yazdi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Iran">Member of the Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 April 1952 – 16 August 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Education (Iran)">Minister of Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 April 1951 – 6 May 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammad Mosaddegh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mahmoud Mehran</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Hessabi" title="Mahmoud Hessabi">Mahmoud Hessabi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1905-09-11</span>)</span>11 September 1905<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublime_State_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublime State of Iran">Qajar Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 July 1995<span style="display:none">(1995-07-04)</span> (aged 89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Carbondale,_Illinois" title="Carbondale, Illinois">Carbondale, Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Iran)" title="National Front (Iran)">National Front</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran_Party" title="Iran Party">Iran Party</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Iran)" title="Motherland Party (Iran)">Motherland Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Fakhrolmolouk Ardalan Sanjabi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paris_Law_Faculty" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Law Faculty">Sorbonne University, Faculty of Law</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanjabi_Signiture.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Karim Sanjabi's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sanjabi_Signiture.png/99px-Sanjabi_Signiture.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sanjabi_Signiture.png/148px-Sanjabi_Signiture.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sanjabi_Signiture.png/198px-Sanjabi_Signiture.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="388" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karim Bakhtiar Sanjabi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">کریم بختیار سنجابی</span>; September 11, 1905 – July 4, 1995) was an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a>, a member of The <a href="/wiki/National_Consultative_Assembly" title="National Consultative Assembly">National Consultative Assembly</a>. He was also a professor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">Tehran University</a> Law School and one of the leaders of Iran <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Iran)" title="National Front (Iran)">National Front</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran_Party" title="Iran Party">Iran Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanjabi was also considered the Minister of Culture in the government of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammad Mosaddegh</a> and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran in the government of <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mahdi Bazargan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a> in September 1905 to the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanj%C3%A2bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjâbi">Sanjâbi</a> tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-saxon_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saxon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied law and politics at <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne University</a>. He worked as a law professor at <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Tehran">the University of Tehran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-saxon_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saxon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sanjabi and <a href="/wiki/Allahyar_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahyar Saleh">Allahyar Saleh</a> led the <a href="/wiki/Iran_Party" title="Iran Party">Iran Party</a>, a nationalist, progressive, leftist and anti-Soviet group, in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-mark87_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mark87-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party became part of <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Iran)" title="National Front (Iran)">the National Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mark87_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mark87-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanjabi was a loyal supporter of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mossadegh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mossadegh">Mohammad Mossadegh</a> and he later served as minister of education under Mossadegh in 1952. Mossadegh had led the movement to nationalize the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>-controlled oil industry in Iran (which, after nationalization, became known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian Oil Company">National Iranian Oil Company</a>) and after this was accomplished, he became engaged in a heated battle with the British (who had previously controlled the oil industry and wished to reassert control over it) and with the forces rallying around <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Reza Shah">Mohammad Reza Shah</a> (the king of Iran who was opposed to Mossadegh's policies vis-a-vis the British, as well as the prime minister's efforts at limiting the Shah's power and influence). After a <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>-<a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a> coup d'état <a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">overthrew Mossadegh</a> in August 1953, Sanjabi, along with other Mossadegh supporters, went into opposition against the Shah's regime. He was heavily involved in the formation of the Second National Front in 1960. The reconstituted National Front was to remain active for five years, but under increasingly worsening circumstances. Despite its moderate<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (September 2010)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> demands for electoral reforms and a Shah that would "reign and not rule", the Shah refused to tolerate the Front's activities. His powerful security forces, most notably the <a href="/wiki/SAVAK" title="SAVAK">SAVAK</a>, silenced the likes of Sanjabi and other secular democrats. Due to this and a variety of other factors, it had dissolved by 1965. The Front was to remain dormant until the late 1970s. It was revived in late 1977 by Sanjabi as its leader.<sup id="cite_ref-arjomand1988_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arjomand1988-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the general secretary of the National Front during the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">revolutionary uprising</a> of 1978–1979, Sanjabi and his colleagues initially wished to negotiate a peaceful solution with the Shah. However, on 3 November 1978, he met as representative of the National Front with <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Ruhollah_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-nikaz80_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikaz80-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had gone there hoping to convince Khomeini to support the creation of a coalition government headed by the National Front. Despite the rising revolutionary fervor, Sanjabi and many other liberals had remained loyal to the idea of a constitutional monarchy with the Shah as ceremonial figurehead and they wished to bring Khomeini over to their point of view. Khomeini, however, refused to budge and reiterated his demand for the overthrow of the monarchy. In the end, Sanjabi, acting as head of the National Front, capitulated to Khomeini's demands. In addition, he accepted the leadership of Khomeini and opposed to the alliance with <a href="/wiki/Tudeh_Party_of_Iran" title="Tudeh Party of Iran">the Tudeh party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanjabi emerged from his meeting "with a short declaration that spoke of both Islam and democracy as basic principles",<sup id="cite_ref-keddie_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keddie-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sanjabi declared his support for Khomeini and joined his forces.<sup id="cite_ref-nikaz80_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikaz80-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the overthrow of the monarchy on 11 February 1979, Khomeini "explicitly refused to put the same word, democracy, into either the title of the Republic or its constitution."<sup id="cite_ref-keddie_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keddie-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanjabi served as the foreign minister of the provisional government led by <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a> between 11 February and 1 April 1979, replacing <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Mirfendereski" title="Ahmad Mirfendereski">Ahmad Mirfendereski</a> in the post.<sup id="cite_ref-Alil_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rubin80_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubin80-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanjabi believed and stated that without resolving the Palestinian issue there shall be no peace in the region. Sanjabi also condemned <a href="/wiki/Shahpour_Bakhtiar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahpour Bakhtiar">Shahpour Bakhtiar</a> for accepting the Prime minister position offer by the Shah. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Yazdi" title="Ebrahim Yazdi">Ebrahim Yazdi</a> as minister of foreign affairs in April.<sup id="cite_ref-Alil_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rubin80_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubin80-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_and_arrests">Attacks and arrests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Attacks and arrests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sanjabi's house in Tehran was bombed on 8 April 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-nikaz80_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikaz80-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The underground committee for revenge, a state-financed organization, proclaimed the responsibility of the bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-nikaz80_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikaz80-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was arrested on 11 November 1978 and freed on 6 December.<sup id="cite_ref-nikaz80_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikaz80-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sanjabi was married to Fakhrolmolouk Ardalan Sanjabi (7 September 1921 - 21 February 2011) and had four children, three sons and a daughter. Khosrow, Parviz, Saeed and Maryam.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years_and_death">Later years and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sanjabi left Iran in 1982 and went to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-times95_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times95-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later he settled in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-times95_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times95-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcsan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcsan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 4 July 1995 at his home in <a href="/wiki/Carbondale,_Illinois" title="Carbondale, Illinois">Carbondale, Illinois</a>, at the age of 89.<sup id="cite_ref-saxon_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saxon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V3GH-PNB">Social Security Death Index: Karim B Sanjabi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/iranian-oral-history-project/catalog/32-SANJABI__KARIM04">"Interview with Sanjabi, Karim: Tape 04. The Iranian Oral History Project is a unique resource for the study of modern Iranian history"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Sanjabi%2C+Karim%3A+Tape+04.+The+Iranian+Oral+History+Project+is+a+unique+resource+for+the+study+of+modern+Iranian+history.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcuriosity.lib.harvard.edu%2Firanian-oral-history-project%2Fcatalog%2F32-SANJABI__KARIM04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/iranian-oral-history-project/catalog/32-SANJABI__KARIM03">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Interview with Sanjabi, Karim: Tape 03. The Iranian Oral History Project is a unique resource for the study of modern Iranian history"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Interview+with+Sanjabi%2C+Karim%3A+Tape+03.+The+Iranian+Oral+History+Project+is+a+unique+resource+for+the+study+of+modern+Iranian+history%22.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcuriosity.lib.harvard.edu%2Firanian-oral-history-project%2Fcatalog%2F32-SANJABI__KARIM03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saxon-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-saxon_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-saxon_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-saxon_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaxon1995" class="citation news cs1">Saxon, Wolfang (7 July 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/07/obituaries/karim-sanjabi-politician-90-foe-of-shah-and-islamic-militants.html">"Karim Sanjabi, Politician, 90, Foe of Shah and Islamic Militants"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Karim+Sanjabi%2C+Politician%2C+90%2C+Foe+of+Shah+and+Islamic+Militants&rft.date=1995-07-07&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Wolfang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F07%2F07%2Fobituaries%2Fkarim-sanjabi-politician-90-foe-of-shah-and-islamic-militants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mark87-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mark87_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mark87_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGasiorowski1987" class="citation journal cs1">Gasiorowski, Mark J. (August 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529181652/http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/political_science/shared/political_science/3213/Material/Hwa%20Lee/1953%20Coup.pdf">"The 1953 Coup D'etat in Iran"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>19</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">261–</span>286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0020743800056737">10.1017/s0020743800056737</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154201459">154201459</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/political_science/shared/political_science/3213/Material/Hwa%20Lee/1953%20Coup.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+1953+Coup+D%27etat+in+Iran&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E261-%3C%2Fspan%3E286&rft.date=1987-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0020743800056737&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154201459%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gasiorowski&rft.aufirst=Mark+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgraduateinstitute.ch%2Ffiles%2Flive%2Fsites%2Fiheid%2Ffiles%2Fsites%2Fpolitical_science%2Fshared%2Fpolitical_science%2F3213%2FMaterial%2FHwa%2520Lee%2F1953%2520Coup.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arjomand1988-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arjomand1988_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaid_Amir_Arjomand1988" class="citation book cs1">Said Amir Arjomand (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IQci1YIffjYC&pg=PA109"><i>The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504258-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504258-0"><bdi>978-0-19-504258-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turban+for+the+Crown%3A+The+Islamic+Revolution+in+Iran&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504258-0&rft.au=Said+Amir+Arjomand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIQci1YIffjYC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nikaz80-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nikaz80_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nikaz80_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nikaz80_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nikaz80_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nikaz80_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNikazmerad1980" class="citation journal cs1">Nikazmerad, Nicholas M. (1980). "A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (1/4): <span class="nowrap">327–</span>368. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210868008701575">10.1080/00210868008701575</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4310346">4310346</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Chronological+Survey+of+the+Iranian+Revolution&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E327-%3C%2Fspan%3E368&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210868008701575&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4310346%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nikazmerad&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMilani1993" class="citation journal cs1">Milani, Mohsen M. (April 1993). "Harvest of Shame: Tudeh and the Bazargan Government". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>29</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">307–</span>320. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263209308700950">10.1080/00263209308700950</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283563">4283563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Harvest+of+Shame%3A+Tudeh+and+the+Bazargan+Government&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E307-%3C%2Fspan%3E320&rft.date=1993-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263209308700950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4283563%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Milani&rft.aufirst=Mohsen+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keddie-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keddie_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keddie_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9uTdrOschzoC&pg=PA233"><i>Modern Iran</i> Nikki R. Keddie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann_Richard" title="Yann Richard">Yann Richard</a> p. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alil-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alil_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alil_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuman_Ali2018" class="citation book cs1">Luman Ali (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jMRlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA156"><i>British Diplomacy and the Iranian Revolution, 1978-1981</i></a>. Cham: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-94406-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-94406-7"><bdi>978-3-319-94406-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Diplomacy+and+the+Iranian+Revolution%2C+1978-1981&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-319-94406-7&rft.au=Luman+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjMRlDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rubin80-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rubin80_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubin80_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRubin1980" class="citation book cs1">Rubin, Barry (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021121704/http://www.gloria-center.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Paved-with-Good-Intentions-final.pdf"><i>Paved with Good Intentions</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: Penguin Books. p. 287. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gloria-center.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Paved-with-Good-Intentions-final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paved+with+Good+Intentions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gloria-center.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F02%2FPaved-with-Good-Intentions-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thesouthern/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=148813056#fbLoggedOut">"Fakhrolmolouk Sanjabi"</a>. <i>The Southern</i>. Carbondale<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southern&rft.atitle=Fakhrolmolouk+Sanjabi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Fthesouthern%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fpage%3Dlifestory%26pid%3D148813056%23fbLoggedOut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times95-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-times95_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times95_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1755&dat=19950707&id=XIUeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=o3wEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2952,1418709">"Karim Sanjabi"</a>. <i>Sarasota Herald Tribune</i>. 7 July 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sarasota+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Karim+Sanjabi&rft.date=1995-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1755%26dat%3D19950707%26id%3DXIUeAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Do3wEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2952%2C1418709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcsan-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcsan_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/revolution/biogs.shtml#08">"Sanjabi, Karim (Dr.) (1904 - )"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Sanjabi%2C+Karim+%28Dr.%29+%281904+-+%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpersian%2Frevolution%2Fbiogs.shtml%2308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarim+Sanjabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Siavoshi, Sussan, <i>Liberal Nationalism in Iran: The Failure of a Movement</i>, Westview Press, 1990.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Sanjabi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160612115433/http://jebhemeliiran.org/">Iranian National Front</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Karim_Sanjabi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Karim Sanjabi">Karim Sanjabi</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Mirfendereski" title="Ahmad Mirfendereski">Ahmad Mirfendereski</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Iran">Foreign Minister of Iran</a> </b><br />1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Yazdi" title="Ebrahim Yazdi">Ebrahim Yazdi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Allahyar_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahyar Saleh">Allahyar Saleh</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Iran)" title="National Front (Iran)">National Front</a> </b><br />1967–1988 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Adib_Boroumand" title="Adib Boroumand">Adib Boroumand</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Iran" title="Template:Ministers of foreign affairs of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Ministers of foreign affairs of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of foreign affairs of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Iran94" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Ministers of foreign affairs of Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neshat_Esfahani" title="Neshat Esfahani">Neshat Esfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Abolhassan_Khan_Ilchi" title="Mirza Abolhassan Khan Ilchi">Ilchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masoud_Ansari_Garmrudi" title="Mirza Masoud Ansari Garmrudi">Garmrudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj_Mirza_Aghasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajj Mirza Aghasi">Aghasi</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Kabir" title="Amir Kabir">Amir Kabir</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mohammad-Ali_Khan_Shirazi" title="Mirza Mohammad-Ali Khan Shirazi">Mirza Mohammad-Ali Khan Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Khan_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Saeed Khan Ansari">Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Hosein_Khan_Moshir_od-Dowleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh">Moshir od-Dowleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Khan_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Saeed Khan Ansari">Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Nasrullah_Khan" title="Mirza Nasrullah Khan">Nasrullah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firouz_Nosrat-ed-Dowleh_III" title="Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III">Nosrat-ed-Dowleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Soheili" title="Ali Soheili">Soheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozaffar_Alam" title="Mozaffar Alam">Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Ala%27" title="Hossein Ala'">Ala'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmoud_Salehi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmoud Salehi (page does not exist)">Salehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Rais" title="Mohsen Rais">Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagher_Kazemi" title="Bagher Kazemi">Kazemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Navab" title="Hossein Navab">Navab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Fatemi" title="Hossein Fatemi">Fatemi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdol-Hossein_Meftah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdol-Hossein Meftah (page does not exist)">Meftah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlollah_Zahedi" title="Fazlollah Zahedi">Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Entezam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Entezam">Entezam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gholi_Ardalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Gholi Ardalan">Ardalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Aram" title="Abbas Aram">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Sharif-Emami" title="Jafar Sharif-Emami">Sharif-Emami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Ghods-Nakhai" title="Hossein Ghods-Nakhai">Ghods-Nakhai</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Aram" title="Abbas Aram">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeshir_Zahedi" title="Ardeshir Zahedi">Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Ali_Khalatbari" title="Abbas Ali Khalatbari">Khalatbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Khosrow_Afshar" title="Amir Khosrow Afshar">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Mirfendereski" title="Ahmad Mirfendereski">Mirfendereski</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sanjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Bazargan</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Yazdi" title="Ebrahim Yazdi">Yazdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolhassan_Banisadr" title="Abolhassan Banisadr">Banisadr</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadegh_Ghotbzadeh" title="Sadegh Ghotbzadeh">Ghotbzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_Khodapanahi" title="Karim Khodapanahi">Khodapanahi</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Ali_Rajai" title="Mohammad-Ali Rajai">Rajai</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir-Hossein_Mousavi" title="Mir-Hossein Mousavi">Mousavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Velayati" title="Ali Akbar Velayati">Velayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Kharazi" title="Kamal Kharazi">Kharazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manouchehr_Mottaki" title="Manouchehr Mottaki">Mottaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Salehi" title="Ali Akbar Salehi">Salehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Javad_Zarif" title="Mohammad Javad Zarif">Zarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Amir-Abdollahian" title="Hossein Amir-Abdollahian">Amir-Abdollahian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Bagheri" title="Ali Bagheri">Bagheri</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Araghchi" title="Abbas Araghchi">Araghchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>a</sup> Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6370654#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1020" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6370654#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1020" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6370654#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89135455">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p402229592">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007588553605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/119715651">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vr909m">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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