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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Le_Turku_médiéval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_Turku_médiéval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Le Turku médiéval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_Turku_médiéval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turku_du_XVIe_siècle_à_la_fin_de_la_domination_suédoise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turku_du_XVIe_siècle_à_la_fin_de_la_domination_suédoise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Turku du <span>XVI</span><sup>e</sup> siècle à la fin de la domination suédoise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turku_du_XVIe_siècle_à_la_fin_de_la_domination_suédoise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turku_et_la_domination_russe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turku_et_la_domination_russe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Turku et la domination russe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turku_et_la_domination_russe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'incendie_de_1827" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'incendie_de_1827"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>L'incendie de 1827</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'incendie_de_1827-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_période_de_l'indépendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_période_de_l'indépendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>La période de l'indépendance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_période_de_l'indépendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Économie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Économie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Économie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Économie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Économie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Économie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Les_secteurs_d'activité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_secteurs_d'activité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Les secteurs d'activité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_secteurs_d'activité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principaux_secteurs_d'emploi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principaux_secteurs_d'emploi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Principaux secteurs d'emploi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principaux_secteurs_d'emploi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principales_sociétés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principales_sociétés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Principales sociétés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principales_sociétés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politique_et_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politique_et_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politique et administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politique_et_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Politique et administration</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politique_et_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Évolution_démographique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Évolution_démographique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Évolution démographique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Évolution_démographique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Répartition_des_sièges_du_conseil_municipal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Répartition_des_sièges_du_conseil_municipal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Répartition des sièges du conseil municipal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Répartition_des_sièges_du_conseil_municipal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions_administratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions_administratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Subdivisions administratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions_administratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_et_éducation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_et_éducation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture et éducation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_et_éducation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Culture et éducation</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_et_éducation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Éducation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Éducation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Éducation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Éducation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jumelages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jumelages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Jumelages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jumelages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnalités_de_la_ville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnalités_de_la_ville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Personnalités de la ville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnalités_de_la_ville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paysage_urbain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paysage_urbain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Paysage urbain</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Paysage_urbain-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Paysage urbain</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Paysage_urbain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environnement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environnement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Environnement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environnement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lieux_et_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lieux_et_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Lieux et monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lieux_et_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Transport</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport_maritime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_maritime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Transport maritime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_maritime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_routier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_routier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Transport routier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_routier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_ferroviaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_ferroviaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Transport ferroviaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_ferroviaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_aérien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_aérien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Transport aérien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_aérien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turku</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 122 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%A9" title="ቱርኩ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርኩ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88" title="توركو – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توركو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88" title="توركو – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81" title="টুর্কু – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টুর্কু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_(munisipyo)" title="Turku (munisipyo) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turku (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%B9" title="Turkù – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Turkù" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – éwé" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="éwé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τούρκου – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τούρκου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turu" title="Turu – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88" title="تورکو – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تورکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turu" title="Turu – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Turu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArc%C3%BA" title="Túrcú – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Túrcú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95" title="טורקו – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Տուրկու – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուրկու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="トゥルク – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トゥルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3" title="ტურკუ – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტურკუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%BF%A0" title="투르쿠 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투르쿠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboa" title="Aboa – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aboa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82" title="तुर्कू – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="တားကူးမြို့ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တားကူးမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Åbo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Åbo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ترکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – sotho du Sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotho du Sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Åbo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – tétoum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tétoum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8" title="ตุรกุ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตุรกุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Турку – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турку" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ترکو – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku" title="Turku – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turku" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93" title="图尔库 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="图尔库" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE%E5%BA%AB" title="圖爾庫 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圖爾庫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%8F%A4" title="杜古 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="杜古" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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href="/wiki/Turku"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Turku" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Turku" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&oldid=223102483" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Turku&id=223102483&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurku"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurku"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turku"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turku&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Turku" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Turku" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38511" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="noprint"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/60.451666666667/22.266944444444/fr" data-zoom="9" data-lat="60.451666666667" data-lon="22.266944444444" data-overlays="["_8bc8150c4b7e337f4937b58769d032b1a1f6f114"]">60° 27′ 06″ nord, 22° 16′ 01″ est</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Abo" class="mw-disambig" title="Abo">Abo</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete entete map" style="background-color:#DDFFDD;color:black;">Turku <br /><small><i><span class="lang-sv" lang="sv">Åbo</span></i> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : suédois">(sv)</abbr></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="1" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku.vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blason de Turku"><img alt="Blason de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turku.vaakuna.svg/65px-Turku.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turku.vaakuna.svg/98px-Turku.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Turku.vaakuna.svg/130px-Turku.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="831" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Blason_de_Turku" title="Blason de Turku">Blason</a> </small></td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku.lippu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Turku"><img alt="Drapeau de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Turku.lippu.svg/130px-Turku.lippu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Turku.lippu.svg/195px-Turku.lippu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Turku.lippu.svg/260px-Turku.lippu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="575" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Drapeau" title="Drapeau">Drapeau</a> </small></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_postcard_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turku_postcard_2009.jpg/280px-Turku_postcard_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turku_postcard_2009.jpg/420px-Turku_postcard_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turku_postcard_2009.jpg/560px-Turku_postcard_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="992" /></a></span> <br />Différentes vues de Turku. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Administration</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Finlande"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Finlande"><img alt="Drapeau de la Finlande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finlande" title="Finlande">Finlande</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_de_Finlande" title="Régions de Finlande">Région</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Finlande-Propre" title="Finlande-Propre">Finlande-Propre</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Maire" title="Maire">Maire</a> </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minna_Arve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minna Arve (page inexistante)">Minna Arve</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Langue(s) parlée(s) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnois" title="Finnois">finnois</a> : 88,1 %<br /><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois" title="Suédois">suédois</a> : 5,2 %<br />autres : 6,7 % </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Démographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Recensement_de_la_population" title="Recensement de la population">Population</a> </th> <td>192 794 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant">hab.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Tilastokeskus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilastokeskus-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> <small>(30.6.2020)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align: bottom"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_population" title="Densité de population">Densité</a></th> <td>629 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Géographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques" title="Coordonnées géographiques">Coordonnées</a> </th><td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/60.451666666667/22.266944444444/fr" data-zoom="9" data-lat="60.451666666667" data-lon="22.266944444444" data-overlays="["_8bc8150c4b7e337f4937b58769d032b1a1f6f114"]">60° 27′ 06″ nord, 22° 16′ 01″ est</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">Altitude</a> </th> <td>Max. 50 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Aire_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)#Superficie" title="Aire (géométrie)">Superficie</a> </th> <td><span title="306 370 000 m² ou 306,37 km²" style="cursor:help">30 637</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="hectare">ha</abbr> = 306,37 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">· dont terre </th> <td>245,67 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> (80,19 %) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">· dont eau </th> <td>60,7 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> (19,81 %) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rang superficie </th> <td><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Liste_des_communes_de_Finlande" title="Liste des communes de Finlande">277<sup>e</sup></a> / 336)</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rang population </th> <td><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Liste_des_communes_de_Finlande" title="Liste des communes de Finlande">6<sup>e</sup></a> / 336)</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Histoire</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_historiques_de_Finlande" title="Provinces historiques de Finlande">Province historique</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Finlande_propre" class="mw-redirect" title="Finlande propre">Finlande du Sud-Ouest</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_de_Finlande" title="Provinces de Finlande">Province</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Finlande_occidentale" title="Finlande occidentale">Finlande occidentale</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Fondation </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Droits de Cité depuis </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Localisation</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="img_toggle" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Finlande" title="Finlande">Finlande</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Finland_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte topographique de Finlande"><img alt="Voir sur la carte topographique de Finlande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Finland_physical_map.svg/200px-Finland_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Finland_physical_map.svg/300px-Finland_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Finland_physical_map.svg/400px-Finland_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="843" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(91.269113149844% - 8px);left:calc(25.130341880338% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/16px-City_locator_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/24px-City_locator_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/32px-City_locator_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:90%;bottom:calc(100% - 91.269113149844% + 0.5em);left:calc(25.130341880338% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Turku</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Finlande" title="Finlande">Finlande</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Finland_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte administrative de Finlande"><img alt="Voir sur la carte administrative de Finlande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Finland_location_map.svg/200px-Finland_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Finland_location_map.svg/300px-Finland_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Finland_location_map.svg/400px-Finland_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1718" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(91.269113149844% - 8px);left:calc(25.130341880338% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/16px-City_locator_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/24px-City_locator_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/32px-City_locator_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:90%;bottom:calc(100% - 91.269113149844% + 0.5em);left:calc(25.130341880338% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Turku</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Finlande-Propre" title="Finlande-Propre">Finlande-Propre</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Finland_Varsinais-Suomi_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte administrative de Finlande-Propre"><img alt="Voir sur la carte administrative de Finlande-Propre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Finland_Varsinais-Suomi_Region.svg/330px-Finland_Varsinais-Suomi_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Finland_Varsinais-Suomi_Region.svg/500px-Finland_Varsinais-Suomi_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Finland_Varsinais-Suomi_Region.svg/960px-Finland_Varsinais-Suomi_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="928" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(40.863453815241% - 8px);left:calc(53.43505477307% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/16px-City_locator_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/24px-City_locator_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/32px-City_locator_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:90%;bottom:calc(100% - 40.863453815241% + 0.5em);left:calc(53.43505477307% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Turku</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Liens</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Site_web" title="Site web">Site web</a> </th> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turku.fi/">www.turku.fi</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:left;"><div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #DDFFDD solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Commune_de_Finlande" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Turku</b> (<span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/ˈtur.ku/</span></a></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r216827669">.mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg")center left no-repeat;background-size:11px 11px;padding-left:15px;font-size:smaller}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}}</style><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fi-Turku.ogg" title="Fichier:Fi-Turku.ogg">écoutez</a></sup>, en <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois" title="Suédois">suédois</a> : <span class="lang-sv" lang="sv"><i>Åbo</i></span> <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/ˈoː.bʊ/</span></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r216827669" /><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%C3%85bo.ogg" title="Fichier:Åbo.ogg">écoutez</a></sup>), par le passé <b>Aboen</b> en français, est une <a href="/wiki/Villes_de_Finlande" class="mw-redirect" title="Villes de Finlande">ville</a> de <a href="/wiki/Finlande" title="Finlande">Finlande</a> de 184 300 habitants située dans le Sud-Ouest du pays à l’embouchure du <a href="/wiki/Fleuve_c%C3%B4tier" title="Fleuve côtier">fleuve côtier</a> <a href="/wiki/Aura_(fleuve)" title="Aura (fleuve)">Aura</a>. </p><p>C’est la <a href="/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9s_de_Finlande" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalités de Finlande">sixième ville</a> du pays après (dans l’ordre) <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vantaa" title="Vantaa">Vantaa</a> et <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>. L’agglomération, la troisième du pays, compte 300 000 habitants avec comme principales villes <a href="/wiki/Raisio" title="Raisio">Raisio</a> (23 900 habitants), <a href="/wiki/Kaarina_(Finlande)" title="Kaarina (Finlande)">Kaarina</a> (22 100 habitants), <a href="/wiki/Lieto" title="Lieto">Lieto</a> (15 400 habitants) et <a href="/wiki/Naantali" title="Naantali">Naantali</a> (14 000 habitants). Administrativement, c’est la capitale de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_de_Finlande" title="Régions de Finlande">région</a> de <a href="/wiki/Finlande_propre" class="mw-redirect" title="Finlande propre">Finlande propre</a> (<i>Varsinais-Suomi</i>) et de la <a href="/wiki/Provinces_de_Finlande" title="Provinces de Finlande">province</a> de <a href="/wiki/Finlande_occidentale" title="Finlande occidentale">Finlande occidentale</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jusqu’en <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>, Turku, dont le nom était alors Åbo, fut la capitale de la Finlande, alors assujettie au royaume de <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a>. Lorsque la <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a> administra le pays après la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_de_Finlande" title="Guerre de Finlande">guerre russo-suédoise de 1808-1809</a>, la capitale fut transférée à <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsingfors</a> (aujourd'hui Helsinki), les Russes trouvant Åbo géographiquement trop proche de la Suède. La capitale est restée à Helsinki depuis, et Turku a perdu son caractère de premier ordre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Le_Turku_médiéval"><span id="Le_Turku_m.C3.A9di.C3.A9val"></span>Le Turku médiéval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Le Turku médiéval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Le Turku médiéval"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Turku.jpg/170px-Turku.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Turku.jpg/255px-Turku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Turku.jpg/340px-Turku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a>, l'un des plus grands châteaux médiévaux de <a href="/wiki/Finlande" title="Finlande">Finlande</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'histoire de Turku débute souvent par la lettre du pape <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_IX" title="Grégoire IX">Grégoire IX</a> datée du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1229-01-30" data-sort-value="1229-01-30">23 janvier 1229</time>. La lettre autorise le transfert de l'<a href="/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%A9v%C3%AAques_et_archev%C3%AAques_de_Turku" title="Liste des évêques et archevêques de Turku">archevêché de Turku</a> vers une place plus appropriée, signifiant déplacer l'<a href="/wiki/Archidioc%C3%A8se_de_Turku" title="Archidiocèse de Turku">archevêché</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nousiainen_(Finlande)" title="Nousiainen (Finlande)">Nousiainen</a> à <a href="/wiki/Koroinen" title="Koroinen">Koroinen</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>g 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La vallée du fleuve côtier Aura était prospère et de population relativement dense dès l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_fer" title="Âge du fer">âge du fer</a>, ainsi il n'est pas étonnant qu'on y ait transféré le centre du <a href="/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se" title="Diocèse">diocèse</a>. La ville de Turku actuelle prend forme à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle un peu plus bas que la péninsule de Koroinen en bordure de l'Aura. L'archéologue <a href="/wiki/Markus_Hiekkanen" title="Markus Hiekkanen">Markus Hiekkanen</a> a émis l'hypothèse que la ville est fondée conjointement par le roi, l'évêque et l'<a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Pr%C3%AAcheurs" title="Ordre des Prêcheurs">ordre dominicain</a> institué en <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a>. L'année de fondation de Turku reste cependant inconnue car aucun document à ce sujet n'a été conservé. La <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Turku" title="Cathédrale de Turku">cathédrale de Turku</a> est inaugurée en 1300. Selon la théorie communément admise, le mot Turku viendrait du mot <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a> <i>tǔrgǔ</i>, qui signifie <i>marché</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Avec son évêché et son couvent dominicain, Turku était le centre religieux de la Finlande. Le Turku médiéval était aussi un centre commercial et maritime animé. Turku était la plus grande ville de Finlande et l'une des plus grandes du <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">royaume de Suède</a>. </p><p>Construit à proximité de la ville, le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a> est un des modèles les plus importants appuis du pouvoir en Finlande, pourtant il sera plusieurs fois le théâtre de guerre médiévale. </p><p>Les habitants de <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> pillèrent la ville en <a href="/wiki/1318" title="1318">1318</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Danois" title="Danois">Danois</a> en <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a> et en <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turku_du_XVIe_siècle_à_la_fin_de_la_domination_suédoise"><span id="Turku_du_XVIe_si.C3.A8cle_.C3.A0_la_fin_de_la_domination_su.C3.A9doise"></span>Turku du <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle à la fin de la domination suédoise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Turku du XVIe siècle à la fin de la domination suédoise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Turku du XVIe siècle à la fin de la domination suédoise"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turun_akatemian_vihki%C3%A4iset1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Turun_akatemian_vihki%C3%A4iset1.jpg/170px-Turun_akatemian_vihki%C3%A4iset1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Turun_akatemian_vihki%C3%A4iset1.jpg/255px-Turun_akatemian_vihki%C3%A4iset1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Turun_akatemian_vihki%C3%A4iset1.jpg/340px-Turun_akatemian_vihki%C3%A4iset1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Inauguration de l'<a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_d%27%C3%85bo" title="Académie royale d'Åbo">Académie royale d'Åbo</a> en 1640, peint par <a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Albert Edelfelt</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 280px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 280px; height: 360px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="360" data-zoom="9" data-lat="60.4779551" data-lon="22.2736303" data-overlays="["_bad7bf0297d7e1fb81912fe193a4c04d0a5d169e"]" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/60.4779551/22.2736303/fr"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,60.4779551,22.2736303,280x360.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=223102483&groups=_bad7bf0297d7e1fb81912fe193a4c04d0a5d169e" width="280" height="360" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,60.4779551,22.2736303,280x360@2x.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=223102483&groups=_bad7bf0297d7e1fb81912fe193a4c04d0a5d169e 2x" alt="Carte" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Municipalité de Turku</div></div></div> <p>Après le Moyen Âge, Turku garde sa position de plus grande ville de Finlande. </p><p>De 1556 à 1563, <a href="/wiki/Jean_III_de_Su%C3%A8de" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean III de Suède">Jean III de Suède</a> ayant sa cour dans le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a>, les habitants de Turku peuvent avoir un aperçu de la grandeur de l'Europe. </p><p>Au <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a> est assiégé six fois dans le cadre des luttes de pouvoir en Suède<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>r 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Au <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, la situation et beaucoup plus paisible et la position de Turku comme centre régional devient plus évidente quand on y crée un certain nombre d'institutions éducatives et administratives. Par exemple, le gouvernement provincial est fondée à Turku en <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>, et la première <a href="/wiki/Cour_d%27appel_en_Su%C3%A8de" title="Cour d'appel en Suède">Cour d'appel</a> en Finlande, la <a href="/wiki/Cour_d%27appel_de_Turku" title="Cour d'appel de Turku">Cour d'appel de Turku</a> est instituée en <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Au <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, la ville compte près de 3 000 habitants dont des prêtres, marchands, artisans et serviteurs, fonctionnaires, étudiants et le personnel universitaire. Durant les périodes <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>–<a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a> et <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>–<a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per_Brahe_(le_jeune)" title="Per Brahe (le jeune)">Per Brahe</a> en est le <a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Gouverneur général">gouverneur général</a>. Le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a> est le centre administratif du gouvernement<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le contexte du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, favorable au développement de la ville, prend fin dans la période <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>–<a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a> avec la <a href="/wiki/Grande_guerre_du_Nord" title="Grande guerre du Nord">grande guerre du Nord</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Grande_col%C3%A8re_(Finlande)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande colère (Finlande)">grande colère</a> qui en résulte c'est-à-dire avec l'<a href="/wiki/Occupation" title="Occupation">occupation</a> <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a>. Turku est alors le centre de commandement de l'<a href="/wiki/Occupation" title="Occupation">occupation</a>. Pendant les années <a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>–<a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>, durant la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_russo-su%C3%A9doise_de_1741-1743" title="Guerre russo-suédoise de 1741-1743">guerre russo-suédoise</a> la ville est à nouveau occupée pendant l'épisode dit de <a href="/wiki/Guerre_russo-su%C3%A9doise_de_1741-1743" title="Guerre russo-suédoise de 1741-1743">petite haine</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_russo-su%C3%A9doise_de_1741-1743" title="Guerre russo-suédoise de 1741-1743">petite haine</a> prend fin avec le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_d%27%C3%85bo" title="Traité d'Åbo">traité d'Åbo</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La seconde moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle est plus paisible et permet de développement industriel de Turku. Au <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle Turku a deux des plus importants fabricants de tabac. La construction navale commence en 1732 avec l’établissement du chantier naval de <a href="/wiki/Crichton-Vulcan" title="Crichton-Vulcan">Crichton-Vulcan</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Chantier_naval" title="Chantier naval">construction navale</a> devient l'une des activités principales de la ville<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La population de la ville augmente et au tournant du siècle elle est de 11 000 habitants. À la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, la culture et la science prospèrent comme l'attestent par exemple la fondation du premier jardin botanique et de laboratoires ainsi que la parution du plus ancien journal de Finlande <i><a href="/wiki/Tidningar_Utgifne_Af_et_S%C3%A4llskap_i_%C3%85bo" title="Tidningar Utgifne Af et Sällskap i Åbo">Tidningar Utgifne Af et Sällskap i Åbo</a></i> en <a href="/wiki/1771" title="1771">1771</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a> on fonde à Turku la plus ancienne association de Finlande la <i>Musikaliska Sällskapet i Åbo</i> ou <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_musicale_de_Turku" title="Société musicale de Turku">Turun Soitannollinen Seura</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turku_et_la_domination_russe">Turku et la domination russe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Turku et la domination russe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Turku et la domination russe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turku n'opposera aucune résistance à l'entrée des Russes en octobre <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a> pendant la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_de_Finlande" title="Guerre de Finlande">guerre de Finlande</a>. La vie y continue paisiblement malgré l'<a href="/wiki/Occupation" title="Occupation">occupation</a> russe. La cour d'appel de Turku a siégé et plus tard au printemps l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Évêque">évêque</a> de Turku <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Tengstr%C3%B6m" title="Jacob Tengström">Jacob Tengström</a> et le corps professoral de l'<a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_d%27%C3%85bo" title="Académie royale d'Åbo">Académie royale</a> prête serment d'allégeance au Tsar<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En 1809, Turku devient le centre gouvernemental du <a href="/wiki/Grand-duch%C3%A9_de_Finlande" title="Grand-duché de Finlande">Grand-duché de Finlande</a>, c'est-à-dire la capitale de la Finlande autonome. Du fait de sa position historique, la ville abritait déjà des administrations importantes. Elle est également capitale du <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_d%27%C3%85bo_et_Bj%C3%B6rneborg" title="Gouvernement d'Åbo et Björneborg">Gouvernement d'Åbo et Björneborg</a>. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Turku" title="Cathédrale de Turku">cathédrale de Turku</a> et son évêque sont les autorités religieuses les plus importantes du pays. Turku a une université et est le centre maritime et commercial de Finlande. En 1812, la capitale est transférée à <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, car selon <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ier_de_Russie" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Ier de Russie">Alexandre <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> Turku était d’esprit trop suédois et trop proche géographiquement de son ancienne mère patrie. </p><p>Plus tard, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Erik_Mannerheim" title="Carl Erik Mannerheim">Carl Erik Mannerheim</a>, que l'on considère comme le <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_Premiers_ministres_de_Finlande" title="Liste des Premiers ministres de Finlande">Premier des premiers ministres de Finlande</a>, dira dans ses mémoires que le déplacement de la capitale de Turku à Helsinki était de son avis une erreur, et que les opportunistes finlandais y avait vu des avantages<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'incendie_de_1827"><span id="L.27incendie_de_1827"></span>L'incendie de 1827</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : L'incendie de 1827" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : L'incendie de 1827"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les 4 et <time class="nowrap" datetime="1827-09-05" data-sort-value="1827-09-05">5 septembre 1827</time>, la ville est ravagée par le <a href="/wiki/Grand_incendie_de_Turku" title="Grand incendie de Turku">grand incendie de Turku</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Plus de 2 500 bâtiments y sont détruits, soit les deux tiers de la ville. À la suite de cette catastrophe, la planification de Turku est confiée à l’architecte <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludwig_Engel" title="Carl Ludwig Engel">Carl Ludwig Engel</a>. Celui-ci remplace les dernières traces de constructions médiévales par un plan quadrillé aux rues larges, droites et parallèles<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le centre-ville est toujours bâti selon les plans de Engel. </p><p>Après l'<a href="/wiki/Grand_incendie_de_Turku" title="Grand incendie de Turku">incendie</a>, l’université est transférée à <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsingfors</a>, la ville perdant encore un peu de son influence, mais elle resta la plus peuplée de Finlande, jusque vers <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1827, hormis le siège de l'<a href="/wiki/Archidioc%C3%A8se_de_Turku" title="Archidiocèse de Turku">archidiocèse de Turku</a> tous les instruments du gouvernement central sont transférés à Helsinki après le grand incendie. Le <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle est marqué par la reconstruction de la ville et par un réveil national, le <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_fennomane" title="Mouvement fennomane">Mouvement fennomane</a>. Il circule ce que l'on appelle le <a href="/wiki/Romantisme_de_Turku" title="Romantisme de Turku">romantisme de Turku</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turun_palo_1827.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turku durant le grand incendie de 1827"><img alt="Turku durant le grand incendie de 1827" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Turun_palo_1827.jpg/120px-Turun_palo_1827.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Turun_palo_1827.jpg/180px-Turun_palo_1827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Turun_palo_1827.jpg/240px-Turun_palo_1827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2614" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turku durant le <a href="/wiki/Grand_incendie_de_Turku" title="Grand incendie de Turku">grand incendie de 1827</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Plan_af_%C3%85bo_Stad_(1837).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan d'Åbo Stad (1837)"><img alt="Plan d'Åbo Stad (1837)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Plan_af_%C3%85bo_Stad_%281837%29.jpg/120px-Plan_af_%C3%85bo_Stad_%281837%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Plan_af_%C3%85bo_Stad_%281837%29.jpg/250px-Plan_af_%C3%85bo_Stad_%281837%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan d'Åbo Stad (1837)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_période_de_l'indépendance"><span id="La_p.C3.A9riode_de_l.27ind.C3.A9pendance"></span>La période de l'indépendance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : La période de l'indépendance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : La période de l'indépendance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Aurakatu_1910%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aurakatu_1910%27s.jpg/200px-Aurakatu_1910%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aurakatu_1910%27s.jpg/300px-Aurakatu_1910%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Aurakatu_1910%27s.jpg/400px-Aurakatu_1910%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption> La rue <a href="/wiki/Aurakatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurakatu">Aurakatu</a> au centre de Turku dans les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1910" title="Années 1910">années 1910</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_Castle_1941_burning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Turku_Castle_1941_burning.jpg/200px-Turku_Castle_1941_burning.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Turku_Castle_1941_burning.jpg/300px-Turku_Castle_1941_burning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Turku_Castle_1941_burning.jpg/400px-Turku_Castle_1941_burning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption> Le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a> en été <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> après le bombardement par l'<a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_civile_finlandaise" title="Guerre civile finlandaise">guerre civile</a> éclate juste après la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_d%27ind%C3%A9pendance_finlandaise" title="Déclaration d'indépendance finlandaise">déclaration d'indépendance</a> et Turku est comme les autres grandes villes sous administration des <a href="/wiki/Gardes_rouges_(Finlande)" title="Gardes rouges (Finlande)">rouges</a>. Cependant la guerre est brève et au printemps <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, les rouges se retirent de Turku. Pendant la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_d%27Hiver" title="Guerre d'Hiver">guerre d'Hiver</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_de_Continuation" title="Guerre de Continuation">guerre de Continuation</a> Turku soufre des bombardements de l'URSS. Entre-autres le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a> est très endommagé et le quartier de <a href="/wiki/Martti" title="Martti">Martti</a> est presque entièrement détruit. Durant la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_d%27Hiver" title="Guerre d'Hiver">guerre d'Hiver</a>, l'URSS largue 4 000 bombes qui endommageront plus de 600 bâtiments. Les bombardements tuent 52 personnes et en blessent 152. Après <a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Viipuri</a>, Turku aura été la ville la plus bombardée pendant la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_d%27Hiver" title="Guerre d'Hiver">guerre d'Hiver</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après guerre, Le président <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Mannerheim</a> était d'avis que la capitale devrait être transférée de Helsinki à Turku. En effet, l'<a href="/wiki/Armistice_de_Moscou" title="Armistice de Moscou">armistice de Moscou</a> de <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> oblige la Finlande à louer <a href="/wiki/Base_navale_de_Porkkala" title="Base navale de Porkkala">Porkkala</a> comme <a href="/wiki/Base_militaire" title="Base militaire">base militaire</a> à l'URSS<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après les guerres, la population de Turku croit fortement avec la génération nombreuse du <a href="/wiki/Baby_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby boom">baby boom</a>) et la migration des ruraux vers les villes De nombreux anciens bâtiments seront remplacés par des immeubles modernes, ce que l'on appellera plus tard la <i>maladie de Turku</i><sup id="cite_ref-turuntauti_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turuntauti-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. À la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle et au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, Turku s'est développée comme ville de commerce et de voyage. </p> <div class="clear" style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Économie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turku est le centre économique de la sous-région qui a une structure économique diversifiée qui s'appuie sur une offre de formation très large. En 2006, le <a href="/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut" title="Produit intérieur brut">produit intérieur brut</a> de Turku est de 30 572 <abbr class="abbr" title="euro">€</abbr> (pour toute la Finlande : 31 719 <abbr class="abbr" title="euro">€</abbr>/habitant)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Environ la moitié des firmes de développement de médicament et de diagnostic de Finlande sont situées dans la région de Turku<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_secteurs_d'activité"><span id="Les_secteurs_d.27activit.C3.A9"></span>Les secteurs d'activité</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Les secteurs d'activité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les secteurs d'activité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À côté de l'industrie pharmaceutique, les points forts traditionnels de Turku et sa région sont particulièrement l'industrie de la <a href="/wiki/Construction_navale" title="Construction navale">construction navale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chantier_naval_de_Perno" title="Chantier naval de Perno">chantier naval de Perno</a>) et l'<a href="/wiki/Industrie_agroalimentaire" title="Industrie agroalimentaire">industrie agroalimentaire</a>. De nouveaux arrivants sont les secteurs de l'<a href="/wiki/Informatique" title="Informatique">informatique</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Logistique" title="Logistique">logistique</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Voyage" title="Voyage">voyages</a>. La région de Turku a plusieurs <a href="/wiki/Grappe_industrielle" title="Grappe industrielle">clusters</a> dont les plus importants sont le <a href="/wiki/Cluster_maritime_de_Finlande" title="Cluster maritime de Finlande">Cluster maritime de Finlande</a> et le cluster des <a href="/wiki/Biotechnologie" title="Biotechnologie">biotechnologies</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi les sociétés cotées en bourse dont le siège social est situé dans la région de Turku, on peut citer <a href="/wiki/Raisio" title="Raisio">Raisio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleste" title="Teleste">Teleste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotie_Therapies" title="Biotie Therapies">Biotie Therapies</a> et <a href="/wiki/HKScan" title="HKScan">HKScan</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi les 500 plus grandes entreprises finlandaises situées dans la région de Turku, on peut lister entre autres : <a href="/wiki/HKScan" title="HKScan">HKScan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meyer_Turku" title="Meyer Turku">Meyer Turku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veritas_El%C3%A4kevakuutus" title="Veritas Eläkevakuutus">Assurances Veritas</a>, <a href="/wiki/S-Ryhm%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Ryhmä">Turun Osuuskauppa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayer_(entreprise)" title="Bayer (entreprise)">Bayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raisio" title="Raisio">Raisio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordkalk" title="Nordkalk">Nordkalk</a>, TS-Yhtymä, <a href="/wiki/Turku_Energia" title="Turku Energia">Turku Energia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleste" title="Teleste">Teleste</a>, Maskun Kalustetalo, <a href="/wiki/PerkinElmer" title="PerkinElmer">PerkinElmer</a>, Fläkt Woods, <a href="/wiki/Finnsementti" title="Finnsementti">Finnsementti</a>, Leaf, Lämpöpuisto, <a href="/wiki/Finnfeeds_Finland" title="Finnfeeds Finland">Finnfeeds Finland</a>, Burger-In et Felix Abba<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principaux_secteurs_d'emploi"><span id="Principaux_secteurs_d.27emploi"></span>Principaux secteurs d'emploi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Principaux secteurs d'emploi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Principaux secteurs d'emploi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> Turku a 94 188 emplois, qui se répartissent comme suit<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rang</th> <th>Secteur</th> <th>Pourcentage</th> <th>Rang</th> <th>Secteur</th> <th>Pourcentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soins_de_sant%C3%A9" title="Soins de santé">Services de santé et services sociaux</a></td> <td>18,1 %</td> <td>12.</td> <td>Autres services</td> <td>3,1 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">Commerce</a></td> <td>11,4 %</td> <td>13.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banque" title="Banque">Secteur bancaire et financier</a></td> <td>2,3 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Industrie" title="Industrie">Industrie</a></td> <td>10,3 %</td> <td>14.</td> <td>Arts et loisirs</td> <td>2,1 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ducation" title="Éducation">Éducation</a></td> <td>8,9 %</td> <td>15.</td> <td>Secteur immobilier</td> <td>1,1 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.</td> <td>Services administratifs</td> <td>8,6 %</td> <td>16.</td> <td>Eau, égouts, eaux usées et gestion des déchets</td> <td>0,5 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logistique" title="Logistique">Logistique</a></td> <td>6,8 %</td> <td>17.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylviculture" title="Sylviculture">sylviculture</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pisciculture" title="Pisciculture">pisciculture</a></td> <td>0,4 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.</td> <td>Activités spécialisées, scientifiques et techniques</td> <td>6,5 %</td> <td>18.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie" title="Énergie">Électricité, gaz, chauffage, climatisation</a></td> <td>0,2 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secteur_public" title="Secteur public">Secteur public</a>, défense nationale, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_sociale" title="Sécurité sociale">sécurité sociale</a></td> <td>5,9 %</td> <td>19.</td> <td>Mines et carrières</td> <td>0,0 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Industrie de la construction</a></td> <td>5,6 %</td> <td>20.</td> <td>Emplois par particuliers</td> <td>0,0 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Information et communication</td> <td>3,6 %</td> <td>21.</td> <td>Organisations et organismes internationaux</td> <td>0,0 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.</td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bergement_(voyage)" title="Hébergement (voyage)">Hébergement</a> et <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restauration</a></td> <td>3,6 %</td> <td>22.</td> <td>inconnu</td> <td>1,0 % </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principales_sociétés"><span id="Principales_soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></span>Principales sociétés</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Principales sociétés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Principales sociétés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 2020, les principales entreprises de Turku par <a href="/wiki/Chiffre_d%27affaires" title="Chiffre d'affaires">chiffre d'affaires</a> sont<sup id="cite_ref-finder.suurimmat.2020_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finder.suurimmat.2020-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <center> <table class="wikitable sortable alternance" style="margin:0.5em 0 0 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Société</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chiffre_d%27affaires" title="Chiffre d'affaires">C.A.</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Turku" title="Meyer Turku">Meyer Turku</a> Oy</td> <td align="right">968 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayer_(entreprise)" title="Bayer (entreprise)">Bayer</a> Oy</td> <td align="right">956 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HKScan" title="HKScan">HKScan</a> Finland Oy</td> <td align="right">689 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S-ryhm%C3%A4" title="S-ryhmä">Turun Osuuskauppa</a></td> <td align="right">595 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Motonet Turku</td> <td align="right">351 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turku_Energia" title="Turku Energia">Turku Energia</a> Oy</td> <td align="right">229 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wallac Oy</td> <td align="right">192 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lämpöpuisto Oy</td> <td align="right">183 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paloheimo Asset Management Oy</td> <td align="right">167 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Me Group Oy Ltd Ab</td> <td align="right">167 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">M</a>€ </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politique_et_administration">Politique et administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Politique et administration" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Politique et administration"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Évolution_démographique"><span id=".C3.89volution_d.C3.A9mographique"></span>Évolution démographique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Évolution démographique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Évolution démographique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; width: 37.8em; margin: 0 auto; padding:0 1px; text-align:center; font-family: Liberation Sans, Arial, sans-serif;"><table class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: 0;font-size:100%;"> <caption style="margin-bottom:5px;">Évolution démographique</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td>16 870</td><td>19 617</td><td>23 947</td><td>30 096</td><td>31 658</td><td>41 993</td><td>45 408</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:5px; margin-bottom: 0;font-size:100%;"> <caption class="hidden">Évolution démographique, suite (1)</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td>53 681</td><td>65 475</td><td>100 514</td><td>123 285</td><td>155 069</td><td>163 933</td><td>159 539</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:5px; margin-bottom: 0;font-size:100%;"> <caption class="hidden">Évolution démographique, suite (2)</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td>172 107</td><td>174 824</td><td>179 529<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td>-</td><td>184 112<sup id="cite_ref-vrk_2014_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vrk_2014-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td>184 300<sup id="cite_ref-Väestörekisterikeskus_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Väestörekisterikeskus-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td>187 637<sup id="cite_ref-Tilastokeskus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilastokeskus-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:5px; margin-bottom: 0;font-size:100%;"> <caption class="hidden">Évolution démographique, suite (3)</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;"><a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a></th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;">-</th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;">-</th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;">-</th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;">-</th> <th scope="col" style="background-color: #DFD;">-</th> </tr> <tr> <td>192 794</td><td>195 047</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Répartition_des_sièges_du_conseil_municipal"><span id="R.C3.A9partition_des_si.C3.A8ges_du_conseil_municipal"></span>Répartition des sièges du conseil municipal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Répartition des sièges du conseil municipal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Répartition des sièges du conseil municipal"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pour la période 2012-2016, à la suite des élections municipales de 2012, le partage des sièges du conseil municipal de Turku est le suivant<sup id="cite_ref-HS_tulos_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS_tulos-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <table class="wikitable alternance" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Parti </th> <th>Sièges<br />2012 </th> <th>Écart<br />Sièges<br /> 2012-2008 </th> <th>Pourcentage<br />de voix </th> <th>Écart<br />pourcentage<br />de voix </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_de_la_Coalition_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti de la Coalition nationale">Parti de la Coalition nationale</a></td> <td>19</td> <td>0</td> <td>25,8 %</td> <td>-1,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ED1B34"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_social-d%C3%A9mocrate_de_Finlande" title="Parti social-démocrate de Finlande">Parti social-démocrate de Finlande</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>-1</td> <td>20,3 %</td> <td>-1,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#61BF1A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ligue_verte" title="Ligue verte">Ligue verte</a></td> <td>10</td> <td>-1</td> <td>14,5 %</td> <td>-1,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BF1D23"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_de_gauche_(Finlande)" title="Alliance de gauche (Finlande)">Alliance de gauche</a></td> <td>9</td> <td>-1</td> <td>13,4 %</td> <td>-0,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFDE55"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vrais_Finlandais" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrais Finlandais">Vrais Finlandais</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>+4</td> <td>9,2 %</td> <td>+5,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#009D57"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_du_centre_(Finlande)" title="Parti du centre (Finlande)">Parti du centre</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>+1</td> <td>5,9 %</td> <td>+0,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFDD93"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_populaire_su%C3%A9dois_de_Finlande" title="Parti populaire suédois de Finlande">Parti populaire suédois de Finlande</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>-1</td> <td>5,3 %</td> <td>-0,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#18359B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tiens-d%C3%A9mocrates_(Finlande)" title="Chrétiens-démocrates (Finlande)">Chrétiens-démocrates</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>-1</td> <td>2,0 %</td> <td>-0,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td>Liste unis bleus-blancs et indépendants</td> <td>1</td> <td>-</td> <td>1,8 %</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#8B0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_communiste_de_Finlande_(1918)" title="Parti communiste de Finlande (1918)">Parti communiste de Finlande</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,7 %</td> <td>0,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#660099"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parti_pirate_(Finlande)" title="Parti pirate (Finlande)">Parti pirate</a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,6 %</td> <td>+0,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td>Muutos 2011</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,3 %</td> <td>+0,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td>Liste unique Parti progressiste</td> <td>0</td> <td>-</td> <td>0,2 %</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_de_l%27ind%C3%A9pendance_(Finlande)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti de l'indépendance (Finlande) (page inexistante)">Parti de l'indépendance (Finlande)</a> <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsen%C3%A4isyyspuolue" class="extiw" title="fi:Itsenäisyyspuolue"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en finnois : « Itsenäisyyspuolue »">(fi)</span></a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,1 %</td> <td>+0,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_des_travailleurs_(Finlande)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti des travailleurs (Finlande) (page inexistante)">Parti des travailleurs (Finlande)</a> <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomen_Ty%C3%B6v%C3%A4enpuolue_STP" class="extiw" title="fi:Suomen Työväenpuolue STP"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en finnois : « Suomen Työväenpuolue STP »">(fi)</span></a></td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,1 %</td> <td>+0,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td>Kimmo Sjöholm</td> <td>0</td> <td>-</td> <td>0,0 %</td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions_administratives">Subdivisions administratives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Subdivisions administratives" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Subdivisions administratives"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_de_Turku" title="Subdivisions de Turku">Subdivisions de Turku</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_et_éducation"><span id="Culture_et_.C3.A9ducation"></span>Culture et éducation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Culture et éducation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Culture et éducation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turku a été choisie <a href="/wiki/Capitale_europ%C3%A9enne_de_la_culture" title="Capitale européenne de la culture">Capitale européenne de la culture</a> 2011 et a organisé les <a href="/wiki/Europ%C3%A9ade" title="Européade">Européade</a> en 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Religion"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg/220px-Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg/330px-Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg/440px-Turku_sijainti_Suomi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="2950" /></a><figcaption>Localisation de Turku.</figcaption></figure> <p>Turku abrite plusieurs communautés religieuses et elle demeure le siège de l’<a href="/wiki/Luth%C3%A9ranisme" title="Luthéranisme">Église luthérienne</a> finlandaise<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique-luth%C3%A9rienne_de_Finlande" title="Église évangélique-luthérienne de Finlande">Église évangélique-luthérienne de Finlande</a> a 8 paroisses à Turku<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi les autres mouvements luthériens actifs à Turku, il y a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_luth%C3%A9rienne_%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique_de_Finlande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association luthérienne évangélique de Finlande (page inexistante)">Association luthérienne évangélique de Finlande</a> <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomen_luterilainen_evankeliumiyhdistys" class="extiw" title="fi:Suomen luterilainen evankeliumiyhdistys"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en finnois : « Suomen luterilainen evankeliumiyhdistys »">(fi)</span></a>, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_pi%C3%A9tiste_du_R%C3%A9veil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association piétiste du Réveil (page inexistante)">Association piétiste du Réveil</a> <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%A4tt%C3%A4j%C3%A4-Yhdistys" class="extiw" title="fi:Herättäjä-Yhdistys"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en finnois : « Herättäjä-Yhdistys »">(fi)</span></a>, le <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6stadianisme" title="Læstadianisme">læstadianisme</a> et la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_nationale_de_la_Bible&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société nationale de la Bible (page inexistante)">Société nationale de la Bible</a> <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansan_Raamattuseura" class="extiw" title="fi:Kansan Raamattuseura"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en finnois : « Kansan Raamattuseura »">(fi)</span></a>. Les autres mouvements chrétiens sont l'<a href="/wiki/Catholicisme_en_Finlande" title="Catholicisme en Finlande">Église catholique de Finlande</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_orthodoxe_de_Finlande" title="Église orthodoxe de Finlande">Église orthodoxe de Finlande</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. D'autres communautés religieuses importantes de Turku sont la communauté <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">juive</a>, la communauté <a href="/wiki/Bouddhisme" title="Bouddhisme">Bouddhiste Vietnamienne</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et la communauté <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmane</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turun_Tuomiokirkko.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La cathédrale de Turku"><img alt="La cathédrale de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turun_Tuomiokirkko.jpg/90px-Turun_Tuomiokirkko.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turun_Tuomiokirkko.jpg/135px-Turun_Tuomiokirkko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Turun_Tuomiokirkko.jpg/180px-Turun_Tuomiokirkko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Turku" title="Cathédrale de Turku">cathédrale de Turku</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_orthodox_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'église orthodoxe de Turku"><img alt="L'église orthodoxe de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Turku_orthodox_church.jpg/120px-Turku_orthodox_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Turku_orthodox_church.jpg/180px-Turku_orthodox_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Turku_orthodox_church.jpg/240px-Turku_orthodox_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_orthodoxe_de_Turku" title="Église orthodoxe de Turku">église orthodoxe de Turku</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Martin_kirkko,_seen_from_north.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'église de Martti"><img alt="L'église de Martti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Martin_kirkko%2C_seen_from_north.jpg/90px-Martin_kirkko%2C_seen_from_north.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Martin_kirkko%2C_seen_from_north.jpg/135px-Martin_kirkko%2C_seen_from_north.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Martin_kirkko%2C_seen_from_north.jpg/180px-Martin_kirkko%2C_seen_from_north.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_Martti" title="Église de Martti">église de Martti</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_-_St_Michael%27s_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'église Mikael de Turku"><img alt="L'église Mikael de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Turku_-_St_Michael%27s_Church.jpg/82px-Turku_-_St_Michael%27s_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Turku_-_St_Michael%27s_Church.jpg/124px-Turku_-_St_Michael%27s_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Turku_-_St_Michael%27s_Church.jpg/165px-Turku_-_St_Michael%27s_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="3732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Mikael_de_Turku" title="Église Mikael de Turku">église Mikael de Turku</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kakskerran_kirkko.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'église de Kakskerta"><img alt="L'église de Kakskerta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kakskerran_kirkko.jpg/120px-Kakskerran_kirkko.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kakskerran_kirkko.jpg/180px-Kakskerran_kirkko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Kakskerran_kirkko.jpg/240px-Kakskerran_kirkko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3492" data-file-height="2372" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_Kakskerta" title="Église de Kakskerta">église de Kakskerta</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_Jewish_Synagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La synagogue de Turku"><img alt="La synagogue de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Turku_Jewish_Synagogue.jpg/120px-Turku_Jewish_Synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Turku_Jewish_Synagogue.jpg/180px-Turku_Jewish_Synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Turku_Jewish_Synagogue.jpg/240px-Turku_Jewish_Synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> La <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_de_Turku" title="Synagogue de Turku">synagogue de Turku</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Harjavallan_kirkko.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="L'église d'Harjavalta"><img alt="L'église d'Harjavalta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Harjavallan_kirkko.JPG/120px-Harjavallan_kirkko.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Harjavallan_kirkko.JPG/180px-Harjavallan_kirkko.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Harjavallan_kirkko.JPG/240px-Harjavallan_kirkko.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> L'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_toutes_les_b%C3%A9atitudes_(Harjavalta)" title="Église de toutes les béatitudes (Harjavalta)">église d'Harjavalta</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Henrikin_kirkko,_Turku_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Église Saint-Henri de Turku"><img alt="Église Saint-Henri de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Henrikin_kirkko%2C_Turku_2.jpg/120px-Henrikin_kirkko%2C_Turku_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Henrikin_kirkko%2C_Turku_2.jpg/250px-Henrikin_kirkko%2C_Turku_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Henri_de_Turku" title="Église Saint-Henri de Turku">Église Saint-Henri de Turku</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Varissuon_kirkko.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Église de Varissuo"><img alt="Église de Varissuo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Varissuon_kirkko.jpg/120px-Varissuon_kirkko.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Varissuon_kirkko.jpg/180px-Varissuon_kirkko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Varissuon_kirkko.jpg/240px-Varissuon_kirkko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_Varissuo" title="Église de Varissuo">Église de Varissuo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ecumenical_Art_Chapel_of_St._Henry_in.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chapelle œcuménique de Turku"><img alt="Chapelle œcuménique de Turku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ecumenical_Art_Chapel_of_St._Henry_in.jpg/90px-Ecumenical_Art_Chapel_of_St._Henry_in.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ecumenical_Art_Chapel_of_St._Henry_in.jpg/135px-Ecumenical_Art_Chapel_of_St._Henry_in.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ecumenical_Art_Chapel_of_St._Henry_in.jpg/180px-Ecumenical_Art_Chapel_of_St._Henry_in.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Chapelle_%C5%93cum%C3%A9nique_de_Turku" title="Chapelle œcuménique de Turku">Chapelle œcuménique de Turku</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:LienTamLuostariTurku2021c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pagode du Monastère de Liên Tâm"><img alt="Pagode du Monastère de Liên Tâm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/LienTamLuostariTurku2021c.jpg/120px-LienTamLuostariTurku2021c.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/LienTamLuostariTurku2021c.jpg/250px-LienTamLuostariTurku2021c.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4582" data-file-height="3530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pagode du <a href="/wiki/Monast%C3%A8re_de_Li%C3%AAn_T%C3%A2m" title="Monastère de Liên Tâm">Monastère de Liên Tâm</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Éducation"><span id=".C3.89ducation"></span>Éducation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Éducation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Éducation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La municipalité de Turku assure les enseignements primaire et secondaire en finnois, suédois et anglais<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. À côté des enseignements gérés par la municipalité, il existe d'autres établissements comme, entre autres, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_normale_de_Turku" title="École normale de Turku">école normale de Turku</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Turku" title="Université de Turku">université de Turku</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_des_migrations" title="Institut des migrations">Institut des migrations</a> et l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Steiner_de_Turku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Steiner de Turku (page inexistante)">école Steiner de Turku</a> <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turun_Steiner-koulu" class="extiw" title="fi:Turun Steiner-koulu"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en finnois : « Turun Steiner-koulu »">(fi)</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les principaux établissements d'enseignement supérieur de Turku sont : </p> <table class="wikitable alternance"> <tbody><tr> <th>Établissement d’enseignement supérieur </th> <th>Nombre<br />d'étudiants<br />à Turku<br />(2008) </th> <th>Nombre<br />d'étudiants<br />à Turku<br />(2012) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Turku" title="Université de Turku">Université de Turku</a></td> <td align="right">15 483</td> <td align="right">20 227<sup id="cite_ref-fusion_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fusion-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_de_Turku" title="Université des sciences appliquées de Turku">Université des sciences appliquées de Turku</a></td> <td align="right">9 213</td> <td align="right">9 500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_d%27%C3%85bo" title="Académie d'Åbo">Académie d'Åbo</a></td> <td align="right">6 110</td> <td align="right">6 450 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Turku" title="Université de Turku">École de commerce de Turku</a></td> <td align="right">2 258</td> <td align="right">-<sup id="cite_ref-fusion_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fusion-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_Novia" title="Université des sciences appliquées Novia">Université des sciences appliquées Novia</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td> <td align="right">1 105</td> <td align="right">1 220 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_Diakonia" title="Université des sciences appliquées Diakonia">Université des sciences appliquées Diakonia</a></td> <td align="right">251</td> <td align="right">3 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_humaniste_des_sciences_appliqu%C3%A9es_Humak" title="Université humaniste des sciences appliquées Humak">Université humaniste des sciences appliquées Humak</a></td> <td align="right">91</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td align="right"><b>34 511</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td>Sources</td> <td align="right"><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td> <td align="right"><sup id="cite_ref-utu_2012_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utu_2012-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-abo_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abo-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-turkuamk_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turkuamk-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-novia_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novia-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L’<a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Arts_de_Turku" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie des Arts de Turku">académie des Arts de Turku</a> est connue de par le monde, notamment, pour son département de <a href="/wiki/Image_anim%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Image animée">cinéma d’animation</a> (auparavant intégré à l’école d’Art et de Communication de Turku). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jumelages">Jumelages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifier la section : Jumelages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Jumelages"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La ville poursuit une politique de jumelage très active, recherchant les relations avec des secondes villes de leur pays, des centres religieux ou d’anciennes capitales. En 2020, les villes jumelles de Turku sont<sup id="cite_ref-yk_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yk-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 420px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 420px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="420" data-height="200" data-zoom="3" data-lat="51.831520833333" data-lon="20.777222222222" data-overlays="["_9f7ebeb0a6dcf8fdeac5bcb581b4cc13975fe964"]" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/3/51.831520833333/20.777222222222/fr"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,51.831520833333,20.777222222222,420x200.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=223102483&groups=_9f7ebeb0a6dcf8fdeac5bcb581b4cc13975fe964" width="420" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,51.831520833333,20.777222222222,420x200@2x.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=223102483&groups=_9f7ebeb0a6dcf8fdeac5bcb581b4cc13975fe964 2x" alt="Carte" /></a><div class="thumbcaption"><span class="wd_p190">Jumelages et partenariats de Turku.<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511?uselang=fr#P190" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></div></div><table class="wikitable centre sortable alternance"><caption><span class="wd_p190">Jumelages et partenariats de Turku.<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511?uselang=fr#P190" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Ville</th><th scope="col" colspan="2">Pays</th><th scope="col">Période</th></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Aarhus"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Aarhus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Aarhus.svg/13px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aarhus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Aarhus.svg/19px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aarhus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Aarhus.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aarhus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Danemark"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Danemark" title="Danemark">Danemark</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1946" data-sort-value="1946" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Bergen"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Bergen,_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Bergen%2C_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bergen%2C_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Bergen%2C_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bergen%2C_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Bergen%2C_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bergen%2C_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Bergen_(Norv%C3%A8ge)" title="Bergen (Norvège)">Bergen</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Norvège"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8ge" title="Norvège">Norvège</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1946" data-sort-value="1946" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Bratislava"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bratislava-bratislava-flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bratislava-bratislava-flag.svg/20px-Bratislava-bratislava-flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bratislava-bratislava-flag.svg/30px-Bratislava-bratislava-flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bratislava-bratislava-flag.svg/40px-Bratislava-bratislava-flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48a34e0404bd4cd7f1931f48640952168696fab_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48a34e0404bd4cd7f1931f48640952168696fab-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Slovaquie"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Slovaquie" title="Slovaquie">Slovaquie</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1976" data-sort-value="1976" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Cologne"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flagge_K%C3%B6ln.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flagge_K%C3%B6ln.svg/20px-Flagge_K%C3%B6ln.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flagge_K%C3%B6ln.svg/30px-Flagge_K%C3%B6ln.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flagge_K%C3%B6ln.svg/40px-Flagge_K%C3%B6ln.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Allemagne"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1967" data-sort-value="1967" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Constanța"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Constanta,_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Constanta%2C_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Constanta%2C_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Constanta%2C_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Constanta%2C_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Constanta%2C_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Constanta%2C_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Roumanie"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Roumanie" title="Roumanie">Roumanie</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1958" data-sort-value="1958" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Florence"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Florence.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Florence.svg/20px-Flag_of_Florence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Florence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Florence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Florence.svg/40px-Flag_of_Florence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-de9cd818639d242acb9d330e576a3f9254e37c32_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-de9cd818639d242acb9d330e576a3f9254e37c32-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Italie"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Italie" title="Italie">Italie</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1992" data-sort-value="1992" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Gdańsk"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:POL_Gda%C5%84sk_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/POL_Gda%C5%84sk_flag.svg/20px-POL_Gda%C5%84sk_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/POL_Gda%C5%84sk_flag.svg/30px-POL_Gda%C5%84sk_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/POL_Gda%C5%84sk_flag.svg/40px-POL_Gda%C5%84sk_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-a54e58bc1a2e817690133691cbb8fd572c58c719_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-a54e58bc1a2e817690133691cbb8fd572c58c719-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Pologne"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne">Pologne</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1987" data-sort-value="1987" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Göteborg"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:G%C3%B6teborg_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/G%C3%B6teborg_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.svg/13px-G%C3%B6teborg_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/G%C3%B6teborg_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.svg/20px-G%C3%B6teborg_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/G%C3%B6teborg_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.svg/26px-G%C3%B6teborg_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6teborg_(commune)" title="Göteborg (commune)">Göteborg</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-2909cafc6f9c15863c5a45af2bf26698ccfda37c_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-2909cafc6f9c15863c5a45af2bf26698ccfda37c-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Suède"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1946" data-sort-value="1946" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Kharkiv"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kharkiv-town-flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kharkiv-town-flag.svg/20px-Kharkiv-town-flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kharkiv-town-flag.svg/40px-Kharkiv-town-flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-b6f8600b0838a77a59978309e507ea5fd02eac73_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-b6f8600b0838a77a59978309e507ea5fd02eac73-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Ukraine"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="2022" data-sort-value="2022" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Rostock"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flagge_der_Hansestadt_Rostock.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flagge_der_Hansestadt_Rostock.svg/20px-Flagge_der_Hansestadt_Rostock.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flagge_der_Hansestadt_Rostock.svg/30px-Flagge_der_Hansestadt_Rostock.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flagge_der_Hansestadt_Rostock.svg/40px-Flagge_der_Hansestadt_Rostock.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-93d2a5add6ed3ddb5f61aafc536a3026c7049a9f_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-93d2a5add6ed3ddb5f61aafc536a3026c7049a9f-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Allemagne"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1958" data-sort-value="1958" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Szeged"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Szeged.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Szeged.svg/20px-Flag_of_Szeged.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Szeged.svg/30px-Flag_of_Szeged.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Szeged.svg/40px-Flag_of_Szeged.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-93f7e50a5fec3e25c00feafd2d277a91c4f06f44_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-93f7e50a5fec3e25c00feafd2d277a91c4f06f44-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-28ca715d2e1a47c5c048f508736750900e9a80b2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-28ca715d2e1a47c5c048f508736750900e9a80b2-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Hongrie"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1971" data-sort-value="1971" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Tartu"></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Estonie"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie">Estonie</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="2008" data-sort-value="2008" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a></time></td></tr><tr><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Varna"></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Bulgarie)" title="Varna (Bulgarie)">Varna</a><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="border-right:0"><span data-sort-value="Bulgarie"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td style="border-left:0"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie">Bulgarie</a></td><td>depuis <time datetime="1963" data-sort-value="1963" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a></time></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifier la section : Sports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sports"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comme dans la plupart des villes du pays, le sport le plus populaire à Turku est le <a href="/wiki/Hockey_sur_glace" title="Hockey sur glace">hockey sur glace</a> ; le <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TPS_(hockey_sur_glace)" title="TPS (hockey sur glace)">TPS Turku</a></span> évolue dans la plus haute division du pays (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Championnat_de_Finlande_de_hockey_sur_glace" title="Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace">SM-liiga</a></span>) et a remporté le championnat dix fois. Un deuxième club professionnel évolue également à Turku, le <a href="/wiki/TuTo_Turku" class="mw-redirect" title="TuTo Turku">TuTo Turku</a>, en seconde division. L’ex-capitaine des <a href="/wiki/Canadiens_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Canadiens de Montréal">Canadiens de Montréal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saku_Koivu" title="Saku Koivu">Saku Koivu</a> est natif de Turku. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">football</a> a aussi une place importante en ville, avec l’<a href="/wiki/Football_Club_International_Turku" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Club International Turku">Inter Turku</a> et le <a href="/wiki/TPS_(football)" title="TPS (football)">TPS</a> (ce dernier faisant partie de la même organisation que le club de hockey), deux clubs évoluant au sein de la <a href="/wiki/Championnat_de_Finlande_de_football" title="Championnat de Finlande de football">Veikkausliiga</a>. Cette tendance a été confirmée par la construction en <a href="/wiki/1997_en_sport" title="1997 en sport">1997</a> du <a href="/wiki/Stade_Paavo-Nurmi" title="Stade Paavo-Nurmi">stade Paavo-Nurmi</a>. </p><p>Turku est aussi le lieu de naissance de la <a href="/wiki/Ringuette" title="Ringuette">ringuette</a> en Finlande<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1979, Juhani WahlstenIl crée quelques équipes à Turku. Le premier club de ringuette est le <i>Ringetteläisiä Turun Siniset</i>. Le premier tournoi national a lieu le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1980-12-13" data-sort-value="1980-12-13">13 décembre 1980</time> dans la ville. L'Association locale de ringuette est fondé en 1981 à Turku et fait venir plusieurs entraîneurs canadiens afin de faire de la formation. En 1983, l'association nationale de ringuette de Finlande est fondé à Turku. Les prochains championnats mondiaux des clubs de ringuette se tiendront à Turku, du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-12-27" data-sort-value="2011-12-27">27 décembre 2011</time> au <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-01-01" data-sort-value="2012-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2012</time><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnalités_de_la_ville"><span id="Personnalit.C3.A9s_de_la_ville"></span>Personnalités de la ville</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifier la section : Personnalités de la ville" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnalités de la ville"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-width:30em;column-count:2;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemminki_Maskulainen" title="Hemminki Maskulainen">Hemminki Maskulainen</a> (né vers 1550 à Turku), prêtre et auteur de cantiques ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Sp%C3%B6ring" title="Herman Spöring">Herman Spöring</a> (1733-1771), explorateur, naturaliste et illustrateur finlandais</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a> (1760-1852), chimiste finlandais. La <a href="/wiki/Gadolinite" title="Gadolinite">gadolinite</a> porte son nom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Boman" title="Nikolaï Boman">Nikolaï Boman</a> (1845-1923), maître charpentier et fabricant de meubles finlandais.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Nurmi" title="Paavo Nurmi">Paavo Nurmi</a> (1897-1973), <i>alias</i> le « Finlandais volant », athlète finlandais né à Turku ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aino_Forsten" title="Aino Forsten">Aino Forsten</a> (1885-1937), femme politique ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnel_Nyman" title="Gunnel Nyman">Gunnel Nyman</a> (1909-1948), designer finlandaise, née à Turku ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Aitio" title="Paavo Aitio">Paavo Aitio</a> (1918-1989), homme politique ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arto_Salomaa" title="Arto Salomaa">Arto Salomaa</a> (1934-2025), mathématicien et informaticien théoricien finlandais, né à Turku ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarno_Saarinen" title="Jarno Saarinen">Jarno Saarinen</a> (1945-1973), pilote de vitesse moto, <a href="/wiki/Championnat_du_monde_de_vitesse_moto_1972" title="Championnat du monde de vitesse moto 1972">champion du Monde en 1972</a> ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauno_Koivisto" title="Mauno Koivisto">Mauno Koivisto</a> (1923-2017), <abbr class="abbr" title="Neuvième">9<sup>e</sup></abbr> président de la République de Finlande ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lepp%C3%A4" title="Henry Leppä">Henry Leppä</a> (1947-), joueur professionnel de hockey sur glace ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuvo_Lansivuori" class="mw-redirect" title="Teuvo Lansivuori">Teuvo Lansivuori</a> (1945-), pilote de vitesse moto ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ingves" title="Stefan Ingves">Stefan Ingves</a> (1953-), gouverneur de la <a href="/wiki/Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de" title="Banque de Suède">Banque de Suède</a> ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharina_Bosse" title="Katharina Bosse">Katharina Bosse</a> (1968-), photographe ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saku_Koivu" title="Saku Koivu">Saku Koivu</a> (1974-), joueur de hockey de la NHL, retraité ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darude" title="Darude">Darude</a> (1975-), producteur et disc jockey de dance ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miikka_Kiprusoff" title="Miikka Kiprusoff">Miikka Kiprusoff</a> (1976-), ancien gardien de but de l’équipe de hockey des <a href="/wiki/Flames_de_Calgary" title="Flames de Calgary">Flames de Calgary</a> ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikko_Koivu" title="Mikko Koivu">Mikko Koivu</a> (1983-), capitaine de l’équipe de hockey du <a href="/wiki/Wild_du_Minnesota" title="Wild du Minnesota">Wild du Minnesota</a>, retraité ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jere_Uronen" title="Jere Uronen">Jere Uronen</a> (1994-), joueur de football professionnel au <a href="/wiki/Stade_brestois_29" title="Stade brestois 29">Stade brestois 29</a> et <a href="/wiki/%C3%89quipe_de_Finlande_de_football" title="Équipe de Finlande de football">international finlandais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_(chanteur)" title="Robin (chanteur)">Robin (chanteur)</a> (1998-), chanteur de pop ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Gualinga" title="Helena Gualinga">Helena Gualinga</a> (2002-), militante écologiste équatorienne, a effectué ses études secondaires à Turku<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapo_Kakko" title="Kaapo Kakko">Kaapo Kakko</a> (2001-), joueur de hockey de la NHL, évoluant <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage devrait préciser au minimum la décennie ou l'année." style="cursor:help;">actuellement</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Quand" title="Aide:Quand">[Quand ?]</a></sup> pour les <a href="/wiki/Rangers_de_New_York" title="Rangers de New York">Rangers de New York</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paysage_urbain">Paysage urbain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifier la section : Paysage urbain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Paysage urbain"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Panorama_over_Turku,_Finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama de Turku vu de la cathédrale de Turku."><img alt="Panorama de Turku vu de la cathédrale de Turku." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Panorama_over_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg/960px-Panorama_over_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Panorama_over_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg/1200px-Panorama_over_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Panorama_over_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg/1600px-Panorama_over_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="19943" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>Panorama de Turku vu de la <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Turku" title="Cathédrale de Turku">cathédrale de Turku</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environnement">Environnement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifier la section : Environnement" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Environnement"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Autumn_Ruissalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Autumn_Ruissalo.jpg/200px-Autumn_Ruissalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Autumn_Ruissalo.jpg/300px-Autumn_Ruissalo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Autumn_Ruissalo.jpg/400px-Autumn_Ruissalo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3831" data-file-height="2412" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Ruissalo" title="Ruissalo">Ruissalo</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pikisaari_(Turku)" title="Pikisaari (Turku)">Pikisaari</a> en 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>La superficie de Turku est de 306,37 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> dont 60,7 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> d'eau. Les communes voisines de Turku sont <a href="/wiki/Aura_(commune_de_Finlande)" title="Aura (commune de Finlande)">Aura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaarina_(Finlande)" title="Kaarina (Finlande)">Kaarina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieto" title="Lieto">Lieto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masku" title="Masku">Masku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myn%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki" title="Mynämäki">Mynämäki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naantali" title="Naantali">Naantali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nousiainen_(Finlande)" title="Nousiainen (Finlande)">Nousiainen</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B6yty%C3%A4" title="Pöytyä">Pöytyä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raisio" title="Raisio">Raisio</a> et <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a>. Les collines du sud au nord sont <a href="/wiki/Kakolanm%C3%A4ki" title="Kakolanmäki">Kakolanmäki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puolalanm%C3%A4ki" title="Puolalanmäki">Puolalanmäki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samppalinnanm%C3%A4ki" class="mw-redirect" title="Samppalinnanmäki">Samppalinnanmäki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aninkaistenm%C3%A4ki" title="Aninkaistenmäki">Aninkaistenmäki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yliopistonm%C3%A4ki" title="Yliopistonmäki">Yliopistonmäki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vartiovuorenm%C3%A4ki" title="Vartiovuorenmäki">Vartiovuorenmäki</a> et <a href="/wiki/Kerttulinm%C3%A4ki" title="Kerttulinmäki">Kerttulinmäki</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le point culminant de la ville est Karhunsauna (89 mètres d'altitude) qui se trouve sur Tortinmäki<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L’étendue nord-sud de Turku est de 45 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>. La partie la plus septentrionale est le quartier de <a href="/wiki/Paattinen" title="Paattinen">Paattinen</a> intégré en <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Parc_national_de_Kurjenrahka" title="Parc national de Kurjenrahka">parc national de Kurjenrahka</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La largeur maximale de Turku est de 15 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>. La partie occidentale de Turku est formé d'îles dont les plus étendues sont <a href="/wiki/Ruissalo" title="Ruissalo">Ruissalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hirvensalo" title="Hirvensalo">Hirvensalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satava" title="Satava">Satava</a> et <a href="/wiki/Kakskerta" title="Kakskerta">Kakskerta</a>. L'île de Ruissalo est très précieuse par son histoire et par sa diversité naturelle elle est l'un des sites protégés les plus importants de Finlande, elle est intégrée au <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_Natura_2000" title="Réseau Natura 2000">réseau Natura 2000</a> Turku possède aussi la moitié de l'île <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4hkin%C3%A4inen" title="Pähkinäinen">Pähkinäinen</a> à <a href="/wiki/Naantali" title="Naantali">Naantali</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_de_Turku" title="Îles de Turku">Îles de Turku</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifier la section : Architecture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=23" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Architecture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turun_Sanomat2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Turun_Sanomat2.JPG/250px-Turun_Sanomat2.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Turun_Sanomat2.JPG/330px-Turun_Sanomat2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Turun_Sanomat2.JPG/500px-Turun_Sanomat2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="2313" /></a><figcaption>L'immeuble de <a href="/wiki/Turun_Sanomat" title="Turun Sanomat">Turun Sanomat</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turun_kaupungintalo_iltavalaistuksessa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Turun_kaupungintalo_iltavalaistuksessa.JPG/250px-Turun_kaupungintalo_iltavalaistuksessa.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Turun_kaupungintalo_iltavalaistuksessa.JPG/330px-Turun_kaupungintalo_iltavalaistuksessa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Turun_kaupungintalo_iltavalaistuksessa.JPG/500px-Turun_kaupungintalo_iltavalaistuksessa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>L'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_de_Turku" title="Hôtel de ville de Turku">hôtel de ville de Turku</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Concert_hall_of_Turku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Concert_hall_of_Turku.jpg/170px-Concert_hall_of_Turku.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Concert_hall_of_Turku.jpg/255px-Concert_hall_of_Turku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Concert_hall_of_Turku.jpg/340px-Concert_hall_of_Turku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Le <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_concerts_de_Turku" title="Palais des concerts de Turku">palais des concerts</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Turku" title="Cathédrale de Turku">cathédrale de Turku</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">château de Turku</a> datent du Moyen Âge et sont les plus anciens bâtiments de ville. Le plus ancien plan d'urbanisme de la ville date du début du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. En <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>, sur les ordres de <a href="/wiki/Per_Brahe_(le_jeune)" title="Per Brahe (le jeune)">Per Brahe</a>, le géomètre Hans Hansson élabore un premier plan cadastral. En 1828, à la suite du grand incendie <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludwig_Engel" title="Carl Ludwig Engel">Carl Ludwig Engel</a> actualise le plan de la ville. Il reste quelques bâtiments ayant résisté à l'incendie dont la <a href="/wiki/Maison_acad%C3%A9mique" title="Maison académique">Maison académique</a> et la zone de maisons en bois de Luostarinmäki. Selon le plan de 1828, les rues principales devaient mesurer 45 <a href="/wiki/Aune" title="Aune">aunes</a> de large et les rues secondaires 30 <a href="/wiki/Aune" title="Aune">aunes</a> et on devait construire en pierres les maisons des rues principales, les rues en bordure du fleuve et les rues bordant la place du marché. </p><p>En plus du plan d'urbanisme <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludwig_Engel" title="Carl Ludwig Engel">Carl Ludwig Engel</a> conçoit aussi des bâtiments comme l'<a href="/wiki/Observatoire_de_Vartiovuori" title="Observatoire de Vartiovuori">observatoire de Vartiovuori</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_orthodoxe_de_Turku" title="Église orthodoxe de Turku">église orthodoxe de Turku</a>. Après l'incendie le quartier entourant le parc de la <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Turku" title="Cathédrale de Turku">cathédrale de Turku</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Ancienne_grande_place_du_march%C3%A9" title="Ancienne grande place du marché">ancienne grande place du marché</a> est reconstruit largement dans un <a href="/wiki/Architecture_n%C3%A9o-classique" title="Architecture néo-classique">style néoclassique</a>. On peut citer par exemple l'immeuble Brinkkala, l'<a href="/wiki/Ancienne_mairie_de_Turku" title="Ancienne mairie de Turku">ancienne mairie</a>, l'immeuble Hjelt, l'immeuble Juselius et le <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_su%C3%A9dois_de_Turku" title="Théâtre suédois de Turku">théâtre suédois de Turku</a>. </p><p>Après l’indépendance de la Finlande, on compte <a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a> et <a href="/wiki/Erik_Bryggman" title="Erik Bryggman">Erik Bryggman</a> parmi les plus importants développeurs de l'architecture de la ville. À l'époque, en conséquence de leurs travaux de conception Turku est un remarquable centre du <a href="/wiki/Fonctionnalisme_(architecture)" title="Fonctionnalisme (architecture)">fonctionnalisme</a>. Parmi les œuvres représentatives du <a href="/wiki/Fonctionnalisme_(architecture)" title="Fonctionnalisme (architecture)">style fonctionnaliste</a> on peut citer l'immeuble de <a href="/wiki/Turun_Sanomat" title="Turun Sanomat">Turun Sanomat</a> ou la <a href="/wiki/Coop%C3%A9rative_agricole_du_sud-ouest_de_la_Finlande" title="Coopérative agricole du sud-ouest de la Finlande">Chambre agricole du sud-ouest de la Finlande</a> conçus par Aalto et <a href="/wiki/Hospits_Betel" title="Hospits Betel">Hospits Betel</a> ou la <a href="/wiki/Chapelle_de_la_R%C3%A9surrection_de_Turku" title="Chapelle de la Résurrection de Turku">chapelle de la Résurrection</a> conçus par <a href="/wiki/Erik_Bryggman" title="Erik Bryggman">Erik Bryggman</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Après la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>, l'orientation et les priorités de l'architecture de la ville changent. Les architectes sont remplacés par les sociétés de construction car on a besoin de construire rapidement de nombreux logements. On commence à bâtir les premières banlieues comme <a href="/wiki/Iso-Heikkil%C3%A4" title="Iso-Heikkilä">Iso-Heikkilä</a>, Uittamo et Pääskyvuori. Dans les décennies suivant la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a> on détruit de nombreux bâtiments anciens pour les remplacer par des constructions plus hautes. </p><p>La <i>maladie de Turku</i> (<a href="/wiki/Finnois" title="Finnois">finnois</a> : <span class="lang-fi" lang="fi">Turun tauti</span>) est un concept qui se réfère au démantèlement de bâtiments anciens pour faire place à des bâtiments contemporains laids, et qui inclut une culture politique où le pouvoir se trouve concentré dans les mains de quelques-uns. Ce concept de <i>maladie de Turku</i> (<a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9dois" title="Suédois">suédois</a> : <span class="lang-sv" lang="sv">Åbo smitta</span>) apparaît dès 1916 dans la presse d'<a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, quand on commence à construire de nouvelles construction de style <a href="/wiki/Jugend" title="Jugend">jugend</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950" title="Années 1950">années 1950</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1960" title="Années 1960">1960</a>, le concept revient à la mode quand l'<a href="/wiki/Mouvement_moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement moderne">architecture moderne</a> s'étend dans toute la ville<sup id="cite_ref-turuntauti_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turuntauti-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Dans les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1980" title="Années 1980">années 1980</a>, la préoccupation revient au développement de l'image de la ville et des architectes de valeur sont de nouveau sollicités pour concevoir les bâtiments de Turku. L'architecte <a href="/wiki/Benito_Casagrande" title="Benito Casagrande">Benito Casagrande</a> a conçu plusieurs bâtiments de Turku dès les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1970" title="Années 1970">années 1970</a>. Les plus connus sont probablement l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Elot_urbain_Hansa" title="Îlot urbain Hansa">Îlot urbain Hansa</a> et les bâtiments <i>Data-City</i> et <i>Bio-City</i> du <a href="/wiki/Parc_scientifique_de_Turku" title="Parc scientifique de Turku">parc scientifique de Turku</a>. Parmi les ensembles conçus par des architectes on peut nommer la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_principale_de_Turku" title="Bibliothèque principale de Turku">Bibliothèque principale de Turku</a>, conçue par Asmo Jaaksi, le <a href="/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_universitaire_de_Turku" title="Centre hospitalier universitaire de Turku">Centre hospitalier universitaire de Turku</a>, la tour d'habitation Airiston Tähti<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et les immeubles de bureaux de la Société If. </p> <div class="clear" style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lieux_et_monuments">Lieux et monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifier la section : Lieux et monuments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=24" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lieux et monuments"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Liste_de_lieux_et_monuments_de_Turku" title="Liste de lieux et monuments de Turku">Liste de lieux et monuments de Turku</a>.</div></div> <table role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Carte de lieux et monuments de Turku</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 600px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 600px; height: 800px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="600" data-height="800" data-zoom="11" data-lat="60.453138060075" data-lon="22.278897995144" data-overlays="["_88a2a88d32bffa8b076d2e6fce6b2562b1ba4ce3"]" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/11/60.453138060075/22.278897995144/fr"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,60.453138060075,22.278897995144,600x800.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=223102483&groups=_88a2a88d32bffa8b076d2e6fce6b2562b1ba4ce3" width="600" height="800" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,60.453138060075,22.278897995144,600x800@2x.png?lang=fr&domain=fr.wikipedia.org&title=Turku&revid=223102483&groups=_88a2a88d32bffa8b076d2e6fce6b2562b1ba4ce3 2x" alt="Carte" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Carte interactive de lieux et monuments de Turku<br /><i>(cliquer pour voir les détails)</i></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les lieux et monuments les plus visités en 2011 sont<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rang </th> <th> </th> <th>Lieu </th> <th>Visiteurs </th> <th>Rang </th> <th> </th> <th>Lieu </th> <th>Visiteurs </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_cathedral_26-Dec-2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Turku_cathedral_26-Dec-2004.jpg/100px-Turku_cathedral_26-Dec-2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Turku_cathedral_26-Dec-2004.jpg/150px-Turku_cathedral_26-Dec-2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Turku_cathedral_26-Dec-2004.jpg/200px-Turku_cathedral_26-Dec-2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="974" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Turku" title="Cathédrale de Turku">Cathédrale de Turku</a></td> <td>173 028</td> <td>7.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Centaurea_jacea_Ruissalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Centaurea_jacea_Ruissalo.jpg/120px-Centaurea_jacea_Ruissalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Centaurea_jacea_Ruissalo.jpg/250px-Centaurea_jacea_Ruissalo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="2449" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_l%27universit%C3%A9_de_Turku" title="Jardin botanique de l'université de Turku">Jardin botanique de l'université de Turku</a></td> <td>35 518 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Aboa_Vetus,_Ars_Nova_-museo,_Turku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aboa_Vetus%2C_Ars_Nova_-museo%2C_Turku.jpg/120px-Aboa_Vetus%2C_Ars_Nova_-museo%2C_Turku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aboa_Vetus%2C_Ars_Nova_-museo%2C_Turku.jpg/250px-Aboa_Vetus%2C_Ars_Nova_-museo%2C_Turku.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aboa_Vetus_%26_Ars_Nova" title="Aboa Vetus & Ars Nova">Aboa Vetus & Ars Nova</a></td> <td>170 000</td> <td>8.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltosen_museo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltosen_museo.jpg/100px-W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltosen_museo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltosen_museo.jpg/150px-W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltosen_museo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltosen_museo.jpg/200px-W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltosen_museo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_W%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Aaltonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Wäinö Aaltonen">Musée Wäinö Aaltonen</a></td> <td>25 769 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turku_Castle.jpg/100px-Turku_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turku_Castle.jpg/150px-Turku_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turku_Castle.jpg/200px-Turku_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3596" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Turku" title="Château de Turku">Château de Turku</a></td> <td>121 024</td> <td>9.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kuralan_kyl%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kuralan_kyl%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg/100px-Kuralan_kyl%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kuralan_kyl%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg/150px-Kuralan_kyl%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kuralan_kyl%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg/200px-Kuralan_kyl%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Village_de_Kurala" class="mw-redirect" title="Village de Kurala">Village de Kurala</a></td> <td>17 005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Suomen_Joutsen_2007-07-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Suomen_Joutsen_2007-07-30.jpg/100px-Suomen_Joutsen_2007-07-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Suomen_Joutsen_2007-07-30.jpg/150px-Suomen_Joutsen_2007-07-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Suomen_Joutsen_2007-07-30.jpg/200px-Suomen_Joutsen_2007-07-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forum_Marinum" title="Forum Marinum">Forum Marinum</a></td> <td>118 862</td> <td>10.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sibelius-museo_Turku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sibelius-museo_Turku.jpg/100px-Sibelius-museo_Turku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sibelius-museo_Turku.jpg/150px-Sibelius-museo_Turku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sibelius-museo_Turku.jpg/200px-Sibelius-museo_Turku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Sibelius_(Turku)" title="Musée Sibelius (Turku)">Musée Sibelius</a></td> <td>10 524 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg/100px-Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg/150px-Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg/200px-Turku_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1882" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27art_de_Turku" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d'art de Turku">Musée d'art de Turku</a></td> <td>80 848</td> <td>11.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Biologiska_museet_%C3%85bo_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Biologiska_museet_%C3%85bo_2010.jpg/120px-Biologiska_museet_%C3%85bo_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Biologiska_museet_%C3%85bo_2010.jpg/250px-Biologiska_museet_%C3%85bo_2010.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_biologie" title="Musée de la biologie">Musée de la biologie</a></td> <td>9 769 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Luostarinm%C3%A4en_k%C3%A4sity%C3%B6l%C3%A4ismuseo,_vaununtekij%C3%A4n_verstas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Luostarinm%C3%A4en_k%C3%A4sity%C3%B6l%C3%A4ismuseo%2C_vaununtekij%C3%A4n_verstas.jpg/100px-Luostarinm%C3%A4en_k%C3%A4sity%C3%B6l%C3%A4ismuseo%2C_vaununtekij%C3%A4n_verstas.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Luostarinm%C3%A4en_k%C3%A4sity%C3%B6l%C3%A4ismuseo%2C_vaununtekij%C3%A4n_verstas.jpg/150px-Luostarinm%C3%A4en_k%C3%A4sity%C3%B6l%C3%A4ismuseo%2C_vaununtekij%C3%A4n_verstas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Luostarinm%C3%A4en_k%C3%A4sity%C3%B6l%C3%A4ismuseo%2C_vaununtekij%C3%A4n_verstas.jpg/200px-Luostarinm%C3%A4en_k%C3%A4sity%C3%B6l%C3%A4ismuseo%2C_vaununtekij%C3%A4n_verstas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27artisanat_de_Luostarinm%C3%A4ki" title="Musée de l'artisanat de Luostarinmäki">Musée de l'artisanat de Luostarinmäki</a></td> <td>44 184</td> <td>12.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turun_apteekkimuseo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Turun_apteekkimuseo.jpg/100px-Turun_apteekkimuseo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Turun_apteekkimuseo.jpg/150px-Turun_apteekkimuseo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Turun_apteekkimuseo.jpg/200px-Turun_apteekkimuseo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2840" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_pharmacie" title="Musée de la pharmacie">Musée de la pharmacie</a> et<br /><a href="/wiki/Maison_Qwensel" title="Maison Qwensel">Maison Qwensel</a></td> <td>7 480 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Turku compte de nombreux parcs : </p> <div style="column-width:20em;margin:.3em 0;" class="colonnes"><div style="margin:-.3em 0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemanpuisto" title="Asemanpuisto">Asemanpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkerinpuisto" title="Barkerinpuisto">Barkerinpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahenpuisto" title="Brahenpuisto">Brahenpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleminginpuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleminginpuisto">Fleminginpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingegerdinpuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingegerdinpuisto">Ingegerdinpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupittaanpuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupittaanpuisto">Kupittaanpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linnanpuisto" title="Linnanpuisto">Linnanpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nnrotinpuisto" title="Lönnrotinpuisto">Lönnrotinpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerheiminpuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannerheiminpuisto">Mannerheiminpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porthaninpuisto" title="Porthaninpuisto">Porthaninpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puolalanpuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Puolalanpuisto">Puolalanpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruissalon_Kansanpuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruissalon Kansanpuisto">Ruissalon Kansanpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runeberginpuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Runeberginpuisto">Runeberginpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samppalinnanpuisto" title="Samppalinnanpuisto">Samppalinnanpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuomiokirkonpuisto_(Turku)" title="Tuomiokirkonpuisto (Turku)">Tuomiokirkonpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4hk%C3%A4puisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tähkäpuisto">Tähkäpuisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vartiovuorenm%C3%A4ki" title="Vartiovuorenmäki">Vartiovuorenmäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turun_Urheilupuisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Turun Urheilupuisto">Urheilupuisto</a></li></ul> </div></div> <p>On peut aussi y voir les <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_%C5%93uvres_publiques_de_Turku" title="Liste des œuvres publiques de Turku">statues et monuments mémoriaux</a> publics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifier la section : Transport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=25" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_maritime">Transport maritime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifier la section : Transport maritime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=26" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport maritime"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Turku_Hafen_Silja_(Baltic_Princess)_Viking_(Grace).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Turku_Hafen_Silja_%28Baltic_Princess%29_Viking_%28Grace%29.JPG/220px-Turku_Hafen_Silja_%28Baltic_Princess%29_Viking_%28Grace%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Turku_Hafen_Silja_%28Baltic_Princess%29_Viking_%28Grace%29.JPG/330px-Turku_Hafen_Silja_%28Baltic_Princess%29_Viking_%28Grace%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Turku_Hafen_Silja_%28Baltic_Princess%29_Viking_%28Grace%29.JPG/440px-Turku_Hafen_Silja_%28Baltic_Princess%29_Viking_%28Grace%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4604" data-file-height="3069" /></a><figcaption>Ferries des compagnies <a href="/wiki/Silja_Line" title="Silja Line">Silja Line</a> et <a href="/wiki/Viking_Line" title="Viking Line">Viking Line</a> à quai dans le port de Turku.</figcaption></figure> <p>Porte d'entrée de l'<a href="/wiki/Archipel_finlandais" title="Archipel finlandais">archipel finlandais</a>, la région de Turku possède deux ports significatifs : le <a href="/wiki/Port_de_Turku" title="Port de Turku">port de Turku</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Port_de_Naantali" title="Port de Naantali">Port de Naantali</a>. À eux deux ils forment le port de <a href="/wiki/Navire_de_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Navire de charge">cargo</a> le plus important de Finlande. Après le port d'Helsinki, le port de Turku est, à côté de celui de <a href="/wiki/Kotka" title="Kotka">Kotka</a>, le deuxième port de Finlande mais il est beaucoup plus important que Kotka pour le trafic de voyageurs<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le port de Turku est relié à la <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a> et à l'archipel d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> par des liaisons régulières assurées par les compagnies <a href="/wiki/Silja_Line" title="Silja Line">Silja Line</a> et <a href="/wiki/Viking_Line" title="Viking Line">Viking Line</a> qui opèrent sur des traversées à destination de <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a> à raison de deux rotations par jour, l'une partant le matin et l'autre le soir. </p><p>Le transport maritime vers <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a> est saisonnier. Le transport vers Tallinn a débuté en <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_routier">Transport routier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifier la section : Transport routier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=27" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport routier"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Transports_en_bus_de_la_r%C3%A9gion_de_Turku" title="Transports en bus de la région de Turku">Transports en bus de la région de Turku</a>.</div></div> <p>Les axes principaux sont les <a href="/wiki/Valtatie_1" title="Valtatie 1">nationales 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valtatie_8" title="Valtatie 8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valtatie_9" title="Valtatie 9">9</a> et <a href="/wiki/Valtatie_10" title="Valtatie 10">10</a> ainsi que la <a href="/wiki/Kantatie_40" title="Kantatie 40">kantatie 40</a> qui encercle Turku. L'autoroute <a href="/wiki/Valtatie_8" title="Valtatie 8">valtatie 8</a> menant de Turku à <a href="/wiki/Raisio" title="Raisio">Raisio</a> a été construite en <a href="/wiki/1963" title="1963">1963</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>73<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Naantali" title="Naantali">Naantali</a> est reliée à Turku par la <a href="/wiki/Voie_rapide_de_Naantali" title="Voie rapide de Naantali">voie rapide de Naantali</a>. Les autres voies autoroutières sont la <a href="/wiki/Valtatie_1" title="Valtatie 1">nationale 1</a> de Turku à <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Valtatie_9" title="Valtatie 9">nationale 9</a> de Turku à <a href="/wiki/Aura_(commune_de_Finlande)" title="Aura (commune de Finlande)">Aura</a>. </p><p>Turku est aussi traversé par les <a href="/wiki/Seututie" class="mw-redirect" title="Seututie">routes régionales</a> <a href="/wiki/Seututie_222" title="Seututie 222">222</a> (Turku-<a href="/wiki/Aura_(commune_de_Finlande)" title="Aura (commune de Finlande)">Aura</a>), <a href="/wiki/Seututie_110" title="Seututie 110">110</a> (<a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>-Turku) et <a href="/wiki/Seututie_204" title="Seututie 204">204</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lieto" title="Lieto">Lieto</a>-<a href="/wiki/Eura" title="Eura">Eura</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_ferroviaire">Transport ferroviaire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifier la section : Transport ferroviaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=28" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport ferroviaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1876, la <a href="/wiki/Gare_principale_de_Turku" title="Gare principale de Turku">gare principale de Turku</a> devient le terminus de la ligne <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4meenlinna" title="Hämeenlinna">Hämeenlinna</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>–Turku. Sa construction n'a pu débuter qu'en 1874 après plus de dix années de désaccord sur le cheminement de la voie et à cause de problème de financement. La <a href="/wiki/Voie_ferr%C3%A9e_c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Voie ferrée côtière">voie côtière</a> atteint <a href="/wiki/Karis" title="Karis">Karis</a> en <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a> et <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> en <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a><sup id="cite_ref-jutikkala_1957_s213-248_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jutikkala_1957_s213-248-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>, la ligne Turku-<a href="/wiki/Uusikaupunki" title="Uusikaupunki">Uusikaupunki</a> est terminée, le transport de voyageurs s'y terminera en <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>, les premiers <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a> de Finlande commence à circuler entre Turku et <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>. Turku est la seule ville de Finlande ayant trois gares de trains à longue distance : la <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Turku-Port" title="Gare de Turku-Port">gare de Turku-Port</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Gare_principale_de_Turku" title="Gare principale de Turku">gare principale de Turku</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Kupittaa" title="Gare de Kupittaa">gare de Kupittaa</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>75<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_aérien"><span id="Transport_a.C3.A9rien"></span>Transport aérien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifier la section : Transport aérien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=29" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Transport aérien"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_de_Turku" title="Aéroport de Turku">aéroport de Turku</a>, ouvert en <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>, est situé à 8 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> au nord du centre-ville. En 2012, il a accueilli 454 948 voyageurs<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>76<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'aéroport a des vols à destination d'<a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kittil%C3%A4" title="Kittilä">Kittilä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhague" title="Copenhague">Copenhague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruxelles" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelone" title="Barcelone">Barcelone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaga" title="Malaga">Malaga</a>... </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=30" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Turku?uselang=fr">Turku</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=31" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-width:15em;margin:.3em 0;" class="colonnes"><div style="margin:-.3em 0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanssi_(centre_commercial)" title="Skanssi (centre commercial)">Skanssi</a></li> <li>L’île d’<a href="/wiki/Hirvensalo" title="Hirvensalo">Hirvensalo</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>77<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posankka" title="Posankka">Posankka</a>, statue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_su%C3%A9dois_de_Turku" title="Théâtre suédois de Turku">Théâtre suédois de Turku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_municipal_de_Turku" title="Théâtre municipal de Turku">Théâtre municipal de Turku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_sportif_de_Kupittaa" title="Hall sportif de Kupittaa">Hall sportif de Kupittaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_de_musique_de_Turku" title="Festival de musique de Turku">Festival de musique de Turku</a></li> <li>Le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_d%27%C3%85bo" title="Traité d'Åbo">traité d’Åbo</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>78<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=32" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="wd_p856"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : finnois, suédois et anglais">(fi + sv + en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turku.fi">Site officiel</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511?uselang=fr#P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></cite></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T086630"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Grove Art Online</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la musique<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ad48b592-adeb-4823-af7a-6648404d7382"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Turku"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/turku"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Turku/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Turku.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0067968.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=62789"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3990133"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/turku"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/49445"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/%C3%85bo"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/turku/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-170045-Aabo"><i>Uppslagsverket Finland</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/turku"><i>Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38511?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/244543122">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406481810">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946371g">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11946371g">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027418065">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80035811">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4061256-9">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564333605171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/494_58550">Vatican</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge243745">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-035811">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : finnois et anglais">(fi + en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utu.fi/">Université de Turku</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : suédois, anglais et finnois">(sv + en + fi)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abo.fi/">Åbo Akademi, université suédophone d’Åbo</a></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Joutsi2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Svala_&_Joutsi2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> Svala & Joutsi, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jukkajoutsi.com/turku.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turku (sivu #1)</cite></a> », <time>2009</time></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turku&action=edit&section=33" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r222998893">@media screen{body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:30em;overflow:auto;padding:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-top:0.3em}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre .references-small{margin-top:0}}@media screen and (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:auto;padding:0;border:0 none}}</style><div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tilastokeskus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Tilastokeskus_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Tilastokeskus_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2017"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://187637http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vamuu/001_vamuu_tau_107.px/?rxid=82ce39f0-3202-4b33-bfcd-3ece427997ad"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web-tietokannat</cite></a> », Tilastokeskus, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05-31" data-sort-value="2017-05-31">31 mai 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-09-21" data-sort-value="2017-09-21">21 septembre 2017</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/sites/default/files/pinta-alat_2011_kunnannimenmukaan.xls"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Superficie par municipalité au 1er janvier 2011</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Maanmittauslaitos" title="Maanmittauslaitos">Maanmittauslaitos</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-12-29" data-sort-value="2012-12-29">29 décembre 2012</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1998">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Turku"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Turku</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Encyclopedia Britannica</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1998-07-20" data-sort-value="1998-07-20">20 juillet 1998</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-02-10" data-sort-value="2024-02-10">10 février 2024</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turunsanomat.fi/ajassa/?ts=1,3:1007:0:0,4:7:0:1:2001-09-27,104:7:82472,1:0:0:0:0:0:"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Pyhän Annan kappeli siunattiin käyttöön</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2001-09-27" data-sort-value="2001-09-27">27 septembre 2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-01" data-sort-value="2013-10-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oikeus.fi/13531.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun hovioikeuden historia</cite></a> », Oikeusministeriö <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-11" data-sort-value="2013-10-11">11 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turku.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentId=4361"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Kreivin aikaan</cite></a> », Turun maakuntamuseo <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-11" data-sort-value="2013-10-11">11 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Kankaanpää2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Matti_J._Kankaanpää2001">Matti J. Kankaanpää, <cite class="italique">Suuri Pohjansota, Iso Viha ja Suomalaiset</cite>, Virrat: T:mi Toiset aijat, <time>2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/952-91-3934-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/952-91-3934-9"><span class="nowrap">952-91-3934-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suuri+Pohjansota%2C+Iso+Viha+ja+Suomalaiset&rft.pub=Virrat%3A+T%3Ami+Toiset+aijat&rft.aulast=Kankaanp%C3%A4%C3%A4&rft.aufirst=Matti+J.&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATurku"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www05.turku.fi/turkuinfo/historia/hist_silmays.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Silmäys Turun historiaan</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415065558/http://www05.turku.fi/turkuinfo/historia/hist_silmays.html">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-04-15" data-sort-value="2012-04-15">15 avril 2012</time></a>]</small></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-11" data-sort-value="2013-10-11">11 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www05.turku.fi/turkuinfo/historia/hist_silmays.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turku Suomen pääkaupunkina</cite></a> », Ville de Turku, <time>2005</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-11" data-sort-value="2013-10-11">11 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Carl+Erik+Mannerheim+oli++Suomen+ensimm%C3%A4inen+p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri/HS20080127SI3KA03iis"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Carl Erik Mannerheim oli Suomen ensimmäinen pääministeri</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Helsingin_Sanomat" title="Helsingin Sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-01-27" data-sort-value="2008-01-27">27 janvier 2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-11" data-sort-value="2013-10-11">11 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2023">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kansallismuseo.fi/en/digitaalinen-kokoelma/tutkijan-valinta/muistoja-turun-palosta"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Memories of the Great Fire of Turku</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">The National Museum of Finland</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-12-12" data-sort-value="2023-12-12">12 décembre 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-02-10" data-sort-value="2024-02-10">10 février 2024</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Salmi2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hannu_Salmi2017">Hannu <span class="nom_auteur">Salmi</span>, <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316000979_Catastrophe_Emotions_and_Guilt_-_The_Great_Fire_of_Turku_1827"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Catastrophe, Emotions and Guilt – The Great Fire of Turku 1827</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210225525/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316000979_Catastrophe_Emotions_and_Guilt_-_The_Great_Fire_of_Turku_1827">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-02-10" data-sort-value="2024-02-10">10 février 2024</time></a>]</small></span>, sur <span class="italique">ResearchGate</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-01-01" data-sort-value="2017-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-02-10" data-sort-value="2024-02-10">10 février 2024</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotus.fi/verkkojulkaisut/julk125/turku/turku_kartta_1827.shtml"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Le plan de Turku avant l’incendie (1808)</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotus.fi/verkkojulkaisut/julk125/turku/turku_kartta_1897.shtml"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Le plan de Turku après l’incendie (1897)</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turunsanomat.fi/sunnuntai/?ts=1,3:1012:0:0,4:12:0:1:2002-09-01,104:12:120190,1:0:0:0:0:0:"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Kun Turku hukkui liekkeihin</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-09-01" data-sort-value="2002-09-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> septembre 2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-11" data-sort-value="2013-10-11">11 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=73&t=357&a=4891"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turussa vuonna 1948, filmikatsaus vuodelta 1948</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-12" data-sort-value="2013-10-12">12 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=4&t=27"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Puna-armeija Porkkalassa</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-12" data-sort-value="2013-10-12">12 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turuntauti-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-turuntauti_20-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-turuntauti_20-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sommar2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Heidi_Sommar2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> Heidi Sommar, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yle.fi/elavaarkisto/artikkelit/turun_tauti_koitui_monien_rakennusten_kohtaloksi_77225.html#media=77253"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun tauti koitui monien rakennusten kohtaloksi</cite></a> », YLE, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-01-10" data-sort-value="2012-01-10">10 janvier 2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-26" data-sort-value="2013-09-26">26 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.fi/til/atind/2006/atind_2006_2008-03-19_tau_001.xls"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Aluetalouden indikaattorit 2000–2006</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Tilastokeskus" title="Tilastokeskus">Tilastokeskus</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-19" data-sort-value="2008-03-19">19 mars 2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turku.fi/public/download.aspx?ID=30689&GUID={CB4BE0F3-CA58-4D6C-8EFF-260EC8178CCF}"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun kaupungin osaamis- ja elinkeinostrategia 2006–2009</cite></a> », Ville de Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oske.net/osaamiskeskukset/varsinais-suomi/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Varsinais-Suomi</cite></a> », Osaamiskeskusohjelma OSKE <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ts.fi/online/mielipiteet/paakirjoitus/167067.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Pörssi ei kiinnosta</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-10-17" data-sort-value="2010-10-17">17 octobre 2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talouselama.fi/te500/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Talouselämä 500</cite></a> », Talouselämä <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turku.fi/Public/download.aspx?ID=160386&GUID={C5922195-2AAA-43D6-A648-5C3B71ADF88A}"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Työpaikat toimialan mukaan Turussa 2008-2010</cite></a> », Ville de Turku, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-22" data-sort-value="2013-09-22">22 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finder.suurimmat.2020-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-finder.suurimmat.2020_27-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finder.fi/kunta/Naantali"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Naantali, Suurimmat</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">finder.fi</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-03-13" data-sort-value="2020-03-13">13 mars 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=6765&site=3&id=0"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><i><span class="lang-fi" lang="fi">Väestötietojärjestelmä Rekisteritilanne 31.08.2012</span></i></cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4est%C3%B6rekisterikeskus" title="Väestörekisterikeskus">Centre finlandais du registre de la population</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-12-27" data-sort-value="2012-12-27">27 décembre 2012</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vrk_2014-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vrk_2014_29-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=8698&site=3&id=0">VÄESTÖTIETOJÄRJESTELMÄ REKISTERITILANNE 31.12.2014</a> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150118222407/http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=8698&site=3&id=0">Copie archivée</a> »</span> <small>(version du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-01-18" data-sort-value="2015-01-18">18 janvier 2015</time> sur <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Väestörekisterikeskus-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Väestörekisterikeskus_30-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=8784&site=3&id=0"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Suomen asukasluvut kuukausittain – Kunnittain aakkosjärjestyksessä</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412154527/http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=8784&site=3&id=0">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-04-12" data-sort-value="2015-04-12">12 avril 2015</time></a>]</small></span>, Väestörekisterikeskus, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-02-28" data-sort-value="2015-02-28">28 février 2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-04-27" data-sort-value="2015-04-27">27 avril 2015</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HS_tulos-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HS_tulos_31-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaalikone.fi/kunta2012/tulos/03/853/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Kunnan suurimmat puolueet</cite></a> », <a href="/wiki/Helsingin_Sanomat" title="Helsingin Sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-23" data-sort-value="2013-09-23">23 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkkihiippakunta.fi/arkkipiispa/arkkipiispan-virka/arkkipiispan-tehtava2/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Arkkipiispan tehtävä</cite></a> », Turun arkkihiippakunta <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turunseurakunnat.fi/portal/fi/seurakunnat/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Seurakunnat</cite></a> », Turun ja Kaarinan seurakuntayhtymä <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://birgitta.catholic.fi/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Pyhän Birgitan ja Autuaan Hemmingin seurakunta</cite></a> », Pyhän Birgitan ja Autuaan Hemmingin seurakunta <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ort.fi/turku"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun ortodoksinen seurakunta</cite></a> », Suomen ortodoksinen kirkko <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Monast%C3%A8re_de_Li%C3%AAn_T%C3%A2m" title="Monastère de Liên Tâm">Monastère de Liên Tâm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uskonnot.fi/yhteisot/view?orgId=452"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun juutalainen seurakunta</cite></a> », Uskonnot Suomessa <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uskonnot.fi/yhteisot/view?orgId=27"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Suomen vietnamilaisten buddhalaisten yhdyskunta</cite></a> », Uskonnot Suomessa <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uskonnot.fi/yhteisot/view?orgId=1058"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun Islamilainen Yhdyskunta</cite></a> », Uskonnot Suomessa <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turku.fi/palvelut/perusopetus"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Perusopetus</cite></a> », ville de Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-08-04" data-sort-value="2019-08-04">4 août 2019</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turku.fi/paivahoito-ja-koulutus/lukiokoulutus/turun-lukiot-ja-erityislinjat"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun lukiot ja erityislinjat</cite></a> », Ville de Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-08-04" data-sort-value="2019-08-04">4 août 2019</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turku.fi/palvelut/perusopetus"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Perusopetus</cite></a> », Ville de Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-08-04" data-sort-value="2019-08-04">4 août 2019</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fusion-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fusion_43-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-fusion_43-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">L'école de commerce de Turku est intégrée dans l'Université de Turku depuis 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">L'école polytechnique suédophone de Turku (Yrkeshögskolan Sydväst) est absorbée en 2008 par l'université des sciences appliquées Novia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkuamk.fi/public/download.aspx?ID=92455&GUID={5F7986F9-E98B-4CF4-8885-53AC23B5375F}"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Ammattikorkeakoulut 2002–2008</cite></a> », Ville de Turku, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-11-04" data-sort-value="2009-11-04">4 novembre 2009</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkuamk.fi/public/download.aspx?ID=88704&GUID={41CA72BF-9BF2-4214-99F3-AB2D12425B58}"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Yliopistot 2002–2008</cite></a> », Ville de Turku, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-11-04" data-sort-value="2009-11-04">4 novembre 2009</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utu_2012-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-utu_2012_47-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utu.fi/fi/Yliopisto/avaintiedot/opiskelutilastot/opiskelijat/Sivut/home.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun yliopiston opiskelijamäärät</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abo-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-abo_48-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abo.fi/public/om_aa"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Académie d'Åbo</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turkuamk-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-turkuamk_49-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkuamk.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=7569&culture=fi-FI&contentlan=1"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun ammattikorkeakoulu</cite></a> », Université des sciences appliquées de Turku, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-03" data-sort-value="2013-09-03">3 septembre 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novia-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-novia_50-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novia.fi/about-novia/campuses-educational-units/campus-abo-in-turku/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Campus Åbo in Turku</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-24" data-sort-value="2013-09-24">24 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yk-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-yk_51-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turku.fi/turku-tieto/turun-ystavyyskaupungit"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun ystävyyskaupungit</cite></a> », Ville de Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-10-12" data-sort-value="2020-10-12">12 octobre 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-7">h</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48f2fd3222f8032418246f8f2975d1640f2a57c_52-8">i</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turku.fi/turku-tieto/turun-ystavyyskaupungit"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-fi" lang="fi">Turun ystävyyskaupungit</span></cite></a> », Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-10-13" data-sort-value="2020-10-13">13 octobre 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-c48a34e0404bd4cd7f1931f48640952168696fab-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c48a34e0404bd4cd7f1931f48640952168696fab_53-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zastupitelstvo.bratislava.sk/data/att/11916.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">https://zastupitelstvo.bratislava.sk/data/att/11916.pdf</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-de9cd818639d242acb9d330e576a3f9254e37c32-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-de9cd818639d242acb9d330e576a3f9254e37c32_54-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.fi.it/pagina/firenze-internazionale/gemellaggi-e-patti-di-amicizia"><cite style="font-style:normal;">https://www.comune.fi.it/pagina/firenze-internazionale/gemellaggi-e-patti-di-amicizia</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-a54e58bc1a2e817690133691cbb8fd572c58c719-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-a54e58bc1a2e817690133691cbb8fd572c58c719_55-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gdansk.pl/urzad-miejski/biuro-prezydenta/turku-finlandia,a,1671"><cite style="font-style:normal;">https://www.gdansk.pl/urzad-miejski/biuro-prezydenta/turku-finlandia,a,1671</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-2909cafc6f9c15863c5a45af2bf26698ccfda37c-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-2909cafc6f9c15863c5a45af2bf26698ccfda37c_56-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goteborg.se/wps/portal/invanare/kommun-o-politik/internationellt-samarbete/nordiskt-samarbete/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8ziQw0NAi2cDB0NDEJ9nQw8_czDnDyd_Q09Q8z1wwkpiAJKG-AAjgb6BbmhigCASA6r/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">http://goteborg.se/wps/portal/invanare/kommun-o-politik/internationellt-samarbete/nordiskt-samarbete/!ut/p/z1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8ziQw0NAi2cDB0NDEJ9nQw8_czDnDyd_Q09Q8z1wwkpiAJKG-AAjgb6BbmhigCASA6r/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-b6f8600b0838a77a59978309e507ea5fd02eac73-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-b6f8600b0838a77a59978309e507ea5fd02eac73_57-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turku.fi/turku-tieto/turun-ystavyyskaupungit"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-fi" lang="fi">Turun ystävyyskaupungit</span></cite></a> », Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-01-02" data-sort-value="2024-01-02">2 janvier 2024</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-93d2a5add6ed3ddb5f61aafc536a3026c7049a9f-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-93d2a5add6ed3ddb5f61aafc536a3026c7049a9f_58-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rathaus.rostock.de/de/turku_finnland/278708"><cite style="font-style:normal;">https://rathaus.rostock.de/de/turku_finnland/278708</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-93f7e50a5fec3e25c00feafd2d277a91c4f06f44-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-93f7e50a5fec3e25c00feafd2d277a91c4f06f44_59-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.szegedvaros.hu/aranyoldalak/turku-finnorszag/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">https://www.szegedvaros.hu/aranyoldalak/turku-finnorszag/</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-28ca715d2e1a47c5c048f508736750900e9a80b2-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-28ca715d2e1a47c5c048f508736750900e9a80b2_60-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://szegedtourism.hu/hu/turku-finnorszag/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">http://szegedtourism.hu/hu/turku-finnorszag/</cite></a> »</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ringette.fi/fi/Ringetteliitto/Historia.html">http://www.ringette.fi/fi/Ringetteliitto/Historia.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wcc2011.fi/en/Index.html">WCC 2011 Turku</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11014920"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Helena Sirén Gualinga, 17, taistelee ilmastonmuutosta vastaan Greta Thunbergin taustalla: "Tämä ei ollut valinta, synnyin tämän keskelle"</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106130041/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11014920">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-11-06" data-sort-value="2019-11-06">6 novembre 2019</time></a>]</small></span>, <span class="italique">Yle Uutiset</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-11" data-sort-value="2019-10-11">11 octobre 2019</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-12-12" data-sort-value="2019-12-12">12 décembre 2019</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turunsanomat.fi/treffi/?ts=1,3:1013:0:0,4:13:0:1:2002-07-17,104:13:114569,1:0:0:0:0:0:"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Sen seitsemän kukkulaa</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-07-17" data-sort-value="2002-07-17">17 juillet 2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-12" data-sort-value="2013-10-12">12 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2002">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turunsanomat.fi/treffi/?ts=1,3:1013:0:0,4:13:0:1:2002-07-17,104:13:114569,1:0:0:0:0:0:"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Sen seitsemän kukkulaa</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2002-07-17" data-sort-value="2002-07-17">17 juillet 2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-12" data-sort-value="2013-10-12">12 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paikka-maa.utu.fi/kartta/kyo/kohteet_htm/1712.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Kulttuuriympäristöohjelman arvokkaat kohteet: Kuhankuonon rajakivi</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-12" data-sort-value="2013-10-12">12 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oppisopimus.turku.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=56983"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun luonnonsuojelualueet</cite></a> », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-04-11" data-sort-value="2007-04-11">11 avril 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-12" data-sort-value="2013-10-12">12 octobre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ts.fi/kulttuuri/1074155517"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turun helmet</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-10-22" data-sort-value="2006-10-22">22 octobre 2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-25" data-sort-value="2013-09-25">25 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Virmavirta2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jarmo_Virmavirta2004">Jarmo Virmavirta, <cite class="italique">Suomen Turku</cite>, Helsinki, <a href="/wiki/Otavamedia" title="Otavamedia">Otava</a>, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/951-1-18464-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/951-1-18464-4"><span class="nowrap">951-1-18464-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suomen+Turku&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Otava&rft.aulast=Virmavirta&rft.aufirst=Jarmo&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATurku"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Lahtinen2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rauno_Lahtinen2009">Rauno Lahtinen, <cite class="italique">Turun puretut talot</cite>, k&h, kulttuurihistoria, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Turku" title="Université de Turku">université de Turku</a>, <time>2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-951-29-4100-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-951-29-4100-1"><span class="nowrap">978-951-29-4100-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turun+puretut+talot&rft.pub=universit%C3%A9+de+Turku&rft.aulast=Lahtinen&rft.aufirst=Rauno&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATurku"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yli-Parkas2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hannele_Yli-Parkas2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> Hannele Yli-Parkas, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ts.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/1074242421/Tikasauto+tavoittaa+Turun+ylimmankin+parvekkeen"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Tikasauto tavoittaa Turun ylimmänkin parvekkeen</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-11-24" data-sort-value="2007-11-24">24 novembre 2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-26" data-sort-value="2013-09-26">26 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turku.fi/Public/download.aspx?ID=150547&GUID={2A2FC5B0-B422-4C17-8180-4225A2023BE7}"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Museot ja nähtävyyskohteet 2005–2011</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202114844/http://www.turku.fi/Public/download.aspx?ID=150547&GUID=%7B2A2FC5B0-B422-4C17-8180-4225A2023BE7%7D">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-02-02" data-sort-value="2014-02-02">2 février 2014</time></a>]</small></span>, Ville de Turku, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-21" data-sort-value="2013-09-21">21 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portofturku.fi/portal/fi/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Port of Turku</cite></a> », Port de Turku <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-26" data-sort-value="2013-09-26">26 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ts.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/1074144196/Turkulaiset+haluavat+laivalla+Turusta+Tallinnaan"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Turkulaiset haluavat laivalla Turusta Tallinnaan</cite></a> », Turun Sanomat, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-09-02" data-sort-value="2006-09-02">2 septembre 2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-26" data-sort-value="2013-09-26">26 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Grönroos"><span class="ouvrage" id="Matti_Grönroos"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> Matti Grönroos, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mattigronroos.fi/~kf7797/Tiet/Vt8.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">Valtatie 8</cite></a> », Matti Grönroos <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-26" data-sort-value="2013-09-26">26 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jutikkala_1957_s213-248-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jutikkala_1957_s213-248_76-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Jutikkala1957"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eino_Jutikkala1957">Eino Jutikkala, <cite class="italique">Turun kaupungin historia 1856–1917, p. 213–248</cite>, Turku, <a href="/wiki/Turun_Sanomat" title="Turun Sanomat">Turun Sanomat</a> et Kirjapaino OY, <time>1957</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turun+kaupungin+historia+1856%E2%80%931917%2C+p.+213%E2%80%93248&rft.place=Turku&rft.pub=Turun+Sanomat&rft.aulast=Jutikkala&rft.aufirst=Eino&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATurku"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turku.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=7573"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="fi">7.13. Rautatieliikenne Turussa 2008-2012</cite></a> », Ville de Turku, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-08-06" data-sort-value="2013-08-06">6 août 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-09-26" data-sort-value="2013-09-26">26 septembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.finavia.fi/files/kronodoc/2284/212999/Matkustajat%20lentoasemittain%20suo-fi.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MATKUSTAJAT 2012</cite></a> », Finavia, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-11-14" data-sort-value="2013-11-14">14 novembre 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">dépend administrativement de Turku.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">également appelé traité de Turku, fut signé entre la Russie impériale et la Suède à Turku le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1743-08-07" data-sort-value="1743-08-07">7 août 1743</time> mettant fin à la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_russo-su%C3%A9doise_de_1741-1743" title="Guerre russo-suédoise de 1741-1743">guerre russo-suédoise de 1741–1743</a>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Kivikoski,_C.J._Gardberg1971"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ella_Kivikoski,_C.J._Gardberg1971">Ella Kivikoski, C.J. Gardberg, <cite class="italique">Turun kaupungin historia kivikaudesta vuoteen 1366</cite>, Turku, <time>1971</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turun+kaupungin+historia+kivikaudesta+vuoteen+1366&rft.place=Turku&rft.au=Ella+Kivikoski%2C+C.J.+Gardberg&rft.date=1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATurku"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Gardberg, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">115–324</span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : finnois">(fi)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Kuparinen_(ed.)1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eero_Kuparinen_(ed.)1984">Eero Kuparinen (ed.), <cite class="italique">Turun seitsemän vuosisataa</cite>, Turku, Turun historiallinen yhdistys, <time>1984</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turun+seitsem%C3%A4n+vuosisataa&rft.place=Turku&rft.pub=Turun+historiallinen+yhdistys&rft.au=Eero+Kuparinen+%28ed.%29&rft.date=1984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATurku"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="RinneFagerlund"><span class="ouvrage" id="Toivo_T._RinneRainer_Fagerlund">Toivo T. Rinne et Rainer Fagerlund, <cite class="italique">Chapitre : Turku uuden ajan alussa p. 79–110</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapitre&rft.stitle=Turku+uuden+ajan+alussa+p.+79%E2%80%93110&rft.aulast=Rinne&rft.aufirst=Toivo+T.&rft.au=Rainer+Fagerlund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATurku"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Municipalit%C3%A9s_de_Finlande_propre" title="Modèle:Palette Municipalités de Finlande propre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Municipalit%C3%A9s_de_Finlande_propre&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9s_de_Finlande_propre" title="Municipalités de Finlande propre">Municipalités de Finlande propre</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Municipalités</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sous-r%C3%A9gion_de_Loimaa" title="Sous-région de Loimaa">Loimaa</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(commune_de_Finlande)" title="Aura (commune de Finlande)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koski_Tl" title="Koski Tl">Koski Tl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loimaa" title="Loimaa">Loimaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marttila_(Finlande)" title="Marttila (Finlande)">Marttila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orip%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Oripää">Oripää</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B6yty%C3%A4" title="Pöytyä">Pöytyä</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sous-r%C3%A9gion_de_Salo" title="Sous-région de Salo">Salo</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salo_(Finlande)" title="Salo (Finlande)">Salo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somero" title="Somero">Somero</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sous-r%C3%A9gion_de_Turku" title="Sous-région de Turku">Turku</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaarina_(Finlande)" title="Kaarina (Finlande)">Kaarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieto" title="Lieto">Lieto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masku" title="Masku">Masku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myn%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki" title="Mynämäki">Mynämäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naantali" title="Naantali">Naantali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nousiainen_(Finlande)" title="Nousiainen (Finlande)">Nousiainen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paimio" title="Paimio">Paimio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raisio" title="Raisio">Raisio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvo" title="Sauvo">Sauvo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turku</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sous-r%C3%A9gion_de_Vakka-Suomi" title="Sous-région de Vakka-Suomi">Vakka-Suomi</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kustavi" title="Kustavi">Kustavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laitila" title="Laitila">Laitila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyh%C3%A4ranta" title="Pyhäranta">Pyhäranta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taivassalo" title="Taivassalo">Taivassalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uusikaupunki" title="Uusikaupunki">Uusikaupunki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehmaa" title="Vehmaa">Vehmaa</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Sous-r%C3%A9gion_d%27%C3%85boland" title="Sous-région d'Åboland">Åboland</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimito%C3%B6n" title="Kimitoön">Kimitoön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargas" title="Pargas">Pargas</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Anciennes municipalités</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alastaro" title="Alastaro">Alastaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelniemi" title="Angelniemi">Angelniemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askainen" title="Askainen">Askainen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragsfj%C3%A4rd" title="Dragsfjärd">Dragsfjärd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halikko" title="Halikko">Halikko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiittinen" title="Hiittinen">Hiittinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtsk%C3%A4r" title="Houtskär">Houtskär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini%C3%B6" title="Iniö">Iniö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakskerta" title="Kakskerta">Kakskerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalanti" title="Kalanti">Kalanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karinainen" title="Karinainen">Karinainen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karjala_(Finlande)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karjala (Finlande) (page inexistante)">Karjala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuna_(Finlande)" title="Karuna (Finlande)">Karuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimito" title="Kimito">Kimito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiikala" title="Kiikala">Kiikala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisko" title="Kisko">Kisko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korpo" title="Korpo">Korpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuusisto_(%C3%AEle)" title="Kuusisto (île)">Kuusisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuusjoki" title="Kuusjoki">Kuusjoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemu" title="Lemu">Lemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune_de_Loimaa" title="Commune de Loimaa">Commune de Loimaa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokalahti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokalahti (page inexistante)">Lokalahti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maaria (page inexistante)">Maaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellil%C3%A4" title="Mellilä">Mellilä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merimasku" title="Merimasku">Merimasku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mets%C3%A4maa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metsämaa (page inexistante)">Metsämaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mietoinen" title="Mietoinen">Mietoinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muurla" title="Muurla">Muurla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune_rurale_de_Naantali" title="Commune rurale de Naantali">Naantali mlk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagu" title="Nagu">Nagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paattinen" title="Paattinen">Paattinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargas_(ancienne_municipalit%C3%A9)" title="Pargas (ancienne municipalité)">Pargas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune_rurale_de_Pargas" title="Commune rurale de Pargas">Pargas mlk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perni%C3%B6" title="Perniö">Perniö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertteli" title="Pertteli">Pertteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piikki%C3%B6" title="Piikkiö">Piikkiö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyh%C3%A4maa" title="Pyhämaa">Pyhämaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rym%C3%A4ttyl%C3%A4" title="Rymättylä">Rymättylä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4rkisalo" title="Särkisalo">Särkisalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerniemi" title="Somerniemi">Somerniemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suomusj%C3%A4rvi" title="Suomusjärvi">Suomusjärvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarvasjoki" title="Tarvasjoki">Tarvasjoki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uskela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uskela (page inexistante)">Uskela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune_rurale_d%27Uusikaupunki" title="Commune rurale d'Uusikaupunki">Uusikaupunki mlk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahto" title="Vahto">Vahto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stanfj%C3%A4rd" title="Västanfjärd">Västanfjärd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velkua" title="Velkua">Velkua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yl%C3%A4ne" title="Yläne">Yläne</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Capitale_europ%C3%A9enne_de_la_culture" title="Modèle:Palette Capitale européenne de la culture"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Capitale_europ%C3%A9enne_de_la_culture&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Capitale_europ%C3%A9enne_de_la_culture" title="Capitale européenne de la culture">Capitale européenne de la culture</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>-<a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Grèce"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ath%C3%A8nes" title="Athènes">Athènes</a> (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Italie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Pays-Bas"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (1987)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Allemagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Ouest" title="Berlin-Ouest">Berlin-Ouest</a> (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>-<a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Royaume-Uni"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Irlande"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Espagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Belgique"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anvers" title="Anvers">Anvers</a> (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Portugal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lisbonne" title="Lisbonne">Lisbonne</a> (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Luxembourg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(ville)" title="Luxembourg (ville)">Luxembourg</a> (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Danemark"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Copenhague" title="Copenhague">Copenhague</a> (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Grèce"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thessalonique" title="Thessalonique">Thessalonique</a> (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Suède"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Allemagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>-<a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Norvège"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bergen_(Norv%C3%A8ge)" title="Bergen (Norvège)">Bergen</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Italie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bologne" title="Bologne">Bologne</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Belgique"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ville_de_Bruxelles" title="Ville de Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Finlande"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Pologne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cracovie" title="Cracovie">Cracovie</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Tchéquie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Islande"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Espagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle" title="Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle">St-Jacques-de-Compostelle</a> (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Portugal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Pays-Bas"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Espagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salamanque" title="Salamanque">Salamanque</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Belgique"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Autriche"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a> (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lille_2004" title="Lille 2004">Lille</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Italie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAnes" title="Gênes">Gênes</a> (2004)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Irlande"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a> (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Grèce"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a> (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Luxembourg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(ville)" title="Luxembourg (ville)">Luxembourg</a> et <a href="/wiki/Grande_R%C3%A9gion" title="Grande Région">Grande Région</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Roumanie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Royaume-Uni"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Norvège"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a> et <a href="/wiki/Sandnes" title="Sandnes">Sandnes</a> (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Lituanie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Autriche"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>-<a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Hongrie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Allemagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_2010" title="Ruhr 2010">Essen</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Turquie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> (2010)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Estonie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Finlande"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turku</a> (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Portugal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Slovénie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> (2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marseille-Provence_2013" title="Marseille-Provence 2013">Marseille</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Slovaquie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a> (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Lettonie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Suède"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a> (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Belgique"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mons_2015" title="Mons 2015">Mons</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Tchéquie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pilsen" title="Pilsen">Pilsen</a> (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Pologne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Espagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9bastien_(Espagne)" title="Saint-Sébastien (Espagne)">Saint-Sébastien</a> (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Chypre"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paphos_(ville)" title="Paphos (ville)">Paphos</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Danemark"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> (2017)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Malte"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/La_Valette" title="La Valette">La Valette</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Pays-Bas"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden_(ville)" title="Leeuwarden (ville)">Leeuwarden</a> (2018)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Italie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Bulgarie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>-<a href="/wiki/2029" title="2029">2029</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Croatie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Irlande"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> (2020-2021)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Lituanie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Luxembourg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Serbie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> (2022)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Roumanie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Grèce"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89leusis" title="Éleusis">Éleusis</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Hongrie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a> (2023)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Estonie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Autriche"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a> et <a href="/wiki/Salzkammergut" title="Salzkammergut">Salzkammergut</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Norvège"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8" title="Bodø">Bodø</a> (2024)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Slovénie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Italie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a> et <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></b>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Allemagne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></b> <b>(2025)</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Slovaquie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Finlande"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a> (2026)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Lettonie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Portugal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora" title="Évora">Évora</a> (2027)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Tchéquie"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice" title="České Budějovice">České Budějovice</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Macédoine du Nord"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> (2028)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Pologne"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : Suède"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kiruna" title="Kiruna">Kiruna</a> (2029)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Union européenne">Union européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Commission européenne">Commission européenne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Finlande" title="Portail de la Finlande"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/36px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/54px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/72px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Finlande" title="Portail:Finlande">Portail de la Finlande</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mer_Baltique" title="Portail de la mer Baltique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Locatie_Oostzee.PNG/30px-Locatie_Oostzee.PNG" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Locatie_Oostzee.PNG/45px-Locatie_Oostzee.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Locatie_Oostzee.PNG/60px-Locatie_Oostzee.PNG 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="475" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mer_Baltique" title="Portail:Mer Baltique">Portail de la mer Baltique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turku&oldid=223102483">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turku&oldid=223102483</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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