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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Patent No. 6,469 for<br />"Buoying Vessels Over Shoals"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_Model_of_Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Invention.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Patent_Model_of_Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Invention.jpg/220px-Patent_Model_of_Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Invention.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Patent_Model_of_Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Invention.jpg/330px-Patent_Model_of_Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Invention.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Patent_Model_of_Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Invention.jpg/440px-Patent_Model_of_Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Invention.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2273" data-file-height="965" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Patent Model of Abraham Lincoln's invention at <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inventor</th><td class="infobox-data">Abraham Lincoln</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Filing date</th><td class="infobox-data">March 10, 1849</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Issue date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 22, 1849</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abraham Lincoln's patent</b> relates to an <a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">invention</a> to <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">buoy</a> and lift boats over <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">shoals</a> and obstructions in a river. <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> conceived the invention when on two occasions the boat on which he traveled got hung up on obstructions. Lincoln's device was composed of large <a href="/wiki/Bellows" title="Bellows">bellows</a> attached to the sides of a boat that were expandable due to air chambers. Filed on March 10, 1849, Lincoln's patent was issued as Patent No. 6,469 later that year, on May 22. His successful patent application led to his drafting and delivering two lectures on the subject of patents while he was president. </p><p>Lincoln was at times a <a href="/wiki/Patent_attorney" title="Patent attorney">patent attorney</a> and was familiar with the patent application process as well as patent lawsuit proceedings. Among his notable patent law experiences as a result of his patent was litigation over the mechanical <a href="/wiki/Reaper" title="Reaper">reaper</a>; both he and his future Secretary of War, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a>, provided <a href="/wiki/Counsel" title="Counsel">counsel</a> for <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Manny" title="John Henry Manny">John Henry Manny</a>, an inventor. The original documentation of Lincoln's patent was rediscovered in 1997. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln%27s_U.S._Patent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_U.S._Patent.jpg/310px-Abraham_Lincoln%27s_U.S._Patent.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_U.S._Patent.jpg/465px-Abraham_Lincoln%27s_U.S._Patent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_U.S._Patent.jpg/620px-Abraham_Lincoln%27s_U.S._Patent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Lincoln's United States Patent, tag No. 6,469</figcaption></figure> <p>The invention stemmed from Lincoln's experiences ferrying travelers and carrying freight on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">midwestern</a> rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1860, Lincoln wrote his autobiography and recounted that while in his late teens he took a <a href="/wiki/Flatboat" title="Flatboat">flatboat</a> down the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi Rivers</a> from his home in <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> while employed as a hired hand. The son of the boat owner kept him company and the two went out on this new undertaking without any other helpers.<sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatent_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lincoln made an additional trip a few years later after moving to <a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Illinois" title="Macon County, Illinois">Macon County, Illinois</a>, on another flatboat that went from <a href="/wiki/Beardstown,_Illinois" title="Beardstown, Illinois">Beardstown, Illinois</a>, to New Orleans. John D. Johnston (Lincoln's stepbrother) and <a href="/wiki/John_Hanks" title="John Hanks">John Hanks</a> were hired as additional laborers by <a href="/wiki/Denton_Offutt" title="Denton Offutt">Denton Offutt</a> to take a flatboat of merchandise down the <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_River" title="Sangamon River">Sangamon River</a> to New Orleans. Before Offutt's boat could reach the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a>, it got hung up on a <a href="/wiki/Milldam" title="Milldam">milldam</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Sangamon County, Illinois">Old Sangamon town</a> seven miles northwest of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatent_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln took action, unloading some cargo to right the boat, then drilling a hole in the bow with a large <a href="/wiki/Auger_(drill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auger (drill)">auger</a> borrowed from the local cooperage. After the water drained, he replugged the hole. With local help, he then <a href="/wiki/Portage" title="Portage">portaged</a> the empty boat over the dam, and was able to complete the trip to New Orleans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson20092–3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson20092–3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lincoln started his political career in New Salem. Near the top of his agenda was improvement of <a href="/wiki/Ship_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship transport">navigation</a> on the Sangamon River. Lincoln's law partner and biographer, <a href="/wiki/William_H._Herndon" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Herndon">William H. Herndon</a>, also reports an additional incident in 1848: a boat Lincoln came to from his steamboat was stranded on a <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">shoal</a>. The boat's captain ordered his crew to gather together all the empty barrels, boxes, and loose planks and force these objects under the sides of the steamboat to buoy it over the shallow water. The boat gradually swung clear and was dislodged after much manual exertion.<sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatent_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event, along with the Offutt's boat/milldam incident, prompted Lincoln to start thinking about how to lift vessels over river obstructions and shoals.<sup id="cite_ref-TPS8_16_1945_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPS8_16_1945-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson20095_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson20095-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He eventually came up with an invention to achieve this, which involved flotation bladders.<sup id="cite_ref-TSLT5_18_1890_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSLT5_18_1890-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patent">Patent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Patent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_patent_drawings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lincoln_patent_drawings.jpg/300px-Lincoln_patent_drawings.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lincoln_patent_drawings.jpg/450px-Lincoln_patent_drawings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lincoln_patent_drawings.jpg/600px-Lincoln_patent_drawings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3408" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption>Lincoln's Patent drawings for Patent No. 6,469</figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:2618px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln%27s_patent_bellows.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln's patent showing the expansible buoyancy air chambers, inflatable bellows to lift a boat over obstructions. The bellows are shown in a collapsed state taking up little space and positioned to protect them from harm."><img alt="Detail of bellows on patent model." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Lincoln%27s_patent_bellows.jpg" decoding="async" width="2610" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="162" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln%27s_patent_bellows.jpg" title="File:Lincoln's patent bellows.jpg"> </a></div>Lincoln's patent showing the expansible buoyancy air chambers, inflatable <a href="/wiki/Bellows" title="Bellows">bellows</a> to lift a boat over obstructions. The bellows are shown in a collapsed state taking up little space and positioned to protect them from harm.</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_Office_model_room_1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Patent_Office_model_room_1861.jpg/240px-Patent_Office_model_room_1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Patent_Office_model_room_1861.jpg/360px-Patent_Office_model_room_1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Patent_Office_model_room_1861.jpg/480px-Patent_Office_model_room_1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Patent Office model room in 1861</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print_(3x4_close_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg/75px-Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg/113px-Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1815" data-file-height="2426" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Abraham Lincoln</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_family" title="Lincoln family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Health of Abraham Lincoln">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Religious views of Abraham Lincoln">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Abraham_Lincoln_artifacts_and_relics" title="List of Abraham Lincoln artifacts and relics">Artifacts and relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of photographs of Abraham Lincoln">Photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_in_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Political</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Resolutions" title="Spot Resolutions">Spot Resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_career_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(1849%E2%80%931861)" title="Political career of Abraham Lincoln (1849–1861)">Political career, 1849–1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Douglas debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery" title="Abraham Lincoln and slavery">Views on slavery</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">16th President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidential transition of Abraham Lincoln">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">second</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Tenure</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">The Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_percent_plan" title="Ten percent plan">Ten percent plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Electoral history of Abraham Lincoln">Presidential campaigns</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>1860 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li>1864 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Speeches and works</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>Inaugural speeches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_first_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_second_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address">second</a></li></ul></li> <li>State of the Union <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1861_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1861 State of the Union Address">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1862 State of the Union Address">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1863 State of the Union Address">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1864 State of the Union Address">1864</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Lyceum_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's Lyceum address">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Peoria_speech" title="Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech">Peoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Lost_Speech" title="Lincoln's Lost Speech">Lost Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_House_Divided_Speech" title="Lincoln's House Divided Speech">House Divided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union_speech" title="Cooper Union speech">Cooper Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_farewell_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's farewell address">Farewell address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Address" title="Gettysburg Address">Gettysburg</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Poetry of Abraham Lincoln">Poetry</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Suicide%27s_Soliloquy" title="The Suicide's Soliloquy">The Suicide's Soliloquy</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixby_letter" title="Bixby letter">Bixby letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_Fanny_McCullough" title="Letter to Fanny McCullough">McCullough letter</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">Assassination</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Plot" title="Baltimore Plot">Baltimore Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="State funeral of Abraham Lincoln">State funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tomb" title="Lincoln Tomb">Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_catafalque" title="Lincoln catafalque">Catafalque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_assassination_flags" title="Lincoln assassination flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_hearse" title="Abraham Lincoln's hearse">Hearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Kennedy_coincidences_urban_legend" title="Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend">Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Legacy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln#Historical_reputation" title="Abraham Lincoln">Historical reputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials to Abraham Lincoln">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln">Depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Birthday" title="Lincoln's Birthday">Lincoln's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_ghost" title="Lincoln's ghost">Ghost</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln">Bibliography</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Outline of Abraham Lincoln">Topical guide</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln's signature"><img alt="Abraham Lincoln's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Abraham_Lincoln_1862_signature.svg/150px-Abraham_Lincoln_1862_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Abraham_Lincoln_1862_signature.svg/225px-Abraham_Lincoln_1862_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Abraham_Lincoln_1862_signature.svg/300px-Abraham_Lincoln_1862_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="95" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Abraham_Lincoln_series" title="Template:Abraham Lincoln series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abraham_Lincoln_series" title="Template talk:Abraham Lincoln series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abraham_Lincoln_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abraham Lincoln series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lincoln labeled his invention <i>Buoying Vessels Over Shoals</i> and it was used to get them over shoals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFederal_Writers_Project1937950_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFederal_Writers_Project1937950-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He envisioned a system of waterproof fabric bladders that could be inflated when necessary to help ease a stuck steamboat over such obstacles.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When crew members knew their ship was stuck, or at risk of hitting a shallow, Lincoln's invention could be activated, which would inflate accordion-shaped air chambers along the sides of the watercraft to lift it above the water's surface, providing enough clearance to avoid a disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-SLGD5_18_1890_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLGD5_18_1890-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the research process, Lincoln designed a scale model of a ship outfitted with the device.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson20096_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson20096-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model (built and assembled with the assistance of a mechanic from Springfield named Walter Davis<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson20096_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson20096-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) that was originally taken to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> in Washington<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerndon1892299_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerndon1892299-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatentModelSmith_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatentModelSmith-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time the patent was issued, Lincoln was a congressman. He is the only United States president to be a patentee.<sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatentModelSmith_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatentModelSmith-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After reporting to Washington for his two-year term in Congress beginning March 1847, Lincoln retained Zenas C. Robbins, patent attorney.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-documents_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-documents-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robbins most probably had drawings done by Robert Washington Fenwick, his apprentice artist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson200988_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson200988-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robbins filed the application on March 10, 1849,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was granted as Patent No. 6,469 on May 22, 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-TCH2_12_1974_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCH2_12_1974-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln's patent is the result of Offutt's flat-boat experience he had back in 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMable2020229_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMable2020229-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The device was never produced for practical use<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatent_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there are doubts as to whether it would have actually worked. Paul Johnston, curator of the maritime history department at the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian">Smithsonian</a>, came to the conclusion that the version Lincoln made was not practical because it required too much force to make it operate as intended.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lincoln took his four-year-old son, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Robert Todd Lincoln</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Patent_Office_Building" title="Old Patent Office Building">Old Patent Office Building</a> in 1847<sup id="cite_ref-Partenon_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partenon-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the model room to view the displays, an episode that Robert later recalled as one of his fondest memories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln expressed a special affinity for the Patent Office, a large <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Revival">Greek Revival</a> structure that still stands today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson20099_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson20099-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lincoln's exposure to the patent system, as an inventor and as a lawyer, engendered deep beliefs in its efficacy. Patent law in the United States has a constitutional foundation which is supported by the country's founders, and was viewed as an indispensable engine for economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-ladas_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ladas-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It led him to draft and deliver two lectures on the subject when he was president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson200943-50_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson200943-50-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln had an attraction to machinelike accessories all his life, which some say was hereditary and handed down to him from his father's interest in labor-saving equipment. He made speeches on inventions before he became president. He said in 1858, "Man is not the only animal who labors; but he is the only one who improves his workmanship."<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatent_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McCormick_Twine_Binder_1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/McCormick_Twine_Binder_1884.jpg/200px-McCormick_Twine_Binder_1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/McCormick_Twine_Binder_1884.jpg/300px-McCormick_Twine_Binder_1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/McCormick_Twine_Binder_1884.jpg/400px-McCormick_Twine_Binder_1884.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3052" data-file-height="1979" /></a><figcaption>McCormick <a href="/wiki/Reaper-binder" title="Reaper-binder">reaper and twine binder</a> in 1884 that was part of <a href="/wiki/McCormick_Reaper_patent_case" class="mw-redirect" title="McCormick Reaper patent case">McCormick Reaper patent case</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lincoln admired the patent law system because of the reciprocal benefits it furnished both the inventor and society. In 1859 he noted that the patent system ". . . has secured to the inventor, for a limited time, the exclusive use of his invention; and thereby added to the interest of genius in the discovery and production of new and useful things."<sup id="cite_ref-LincolnPatent_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LincolnPatent-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Illinois_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illinois-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described the discovery of America as the most important development in the world's history, followed second by the technology of printing and third by patent laws.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClifford190810&ndash;13_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClifford190810&ndash;13-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lincoln was himself a patent lawyer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson20092_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson20092-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won an unreported <a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement" title="Patent infringement">patent infringement</a> case for the defendant early in his legal career titled <i>Parker v. Hoyt.</i> A jury found that his client's <a href="/wiki/Waterwheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterwheel">waterwheel</a> did not infringe the intellectual property rights of another. A large professional fee, one of his largest, came from working on the "<a href="/wiki/McCormick_Reaper_patent_case" class="mw-redirect" title="McCormick Reaper patent case">Reaper Case</a>" of <i><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_McCormick" title="Cyrus McCormick">McCormick</a> v. <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Manny" title="John Henry Manny">Manny</a></i> and being successful with its outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick193161–62_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick193161–62-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was co-counsel for the defendant with two aggressive and preeminent Pennsylvania patent attorneys, George Harding, and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Stanton">Edwin M. Stanton</a>. Although Lincoln was prepared and well-paid, his co-counsel thought him too naive and unsophisticated to be allowed to present the argument by himself. He went home unheard, however Manny won the case in an opinion authored by Supreme Court Justice <a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLean1856539_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean1856539-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hinchcliff_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinchcliff-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon Lincoln's taking office, he offered Harding the opportunity to become <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commissioner_of_Patents" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Commissioner of Patents">Commissioner of Patents</a>, which was refused. He later offered the job and position of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">United States Secretary of War</a> to Stanton, who accepted and served.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson200921_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson200921-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln's final patent case was <i>Dawson v. Ennis</i>. It occurred between his presidential nomination and the election. His electoral triumph was juxtaposed with a litigation loss for his client.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1931299-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original 1846 patent drawing was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Patent Office">Patent and Trademark Office</a> of the director in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson200929_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson200929-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its only omission is the usually required inventor's signature in a lower corner.<sup id="cite_ref-History_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Smithsonian Institution acquired about 10,000 patent models, including Lincoln's. The Engineering Collection includes about 75 maritime inventions; its Maritime Collections holds a replica, the original being deemed too delicate to loan out. The Smithsonian department of maritime history Historical Collections Department retains a duplicate of the original patent papers.<sup id="cite_ref-History_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Edwards-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edwards_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edwards_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edwards_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edwards_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2006" class="citation journal cs1">Edwards, Owen (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101160557/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/object-oct06.html">"Inventive Abe: In 1849, a future president patented an ingenious addition to transportation technology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/object-oct06.html">the original</a> on January 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. XIV, no. 32. New York. April 16, 1859. pp. <span class="nowrap">263–</span>264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican04161859-263">10.1038/scientificamerican04161859-263</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ladas.com/Patents/USPatentHistory.html">the original</a> on January 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Patent+Law+of+the+United+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ladas.com%2FPatents%2FUSPatentHistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson200943-50-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson200943-50_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmerson2009">Emerson 2009</a>, p. 43-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illinois-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Illinois_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126040033/http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/what_we_have/patents_and_trademarks/lincolnpatents.html">"Abraham Lincoln, Second Lecture on Discoveries and Inventions"</a>. Jacksonville, IL: <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Library_Association" title="Illinois Library Association">Illinois State Library</a>. February 11, 1859. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/what_we_have/patents_and_trademarks/lincolnpatents.html">the original</a> on January 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln%2C+Second+Lecture+on+Discoveries+and+Inventions&rft.place=Jacksonville%2C+IL&rft.pub=Illinois+State+Library&rft.date=1859-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberdriveillinois.com%2Fdepartments%2Flibrary%2Fwhat_we_have%2Fpatents_and_trademarks%2Flincolnpatents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClifford190810&ndash;13-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClifford190810&ndash;13_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClifford1908">Clifford 1908</a>, p. 10–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson20092-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson20092_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmerson2009">Emerson 2009</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick193161–62-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick193161–62_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCormick1931">McCormick 1931</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean1856539-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLean1856539_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLean1856">McLean 1856</a>, p. 539.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinchcliff-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hinchcliff_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinchliff1940" class="citation journal cs1">Hinchliff, Emerson (September 1940). "Lincoln and the 'Reaper Case'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society</i>. <b>33</b>: <span class="nowrap">361–</span>65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Illinois+State+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Lincoln+and+the+%27Reaper+Case%27&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E361-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=1940-09&rft.aulast=Hinchliff&rft.aufirst=Emerson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson200921-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson200921_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmerson2009">Emerson 2009</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerson200929-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerson200929_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmerson2009">Emerson 2009</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyexplorer.si.edu/resource/abraham-lincolns-patent-model-improvement-buoying-vessels-over-shoals">"Abraham Lincoln's Patent Model: Improvement for Buoying Vessels Over Shoals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a>. July 31, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln%27s+Patent+Model%3A+Improvement+for+Buoying+Vessels+Over+Shoals&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+American+History&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoryexplorer.si.edu%2Fresource%2Fabraham-lincolns-patent-model-improvement-buoying-vessels-over-shoals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1908" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, John Herbert (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7alDAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Works of Abraham Lincoln, Volume 5</i></a>. Fredericksburg, Virginia: Sergeant Kirkland's Museum and Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/963605728">963605728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Abraham+Lincoln%2C+Volume+5&rft.place=Fredericksburg%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=Sergeant+Kirkland%27s+Museum+and+Historical+Society&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F963605728&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=John+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7alDAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmerson2009" class="citation book cs1">Emerson, Jason (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7_77bXv_nAwC&q=Goldsmith,+Harry+(1938).+%22Abraham+Lincoln,+Inventions+and+Patents%22.+%22Journal+of+the+Patent+Office+Society.%22"><i>Lincoln the Inventor</i></a>. Chicago, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03066-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03066-8"><bdi>978-0-472-03066-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln+the+Inventor&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-472-03066-8&rft.aulast=Emerson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7_77bXv_nAwC%26q%3DGoldsmith%2C%2BHarry%2B%281938%29.%2B%2522Abraham%2BLincoln%2C%2BInventions%2Band%2BPatents%2522.%2B%2522Journal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPatent%2BOffice%2BSociety.%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers_Project1937" class="citation book cs1">Federal Writers Project (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SbMgAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Abraham+Lincoln%27s+patent%22&pg=PA950"><i>Washington, City and Capital</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/865798543">865798543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington%2C+City+and+Capital&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F865798543&rft.au=Federal+Writers+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSbMgAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522Abraham%2BLincoln%2527s%2Bpatent%2522%26pg%3DPA950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerndon1892" class="citation book cs1">Herndon, William Henry (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XmI9AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Abraham+Lincoln%22,+Inventions+Patents&pg=PA299"><i>Abraham Lincoln / True Story of Great Life</i></a>. Los Angeles, California: University of California. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70836477">70836477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln+%2F+True+Story+of+Great+Life&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70836477&rft.aulast=Herndon&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXmI9AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522Abraham%2BLincoln%2522%2C%2BInventions%2BPatents%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMable2020" class="citation book cs1">Mable, Hamilton Wright (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lloOEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Abraham+Lincoln%27s+patent%22&pg=PT240"><i>Heroes Every Child Should Know</i></a>. Chicago, Illinois: Good Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37447090">37447090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes+Every+Child+Should+Know&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Good+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37447090&rft.aulast=Mable&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlloOEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Abraham%2BLincoln%2527s%2Bpatent%2522%26pg%3DPT240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick1931" class="citation book cs1">McCormick, Cyrus (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XmI9AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Abraham+Lincoln%22,+Inventions+Patents&pg=PA299"><i>The Century of the Reaper : an Account of Cyrus Hall McCormick, the Inventor of the Reaper; of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, the Business He Created; and of the International Harvester Company, His Heir and Chief Memorial</i></a>. New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/807472363">807472363</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Century+of+the+Reaper+%3A+an+Account+of+Cyrus+Hall+McCormick%2C+the+Inventor+of+the+Reaper%3B+of+the+McCormick+Harvesting+Machine+Company%2C+the+Business+He+Created%3B+and+of+the+International+Harvester+Company%2C+His+Heir+and+Chief+Memorial&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F807472363&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Cyrus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXmI9AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522Abraham%2BLincoln%2522%2C%2BInventions%2BPatents%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean1856" class="citation book cs1">McLean, John (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sCq3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA539"><i>Reports of cases argued and decided in the circuit court, Volume 6</i></a>. Cincinnati, Ohio: H. W. Derby & Co. Publishers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935049718">935049718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reports+of+cases+argued+and+decided+in+the+circuit+court%2C+Volume+6&rft.place=Cincinnati%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=H.+W.+Derby+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1856&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935049718&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsCq3AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbraham+Lincoln%27s+patent" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Parkinson, Robert Henry (September 1946) <i>The Patent Case that Lifted Lincoln into a Presidential Candidate</i> Abraham Lincoln Quarterly (pages=105–22)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Abraham Lincoln's patent">Abraham Lincoln's patent</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6469">U.S. Patent 6,469</a></span> - <i>Manner of Buoying Vessels</i> - Abraham Lincoln. 1849. (Scan of Lincoln's Patent application)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_213141">Abraham Lincoln's Patent Model at the Smithsonian department of maritime history</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Abraham_Lincoln869" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Abraham_Lincoln" title="Template:Abraham Lincoln"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abraham_Lincoln" title="Template talk:Abraham Lincoln"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abraham_Lincoln" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abraham Lincoln"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abraham_Lincoln869" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">16th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 7th congressional district">IL–7</a> (1847–1849)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidential transition of Abraham Lincoln">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bible" title="Lincoln Bible">Lincoln Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Acts" title="Confiscation Acts">Confiscation Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_75,000_volunteers" title="President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers">President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1861" title="Revenue Act of 1861">War based income tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan#Origin_of_the_plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Seaports blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair">RMS <i>Trent</i> Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1863">Habeas Corpus suspended</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia#Separation_from_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia statehood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign#Background_and_opposing_forces" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Conference" title="Hampton Roads Conference">Hampton Roads Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War#Evacuation_and_Capture_of_Richmond" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Tour of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_percent_plan" title="Ten percent plan">Ten percent plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era#Lincoln's_presidential_Reconstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_U.S._foreign_policy,_1861%E2%80%931897" title="History of U.S. foreign policy, 1861–1897">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment abolishing slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">Dakota War of 1862</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Northwest" title="Department of the Northwest">Department of the Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homestead Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Act" title="National Bank Act">National Banking Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)#Lincoln_and_the_Civil_War" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_Fanny_McCullough" title="Letter to Fanny McCullough">Fanny McCullough letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchard_Letter" title="Birchard Letter">Birchard Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixby_letter" title="Bixby letter">Bixby letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences#Origins" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture#Formation_and_subsequent_history" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_or_granted_clemency_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1863 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1864 State of the Union Address">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln#Other_enactments" title="Abraham Lincoln">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln">Judicial appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Lyceum_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's Lyceum address">Lyceum address (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Peoria_speech" title="Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech">Peoria speech (1854)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Lost_Speech" title="Lincoln's Lost Speech">"Lost Speech" (1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_House_Divided_Speech" title="Lincoln's House Divided Speech">House Divided speech (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Lincoln–Douglas debates (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union_speech" title="Cooper Union speech">Cooper Union Address (1860)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_Farewell_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln's Farewell Address">Farewell Address (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_first_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address">First inaugural address (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Address" title="Gettysburg Address">Gettysburg Address (1863,</a> <a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_the_National_Cemetery_at_Gettysburg" title="Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg">event)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_second_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address">Second inaugural address (1865)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life<br />and views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_in_the_Black_Hawk_War" title="Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matson_Trial" title="Matson Trial">Matson Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Resolutions" title="Spot Resolutions">Spot Resolutions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boat lifting patent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hurd_v._Rock_Island_Bridge_Co." title="Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Co.">Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Co.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Plot" title="Baltimore Plot">Baltimore Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Bedell" title="Grace Bedell">Lincoln's beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Health of Abraham Lincoln">Medical and mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Poetry of Abraham Lincoln">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_career_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(1849%E2%80%931861)" title="Political career of Abraham Lincoln (1849–1861)">Political career, 1849–1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Religious views of Abraham Lincoln">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery" title="Abraham Lincoln and slavery">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homes<br />and places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Birthplace_National_Historical_Park" title="Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park">Lincoln Birthplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knob_Creek_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Knob Creek Farm">Knob Creek Farm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Boyhood_National_Memorial" title="Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial">Lincoln Boyhood Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_State_Park" title="Lincoln State Park">Lincoln State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pigeon_Creek_Community" title="Little Pigeon Creek Community">Little Pigeon Creek Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Trail_Homestead_State_Memorial" title="Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial">Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_New_Salem" title="Lincoln's New Salem">Lincoln's New Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Berry_General_Store" title="Lincoln-Berry General Store">Lincoln-Berry General Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_Cottage_at_the_Soldiers%27_Home" title="President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home">Cottage at the Soldier's Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom" title="Lincoln Bedroom">Lincoln Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sitting_Room" title="Lincoln Sitting Room">Lincoln Sitting Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Pioneer_Village" title="Lincoln Pioneer Village">Lincoln Pioneer Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Log_Cabin_State_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site">Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Electoral history of Abraham Lincoln">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention, 1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">1864</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_and_Liberty" title="Lincoln and Liberty">1860 campaign song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">Assassination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford's Theater">Ford's Theater</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_American_Cousin" title="Our American Cousin">Our American Cousin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_American_Cousin_(opera)" title="Our American Cousin (opera)">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth" title="John Wilkes Booth">John Wilkes Booth</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sic_semper_tyrannis" title="Sic semper tyrannis">Sic semper tyrannis</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersen_House" title="Petersen House">Petersen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="State funeral of Abraham Lincoln">State funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_catafalque" title="Lincoln catafalque">Lincoln catafalque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tomb" title="Lincoln Tomb">Lincoln Tomb</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/O_Captain!_My_Captain!" title="O Captain! My Captain!">O Captain! My Captain!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_Lilacs_Last_in_the_Dooryard_Bloom%27d" title="When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd">When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br /><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials to Abraham Lincoln">memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Papers_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="The Papers of Abraham Lincoln">Papers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln/Net" title="Lincoln/Net">Lincoln/Net</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Abraham_Lincoln_artifacts_and_relics" title="List of Abraham Lincoln artifacts and relics">Artifacts and relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Birthday" title="Lincoln's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of photographs of Abraham Lincoln">Photographs of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Depictions_of_Abraham_Lincoln_on_film" title="Category:Depictions of Abraham Lincoln on film">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abraham_Lincoln_in_art" title="Category:Abraham Lincoln in art">Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Illinois Centennial half dollar">Illinois Centennial half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">Five-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Association" title="Abraham Lincoln Association">Abraham Lincoln Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Institute" title="Abraham Lincoln Institute">Abraham Lincoln Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Lincoln_Presenters" title="Association of Lincoln Presenters">Association of Lincoln Presenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Abraham_Lincoln_(SSBN-602)" title="USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602)">USS <i>Abraham Lincoln</i> (1960,</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Abraham_Lincoln_(CVN-72)" title="USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)">1988)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_I_Grew_Up" title="Here I Grew Up">Here I Grew Up</a></i> mosaic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Highway" title="Lincoln Highway">Lincoln Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park" title="Lincoln Park">Lincoln Park (Chicago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Lincoln Park (Washington, D.C.)">Lincoln Park (D.C.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Prize" title="Lincoln Prize">Lincoln Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Heritage_Trail" title="Lincoln Heritage Trail">Lincoln Heritage Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Trail_State_Memorial" title="Lincoln Trail State Memorial">Lincoln Trail State Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Abraham_(Vermont)" title="Mount Abraham (Vermont)">Mount Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Kennedy_coincidences_urban_legend" title="Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend">Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moments_with_Mr._Lincoln" title="Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln">Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_ghost" title="Lincoln's ghost">White House ghost</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Statues46" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of statues of Abraham Lincoln">Statues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln_Memorial)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial)">statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">reflecting pool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln:_The_Man" title="Abraham Lincoln: The Man"><i>Abraham Lincoln: The Man</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln:_The_Head_of_State" title="Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State"><i>Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_the_Lawyer" title="Lincoln the Lawyer"><i>Lincoln the Lawyer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Abe_Lincoln" title="Young Abe Lincoln"><i>Young Abe Lincoln</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Memorial" title="Emancipation Memorial">Emancipation Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Arch" title="Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch">Brooklyn relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Cincinnati)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(District_of_Columbia_City_Hall)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (District of Columbia City Hall)">D.C. City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Hodgenville,_Kentucky)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Hodgenville, Kentucky)">Hodgenville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(relief_by_Schwarz)" title="Abraham Lincoln (relief by Schwarz)">Indianapolis relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Memorial_Monument" title="Abraham Lincoln Memorial Monument">Laramie, Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Lincoln,_Nebraska)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln, Nebraska)">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lincoln" title="The Young Lincoln">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_at_Waterfront_Park" title="Lincoln Memorial at Waterfront Park">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seated_Lincoln_(Borglum)" title="Seated Lincoln (Borglum)">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (New York City)">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square#Lincoln" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Monument_(Philadelphia)" title="Lincoln Monument (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Monument_(Rochester,_New_York)" title="Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Rochester, New York)">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(Borglum)" title="Bust of Abraham Lincoln (Borglum)">U.S. Capitol bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Abraham_Lincoln_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Abraham Lincoln (U.S. Capitol)">U.S. Capitol statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Monument_(Wabash,_Indiana)" title="Lincoln Monument (Wabash, Indiana)">Wabash, Indiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_family" title="Lincoln family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_family" title="Lincoln family">Family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln" title="Mary Todd Lincoln">Mary Todd Lincoln</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Robert Todd Lincoln</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Baker_Lincoln" title="Edward Baker Lincoln">Edward Baker Lincoln</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Lincoln" title="William Wallace Lincoln">William Wallace Lincoln</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad_Lincoln" title="Tad Lincoln">Thomas "Tad" Lincoln III</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Lincoln_Isham" title="Mamie Lincoln Isham">Mary Todd "Mamie" Lincoln</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Harlan_Lincoln" title="Jessie Harlan Lincoln">Jessie Harlan Lincoln</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lincoln" title="Thomas Lincoln">Thomas Lincoln</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lincoln" title="Nancy Lincoln">Nancy Hanks Lincoln</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bush_Lincoln" title="Sarah Bush Lincoln">Sarah Bush Lincoln</a> (stepmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lincoln_Grigsby" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Lincoln Grigsby">Sarah Lincoln Grigsby</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(captain)" title="Abraham Lincoln (captain)">Abraham Lincoln</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Lincoln" title="Mordecai Lincoln">Mordecai Lincoln</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lincoln_Crume" title="Mary Lincoln Crume">Mary Lincoln Crume</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanks" title="John Hanks">John Hanks</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hanks" title="Joseph Hanks">Joseph Hanks</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lincoln" title="Samuel Lincoln">Samuel Lincoln</a> (17th-century ancestor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lincoln_Beckwith" title="Mary Lincoln Beckwith">Mary Lincoln Beckwith</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln_Beckwith" title="Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith">Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bob" title="Old Bob">Old Bob</a> (horse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fido_(Abraham_Lincoln%27s_dog)" title="Fido (Abraham Lincoln's dog)">Fido</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">← James Buchanan</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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