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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_and_medieval_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient and medieval history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Renaissance/Early_modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Renaissance/Early_modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Late Renaissance/Early modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Renaissance/Early_modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th-century_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th-century_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th-century history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th-century_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>National politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humorous_verse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humorous_verse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Humorous verse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humorous_verse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Retail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retail_parks_and_shopping_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail_parks_and_shopping_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Retail parks and shopping centres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail_parks_and_shopping_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Milk_Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Milk_Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>The Milk Market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Milk_Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterway_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterway_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Waterway transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterway_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Basketball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Cricket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Rowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaelic_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaelic_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Gaelic games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaelic_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Golf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.6</span> <span>Rugby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.7</span> <span>Association football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.8</span> <span>Horse racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Photos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limerick</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="ليمريك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليمريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerik" title="Limerik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Limerik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="লিমেরিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিমেরিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Лімерык – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лімерык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Лімэрык (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лімэрык (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимерик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лимерик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luimneach" title="Luimneach – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Luimneach" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luimneach_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Irland)" title="Luimneach (kapital sa kondado sa Irland) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Luimneach (kapital sa kondado sa Irland)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(by)" title="Limerick (by) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Limerick (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Λίμερικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίμερικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="لیمریک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیمریک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limmerik_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Limmerik (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Limmerik (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luimneach" title="Luimneach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luimneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limmeragh" title="Limmeragh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Limmeragh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luimneach" title="Luimneach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luimneach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AD" title="리머릭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리머릭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Լիմերիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիմերիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(citate)" title="Limerick (citate) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Limerick (citate)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимерик – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лимерик" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7" title="לימריק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לימריק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ლიმერიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიმერიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limericum" title="Limericum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Limericum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerika" title="Limerika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Limerika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerikas" title="Limerikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Limerikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(Limerick_megye)" title="Limerick (Limerick megye) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Limerick (Limerick megye)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ლიმერიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიმერიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="ليمريك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليمريك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимэрик – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лимэрик" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(stad)" title="Limerick (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Limerick (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_(stad)" title="Limerick (stad) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Limerick (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="リムリック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リムリック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerik" title="Limerik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Limerik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимерик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лимерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимерик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лимерик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Лимерик – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лимерик" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ลิเมอริก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิเมอริก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Лімерик (місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лімерик (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="لیمرک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیمرک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerik" title="Limerik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Limerik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luimneach" title="Luimneach – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Luimneach" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Limerick" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E9%BB%98%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="利默里克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="利默里克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Limerick&params=52.6653_N_8.6238_W_dim:12500_region:IE_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°39′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°37′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.6653°N 8.6238°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.6653; -8.6238</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Ireland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the form of poetry, see <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" title="Limerick (poetry)">Limerick (poetry)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Limerick (disambiguation)">Limerick (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Munster, Ireland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Limerick</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Luimneach</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limerickcitycollage3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="From top, left to right: People's Park, St. Mary's Cathedral, Riverpoint, Daniel O'Connell Monument, Georgian architecture at Pery Square, King John's Castle"><img alt="From top, left to right: People's Park, St. Mary's Cathedral, Riverpoint, Daniel O'Connell Monument, Georgian architecture at Pery Square, King John's Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Limerickcitycollage3.jpg/250px-Limerickcitycollage3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Limerickcitycollage3.jpg/375px-Limerickcitycollage3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Limerickcitycollage3.jpg/500px-Limerickcitycollage3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top, left to right: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park,_Limerick" title="People's Park, Limerick">People's Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick">St. Mary's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverpoint" title="Riverpoint">Riverpoint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_O%27Connell" title="Daniel O'Connell">Daniel O'Connell</a> Monument, Georgian architecture at <a href="/wiki/Pery_Square" title="Pery Square">Pery Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_John%27s_Castle_(Limerick)" title="King John's Castle (Limerick)">King John's Castle</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRL_COA_Limerick.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Limerick"><img alt="Coat of arms of Limerick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_COA_Limerick.svg/100px-IRL_COA_Limerick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_COA_Limerick.svg/150px-IRL_COA_Limerick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/IRL_COA_Limerick.svg/200px-IRL_COA_Limerick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="617" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>The Treaty City</i>, <i>Shannonside</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Urbs Antiqua Fuit<br /> Studiisque Asperrima Belli</i><br />"There was an ancient city<br /> very fierce in the skills of war"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ireland_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Limerick is located in Ireland"><img alt="Limerick is located in Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/250px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/375px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/500px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1807" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.698%;left:39.603%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Limerick"><img alt="Limerick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Limerick</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Ireland</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Ireland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limerick is located in Europe"><img alt="Limerick is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.454%;left:10.778%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Limerick"><img alt="Limerick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Limerick</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Limerick&params=52.6653_N_8.6238_W_dim:12500_region:IE_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°39′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°37′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.6653°N 8.6238°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.6653; -8.6238</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ireland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Ireland">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Ireland" title="Southern Region, Ireland">Southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Mid-West_Region,_Ireland" title="Mid-West Region, Ireland">(Mid-West)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">Limerick</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">812 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Rights</th><td class="infobox-data">1197 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Local Authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_and_County_Council" title="Limerick City and County Council">Limerick City and County Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Limerick" title="Mayor of Limerick">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_(Mayor_of_Limerick)" title="John Moran (Mayor of Limerick)">John Moran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Ind</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Limerick.ie_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Limerick.ie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Local_electoral_area" title="Local electoral area">Local Electoral Areas</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>Limerick City East</li><li>Limerick City North</li><li>Limerick City West</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil constituency">Dáil constituency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick City (Dáil constituency)">Limerick City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="European Parliament constituencies in the Republic of Ireland">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South (European Parliament constituency)">South</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">61.3 km<sup>2</sup> (23.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 m (30 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">102,287<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of urban areas in the Republic of Ireland">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,669/km<sup>2</sup> (4,320/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">162,413<sup id="cite_ref-Eurostat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Limerickman, Shannonsider, <br />Treatyman</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC0">UTC0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">WET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Eircode" class="mw-redirect" title="Eircode">Eircode</a> Routing Key</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">V94</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland">Telephone Area Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">061(+353 61)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of Ireland">Vehicle Index<br />Mark Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">L</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerickcity.ie/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133315#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_limerick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Map_of_limerick.png/220px-Map_of_limerick.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Map_of_limerick.png/330px-Map_of_limerick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Map_of_limerick.png/440px-Map_of_limerick.png 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption>Map of Limerick</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Limerick</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LIM</span>-ər-ik</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Luimneach</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈl̪ˠɪmʲ(ə)nʲəx]</a></span>) is a city in western Ireland, in <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">County Limerick</a>. It is in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> and is in the <a href="/wiki/Mid-West_Region,_Ireland" title="Mid-West Region, Ireland">Mid-West</a> which comprises part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Ireland" title="Southern Region, Ireland">Southern Region</a>. With a population of 102,287 at the <a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022 census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limerick is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of urban areas in the Republic of Ireland">third-most populous</a> urban area in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_on_the_island_of_Ireland_by_population" title="List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population">fourth-most populous</a> city on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded by Scandinavian settlers in 812, during the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>. </p><p>The city straddles the <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">River Shannon</a>, with the historic core of the city located on <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Island,_Limerick" title="King's Island, Limerick">King's Island</a>, which is bounded by the Shannon and <a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey</a> Rivers. Limerick is at the head of the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a>, where the river widens before it flows into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> . <a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_and_County_Council" title="Limerick City and County Council">Limerick City and County Council</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local authority</a> for the city. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_metropolitan_area">Geography and metropolitan area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography and metropolitan area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limerick is located on the River Shannon with four main river-crossing points near the city centre. To the south of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Vale" title="Golden Vale">Golden Vale</a>, an area of rich <a href="/wiki/Pastureland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastureland">pastureland</a>. Historically, much of the city's industry was based on this agricultural hinterland.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 June 2014, following the amalgamation of the separate local government areas of the county of Limerick and the local government area of the city of Limerick to form Limerick City and County, a new Metropolitan District of Limerick was formed within the united council, which extended the city area. The Metropolitan District includes the city urban area and extends outwards towards <a href="/wiki/Patrickswell" title="Patrickswell">Patrickswell</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Castleconnell" title="Castleconnell">Castleconnell</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The City Metropolitan Area however excludes city suburbs located within <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/2016_census_of_Ireland" title="2016 census of Ireland">2016 census</a>, the Metropolitan District of Limerick had a population of 104,952.<sup id="cite_ref-Municipal_District_Limerick_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Municipal_District_Limerick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Limerick" title="History of Limerick">History of Limerick</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limerick-King-Johns-Castle-2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Limerick-King-Johns-Castle-2012.JPG/220px-Limerick-King-Johns-Castle-2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Limerick-King-Johns-Castle-2012.JPG/330px-Limerick-King-Johns-Castle-2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Limerick-King-Johns-Castle-2012.JPG/440px-Limerick-King-Johns-Castle-2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/King_John%27s_Castle_(Limerick)" title="King John's Castle (Limerick)">King John's Castle</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">River Shannon</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_and_medieval_history">Ancient and medieval history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient and medieval history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Luimneach</i></span> originally referred to the general area along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a> known as <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Loch Luimnigh</i></span>. The earliest settlement in the city, <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Inis Sibhtonn</i></span>, was the original name for King's Island during the pre-Viking and Viking eras. This island was also called <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Inis an Ghaill Duibh</i></span>, 'The Dark Foreigner's Island'. The name is recorded in <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> sources as <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Hlymrekr</i></span>. </p><p>The city dates from 812; however, history suggests the presence of earlier settlements in the area surrounding King's Island, the island at the historical city centre. Antiquity's map-maker, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>, produced in 150 AD the earliest map of Ireland, showing a place called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regia</i></span> at the same site as King's Island. History also records an important battle involving <a href="/wiki/Cormac_mac_Airt" title="Cormac mac Airt">Cormac mac Airt</a> in 221 and a visit by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a> in 434 to baptise an <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_gCais" class="mw-redirect" title="Dál gCais">Dál gCais</a> king, Carthann Finn. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Munchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Munchin">Saint Munchin</a>, the first bishop of Limerick died in 652, indicating the settlement was a place of some note then. In 812 the Vikings sailed up the Shannon and pillaged the city, burned <a href="/wiki/Mungret_Abbey" title="Mungret Abbey">Mungret Abbey</a> but were forced to flee when the Irish attacked and killed many of their number.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Normans redesigned the city in the 12th century and added much of the most notable architecture, such as <a href="/wiki/King_John%27s_Castle_(Limerick)" title="King John's Castle (Limerick)">King John's Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Limerick">St Mary's Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early medieval times Limerick was at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thomond" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Thomond">Kingdom of Thomond</a> which corresponds to the present day County Clare, the Kingdom also included North <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a> and parts of South <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">Offaly</a>. One of the kingdom's most notable kings was <a href="/wiki/Brian_Boru" title="Brian Boru">Brian Boru</a>, ancestor of the O'Brien Clan of Dalcassians. The word Thomond is synonymous with the region and is retained in place names such as <a href="/wiki/Thomondgate" title="Thomondgate">Thomondgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomond_Bridge" title="Thomond Bridge">Thomond Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomond_Park" title="Thomond Park">Thomond Park</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Renaissance/Early_modern_history"><span id="Late_Renaissance.2FEarly_modern_history"></span>Late Renaissance/Early modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Late Renaissance/Early modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DV405_no.235_Limerick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DV405_no.235_Limerick.png/220px-DV405_no.235_Limerick.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DV405_no.235_Limerick.png/330px-DV405_no.235_Limerick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DV405_no.235_Limerick.png/440px-DV405_no.235_Limerick.png 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption>Limerick, painted in 1830</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Street,_Limerick_(5691906290).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Street%2C_Limerick_%285691906290%29.jpg/220px-George_Street%2C_Limerick_%285691906290%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Street%2C_Limerick_%285691906290%29.jpg/330px-George_Street%2C_Limerick_%285691906290%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/George_Street%2C_Limerick_%285691906290%29.jpg/440px-George_Street%2C_Limerick_%285691906290%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption>Cannock's Department Store on O'Connell Street in the early 20th Century</figcaption></figure> <p>Limerick in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was sometimes called the most beautiful city in Ireland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attribution_needed" title="Wikipedia:Attribution needed"><span title="This sentence may contain perspectives and opinions without stating whose they are. (September 2019)">attribution needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The English-born judge <a href="/wiki/Luke_Gernon" title="Luke Gernon">Luke Gernon</a>, a resident of Limerick, wrote in 1620 that at his first sight of the city he had been taken by its "lofty buildings of marble, like the Colleges in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the civil wars of the 17th century the city played a pivotal role, besieged by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> in 1651 and twice by <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">the Williamites</a> in the 1690s. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Limerick" title="Treaty of Limerick">Treaty of Limerick</a> ended the <a href="/wiki/Williamite_war_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Williamite war in Ireland">Williamite war in Ireland</a> which was fought between supporters of the Catholic <a href="/wiki/King_James_II" class="mw-redirect" title="King James II">King James II</a> (Jacobites) and the Protestant <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">King William of Orange</a> (Williamites). The treaty offered toleration to Catholicism and full legal rights to Catholics that swore an oath of loyalty to <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II</a>. The Treaty was of national significance as it ensured closer British and Protestant dominance over Ireland. The articles of the Treaty protecting Catholic rights were not passed by the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Irish Parliament</a> which rather updated the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Laws_against_Irish_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal Laws against Irish Catholics">Penal Laws</a> against Catholics which had major implications for <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Irish history</a>. Reputedly the Treaty was signed on the Treaty Stone, an irregular block of limestone which once served as a mounting block for horses. This stone is now displayed on a pedestal at Clancy Strand. Because of the treaty, Limerick is sometimes known as the Treaty City. This turbulent period earned the city its motto: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">urbs antiqua fuit studisque asperrima belli</i></span> (an ancient city well studied in the arts of war). </p><p>The peaceful times that followed the turmoil of the late 17th century allowed the city to prosper through trade in the late 18th century. During this time Limerick Port established itself as one of Ireland's major commercial ports exporting agricultural produce from one of Ireland's most fertile areas, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Vale" title="Golden Vale">Golden Vale</a>, to Britain and America.<sup id="cite_ref-libraryireland.com_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libraryireland.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increase in trade and wealth, particularly amongst the city's merchant classes saw a rapid expansion of the city as <a href="/wiki/Newtown_Pery,_Limerick" title="Newtown Pery, Limerick">Georgian Limerick</a> began to take shape. This gave the city its present-day look, including the extensive terraced streets of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> townhouses which remain in the city centre today. The <a href="/wiki/Waterford_and_Limerick_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterford and Limerick Railway">Waterford and Limerick Railway</a> linked the city to the <a href="/wiki/Dublin%E2%80%93Cork_railway_line" title="Dublin–Cork railway line">Dublin–Cork railway line</a> in 1848 and to <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a> in 1853. The opening of a number of secondary railways in the subsequent decades developed Limerick as a regional centre of communications. However, the economic downturn in the European conflicts of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and Napoleonic eras, and following the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Union 1800">Act of Union 1800</a>, and the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Irish_Famine" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Irish Famine">Great Irish Famine</a> of 1848 caused much of the 19th century to be a more troubled period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th-century_history">20th-century history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th-century history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limerick_arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Limerick_arms.jpg/220px-Limerick_arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Limerick_arms.jpg/330px-Limerick_arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Limerick_arms.jpg/440px-Limerick_arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="2377" /></a><figcaption>City arms on a <a href="/wiki/Manhole_cover" title="Manhole cover">manhole cover</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Limerick_boycott" title="Limerick boycott">Limerick boycott</a> was an economic boycott waged against the small Jewish community for over two years in the first decade of the 20th century. It was accompanied by a number of assaults, stone-throwing and intimidation, which caused many Jews to leave the city. It was instigated in 1904 by a Redemptorist priest, Father <a href="/wiki/John_Creagh" title="John Creagh">John Creagh</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Soviet" title="Limerick Soviet">Limerick Soviet</a> was a self-declared soviet that existed from 15 to 27 April 1919. A general strike was organised by the Limerick Trades and Labour Council, as a protest against the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>'s declaration of a "Special Military Area" under the Defence of the Realm Act, which covered most of Limerick city and a part of the county. During the strike a special strike committee was set up to print their own money, control <a href="/wiki/Food_prices" title="Food prices">food prices</a> and publish newspapers. </p><p>By the mid-20th century, Limerick was characterised by economic stagnation and decline as many traditional industries closed or left the city. However, there were some success stories. In 1942 <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a> (located in County Clare, 20 km west of the city) opened for the first time offering transatlantic flights. In 1959, Shannon Airport enabled the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Free_Zone" title="Shannon Free Zone">Shannon Free Zone</a> which attracted a large number of multinational companies to the region. A long campaign for a third-level educational institute to be located in the city finally bore fruit with the establishment of <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Higher_Education" title="National Institute for Higher Education">NIHE Limerick</a> in 1969 which eventually became the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a> in 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Limerick_people" title="List of Limerick people">List of Limerick people</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1659</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,105</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,045</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1801.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,554</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,391</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−27.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">48,785</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,924</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,353</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,562</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,155</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">38,151</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,518</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,448</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,061</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,970</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">50,820</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,666</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,732</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,082</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,161</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">60,665</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+6.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,736</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,279</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,083</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,039</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">54,023</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,790</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,779</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2011)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (May 2011)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2011)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (May 2011)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2011)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (May 2011)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2011)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (May 2011)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2011)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Limerick is the third-largest city in the Republic of Ireland (after <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>), with a population of 102,287 in the urban area<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 104,952 in the metropolitan district, according to the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Statistics Office of Ireland">CSO</a> census.<sup id="cite_ref-Municipal_District_Limerick_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Municipal_District_Limerick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_Ireland" title="2011 census of Ireland">2011 census</a> had reported a large population decline in central city areas due in part to the Limerick regeneration process where in these areas the largest reduction was reported nationally and also to outward migration following the collapse of the local and national economy from 2008 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of the Limerick <a href="/wiki/Larger_Urban_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger Urban Zone">Larger Urban Zone</a> as defined by the EU is 162,413.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurostat_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Figure is from 2011 and was estimated (February 2020)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> The ethnic diversity in Limerick's population, which includes a large immigrant community, saw rapid growth during the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a> and the following decade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of the <a href="/wiki/2016_census_of_Ireland" title="2016 census of Ireland">2016 census</a> the Polish community was one of the largest demographic groups in the Municipal District, with approximately 4,000 living and working in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Municipal_District_Limerick_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Municipal_District_Limerick-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2006, it was proposed that Ireland's first Polish bank could open in the area during 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Polishbank_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polishbank-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Limerick has a large stock of <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">local authority</a> housing. Before the amalgamation of Limerick City and County Council, 41% of all housing within the old Limerick City Council boundary was <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">local authority</a>, which was the highest in Ireland. This figure is however no longer accurate given the larger metropolitan district of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-limerickleader.ie_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-limerickleader.ie-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the 2022 census, the ethnic makeup of the city was 76.53% <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> total, including 67.47% white Irish and 8.53% other white people, 13.52% not stated, 5.48% Asian, 2.31% other and 2.14% <a href="/wiki/Black_people_in_Ireland" title="Black people in Ireland">black</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's religious makeup in 2022 was 61.31% <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholics" title="Irish Catholics">Catholic</a>, 14.11% no religion, 13.91% not stated, and 10.66% other religions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OConnell.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OConnell.JPG/220px-OConnell.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OConnell.JPG/330px-OConnell.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OConnell.JPG/440px-OConnell.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Street,_Limerick" title="O'Connell Street, Limerick">O'Connell Street, Limerick</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limerick city is under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_and_County_Council" title="Limerick City and County Council">Limerick City and County Council</a>, which is based at <a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Limerick" title="City Hall, Limerick">City Hall, Limerick</a>. The council has responsibility for local services such as sanitation, planning and development, libraries, collection of motor taxation, local roads and social housing in the city. The council comprises elected <a href="/wiki/Councillors" class="mw-redirect" title="Councillors">councillors</a> with an appointed full-time CEO as the city (and county) manager. Local elections are held every five years and the councillors annually elect a Cathaoirleach or chairperson to chair the council. The 21 councillors from the 3 <a href="/wiki/Local_electoral_area" title="Local electoral area">local electoral areas</a> in the City Metropolitan Area also elect a mayor to represent the city. The Mayoral position is largely ceremonial and has much reduced responsibility following the merger of the Limerick local authorities. As of mid-2021, the mayor was Councillor Daniel Butler.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former well-known mayors include TDs <a href="/wiki/Donogh_O%27Malley" title="Donogh O'Malley">Donogh O'Malley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Coughlan" title="Stephen Coughlan">Stephen Coughlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lipper" title="Michael Lipper">Michael Lipper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Kemmy" title="Jim Kemmy">Jim Kemmy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_O%27Sullivan" title="Jan O'Sullivan">Jan O'Sullivan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout most of the city's history, from 1197 when it gained its first charter, Limerick City had its own local government authority, Limerick Corporation later known as <a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_Council" title="Limerick City Council">Limerick City Council</a>. The council was one of the oldest in Ireland and was only exceeded in age by <a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_Council" title="Dublin City Council">Dublin City Council</a>. In October 2012 the Government of Ireland published <i>Putting People First- Action Programme for Effective Local Government</i> which set out government policy for reforms across all the main areas of local government in Ireland. Among the recommendations was the merging of Limerick City Council with <a href="/wiki/Limerick_County_Council" title="Limerick County Council">Limerick County Council</a>. The changes came into effect on 1 June 2014 following the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1960s onwards the city had outgrown its boundary considerably; the city boundary was only altered slightly and never reflected the overall urban area of the city. A limited boundary extension on the city's north side in 2008 enlarged the city boundary by 1,020 hectares increasing the city's area by almost 50% and raising the population by an estimated 7,000.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous boundary, encompassing 2,086 hectares, was delineated in 1950. Newer suburban districts such as <a href="/wiki/Dooradoyle" title="Dooradoyle">Dooradoyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castletroy" title="Castletroy">Castletroy</a> – including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University</a>, Gouldavoher, and <a href="/wiki/Raheen,_County_Limerick" title="Raheen, County Limerick">Raheen</a> were continually administered to by Limerick County Council until the merger of the two authorities in June 2014. This local government structure in Limerick caused a number of inefficiencies, most notably in the area of planning. A number of suburbs such as Westbury and <a href="/wiki/Parteen" title="Parteen">Parteen</a> to the north of the city are governed by <a href="/wiki/Clare_County_Council" title="Clare County Council">Clare County Council</a>. </p><p>Following the merger of the two authorities in 2014, a new Metropolitan District of Limerick City was set up that included the city urban area and also settlements close to the city such as <a href="/wiki/Patrickswell" title="Patrickswell">Patrickswell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castleconnell" title="Castleconnell">Castleconnell</a>. The Metropolitan district returns 21 councillors to Limerick City and County Council which in total has 40 councillors returned from across Limerick City and County.<sup id="cite_ref-irishstatutebook.ie_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishstatutebook.ie-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Limerick City Metropolitan District is divided into 3 local electoral areas: Limerick City East, Limerick City North and Limerick City South which elect eight, six and seven councillors respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-irishstatutebook.ie_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishstatutebook.ie-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2024_Irish_local_elections" title="2024 Irish local elections">2024 local elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> is the largest party on the authority with 13 seats followed by <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> with 10, <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> with 3 each, and <a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Ireland)" title="Social Democrats (Ireland)">Social Democrats</a> with 2 each, and <a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> with 1 seat each, and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">independents</a> and other parties the remaining 5 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_politics">National politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For elections to the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil">Dáil</a>, Limerick City is in the <a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick City (Dáil constituency)">Limerick City</a> constituency. From 2011, the constituency boundaries changed in accordance with the proposals of the <a href="/wiki/Constituency_Commission" title="Constituency Commission">Constituency Commission</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Electoral_(Amendment)_Act_2009" title="Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009">Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009</a>. This changed the electoral boundaries from <a href="/wiki/Limerick_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick East">Limerick East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limerick_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick West">Limerick West</a> to <a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick City (Dáil constituency)">Limerick City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick (Dáil constituency)">Limerick</a>. Limerick city encompasses the city, the suburban areas of <a href="/wiki/Castletroy" title="Castletroy">Castletroy</a> and as far east as <a href="/wiki/Murroe" title="Murroe">Murroe</a>. It also includes part of North <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">County Tipperary</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick (Dáil constituency)">Limerick</a> county constituency takes in most of the rest of the county. For <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> elections, Limerick is in the <a href="/wiki/South_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South (European Parliament constituency)">South</a> constituency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limerick's climate is classified as <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">temperate oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfb</i>). Met Éireann maintains a climatological weather observation station at <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a>, 21 kilometres west-northwest of the city in <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>. Shannon Airport records an average of 977 millimetres of precipitation annually, most of which is rain. Limerick has a mild climate, with an average daily maximum in July of 20 °C (68 °F) and an average daily minimum in January of 3 °C (37 °F). The highest temperature recorded was 32.0 °C (89.6 °F) in June 2018, and the lowest −11.4 °C (11.5 °F) in 2010. Limerick is the cloudiest city in the country, averaging only 1,295 sunshine hours annually, 3.5 hours of sunshine every day. There are on average 62 days of no recordable sunshine, 6 days of thunder, 22 days of hail, 32 days of fog and 11 days of snow per year. Shannon Airport is located by the ocean at an elevation of 14 metres. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a> <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">Weather Observing Station</a> (1981 to 2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.8<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.4<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.4<br />(11.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.3<br />(4.03) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2<br />(3.00) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(3.10) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.2<br />(2.33) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8<br />(2.55) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.8<br />(2.75) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.9<br />(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.0<br />(3.23) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.6<br />(2.98) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.9<br />(4.13) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.1<br />(3.70) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.0<br />(4.09) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">977.5<br />(38.48) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">214 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">84 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average afternoon <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5A5A5A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.6 </td> <td style="background: #838383; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.6 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.0 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.1 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.0 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.1 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.0 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9 </td> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.0 </td> <td style="background: #4F4F4F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.4 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,295.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #848484; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #727272; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #505050; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Met Éireann<sup id="cite_ref-LK_climate_data_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LK_climate_data-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunt_Museum_Limerick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hunt_Museum_Limerick.jpg/220px-Hunt_Museum_Limerick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hunt_Museum_Limerick.jpg/330px-Hunt_Museum_Limerick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hunt_Museum_Limerick.jpg/440px-Hunt_Museum_Limerick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Museum" title="Hunt Museum">Hunt Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belltable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Belltable.jpg/220px-Belltable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Belltable.jpg/330px-Belltable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Belltable.jpg/440px-Belltable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Belltable" title="Belltable">The Belltable Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2014, Limerick became Ireland's inaugural <i>National City of Culture</i>, with a variety of artistic and cultural events occurring at locations around the city throughout the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_Gallery_of_Art" title="Limerick City Gallery of Art">Limerick City Gallery of Art</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pery_Square" title="Pery Square">Pery Square</a> is the city's chief venue for <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> exhibitions. It is home to a permanent collection of <a href="/wiki/Irish_art" title="Irish art">Irish art</a>, which shows works from the early 18th to 20th century. The gallery houses the National Collection of Contemporary Drawing founded by the artist Samuel Walsh in 1987. Limerick's major contemporary art event is <a href="/wiki/EVA_International" title="EVA International">EVA International</a>, Ireland's Biennial of Contemporary Art.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EVA International, centered mainly in the Limerick City Gallery of Art, is curated by varying guest curators and includes contemporary artworks by both international and Irish artists.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Limerick arts groups include Contact Studios, which provides individual studio spaces for visual artists; <a href="/wiki/Ormston_House" title="Ormston House">Ormston House</a>, a meeting place for the arts; and Limerick Printmakers Studio and Gallery, which provides printmaking facilities, a venue for exhibitions and events and an education programme.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lime Tree Theatre officially opened at the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Immaculate_College" title="Mary Immaculate College">Mary Immaculate College</a> campus in October 2012. The venue hosts theatre, music, comedy, traditional arts, schools' performances, and conferences.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Belltable" title="Belltable">Belltable</a> on <a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Street,_Limerick" title="O'Connell Street, Limerick">O'Connell Street</a> hosts local playwrights and drama productions.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University Concert Hall located in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a> is a 1,000 seat venue and provides a large venue for national and international acts to visit the city. Limerick is also the home of street theatre companies, including "The Umbrella Project".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is also the Impact Theatre Company,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bottomdog Theatre Company.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limerick's literature scene is supported by projects like the Limerick Writers' Centre, which was established in 2008 and runs a range of writing activities in the city. Limerick natives include Pulitzer Prize-winning author Frank McCourt, and novelists Kate O'Brien, Michael Curtin, Kevin Barry and Donal Ryan. Poets from Limerick include Michael Hogan, Desmond O'Grady, and John Liddy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is the setting for <a href="/wiki/Frank_McCourt_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank McCourt (author)">Frank McCourt</a>'s memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Angela%27s_Ashes" title="Angela's Ashes">Angela's Ashes</a></i> and its <a href="/wiki/Angela%27s_Ashes_(film)" title="Angela's Ashes (film)">film adaptation</a>. The Frank McCourt Museum situated in McCourt's former school on Hartsonge Street opened in 2011, and contains artefacts from the book.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limerick has also been the setting or location for the dramas <i>The Real Thing</i> (2002), <i><a href="/wiki/Cowboys_%26_Angels" title="Cowboys & Angels">Cowboys & Angels</a></i> (2003) and <i>Lost & Found</i> (2015), among other films.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Chamber_Orchestra" title="Irish Chamber Orchestra">Irish Chamber Orchestra</a> and the Irish World Music Centre are both based in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>. The university has a thousand-seat state-of-the-art concert hall that hosts visiting performers. The city's music scene has produced bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">The Cranberries</a>, guitarist <a href="/wiki/Noel_Hogan" title="Noel Hogan">Noel Hogan</a>'s MonoBand, and <a href="/wiki/The_Hitchers_(Irish_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hitchers (Irish band)">The Hitchers</a>. Electronic musician Richard D. James, more commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Aphex_Twin" title="Aphex Twin">Aphex Twin</a>, was born in Limerick in 1971. The Limerick Art Gallery and the Art College cater for painting, sculpture, and performance art. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick_International_Band_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limerick International Band Championship (page does not exist)">Limerick International Band Championship</a> is an annual competition featuring <a href="/wiki/Marching_bands" class="mw-redirect" title="Marching bands">marching bands</a> from Limerick, the rest of Ireland, and the rest of the world. It is typically held around just after <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a>, with the bands parading through the city centre, and attracts large crowds.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dolan's Warehouse on the Dock Road is a venue specialising in live music, established in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-dolans_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dolans-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baker Place was a nightclub that held mainly local underground nights until its closure in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, it was announced that the Dromkeen-based Shiloh Trust was seeking planning permission to convert the former premises of Baker Place into a bible school.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Limerick is also home to comedians <a href="/wiki/The_Rubberbandits" title="The Rubberbandits">The Rubberbandits</a>, D'Unbelievables (<a href="/wiki/Pat_Shortt" title="Pat Shortt">Pat Shortt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Kenny" title="Jon Kenny">Jon Kenny</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Spain" title="Karl Spain">Karl Spain</a>.</li> <li>The Crush 87 nightclub (formerly known as Trinity Rooms until its closure in 2010), was relaunched in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Riverfest is a summer festival held annually in Limerick since 2004. The 2014 festival was held in May and had a record 80,000 visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As with several other towns and cities in Ireland, and some elsewhere, there is an annual <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a> parade.</li> <li>The Daghdha Dance Company is a contemporary dance company that has adopted a renovated church in John's Square, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Cathedral, Limerick">St John's Cathedral</a>, as a performance space).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fresh_Film_Festival" title="Fresh Film Festival">Fresh Film Festival</a>, which is held each spring, includes films made by young people (7–18 years).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris_International_Film_Festival" title="Richard Harris International Film Festival">Richard Harris International Film Festival</a> is held every October.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humorous_verse">Humorous verse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Humorous verse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" title="Limerick (poetry)">limerick</a> is a type of humorous <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">verse</a> of five lines with an AABBA <a href="/wiki/Rhyme_scheme" title="Rhyme scheme">rhyme scheme</a>: the poem's connection with the city is obscure, but the name is generally taken to be a reference to Limerick city or <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">County Limerick</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes, particularly to the <a href="/wiki/Croom,_County_Limerick" title="Croom, County Limerick">Maigue Poets</a>, and may derive from an earlier form of <a href="/wiki/Nonsense_verse" title="Nonsense verse">nonsense verse</a> parlour game that traditionally included a refrain that included "Will [or won't] you come (up) to Limerick?"<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest known use of the name "Limerick" for this type of poem is an 1880 reference, in a <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a>, newspaper, to a well-known tune.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_House,_Limerick_Live_95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Radio_House%2C_Limerick_Live_95.jpg/220px-Radio_House%2C_Limerick_Live_95.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Radio_House%2C_Limerick_Live_95.jpg/330px-Radio_House%2C_Limerick_Live_95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Radio_House%2C_Limerick_Live_95.jpg/440px-Radio_House%2C_Limerick_Live_95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Live 95FM building in Limerick</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limerick_-_RTE_Lyric_FM_(Robert_Street)_(5771337206).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Limerick_-_RTE_Lyric_FM_%28Robert_Street%29_%285771337206%29.jpg/220px-Limerick_-_RTE_Lyric_FM_%28Robert_Street%29_%285771337206%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Limerick_-_RTE_Lyric_FM_%28Robert_Street%29_%285771337206%29.jpg/330px-Limerick_-_RTE_Lyric_FM_%28Robert_Street%29_%285771337206%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Limerick_-_RTE_Lyric_FM_%28Robert_Street%29_%285771337206%29.jpg/440px-Limerick_-_RTE_Lyric_FM_%28Robert_Street%29_%285771337206%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_lyric_fm" title="RTÉ lyric fm">RTÉ lyric fm</a> building </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_lyric_fm" title="RTÉ lyric fm">RTÉ lyric fm</a>, a state-run classical music radio station and part of <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a>, broadcasts nationally from studios in the city centre on Cornmarket Square which opened in 1994. Limerick's local radio station is <a href="/wiki/Live_95FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Live 95FM">Live 95FM</a>, broadcasting from 'Radio House', near the waterfront at Steamboat Quay. <a href="/wiki/Spin_South_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin South West">Spin South West</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Communicorp" class="mw-redirect" title="Communicorp">Communicorp</a>, broadcasts to Counties <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Clare</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">Tipperary</a> and southwest <a href="/wiki/County_Laois" title="County Laois">Laois</a> from its studios at Landmark Buildings in the <a href="/wiki/Raheen_Industrial_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Raheen Industrial Estate">Raheen Industrial Estate</a>. Student radio station, Wired FM, broadcasts on 99.9FM from <a href="/wiki/Mary_Immaculate_College" title="Mary Immaculate College">Mary Immaculate College</a>. Wired FM also has studios at Limerick Institute of Technology. Limerick City Community Radio broadcasts on 99.9FM every Saturday and Sunday.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/University_Hospital_Limerick" title="University Hospital Limerick">University Hospital Limerick</a> has a radio station on 94.2FM, but this can be heard only in the hospital and surrounding area. <a href="/wiki/West_Limerick_102" title="West Limerick 102">West Limerick 102</a> is broadcast from <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_West" title="Newcastle West">Newcastle West</a>. The national broadcaster, <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a>, has radio and television studios in the city, which are periodically used to broadcast programming from Limerick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several local newspapers are published in the city, including <i><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Post" title="Limerick Post">The Limerick Post</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Limerick_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="The Limerick Leader">The Limerick Leader</a></i> and magazines include the <i>Limerick Event Guide</i>, <i>Business Limerick</i>, and <i>Limerick Now</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Limerick" title="Architecture of Limerick">Architecture of Limerick</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Limerick" title="List of public art in Limerick">List of public art in Limerick</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LimerickSunsetPotatoMarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/LimerickSunsetPotatoMarket.jpg/170px-LimerickSunsetPotatoMarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/LimerickSunsetPotatoMarket.jpg/255px-LimerickSunsetPotatoMarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/LimerickSunsetPotatoMarket.jpg/340px-LimerickSunsetPotatoMarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_O%27Halloran" title="Sylvester O'Halloran">Sylvester O'Halloran</a> Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>Limerick city is approximately 25 km from <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a>. Tourist attractions in the city centre include <a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick City Museum">Limerick City Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_John%27s_Castle_(Limerick)" title="King John's Castle (Limerick)">King John's Castle</a> (1210), <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Limerick">St Mary's Cathedral</a> (1168), the <a href="/wiki/Hunt_Museum" title="Hunt Museum">Hunt Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Museum_of_Limerick" title="The People's Museum of Limerick">The People's Museum of Limerick</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>, Georgian houses and gardens and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Limerick" title="Treaty of Limerick">Treaty Stone</a>. There are several seasonal tours, including <a href="/wiki/Angela%27s_Ashes" title="Angela's Ashes">Angela's Ashes</a> walking tour of Limerick City, a historical walking tour, and boat tours along the <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">River Shannon</a>. </p><p>The city centre is divided between the traditional areas of "English Town" on the southern end of King's Island, which includes King John's Castle; "Irish Town", which includes the older streets on the south bank; and the current economic centre further south, called "<a href="/wiki/Newtown_Pery,_Limerick" title="Newtown Pery, Limerick">Newtown Pery</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newtown Pery was built in the late 18th century before the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1800" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Union 1800">Act of Union</a> and, unusually for an Irish city and unique in Limerick, is laid out on a <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid plan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Museum" title="Limerick Museum">Limerick Museum</a> (formerly aka the Jim Kemmy Municipal Museum), is located in the Old Franciscan Friary in Henry Street. It contains displays on Limerick's history and manufactures.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Johns_Cathedral_Limerick_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/St_Johns_Cathedral_Limerick_Ireland.jpg/170px-St_Johns_Cathedral_Limerick_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/St_Johns_Cathedral_Limerick_Ireland.jpg/255px-St_Johns_Cathedral_Limerick_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/St_Johns_Cathedral_Limerick_Ireland.jpg/340px-St_Johns_Cathedral_Limerick_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Cathedral, Limerick">St John's Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limerick-St-Marys-Katedral-2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Limerick-St-Marys-Katedral-2012.JPG/220px-Limerick-St-Marys-Katedral-2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Limerick-St-Marys-Katedral-2012.JPG/330px-Limerick-St-Marys-Katedral-2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Limerick-St-Marys-Katedral-2012.JPG/440px-Limerick-St-Marys-Katedral-2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3590" data-file-height="3005" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Limerick">St Mary's Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Georgian core of the city, with its <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a> in the Newtown Pery, was developed from the mid-18th century. This core includes O'Connell Street (George Street before independence) from the Cecil Street intersection running to the southwest end of the Crescent, and southeast to Pery Street including Glentworth Street and Barrington Street. Other buildings of architectural note in the city are <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Cathedral, Limerick">St John's Cathedral</a>, designed by the notable Victorian architect, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Charles_Hardwick" title="Philip Charles Hardwick">Philip Charles Hardwick</a>. St Mary's Cathedral, at over 800 years old, is one of the oldest in Ireland. St John's Cathedral is more modern. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hunt_Museum" title="Hunt Museum">Hunt Museum</a> is based in the historic 18th-century former Custom House. The museum was established to house a collection of approximately 2000 works of art and antiquities formed by <a href="/wiki/John_Hunt_(antiquarian)" title="John Hunt (antiquarian)">John and Gertrude Hunt</a> during their lifetimes. </p><p>The main park in Limerick is the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Limerick)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Park (Limerick)">People's Park</a> which was opened in 1877 in memory of Richard Russell, a prominent local businessman. The park is dominated by the Thomas Spring Rice memorial (MP for the city 1820–1832) and has a large collection of mature <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> and evergreen trees. </p><p>Limerick city centre changed significantly with the construction of several modern high-rise buildings in the early 2000s, in particular as part of the regeneration of the former docks area along the Dock Road. The suburban areas, where the majority of the population now live, have grown out from the centre along the main roads to Ennis (North Circular and Ennis Road areas/<a href="/wiki/Caherdavin" title="Caherdavin">Caherdavin</a>), Dublin (<a href="/wiki/Castletroy" title="Castletroy">Castletroy</a> and the university) and Cork (Ballinacurra/Dooradoyle/Raheen). Suburban houses are generally two-floor semi-detached homes for single families. These were built from the 1950s onwards in large estates by government projects and commercial developments, although there are many examples of Edwardian and older 1930s suburban homes on the main suburban thoroughfares leading towards the city (North & South Circular, Ballinacurra Road, O'Connell Avenue). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Connell_Monument_to_Daniel_O%27Connell_at_O%27Connell_Avenue,_Limerick_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/O%27Connell_Monument_to_Daniel_O%27Connell_at_O%27Connell_Avenue%2C_Limerick_City.jpg/220px-O%27Connell_Monument_to_Daniel_O%27Connell_at_O%27Connell_Avenue%2C_Limerick_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/O%27Connell_Monument_to_Daniel_O%27Connell_at_O%27Connell_Avenue%2C_Limerick_City.jpg/330px-O%27Connell_Monument_to_Daniel_O%27Connell_at_O%27Connell_Avenue%2C_Limerick_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/O%27Connell_Monument_to_Daniel_O%27Connell_at_O%27Connell_Avenue%2C_Limerick_City.jpg/440px-O%27Connell_Monument_to_Daniel_O%27Connell_at_O%27Connell_Avenue%2C_Limerick_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>O'Connell Monument to Daniel O'Connell at The Crescent</figcaption></figure> <p>Limerick city's nightlife is supported by a number of nightclubs and pubs which offer music. For example, Dolan's Warehouse is a small music venue that hosts local, national, and international folk, indie, jazz, rock, and traditional Irish music acts.<sup id="cite_ref-dolans_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dolans-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In County Limerick, <a href="/wiki/Adare" title="Adare">Adare</a> village and the Foynes Flying Boat Museum, approximately 35 km (22 miles/30 minutes) from Limerick City along the scenic coastal N69 route from Limerick to Tralee, are also attractions. <a href="/wiki/Bunratty_Castle" title="Bunratty Castle">Bunratty Castle</a> in County Clare is another local attraction, and is situated 15.4 km north of the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Limerick" title="Economy of Limerick">Economy of Limerick</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RiverPoint.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/RiverPoint.JPG/170px-RiverPoint.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/RiverPoint.JPG/255px-RiverPoint.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/RiverPoint.JPG/340px-RiverPoint.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Riverpoint" title="Riverpoint">Riverpoint</a>, Limerick's tallest building.</figcaption></figure> <p>Limerick is in the region dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Mid-West_Region,_Ireland" title="Mid-West Region, Ireland">the Midwest</a>". Also known as the "Shannon Region", this is primarily an economic and social concept. The region encompasses <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">County Limerick</a>, County Clare, North <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">County Tipperary</a>, Northwest <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">County Kerry</a> and south <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">County Offaly</a>, with its focal point centred on Limerick and its environs within an 8-kilometre (5 mi) radius. </p><p>The city's economic development has been driven in part by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Institute_of_Technology" title="Limerick Institute of Technology">Limerick Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a> in County Clare and <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Development" title="Shannon Development">Shannon Development</a> (an economic development agency), whose precursor was SFADCO (Shannon Free Airport Development Company), an economic agency that provided tax incentives to companies locating in the area surrounding Shannon Airport. Limerick Chamber of Commerce, a representative body for businesses in the region, celebrated its bicentennial/bicentenary in 2015. As of 2015, Limerick had the highest disposable income per person in Ireland outside <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically Limerick was an agricultural commodity-driven economy, due to its position as the first major port along the River Shannon. By the middle of the 18th century, Limerick Port grew to become one of Ireland's principal commercial ports, exporting agricultural produce from the most fertile tracts in Ireland known as the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Vale" title="Golden Vale">Golden Vale</a> as well as produce from the surrounding counties.<sup id="cite_ref-libraryireland.com_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libraryireland.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was one of the main meat processing areas in Ireland, and industries included confectionery and flour production. The city was known for its bacon industry, including the production of <a href="/wiki/Limerick_ham" title="Limerick ham">Limerick ham</a> – however this went into decline in the mid-20th century. The fishing industry in Limerick, based on Clancy's Strand opposite <a href="/wiki/King_John%27s_Castle_(Limerick)" title="King John's Castle (Limerick)">King John's Castle</a> and at Coonagh nearby, once employed hundreds of men.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boat most commonly used was the <a href="/wiki/Gandelow" title="Gandelow">Gandelow</a> which was also used as a small <a href="/wiki/Lighter_(barge)" title="Lighter (barge)">Lighter (barge)</a> to ferry goods to and from larger ships in the port.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s the construction of a dam at <a href="/wiki/Ardnacrusha" title="Ardnacrusha">Ardnacrusha</a> severely impacted salmon breeding and that, and the introduction of quotas, had by the 1950s caused salmon fishing to diminish.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2006, most fishermen had relinquished their drift net licences and the industry can now be said to be dormant.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with other cities in Ireland, several multinational companies are based in Limerick, and the city is a growing recipient of foreign direct investment.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Inc.">Dell</a> had its main European Manufacturing Facility at the Raheen Business Park however in January 2009 Dell announced that it would close its Limerick computer manufacturing plant and move the production lines to Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The facility was the largest Dell manufacturing plant outside the United States and produced 30,000–60,000 units per day for export to the <a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East_and_Africa" title="Europe, the Middle East and Africa">EMEA</a>. Dell remains one of the largest employers in the mid-west with over 1,000 people employed in service and support.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a> has its European manufacturing base in Raheen, 3 km south-west of the city centre. The site employs more than 1,000 people. <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Vistakon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vistakon">Vistakon</a> (the world's largest manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Contact_lenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Contact lenses">contact lenses</a>) has a large facility in <a href="/wiki/Castletroy" title="Castletroy">Castletroy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Plassey,_County_Limerick" title="Plassey, County Limerick">National Technology Park</a> and also employs close to 1,000 people. It is Vistakon's only production facility outside the United States and one of the largest contact-lens manufacturing plants in the world. Cook Medical, the world's largest privately owned Medical Devices company, employs over 800 people in Limerick at the <a href="/wiki/Plassey,_County_Limerick" title="Plassey, County Limerick">National Technology Park</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a> had a profound effect on Limerick. The announcement in 2009 that Dell was to move its manufacturing facility from Limerick to Poland devastated the local economy. 1,900 jobs were lost at Dell and it is believed that for every job that was lost at Dell at least another 4 to 5 were at risk. The closure of the Dell manufacturing facility amounted to 2% of Ireland's national GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The downturn in the construction industry also cost many jobs as did the stalled Limerick regeneration programme which promised investment in Limerick's deprived city areas. As of 2012 unemployment had become a major problem across the city with the unemployment rate in the city at 28.6% which was almost twice the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-limerickleader.ie_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-limerickleader.ie-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Retail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Crescent_Shopping_Centre" title="Crescent Shopping Centre">Crescent Shopping Centre</a> is the largest shopping centre in Ireland, outside of Dublin, and the largest in the province of Munster. It is located in <a href="/wiki/Dooradoyle" title="Dooradoyle">Dooradoyle</a> about 3 km south of the city centre, and has over 90 shopping outlets along with restaurants and a 12-screen Omniplex Cinema. The city centre also has a large retail district which includes a mix of more traditional type of shops as well as some modern <a href="/wiki/High_street" class="mw-redirect" title="High street">high street</a> stores. <a href="/wiki/Cruises_Street,_Limerick" title="Cruises Street, Limerick">Cruises Street</a> is one of the main shopping streets. <a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Street,_Limerick" title="O'Connell Street, Limerick">O'Connell Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Street,_Limerick" title="William Street, Limerick">William Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedford_Row_(Limerick)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford Row (Limerick)">Bedford Row</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Street,_Limerick" title="Thomas Street, Limerick">Thomas Street</a>) are also retail streets within the city. The city centre saw some works on remodeling in the early 21st century, with pedestrianisation works on Bedford Row, Thomas Street and parts of Catherine Street, as well as widening footpaths on William Street.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These works have sought to address a reduction of footfall in the city centre (in turn influencing the closure of many city centre retail businesses) which occurred from the recession of 2008 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retail_parks_and_shopping_centres">Retail parks and shopping centres</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Retail parks and shopping centres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DunnesStore_Limerick.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DunnesStore_Limerick.JPG/220px-DunnesStore_Limerick.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DunnesStore_Limerick.JPG/330px-DunnesStore_Limerick.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DunnesStore_Limerick.JPG/440px-DunnesStore_Limerick.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dunnes_Stores" title="Dunnes Stores">Dunnes Stores</a> in Limerick City</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a> years a number of shopping centres and retail parks opened in suburban areas of Limerick. In addition to the Crescent Shopping Centre, which expanded in the early 2000s, the Jetland Shopping Centre and Childers Road Retail Park opened in the mid-2000s. As of 2017, unfinished retail centres included the <a href="/wiki/Coonagh,_Limerick_City" title="Coonagh, Limerick City">Coonagh</a> Cross retail development<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Parkway Valley Shopping Centre on the Dublin Road.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plans for the Opera Centre, a proposed retail development described as "one of the biggest commercial development sites in the city's history", make up part of the "Limerick 2030" scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Milk_Market">The Milk Market</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: The Milk Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Milk_Market" title="The Milk Market">The Milk Market</a> located at Cornmarket Row in the city centre sells locally produced foods and products and is governed by Limerick Market Trustees.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 work was undertaken to redevelop the existing premises to an all-weather, all year round facility as it operated in an outdoor environment. The work involved constructing a large canopy over the existing market premises and was officially re-opened in June 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Milk Market Project won the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_the_Architects_of_Ireland" title="Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland">Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland</a> (RIAI) 'Peoples Choice Award'.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, a renewable energy strategy was launched for the region, and proposed a 20% reduction in CO<sub>2</sub>-emissions, while ensuring that short-term actions were beneficial to the long-term goal of <a href="/wiki/100%25_renewable_energy" title="100% renewable energy">100% renewable energy</a>. The strategy was completed by the Danish <a href="/wiki/Aalborg_University" title="Aalborg University">Aalborg University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a> is 20 km west of the city in <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>. It is one of Ireland's main airports and is accessible from Limerick via the <a href="/wiki/N18_road_(Ireland)" title="N18 road (Ireland)">N18</a> dual carriageway and from other regions via the <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Tunnel" title="Limerick Tunnel">Limerick Tunnel</a>. It has scheduled flights to European and North American destinations. There is no rail link to the airport. Coonagh airfield, a few kilometres west of <a href="/wiki/Caherdavin" title="Caherdavin">Caherdavin</a>, serves small private aircraft. <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Airport" title="Kerry Airport">Kerry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airports</a> are around 1 hour 30 minutes and 2 hours drive away, respectively. <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Airport" title="Kerry Airport">Kerry Airport</a> is connected via <a href="/wiki/Farranfore_railway_station" title="Farranfore railway station">Farranfore railway station</a> from <a href="/wiki/Limerick_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick railway station">Limerick railway station</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Citylink" title="Irish Citylink">Irish Citylink</a> provide a direct service to Cork Airport<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bus_Limerick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bus_Limerick.jpg/220px-Bus_Limerick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bus_Limerick.jpg/330px-Bus_Limerick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bus_Limerick.jpg/440px-Bus_Limerick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>City Centre bus service</figcaption></figure> <p>Local public transport is provided by several companies. <a href="/wiki/Bus_%C3%89ireann" title="Bus Éireann">Bus Éireann</a>, Ireland's state-owned bus company, operates a number of services subsidised by the National Transport Authority, while a number of provide operators also run commercial bus services in and around Limerick. An updated city bus network was introduced in Limerick City in December 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which introduced new routes.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2019, Bus Éireann further changed and improved the Limerick City timetable, including increased frequency and later operating times. </p><p>Other rural buses run to towns and villages in the county and to <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a>. There are also a number of Intercity and international buses from Bus Éireann's <a href="/wiki/Bus_station" title="Bus station">bus terminal</a> adjoining <a href="/wiki/Limerick_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick railway station">Limerick Colbert railway station</a>. These include hourly services to <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>. Bus Éireann has also commenced a Limerick to Galway Express service traveling on the <a href="/wiki/M18_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M18 motorway (Ireland)">M18</a> in addition to the regular service. Buses run every 2 hours to <a href="/wiki/Tralee" title="Tralee">Tralee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Killarney" title="Killarney">Killarney</a>. There are also regular daily services to <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a>, and a daily service to London via the ferry from <a href="/wiki/Rosslare_Europort" title="Rosslare Europort">Rosslare Europort</a>. </p><p>There are some private bus companies in operation providing city and intercity services. Dublin Coach provides the <a href="/wiki/M7_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M7 motorway (Ireland)">M7</a> express service which operates every hour from Arthur's Quay which goes to Dublin or Ennis.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JJ Kavanagh also provide Dublin to Limerick services from Arthur's Quay. Citylink runs a number of services from Limerick to Galway, Cork and Cork Airport and operate from Henry Street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limerick-0103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Limerick-0103.jpg/220px-Limerick-0103.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Limerick-0103.jpg/330px-Limerick-0103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Limerick-0103.jpg/440px-Limerick-0103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Colbert station, Parnell Street</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann" title="Iarnród Éireann">Iarnród Éireann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Limerick_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick railway station">Limerick Colbert station</a> is the railway hub for the city and the Mid-West Region with a number of intercity and commuter rail services. <a href="/wiki/Limerick_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick railway station">Limerick railway station</a> opened on 28 August 1858, replacing an earlier temporary station a short distance away, which had operated from 9 May 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following <a href="/wiki/InterCity_(Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann)" title="InterCity (Iarnród Éireann)">inter city</a> routes are available from <a href="/wiki/Limerick_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick railway station">Limerick Colbert station</a> : </p> <ul><li><b>Limerick to Dublin Heuston</b>: 16 services daily including 4 direct services. All remaining Dublin – Limerick services require passengers to change to the <a href="/wiki/Dublin-Cork_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin-Cork railway line">Dublin to Cork</a> train at either <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction_railway_station" title="Limerick Junction railway station">Limerick Junction</a> or at <a href="/wiki/Ballybrophy_railway_station" title="Ballybrophy railway station">Ballybrophy railway station</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Limerick-Rosslare_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick-Rosslare railway line">Limerick to Waterford</a></b>: 2 services daily (but none on Sundays). Passengers must change train at <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction_railway_station" title="Limerick Junction railway station">Limerick Junction</a> to continue to Waterford with stations at <a href="/wiki/Tipperary_railway_station" title="Tipperary railway station">Tipperary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cahir_railway_station" title="Cahir railway station">Cahir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clonmel_railway_station" title="Clonmel railway station">Clonmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrick-on-Suir" title="Carrick-on-Suir">Carrick-on-Suir</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Corridor" title="Western Railway Corridor">Limerick to Galway</a></b>: 5 services daily. This service reopened on 29 March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Limerick to Cork</b>: Passengers can travel between Limerick and <a href="/wiki/Cork_Kent_railway_station" title="Cork Kent railway station">Cork</a> via <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction_railway_station" title="Limerick Junction railway station">Limerick Junction</a>. There is no direct service.</li> <li><b>Limerick to Killarney, Farranfore and Tralee</b>: Passengers can travel between Limerick and <a href="/wiki/Killarney_railway_station" title="Killarney railway station">Killarney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farranfore_railway_station" title="Farranfore railway station">Farranfore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tralee_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tralee railway station">Tralee</a> via <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction_railway_station" title="Limerick Junction railway station">Limerick Junction</a> where trains run via <a href="/wiki/Mallow_railway_station" title="Mallow railway station">Mallow</a> to reach County Kerry.</li></ul> <p>There are 3 suburban/commuter services in the <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Suburban_Rail" title="Limerick Suburban Rail">Limerick Suburban Rail</a> network: </p> <ul><li><b>Limerick – Ennis</b> calling at <a href="/wiki/Sixmilebridge" title="Sixmilebridge">Sixmilebridge</a></li> <li><b>Limerick – Nenagh</b> calling at <a href="/wiki/Castleconnell" title="Castleconnell">Castleconnell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birdhill" title="Birdhill">Birdhill</a> (with some services continuing to <a href="/wiki/Cloughjordan" title="Cloughjordan">Cloughjordan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roscrea" title="Roscrea">Roscrea</a> & connecting to the <a href="/wiki/Dublin-Cork_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin-Cork railway line">Dublin-Cork railway line</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ballybrophy_railway_station" title="Ballybrophy railway station">Ballybrophy</a>.) Due to speed restrictions, this alternative Dublin – Limerick route can take 60 minutes longer (with a change at <a href="/wiki/Ballybrophy_railway_station" title="Ballybrophy railway station">Ballybrophy</a>) than by <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction_railway_station" title="Limerick Junction railway station">Limerick Junction</a> albeit a more direct service.</li> <li><b>Limerick – <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction_railway_station" title="Limerick Junction railway station">Limerick Junction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thurles_railway_station" title="Thurles railway station">Thurles</a></b></li></ul> <p>There are also some disused railway lines including the <a href="/wiki/Limerick%E2%80%93Foynes_railway_line" title="Limerick–Foynes railway line">Limerick to Foynes line</a> which closed to freight in the early 2000s, having lost passenger services in the early 1960s, although the track is still in situ. This is the last remaining part of the North Kerry Line which closed to passenger traffic in the early 1960s and to freight traffic (other than Limerick – Foynes) in the mid-1970s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann" title="Iarnród Éireann">Iarnród Éireann</a> commenced works to reopen the former Limerick–Foynes line for freight traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, these works were projected to be completed by 2025, with freight operations due to commence from early 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limerick_-_Thomond_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_331738.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Limerick_-_Thomond_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_331738.jpg/220px-Limerick_-_Thomond_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_331738.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Limerick_-_Thomond_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_331738.jpg/330px-Limerick_-_Thomond_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_331738.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Limerick_-_Thomond_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_331738.jpg/440px-Limerick_-_Thomond_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_331738.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Thomond Bridge over the River Shannon</figcaption></figure> <p>Limerick's central location in the midwest of Ireland means many national primary routes converge on the city.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/M7_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M7 motorway (Ireland)">M7</a> (Dublin), <a href="/wiki/N18_road_(Ireland)" title="N18 road (Ireland)">N/M18</a> (Galway, Ennis, Shannon), <a href="/wiki/N20_road_(Ireland)" title="N20 road (Ireland)">N/M20</a> (Cork), <a href="/wiki/N21_road_(Ireland)" title="N21 road (Ireland)">N21</a> (Tralee) and <a href="/wiki/N24_road_(Ireland)" title="N24 road (Ireland)">N24</a> (Waterford) routes all start/terminate in or near the city. Road infrastructure is further supplemented by the southern ring road and <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Tunnel" title="Limerick Tunnel">Limerick Tunnel</a> bypass of the city and the M20 bypass of Dooradoyle and Raheen to the south of the city. Connections to the other cities were improved with the completion of the <a href="/wiki/M7_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M7 motorway (Ireland)">M7 motorway</a> in December 2010, and continuing upgrades ongoing to the N/M18 to Shannon, Ennis, Galway, and Tuam – the final section opened in September 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A motorway is also planned between Cork and Limerick, with a proposed completion date in the mid-2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterway_transport">Waterway transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Waterway transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, waterway transport has been key to Limerick's development. Vikings established the city as a maritime trading port. The city's position on a major Irish river system, the <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">Shannon</a>, enabled transport to the midlands of Ireland and further north and west. By the 18th century with the opening of canal systems throughout Ireland, Limerick Port established itself as Ireland's premier commercial port on the western side of the country. This was enabled by the ease of access facilitated by the opening of canals but most importantly to the River Shannon. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a> in the 18th century provided further access to Dublin and the east of the country. There are also a number of disused canals in the vicinity of the city including the Park Canal & the Passey – Errina Canal on the old Limerick navigation. Waterway transport on the Shannon was regularly used to transport goods from Limerick to Dublin and vice versa however this mode of transport fell into decline in the 20th century. Originally Limerick port was located near the confluence of the Abbey and Shannon rivers at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Island,_Limerick" title="King's Island, Limerick">King's Island</a>. Today the <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Foynes_Port" title="Shannon Foynes Port">Shannon Foynes Port</a> is located further downstream on the Shannon alongside the Dock Road. This general-purpose facility port is operated by the Shannon Foynes Port Company which operates all marine activities in the Shannon estuary.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Limerick_Plassey_House.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/University_of_Limerick_Plassey_House.jpeg/220px-University_of_Limerick_Plassey_House.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/University_of_Limerick_Plassey_House.jpeg/330px-University_of_Limerick_Plassey_House.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/University_of_Limerick_Plassey_House.jpeg/440px-University_of_Limerick_Plassey_House.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Plassey House at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LITPanorama.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/LITPanorama.JPG/220px-LITPanorama.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/LITPanorama.JPG/330px-LITPanorama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/LITPanorama.JPG/440px-LITPanorama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Institute_of_Technology" title="Limerick Institute of Technology">Limerick Institute of Technology</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Limerick is a centre of higher education in the region, and technical and continuation education within the city traces its beginning back to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Athenaeum" title="Limerick Athenaeum">Limerick Athenaeum</a> Society in 1852, marking the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Institute_of_Technology" title="Limerick Institute of Technology">Limerick Institute of Technology</a>. The Society's aims included "the promotion of Literature, Science, Art and Music".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limerick is now home to a number of higher-education institutions including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Institute_of_Technology" title="Limerick Institute of Technology">Limerick Institute of Technology</a> (one of the two constituent campuses of the <a href="/wiki/Technological_University_of_the_Shannon:_Midlands_Midwest" title="Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest">Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Immaculate_College" title="Mary Immaculate College">Mary Immaculate College</a> and has a student population of over 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The University of Limerick (UL) has a student population of over 17,000 and is about 5 km east of the city centre, in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Castletroy" title="Castletroy">Castletroy</a>. It was established as the National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE) in 1972, and in 1989 was the first university to be established since the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">State</a> in 1922. Its academic programs include courses in engineering, information technology, <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_science" title="Sports science">sports science</a>, humanities, teacher education, social sciences and music. In 2007, the university opened a medical school. The Irish World Music Centre specialises in traditional music and dance, and UL is host to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Chamber_Orchestra" title="Irish Chamber Orchestra">Irish Chamber Orchestra</a>. The campus includes a 50m Olympic-standard swimming complex, the first to be established in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campus has one of the longest footbridges in Europe, "<a href="/wiki/The_Living_Bridge" title="The Living Bridge">The Living Bridge</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomond_College_of_Education,_Limerick" title="Thomond College of Education, Limerick">Thomond College of Education, Limerick</a> was a teacher training college for secondary level and was integrated into the university in 1991. </p><p>Limerick Institute of Technology (LIT) has a student population of approximately 7,000 and is a centre for undergraduate and postgraduate education in business, engineering, information technology, humanities, science, and art education. In October 2021, it merged with <a href="/wiki/Athlone_IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Athlone IT">Athlone IT</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Technological_University_of_the_Shannon:_Midlands_Midwest" title="Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest">Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest</a>, in 2021/2022.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main campus is located at Moylish Park, about 3 kilometres north-west of the city centre, and the <a href="/wiki/Limerick_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="Limerick School of Art and Design">Limerick School of Art and Design</a> is located on campuses at Clare Street and George's Quay. Additional facilities and outreach centres are located at O'Connell Street and in Ennis, County Clare and LIT has two campuses in County Tipperary, LIT Thurles and LIT Clonmel. These were formerly the campuses of the <a href="/wiki/Tipperary_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipperary Institute">Tipperary Institute</a> which merged with LIT in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LIT was originally established in 1852 as a School of Ornamental Art. In the mid-1970s it was incorporated as the Limerick College of Art, Commerce & Technology (CoACT) and achieved the designation of a Regional Technical College (RTC) in 1993 and finally an <a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_Technology_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutes of Technology in Ireland">Institute of Technology</a> in 1997. LIT has connections with several enterprise centres.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary Immaculate College is an education and arts college located just southwest of the city centre. The main focus is on the education of primary-level teachers. Mary Immaculate College is a constituent college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Griffith_College_Limerick" title="Griffith College Limerick">Griffith College Limerick</a> (GCL) is a private college in Limerick. The college was established in 2006 when the Mid-West Business Institute was acquired by Griffith College. The college runs full-time and part-time courses in accountancy, business, law, engineering, computing, and IT and has a range of part-time courses available. </p><p>Primary and secondary education in the city is organised similarly to the rest of Ireland. The Limerick and Clare Education and Training Board (formerly the City of Limerick Vocational Education Committee) provides education services for over 25,000 learners in the city at secondary and further education levels. It also runs Gaelcholáiste Luimnigh, an all-Irish language secondary school. The other main secondary schools in the city are <a href="/wiki/Castletroy_College" title="Castletroy College">Castletroy College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crescent_College" title="Crescent College">Crescent College</a> Comprehensive, Thomond Community College, and <a href="/wiki/Villiers_Secondary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Villiers Secondary School">Villiers</a> which are all <a href="/wiki/Coeducation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeducation">co-educational</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ardscoil_R%C3%ADs,_Limerick" title="Ardscoil Rís, Limerick">Ardscoil Rís</a>, St. Clements Redemptorist College, <a href="/wiki/CBS_Sexton_Street" title="CBS Sexton Street">CBS Sexton Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Munchin%27s_College" title="St Munchin's College">St Munchin's College</a> are boys-only schools. <a href="/wiki/Laurel_Hill_Col%C3%A1iste" title="Laurel Hill Coláiste">Laurel Hill Coláiste</a>, The Presentation, Ard Scoil Mhuire, and Scoil Carmel are girls-only schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a>, and association football are popular sporting pastimes in Limerick. The city and suburbs also have many tennis, athletics, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and golf clubs. The city is host to many large sporting events. Examples in the 21st century include the 2008 and 2009 Irish Open Golf Championships, the 2010 Irish <a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a>, the All-Ireland Corporate Games, and the World <a href="/wiki/Baton_twirling" title="Baton twirling">Baton twirling</a> Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limerick was designated as a European City of Sport for 2011 by the European Capitals of Sport Association (ACES).<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Elite Swimming Club is based at The University of Limerick Arena. Former World Boxing Champion, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Lee_(boxer)" title="Andy Lee (boxer)">Andy Lee</a>, who held the <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Organization" title="World Boxing Organization">WBO</a> <a href="/wiki/Middleweight" title="Middleweight">middleweight</a> title from 2014 to 2015, trained at St. Francis Boxing Club on Mungret Street in Limerick.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Basketball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar to the rest of Ireland, basketball was a popular sport in Limerick during the 1970s and 1980s, with up to four divisions in the men's and women's local leagues. It suffered a decline during the 1990s culminating in the complete demise of local league basketball in the city and surrounding areas. The main clubs in the city were St. Colm's and Marathon with St. Colm's, in particular, having a long history in the National Leagues.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Limerick is currently represented in the <a href="/wiki/Premier_League_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier League (Ireland)">National Leagues</a> by the men's <a href="/wiki/UL_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="UL Eagles">UL Eagles</a> team and the women's UL Aughinish team. They both play their home games at the 2,500-capacity University Arena at the University of Limerick. There are several other teams at the school and club level, including St. Colm's, Limerick Lakers, Taste of Europe, Limerick Celtic, and <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick Lions">Limerick Lions</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket">Cricket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Cricket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Cricket_Club" title="Limerick Cricket Club">Limerick Cricket Club</a> is a member of the Munster Cricket Union and plays in competitions organised by the Union. The club has in the past provided players for the <a href="/wiki/Ireland_national_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Ireland national cricket team">Ireland national cricket team</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rowing">Rowing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Rowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four rowing clubs are located in the city, namely <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Boat_Club" title="Limerick Boat Club">Limerick Boat Club</a>, Shannon Rowing Club, <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Rowing_Club" title="St Michael's Rowing Club">St Michael's Rowing Club</a>, and Athlunkard Boat Club. St Michael's member and Limerick native <a href="/wiki/Sam_Lynch" title="Sam Lynch">Sam Lynch</a> won the <a href="/wiki/World_Rowing_Championships" title="World Rowing Championships">World Rowing Championships</a> gold medal in the Men's Lightweight Single Sculls in 2001 and 2002. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaelic_games">Gaelic games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Gaelic games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sporting_Limerick_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/Sporting_Limerick_Logo.jpg/220px-Sporting_Limerick_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Sporting_Limerick_Logo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>Limerick jersey with Sporting Limerick Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>Ireland's national sports of <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> are widely played in the city and its surrounding suburbs. The <a href="/wiki/Limerick_county_hurling_team" title="Limerick county hurling team">Limerick county hurling team</a> are the <a href="/wiki/2022_All-Ireland_Senior_Hurling_Championship" title="2022 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship">current All-Ireland champions</a>, has won the last four senior hurling championships in a row, and are <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Hurling_Championship_records_and_statistics#General_performances" title="All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship records and statistics">of the top four teams in the country historically</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Na_Piarsaigh_GAA_(Limerick)" title="Na Piarsaigh GAA (Limerick)">Na Piarsaigh</a> is the only city club <a href="/wiki/2022_Limerick_Senior_Hurling_Championship" title="2022 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship">currently</a> playing hurling at senior level. <a href="/wiki/Claughaun_GAA" title="Claughaun GAA">Claughaun</a> (Clochán), Monaleen (Móin a'Lín) and Mungret (Mungairit) compete at intermediate level and Old Christians (Sean-Chríostaithe), Milford (Áth an Mhuilinn), Saint Patrick's (Naomh Pádraig) and Abbey Sarsfields (Sáirséalaigh na Mainistreach) compete at junior level. </p><p>Limerick won the first <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Football Championship">All-Ireland Senior Football Championship</a> in 1887 when represented by the city's Commercials club and repeated the feat in 1896. Since then, the game has lived mostly in the shadow of hurling but a resurgence in 2000 saw the county win its first Munster Under-21 title and has since reached three Munster Senior finals. Monaleen (Móin a'Lín) is the only city club to play football in the senior grade. Saint Patrick's (Naomh Pádraig), Claughaun (An Clochán), Mungret St. Paul's (Mungairit Naomh Pól) and <a href="/wiki/Na_Piarsaigh_GAA_(Limerick)" title="Na Piarsaigh GAA (Limerick)">Na Piarsaigh</a> are at intermediate level and Milford (Áth a Mhuilinn), Abbey Sarsfields (Sáirséalaigh na Mainstreach) and Ballinacurra Gaels (Gaeil Bhaile na Cora) play at junior level. </p><p>Some secondary school's compete in the <a href="/wiki/Dr._Harty_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Harty Cup">Dr. Harty Cup</a>, which is the Munster Colleges Hurling Championship. Limerick CBS has won the cup on 10 occasions, including four in a row from 1964 to 1967 and most recently in 1993. The school also won the <a href="/wiki/Dr._Croke_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Croke Cup">Dr. Croke Cup</a>, the All-Ireland Colleges Hurling Championship, on two occasions, in 1964 and 1966. Ardscoil Rís has won the championship on five occasions, in 2010, 2011, 2013,2015, and 2021 and St. Munchin's College won it once, in 1922. </p><p>Both the University of Limerick (UL) and Limerick Institute of Technology (LIT) have been successful in the <a href="/wiki/Fitzgibbon_Cup" title="Fitzgibbon Cup">Fitzgibbon Cup</a>, the All-Ireland Higher Education Hurling Championship. UL first won the championship in 1989 and has won it four times in all. LIT's two wins came in 2005 and 2007. Both of the colleges met in the final in 2011, with UL scoring an injury-time goal to win.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Limerick's <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Grounds" title="Gaelic Grounds">Gaelic Grounds</a> (Páirc na nGael), on the Ennis Road, is the county team's home venue for both sports and has a capacity of 49,000 following reconstruction in 2004. In 1961 it hosted Ireland's biggest crowd for a sporting event outside <a href="/wiki/Croke_Park" title="Croke Park">Croke Park</a> when over 61,000 paid to see the Munster hurling final between Tipperary and Cork.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golf">Golf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Golf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three golf clubs associated with Limerick city. <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Golf_Club" title="Limerick Golf Club">Limerick Golf Club</a> was founded in 1891 and is located at Ballyclough, 5 kilometres (3 mi) due south of the city centre. Castletroy Golf Club was founded in 1937 and is located in the suburb of Castletroy in the southwest of the city. Rathbane Golf Club is based at Rathbane Golf Course, a municipal facility opened in 1998 on the southern outskirts of the city and operated under a licence for Limerick City Council. Limerick has won the Irish Senior Cup, the blue riband event of Irish amateur golf, on four occasions and was the first Irish club to win the European Club Championship, in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Castletroy has won the Irish Senior Cup once. </p><p>Limerick Golf Club was host to the JP McManus Invitational Pro-Am, one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Pro-am" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-am">pro-am</a> events of its kind in the world. It has contributed over €95m to local charities since its inception in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event moved to the larger <a href="/wiki/Adare_Golf_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Adare Golf Club">Adare Golf Club</a> in 2005 as it had outgrown the Ballyclough venue.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adare also played host to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Open_(golf)" title="Irish Open (golf)">Irish Open</a> in 2007 and 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby">Rugby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Rugby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munster_rugby_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Munster_rugby_2006.jpg/220px-Munster_rugby_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Munster_rugby_2006.jpg/330px-Munster_rugby_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Munster_rugby_2006.jpg/440px-Munster_rugby_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Munster fans in Limerick during the 2006 Heineken Cup</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> is popular in the city and is widely played at all levels, with Limerick sometimes referred to as the "spiritual home of Irish rugby".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two-time European champions <a href="/wiki/Munster_Rugby" title="Munster Rugby">Munster</a> play most home matches at <a href="/wiki/Thomond_Park" title="Thomond Park">Thomond Park</a>, where they held a record of being unbeaten in the <a href="/wiki/Heineken_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Heineken Cup">Heineken Cup</a> for 26 consecutive games until the 16–9 defeat by Leicester in January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Munster recorded a famous 12–0 victory against the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">All Blacks</a> in 1978 at Thomond Park and came close a second time when the teams met in 2008, losing 18–16.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Munster also defeated an Australian touring side at Thomond Park in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Maori_All_Blacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori All Blacks">Maori All Blacks</a> 27-14 in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its inception in 1991 the <a href="/wiki/AIB_League" class="mw-redirect" title="AIB League">All-Ireland League</a> has been dominated by Limerick City teams, with three clubs winning the competition 13 times between them: <a href="/wiki/Shannon_RFC" title="Shannon RFC">Shannon</a> (9); <a href="/wiki/Garryowen_Football_Club" title="Garryowen Football Club">Garryowen</a> (3) and <a href="/wiki/Young_Munster" title="Young Munster">Young Munster</a> (1). Other senior rugby clubs in the city include <a href="/wiki/Old_Crescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Crescent">Old Crescent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomond_RFC" title="Thomond RFC">Thomond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/UL_Bohemians" class="mw-redirect" title="UL Bohemians">UL Bohemians</a>. Richmond and St. Mary's are city clubs playing in the junior leagues. </p><p>The city's secondary schools compete in the <a href="/wiki/Munster_Schools_Senior_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Munster Schools Senior Cup">Munster Senior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munster_Schools_Junior_Cup" title="Munster Schools Junior Cup">Junior</a> Cups and a number of schools have had notable success at both levels. The most successful rugby school in the city is <a href="/wiki/Crescent_College" title="Crescent College">Crescent College</a>, eleven-time Senior Cup and five-time Junior Cup winners. The school is affiliated with Old Crescent RFC. <a href="/wiki/St_Munchin%27s_College" title="St Munchin's College">St. Munchin's</a> has won the Senior Cup five times since 1968 and the Junior Cup three times. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Sexton_Street" title="CBS Sexton Street">Limerick CBS</a> won the Senior Cup on four occasions in the 1920s and 1930s and the Junior Cup in 1932. <a href="/wiki/Ardscoil_R%C3%ADs,_Limerick" title="Ardscoil Rís, Limerick">Ardscoil Rís</a> has won the Junior Cup twice, in 2003 and 2005 and <a href="/wiki/Castletroy_College" title="Castletroy College">Castletroy College</a> won both senior and junior competitions in 2008. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomond_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thomond_Park.jpg/220px-Thomond_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thomond_Park.jpg/330px-Thomond_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thomond_Park.jpg/440px-Thomond_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomond_Park" title="Thomond Park">Thomond Park</a> is the home grounds of <a href="/wiki/Munster_Rugby" title="Munster Rugby">Munster Rugby</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Thomond_Park" title="Thomond Park">Thomond Park</a> hosted <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Rugby_League_World_Cup" title="2013 Rugby League World Cup">2013 Rugby League World Cup</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an academy was briefly set up in 2011 to identify Irish players to play for <a href="/wiki/Super_League" title="Super League">Super League</a> clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic rugby league was formerly played in Limerick, with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_City_Titans" title="Treaty City Titans">Treaty City Titans</a> representing the city in the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Rugby_League_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ireland Rugby League Championship">All-Ireland Rugby League Championship</a>. The Titans were Irish champions eight times between 2005 and 2015, but as of 2023 the team is defunct. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_football">Association football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Association football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Association football is popular in the city and suburbs, and the city was historically represented in the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland" title="League of Ireland">League of Ireland</a> by <a href="/wiki/Limerick_F.C." title="Limerick F.C.">Limerick FC</a>. The club first joined the league in 1937. There have been a number of variations of the club, and their most successful period was from the 1960s to the 1980s when they won two League of Ireland championships and two <a href="/wiki/FAI_Cup" title="FAI Cup">FAI Cups</a>. The club played at <a href="/wiki/Markets_Field" title="Markets Field">Markets Field</a> until the mid-1980s when they controversially moved to a new venue.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limerick FC returned to the Markets Field in June 2015, following the purchase of the venue by the Limerick Enterprise Development Partnership (LEDP) from <a href="/wiki/Bord_na_gCon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bord na gCon">Bord na gCon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the club suffered a financial collapse in 2019 and lost its licence.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In place of Limerick FC, a new club called <a href="/wiki/Treaty_United_F.C." title="Treaty United F.C.">Treaty United F.C.</a> was created. The women's team, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_United_W.F.C." title="Treaty United W.F.C.">Treaty United W.F.C.</a>, began playing in the 2020 season of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_League_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's National League (Ireland)">Women's National League</a>. The men's team was not able to begin playing until the 2021 season, joining the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland_First_Division" title="League of Ireland First Division">League of Ireland First Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horse_racing">Horse racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Horse racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Racecourse" title="Limerick Racecourse">Limerick Racecourse</a> is located 10km outside the city at Greenmount, Patrickswell and holds <a href="/wiki/Flat_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat racing">flat</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Hunt_racing" title="National Hunt racing">National Hunt</a> meetings throughout the year. </p><p>The racecourse superseded <a href="/wiki/Greenpark_Racecourse" title="Greenpark Racecourse">Greenpark Racecourse</a>, a course inside the city, which closed in 1999 after 130 years of racing.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the Republic of Ireland">List of twin towns and sister cities in the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <p>Limerick is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Township,_Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Limerick Township</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a>, United States</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photos">Photos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Photos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LimerickCity_KingJohnsCastle_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King John's Castle on the River Shannon"><img alt="King John's Castle on the River Shannon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/LimerickCity_KingJohnsCastle_2010.jpg/380px-LimerickCity_KingJohnsCastle_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/LimerickCity_KingJohnsCastle_2010.jpg/570px-LimerickCity_KingJohnsCastle_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/LimerickCity_KingJohnsCastle_2010.jpg/760px-LimerickCity_KingJohnsCastle_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King John's Castle on the River Shannon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StJohnsCastleLimerick.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomond Bridge and King John's Castle"><img alt="Thomond Bridge and King John's Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/StJohnsCastleLimerick.jpg/274px-StJohnsCastleLimerick.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/StJohnsCastleLimerick.jpg/411px-StJohnsCastleLimerick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/StJohnsCastleLimerick.jpg/548px-StJohnsCastleLimerick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="421" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thomond Bridge and King John's Castle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The quay in Limerick City"><img alt="The quay in Limerick City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg/271px-LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg/406px-LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg/542px-LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The quay in Limerick City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty-Stone-Limerick-2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Treaty Stone on the banks of the River Shannon"><img alt="Treaty Stone on the banks of the River Shannon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Treaty-Stone-Limerick-2012.JPG/228px-Treaty-Stone-Limerick-2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="152" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Treaty-Stone-Limerick-2012.JPG/342px-Treaty-Stone-Limerick-2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Treaty-Stone-Limerick-2012.JPG/455px-Treaty-Stone-Limerick-2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4180" data-file-height="3305" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Treaty Stone on the banks of the River Shannon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LimerickCity_StMarysCathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Mary's Cathedral"><img alt="St. Mary's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/LimerickCity_StMarysCathedral.jpg/271px-LimerickCity_StMarysCathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/LimerickCity_StMarysCathedral.jpg/406px-LimerickCity_StMarysCathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/LimerickCity_StMarysCathedral.jpg/542px-LimerickCity_StMarysCathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Mary's Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 322px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 320px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LimerickCity_BishopsQuay.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limerick on the River Shannon as viewed from Bishop's Quay"><img alt="Limerick on the River Shannon as viewed from Bishop's Quay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LimerickCity_BishopsQuay.jpg/480px-LimerickCity_BishopsQuay.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LimerickCity_BishopsQuay.jpg/720px-LimerickCity_BishopsQuay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LimerickCity_BishopsQuay.jpg/960px-LimerickCity_BishopsQuay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Limerick on the River Shannon as viewed from Bishop's Quay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UniversityOfLimerick_AntonyGormley.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture by Antony Gormley in the Central Plaza of the University of Limerick"><img alt="Sculpture by Antony Gormley in the Central Plaza of the University of Limerick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/UniversityOfLimerick_AntonyGormley.jpeg/271px-UniversityOfLimerick_AntonyGormley.jpeg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/UniversityOfLimerick_AntonyGormley.jpeg/406px-UniversityOfLimerick_AntonyGormley.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/UniversityOfLimerick_AntonyGormley.jpeg/542px-UniversityOfLimerick_AntonyGormley.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Antony_Gormley" title="Antony Gormley">Antony Gormley</a> in the Central Plaza of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/48px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/64px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Limerick_people" title="List of Limerick people">List of Limerick people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland">List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Limerick" title="List of public art in Limerick">List of public art in Limerick</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140425060336/http://www.limerick.com/about">"About Limerick"</a>. Limerick.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerick.com/about">the original</a> on 25 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Limerick&rft.pub=Limerick.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerick.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cso2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.cso.ie/table/F1013">"Census 2022 Profile 1 - Population Distribution and Movement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">Central Statistics Office</a>. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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RTÉ News. 30 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510005617/http://www.rte.ie/news/2011/0630/census.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Census+reveals+Irish+population+now+over+4.58m&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2011%2F0630%2Fcensus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polishbank-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Polishbank_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://breakingnews.ie/2006/12/07/story288413.html">Limerick may get Polish bank</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165012/http://breakingnews.ie/2006/12/07/story288413.html">Archived</a> 30 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – breakingnews.ie 7 December 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-limerickleader.ie-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-limerickleader.ie_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-limerickleader.ie_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley2012" class="citation news cs1">Hurley, David (2 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130704192626/http://www.limerickleader.ie/news/limerick-estates-are-unemployment-blackspots-1-4010085">"Limerick estates are unemployment blackspots"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Leader" title="Limerick Leader">Limerick Leader</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerickleader.ie/news/limerick-estates-are-unemployment-blackspots-1-4010085">the original</a> on 4 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Limerick+estates+are+unemployment+blackspots&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2Flimerick-estates-are-unemployment-blackspots-1-4010085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visual.cso.ie/?body=entity/ima/cop/2022&boundary=C04160V04929&guid=fe12eecc-1fac-4b44-9c3d-54e9d080f92e">"Interactive Data Visualisations | CSO Ireland"</a>. <i>visual.cso.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visual.cso.ie&rft.atitle=Interactive+Data+Visualisations+%7C+CSO+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisual.cso.ie%2F%3Fbody%3Dentity%2Fima%2Fcop%2F2022%26boundary%3DC04160V04929%26guid%3Dfe12eecc-1fac-4b44-9c3d-54e9d080f92e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visual.cso.ie/?body=entity/ima/cop/2022&boundary=C04160V04929&guid=fe12eecc-1fac-4b44-9c3d-54e9d080f92e&theme=1">"Interactive Data Visualisations | CSO Ireland"</a>. <i>visual.cso.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/asset?id=6610">the original</a> on 13 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+the+Mayors+and+Sheriffs+of+Limerick+City+%E2%80%93+1197%E2%80%93present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Fasset%3Fid%3D6610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606045428/http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/local_and_regional_government/local_authorities.html">"Local authorities"</a>. <i>citizensinformation.ie</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citizensinformation.ie&rft.atitle=Local+authorities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizensinformation.ie%2Fen%2Fgovernment_in_ireland%2Flocal_and_regional_government%2Flocal_authorities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071118205144/http://www.limerickcitydb.ie/CDBInfo/Strategy/documents/Strat%20for%20Eco%20Irish.pdf">"Limerick City Development Board – Strategy for Economic and Social Development"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerickcitydb.ie/CDBInfo/Strategy/documents/Strat%20for%20Eco%20Irish.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limerick+City+Development+Board+%E2%80%93+Strategy+for+Economic+and+Social+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickcitydb.ie%2FCDBInfo%2FStrategy%2Fdocuments%2FStrat%2520for%2520Eco%2520Irish.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irishstatutebook.ie-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-irishstatutebook.ie_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irishstatutebook.ie_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/pdf/2014/en.si.2014.0056.pdf">"Statutory Instruments S.I. No. 56 of 2014 City and County of Limerick Electoral Areas and Municipal Districts Order 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140509060411/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/pdf/2014/en.si.2014.0056.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statutory+Instruments+S.I.+No.+56+of+2014+City+and+County+of+Limerick+Electoral+Areas+and+Municipal+Districts+Order+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Fpdf%2F2014%2Fen.si.2014.0056.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625124440/http://www.limerickcity.ie/YourCouncil/ElectedMembers/Elections23rdMay2014/">"Elections 23rd May 2014"</a>. Limerick City Council. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elections+23rd+May+2014&rft.pub=Limerick+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickcity.ie%2FYourCouncil%2FElectedMembers%2FElections23rdMay2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/limerick-city-and-county-council-first-muslim-councillor-elected-1.3890457">"Limerick City and County Council: First Muslim councillor elected"</a>. The Irish Times. 25 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028045032/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/limerick-city-and-county-council-first-muslim-councillor-elected-1.3890457">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limerick+City+and+County+Council%3A+First+Muslim+councillor+elected&rft.pub=The+Irish+Times&rft.date=2019-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Flimerick-city-and-county-council-first-muslim-councillor-elected-1.3890457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LK_climate_data-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LK_climate_data_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/1981-2010/shannon.html">met.ie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708024535/http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/1981-2010/shannon.html">Archived</a> 8 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a>); see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229071205/http://www.met.ie/climate/shannonairport.asp">"Shannon Airport (Weather Observing Stations)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=EVA+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eva.ie%2Fabout-eva%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limetreetheatre.ie">"Lime Tree Theatre – Limericks Premier Live Venue"</a>. <i>Lime Tree Theatre</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210721113255/https://limetreetheatre.ie/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lime+Tree+Theatre&rft.atitle=Lime+Tree+Theatre+%E2%80%93+Limericks+Premier+Live+Venue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limetreetheatre.ie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0226/369725-limerick-belltable-liquidation/">Belltable Arts Centre goes into liquidation – RTÉ News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194053/http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0226/369725-limerick-belltable-liquidation/">Archived</a> 2 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 23 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoulfe2008" class="citation web cs1">Woulfe, Jimmy (19 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20055567.html">"High drama with your chips?"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=High+drama+with+your+chips%3F&rft.date=2008-02-19&rft.aulast=Woulfe&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-20055567.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtheatre.ie/company-page.aspx?companyid=30387">"Bottom Dog Theatre Company – Companies – Irish Theatre"</a>. <i>www.irishtheatre.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.irishtheatre.ie&rft.atitle=Bottom+Dog+Theatre+Company+%E2%80%93+Companies+%E2%80%93+Irish+Theatre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtheatre.ie%2Fcompany-page.aspx%3Fcompanyid%3D30387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://limerickwriterscentre.com/about/">"A Few Words About Us"</a>. Limerick Writers' Centre. 19 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613213257/https://limerickwriterscentre.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Few+Words+About+Us&rft.pub=Limerick+Writers%27+Centre&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flimerickwriterscentre.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frankmccmuseum.wix.com/frankmccourtmuseum#!about-us/c1enr">"About Us"</a>. The Frank McCourt Museum. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629011448/http://frankmccmuseum.wix.com/frankmccourtmuseum#!about-us/c1enr">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=The+Frank+McCourt+Museum&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrankmccmuseum.wix.com%2Ffrankmccourtmuseum%23%21about-us%2Fc1enr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.4rfv.co.uk/industrynews/635/the_real_thing_begins_limerick_shoot">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Real Thing' begins Limerick shoot"</a>. 8 November 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192153/https://www.4rfv.co.uk/industrynews/635/the_real_thing_begins_limerick_shoot">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+Real+Thing%27+begins+Limerick+shoot&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.4rfv.co.uk%2Findustrynews%2F635%2Fthe_real_thing_begins_limerick_shoot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://film.limerick.ie/shot">"Filmed in Limerick"</a>. Limerick.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192200/https://film.limerick.ie/shot">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filmed+in+Limerick&rft.pub=Limerick.ie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilm.limerick.ie%2Fshot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iftn.ie/locationsireland/irishlocationsregion/sublinks_static4/limerick/lls/?countytabs=3">"Irish Film and Television Network – Locations in Ireland – Limerick Location Services – Filmography"</a>. Irish Film and Television Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192220/http://www.iftn.ie/locationsireland/irishlocationsregion/sublinks_static4/limerick/lls/?countytabs=3">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+Film+and+Television+Network+%E2%80%93+Locations+in+Ireland+%E2%80%93+Limerick+Location+Services+%E2%80%93+Filmography&rft.pub=Irish+Film+and+Television+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iftn.ie%2Flocationsireland%2Firishlocationsregion%2Fsublinks_static4%2Flimerick%2Flls%2F%3Fcountytabs%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.live95fm.ie/news/live95-news/more-than-25000-line-limerick-streets-for-50th-international-band-championship/">"More than 25,000 line Limerick streets for 50th International Band Championship"</a>. Live 95 FM. 20 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+than+25%2C000+line+Limerick+streets+for+50th+International+Band+Championship&rft.date=2022-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.live95fm.ie%2Fnews%2Flive95-news%2Fmore-than-25000-line-limerick-streets-for-50th-international-band-championship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerick.ie/stpatricksfestival/limerick-international-band-championship">"Limerick International Band Championship"</a>. <i>This is Limerick</i>. 20 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+is+Limerick&rft.atitle=Limerick+International+Band+Championship&rft.date=2022-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerick.ie%2Fstpatricksfestival%2Flimerick-international-band-championship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musicfestivals.com/events/limerick-international-band-championship/">"Limerick International Band Championship"</a>. <i>Gateway</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gateway&rft.atitle=Limerick+International+Band+Championship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicfestivals.com%2Fevents%2Flimerick-international-band-championship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dolans-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dolans_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dolans_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolans.ie/about-us">"Our Story - Beginnings"</a>. <i>dolans.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613212736/https://www.dolans.ie/about-us">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dolans.ie&rft.atitle=Our+Story+-+Beginnings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolans.ie%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerickpost.ie/2011/03/25/crowds-bid-farewell-to-baker-place/">"Crowds bid farewell to Baker Place"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Limerick_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Limerick Post">The Limerick Post</a></i>. 25 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614000215/https://www.limerickpost.ie/2011/03/25/crowds-bid-farewell-to-baker-place/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Limerick+Post&rft.atitle=Crowds+bid+farewell+to+Baker+Place&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickpost.ie%2F2011%2F03%2F25%2Fcrowds-bid-farewell-to-baker-place%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabbitts2020" class="citation news cs1">Rabbitts, Nick (28 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/property/520991/former-limericknightclub-set-to-become-a-bible-school.html">"Former Limerick nightclub set to become a bible school"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Limerick_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="The Limerick Leader">The Limerick Leader</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919154743/https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/property/520991/former-limericknightclub-set-to-become-a-bible-school.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Limerick+Leader&rft.atitle=Former+Limerick+nightclub+set+to+become+a+bible+school&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft.aulast=Rabbitts&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2Fproperty%2F520991%2Fformer-limericknightclub-set-to-become-a-bible-school.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerickpost.ie/2013/06/18/limerick-nightclub-venue-set-to-reopen/">"Limerick nightclub venue set to reopen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Limerick_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Limerick Post">The Limerick Post</a></i>. 18 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613232759/https://www.limerickpost.ie/2013/06/18/limerick-nightclub-venue-set-to-reopen/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Limerick+Post&rft.atitle=Limerick+nightclub+venue+set+to+reopen&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickpost.ie%2F2013%2F06%2F18%2Flimerick-nightclub-venue-set-to-reopen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwane2013" class="citation news cs1">Dwane, Mike (1 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/business-news/99405/Former-Limerick-nightclub-set-to-reopen.html">"Former Limerick nightclub set to reopen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Limerick_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="The Limerick Leader">The Limerick Leader</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613232759/https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/business-news/99405/Former-Limerick-nightclub-set-to-reopen.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Limerick+Leader&rft.atitle=Former+Limerick+nightclub+set+to+reopen&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.aulast=Dwane&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-news%2F99405%2FFormer-Limerick-nightclub-set-to-reopen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerick.ie/riverfest">"Riverfest 2nd – 5th May 2014"</a>. Limerick.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606234657/http://www.limerick.ie/riverfest">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riverfest+2nd+%E2%80%93+5th+May+2014&rft.pub=Limerick.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerick.ie%2Friverfest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathryn2014" class="citation news cs1">Kathryn, Hayes (6 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/riverfest-attracts-record-numbers-to-limerick-city-30246212.html">"Riverfest attracts record numbers to Limerick city"</a>. <i>Limerick Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606220819/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/riverfest-attracts-record-numbers-to-limerick-city-30246212.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limerick+Independent&rft.atitle=Riverfest+attracts+record+numbers+to+Limerick+city&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft.aulast=Kathryn&rft.aufirst=Hayes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Friverfest-attracts-record-numbers-to-limerick-city-30246212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loomis 1963, pp. 153–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The phrase "come to Limerick" is known in American slang since the Civil War, as documented in the <i>Historical Dictionary of American Slang</i> and posts on the American Dialect Society List. One possible derivation of the phrase, proposed by Stephen Goranson on ADS-list, is the Treaty of Limerick, implying "surrender," "settle," "get to the point".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">reported by Stephen Goranson on the ADS-list and in comments at the Oxford Etymologist blog</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://limerickslife.com/street-names-n/">"Limerick city street names beginning with N"</a>. <i>Limerick's Life</i>. 20 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514073224/http://limerickslife.com/street-names-n/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Limerick%27s+Life&rft.atitle=Limerick+city+street+names+beginning+with+N&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flimerickslife.com%2Fstreet-names-n%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626193517/http://museum.limerick.ie/">"LimerickCity.ie/CityMuseum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museum.limerick.ie/">the original</a> on 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LimerickCity.ie%2FCityMuseum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museum.limerick.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerick.ie/discover/eat-see-do/arts-culture/museums/limerick-museum">"Limerick Museum"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limerick+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerick.ie%2Fdiscover%2Feat-see-do%2Farts-culture%2Fmuseums%2Flimerick-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerick.ie/business/growing-limerick/facts-and-figures/limericks-recent-economic-growth">"Limerick's Recent Economic Growth | Limerick.ie"</a>. <i>www.limerick.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805161602/https://www.limerick.ie/business/growing-limerick/facts-and-figures/limericks-recent-economic-growth">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.limerick.ie&rft.atitle=Limerick%27s+Recent+Economic+Growth+%7C+Limerick.ie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerick.ie%2Fbusiness%2Fgrowing-limerick%2Ffacts-and-figures%2Flimericks-recent-economic-growth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lysaght, W. (1968) "<i>The Abbey Fisherman</i>" The Treaty Press Ltd, Limerick.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McInerney, Jim (2005) "<i>The Gandelow: a Shannon Estuary Fishing Boat</i>" A.K. Ilen Company Ltd, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9547915-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9547915-1-7">0-9547915-1-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mac Cárthaigh, Críostóir, Editor (2008) "<i>Traditional Boats of Ireland</i>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tradboats.ie/">http://www.tradboats.ie/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218083718/http://tradboats.ie/">Archived</a> 18 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Traditional Boats of Ireland consortium) The Collins Press, Cork, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781905172399" title="Special:BookSources/9781905172399">9781905172399</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Clare Traditional Boat and Currach Project 2008</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/heritage/pdfs/clare_traditional_boat_and_currach_project_2008.pdf">http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/heritage/pdfs/clare_traditional_boat_and_currach_project_2008.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204739/http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/heritage/pdfs/clare_traditional_boat_and_currach_project_2008.pdf">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-businessreport.com/article/livable-limerick-fdi-magnet/">"Livable Limerick"</a>. The Business Report. January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170716214656/http://www.the-businessreport.com/article/livable-limerick-fdi-magnet/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Livable+Limerick&rft.pub=The+Business+Report&rft.date=2017-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-businessreport.com%2Farticle%2Flivable-limerick-fdi-magnet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharrock2009" class="citation news cs1">Sharrock, David (8 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924172258/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/">"Dell delivers blow to Ireland with plant closure"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/technology/article5472924.ece">the original</a> on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Dell+delivers+blow+to+Ireland+with+plant+closure&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft.aulast=Sharrock&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fbusiness%2Findustry_sectors%2Ftechnology%2Farticle5472924.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100402102819/http://www.limerickleader.ie/news/50-new-hightech-jobs-for.6190866.jp">"50 new high-tech jobs for Dell's Raheen plant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Leader" title="Limerick Leader">Limerick Leader</a>. 30 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerickleader.ie/news/50-new-hightech-jobs-for.6190866.jp">the original</a> on 2 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=50+new+high-tech+jobs+for+Dell%27s+Raheen+plant&rft.date=2010-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2F50-new-hightech-jobs-for.6190866.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0108/dell.html">"1,900 jobs lost at Dell in Limerick"</a>. RTÉ News. 8 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116235908/http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0108/Dell.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1%2C900+jobs+lost+at+Dell+in+Limerick&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2009%2F0108%2Fdell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/part-of-limericks-oconnell-st-to-be-pedestrianised-291474.html">"Part of Limerick's O'Connell St to be pedestrianised"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>. 1 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150117/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/part-of-limericks-oconnell-st-to-be-pedestrianised-291474.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>the recent pedestrianisation in the city centre of Bedford Row and part of Thomas Street, which was completed last month [Dec 2016]. The remainder of Thomas Street, along with Little Catherine Street, is due to be completed by mid-June [2007]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Part+of+Limerick%27s+O%27Connell+St+to+be+pedestrianised&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fireland%2Fpart-of-limericks-oconnell-st-to-be-pedestrianised-291474.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernassembly.ie/press-releases/press-release/erdf-co-funded-upgrade-works-in-limerick-city">"Press Release – European Regional Development Fund Co-funded upgrade works in Limerick City"</a>. southernassembly.ie. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150253/http://www.southernassembly.ie/press-releases/press-release/erdf-co-funded-upgrade-works-in-limerick-city">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>On 26th September 2013, the Mayor of Limerick Cllr Kathleen Leddin unveiled a plaque to mark the completion of the upgrade works to Sarsfield Street, William Street, and Upper William Street, Limerick. The recently completed Enhancement Scheme [..] included [..] footpath widening and re-surfacing</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release+%E2%80%93+European+Regional+Development+Fund+Co-funded+upgrade+works+in+Limerick+City&rft.pub=southernassembly.ie&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernassembly.ie%2Fpress-releases%2Fpress-release%2Ferdf-co-funded-upgrade-works-in-limerick-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerick.ie/sites/default/files/media/documents/2018-07/Executive%20Summary%20-%20Economic%20Profiling%20Report%20for%20Limerick%20City%20and%20County.pdf">Economic Data Profiling Report for Limerick – Executive Summary for Limerick City & Co Co – May 2018</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Limerick.ie. May 2018. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025150120/https://www.limerick.ie/sites/default/files/media/documents/2018-07/Executive%20Summary%20-%20Economic%20Profiling%20Report%20for%20Limerick%20City%20and%20County.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>. <q><i>One of Limerick's primary weaknesses has been the 'hollowing out' of the city's core residential, retail, education and commercial activities in recent decades, resulting in a lack of vibrancy and population in the city centre</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Economic+Data+Profiling+Report+for+Limerick+%E2%80%93+Executive+Summary+for+Limerick+City+%26+Co+Co+%E2%80%93+May+2018&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Limerick.ie&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerick.ie%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2F2018-07%2FExecutive%2520Summary%2520-%2520Economic%2520Profiling%2520Report%2520for%2520Limerick%2520City%2520and%2520County.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2017" class="citation news cs1">Murray, Niall (13 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/lit-to-open-14m-campus-454652.html">"LIT to open €14m campus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614002026/https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/lit-to-open-14m-campus-454652.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=LIT+to+open+%E2%82%AC14m+campus&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Niall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fireland%2Flit-to-open-14m-campus-454652.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley2017" class="citation news cs1">Hurley, David (20 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/271733/limerick-s-parkway-valley-development-to-be-placed-on-derelict-sites-register.html">"Limerick's Parkway Valley development to be placed on derelict sites register"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Limerick_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="The Limerick Leader">The Limerick Leader</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614002024/https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/home/271733/limerick-s-parkway-valley-development-to-be-placed-on-derelict-sites-register.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Limerick+Post&rft.atitle=Councillors+call+for+Horizon+Mall+site+work+to+be+levelled&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Jacques&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickpost.ie%2F2019%2F09%2F18%2Fcouncillors-call-for-horizon-mall-sitework-to-be-levelled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalloran2019" class="citation news cs1">Halloran, Cathy (26 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2019/1126/1095245-bats-limerick-opera-centre/">"Planning appeal over €180m Limerick Opera Centre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News_and_Current_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="RTÉ News and Current Affairs">RTÉ News and Current Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613214056/https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2019/1126/1095245-bats-limerick-opera-centre/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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RTÉ News. 30 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060049/https://www.rte.ie/news/regional/2020/1130/1181373-limerick-opera-site/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rte.ie&rft.atitle=Work+starts+on+building+Limerick%27s+Opera+site&rft.date=2020-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fregional%2F2020%2F1130%2F1181373-limerick-opera-site%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milkmarketlimerick.ie/about-us/">"The Limerick Market Trustees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Milk_Market" title="The Milk Market">The Milk Market</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527232046/http://www.milkmarketlimerick.ie/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vbn.aau.dk/da/projects/limerick-clare-energy-plan%284f19f804-e1fb-42a2-af2d-59dbb0a6a975%29.html">the original</a> on 12 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limerick+Clare+Energy+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvbn.aau.dk%2Fda%2Fprojects%2Flimerick-clare-energy-plan%25284f19f804-e1fb-42a2-af2d-59dbb0a6a975%2529.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Aalborg_University" title="Aalborg University">Aalborg University</a>'s catalogue of publications</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citylink.ie/">"Dublin to Galway Bus | Galway-Dublin Airport"</a>. <i>www.citylink.ie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citylink.ie&rft.atitle=Dublin+to+Galway+Bus+%26%23124%3B+Galway-Dublin+Airport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citylink.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerickpost.ie/2016/12/03/bus-eireann-enhances-limerick-city-network/">"Bus Éireann enhances Limerick City network"</a>. <i>Limerick Post Newspaper</i>. 3 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161204121736/http://www.limerickpost.ie/2016/12/03/bus-eireann-enhances-limerick-city-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Limerick+Post+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Bus+%C3%89ireann+enhances+Limerick+City+network&rft.date=2016-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickpost.ie%2F2016%2F12%2F03%2Fbus-eireann-enhances-limerick-city-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buseireann.ie/news.php?id=2206&month=Nov">"Enhanced Limerick City Network December 2016"</a>. <i>buseireann.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924172303/https://www.buseireann.ie/bus_eireann_news.php?id=2206&month=Nov">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buseireann.ie&rft.atitle=Enhanced+Limerick+City+Network+December+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buseireann.ie%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D2206%26month%3DNov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dublincoach.ie/timetables/M7-bus-ennis-limerick-to-dublin-city.php">"M7 Express Bus Service from Ennis to Dublin City via Limerick and Kildare – Dublin Coach"</a>. <i>dublincoach.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220034807/http://dublincoach.ie/timetables/M7-bus-ennis-limerick-to-dublin-city.php">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dublincoach.ie&rft.atitle=M7+Express+Bus+Service+from+Ennis+to+Dublin+City+via+Limerick+and+Kildare+%E2%80%93+Dublin+Coach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdublincoach.ie%2Ftimetables%2FM7-bus-ennis-limerick-to-dublin-city.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButt1995" class="citation book cs1">Butt, R.V.J. (1995). <i>The Directory of Railway Stations</i>. 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Retrieved 8 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpmcmanusproam.com/tournament-information/overview.html"><i>Tournament History</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713121838/http://www.jpmcmanusproam.com/tournament-information/overview.html">Archived</a> 13 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, JP McManus Invitational Pro Am. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limerick+council+to+send+Mayor+to+Boston+for+twinning&rft.pub=Limerick+Leader&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F201748%2FLimerick-council-to-send-Mayor-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimerick" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i>The History of Limerick City</i> by Sean Spellissy (1998)</li> <li><i>The Government and the People of Limerick. The History of Limerick Corporation/City Council 1197–2006</i> by Matthew Potter (2006)</li> <li><i>First Citizens of the Treaty City. The Mayors and Mayoralty of Limerick 1197–2007</i> by Matthew Potter (2007)</li> <li><i>The Memoirs of John M. Regan, a Catholic Officer in the RIC and RUC, 1909–48</i>, Joost Augusteijn, editor, District Inspector, Limerick 1920, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84682-069-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84682-069-4">978-1-84682-069-4</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limerick&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Limerick" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Limerick">Limerick</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Limerick#Q133315" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Limerick">Limerick</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerick.ie/council">Limerick City and County Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerick.ie/">Official Limerick City Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limerickcity.ie/Library/LocalStudies/">Various online history resources from Limerick City Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010103710/http://www.limerickcity.ie/Library/LocalStudies/">Archived</a> 10 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Limerick" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Limerick" title="Template:Limerick"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Limerick" title="Template talk:Limerick"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Limerick" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Limerick"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Limerick" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Limerick</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Limerick_people" title="List of Limerick people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Limerick" title="History of Limerick">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Limerick" title="Architecture of Limerick">Architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_University_of_the_Shannon:_Midlands_Midwest" title="Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest">TUS: Midlands Midwest</a> - <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Institute_of_Technology" title="Limerick Institute of Technology">Limerick campus (LIT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Immaculate_College" title="Mary Immaculate College">Mary Immaculate College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="Limerick School of Art and Design">School of Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith_College_Limerick" title="Griffith College Limerick">Griffith College</a></li> <li>College of Further Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_College" title="Crescent College">Crescent College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Clement%27s_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Clement's College (page does not exist)">St. Clement's College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurel_Hill_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurel Hill College (page does not exist)">Laurel Hill College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Munchin%27s_College" title="St Munchin's College">St Munchin's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardscoil_R%C3%ADs,_Limerick" title="Ardscoil Rís, Limerick">Ardscoil Rís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers_School" title="Villiers School">Villiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castletroy_College" title="Castletroy College">Castletroy College</a></li> <li>St. Enda's Community School</li> <li>St. Nessan's Community School</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Centre</a> <a href="/wiki/Newtown_Pery,_Limerick" title="Newtown Pery, Limerick">(Newtown Pery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annacotty" title="Annacotty">Annacotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballynanty" title="Ballynanty">Ballynanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castletroy" title="Castletroy">Castletroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caherdavin" title="Caherdavin">Caherdavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonagh,_Limerick_City" title="Coonagh, Limerick City">Coonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooradoyle" title="Dooradoyle">Dooradoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryowen,_Limerick" title="Garryowen, Limerick">Garryowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irishtown,_Limerick" title="Irishtown, Limerick">Irishtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Island,_Limerick" title="King's Island, Limerick">King's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayorstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayorstone (page does not exist)">Mayorstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyross" title="Moyross">Moyross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Circular_Road,_Limerick" title="North Circular Road, Limerick">North Circular Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parteen" title="Parteen">Parteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plassey,_County_Limerick" title="Plassey, County Limerick">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheen,_County_Limerick" title="Raheen, County Limerick">Raheen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhebogue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhebogue (page does not exist)">Rhebogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxboro,_County_Limerick" title="Roxboro, County Limerick">Roxborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Shannon Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singland (page does not exist)">Singland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomondgate" title="Thomondgate">Thomondgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Westbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athlunkard_Street,_Limerick" title="Athlunkard Street, Limerick">Athlunkard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Street,_Limerick" title="O'Connell Street, Limerick">O'Connell Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Street,_Limerick" title="William Street, Limerick">William Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruises_Street,_Limerick" title="Cruises Street, Limerick">Cruises Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Street,_Limerick" title="Thomas Street, Limerick">Thomas Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Row,_Limerick" title="Bedford Row, Limerick">Bedford Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Street,_Limerick" title="Henry Street, Limerick">Henry Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarsfield_Street,_Limerick" title="Sarsfield Street, Limerick">Sarsfield Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Street,_Limerick" title="Rutland Street, Limerick">Rutland Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Street,_Limerick" title="Patrick Street, Limerick">Patrick Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanning%27s_Castle" title="Fanning's Castle">Fanning's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick">St Mary's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_John%27s_Castle_(Limerick)" title="King John's Castle (Limerick)">King John's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Limerick)" title="St John's Cathedral (Limerick)">St John's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Museum" title="Hunt Museum">Hunt Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown_Pery,_Limerick" title="Newtown Pery, Limerick">Georgian Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael%27s_Catholic_Church_(Limerick)" title="Saint Michael's Catholic Church (Limerick)">St Michael's Church (Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomond_Bridge" title="Thomond Bridge">Thomond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomond_Park" title="Thomond Park">Thomond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Grounds" title="Gaelic Grounds">Gaelic Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverpoint" title="Riverpoint">Riverpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilrush_Church" title="Kilrush Church">Kilrush Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Hotel,_Limerick" title="Clayton Hotel, Limerick">Clayton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crescent,_Limerick" title="The Crescent, Limerick">The Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pery_Square" title="Pery Square">Pery Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park,_Limerick" title="People's Park, Limerick">People's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">River Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Milk_Market" title="The Milk Market">Milk Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Limerick" title="Mayor of Limerick">Mayor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Limerick" title="List of mayors of Limerick">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_and_County_Council" title="Limerick City and County Council">City and County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick City (Dáil constituency)">Limerick City</a> (Dáil constituency, 2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick East (Dáil constituency)">Limerick East</a> (Dáil constituency, 1948–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South (European Parliament constituency)">South</a> (EU constituency)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomond" title="Thomond">Thomond</a></li> <li>Sieges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1642)" title="Siege of Limerick (1642)">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1650%E2%80%9351)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Limerick (1650–51)">1650–51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1690)" title="Siege of Limerick (1690)">1690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1691)" title="Siege of Limerick (1691)">1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1922)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Limerick (1922)">1922</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Limerick" title="Treaty of Limerick">Treaty of Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Wild_Geese" title="Flight of the Wild Geese">Flight of the Wild Geese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Sarsfield,_1st_Earl_of_Lucan" title="Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan">Patrick Sarsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_boycott" title="Limerick boycott">Limerick boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Soviet" title="Limerick Soviet">Limerick Soviet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_95" title="Live 95">Live 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPIN_South_West" title="SPIN South West">SPIN South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Limerick_102" title="West Limerick 102">West Limerick 102</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Leader" title="Limerick Leader">Limerick Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Post" title="Limerick Post">Limerick Post</a></i></li> <li><i>Limerick Chronicle</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_lyric_fm" title="RTÉ lyric fm">RTÉ lyric fm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munster_Rugby" title="Munster Rugby">Munster Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_GAA" title="Limerick GAA">Limerick GAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_F.C." title="Limerick F.C.">Limerick FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryowen_Football_Club" title="Garryowen Football Club">Garryowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_RFC" title="Shannon RFC">Shannon RFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Munster" title="Young Munster">Young Munster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UL_Bohemians_R.F.C." title="UL Bohemians R.F.C.">UL Bohemian RFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Crescent_RFC" title="Old Crescent RFC">Old Crescent RFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Cricket_Club" title="Limerick Cricket Club">Limerick Cricket Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Sport_Eagles" title="Limerick Sport Eagles">Limerick Sport Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_Piarsaigh_GAA_(Limerick)" title="Na Piarsaigh GAA (Limerick)">Na Piarsaigh</a></li> <li>Catholic Institute Athletic Club</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Racecourse" title="Limerick Racecourse">Limerick Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markets_Field" title="Markets Field">Markets Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture & Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_Concert_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="University Concert Hall">University Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Immaculate_College" title="Mary Immaculate College">Lime Tree Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belltable" title="Belltable">Belltable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan%27s" title="Dolan's">Dolan's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Civic_Trust" title="Limerick Civic Trust">Limerick Civic Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Institute_of_Technology" title="Limerick Institute of Technology">Millennium Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Athenaeum" title="Limerick Athenaeum">Athenaeum (Theatre Royal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_City_Gallery_of_Art" title="Limerick City Gallery of Art">City Gallery of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Museum" title="Limerick Museum">Limerick Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Milk_Market" title="The Milk Market">Live at the Big Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Limerick" title="List of public art in Limerick">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Museum_of_Limerick" title="The People's Museum of Limerick">People's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris_International_Film_Festival" title="Richard Harris International Film Festival">Richard Harris International Film Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Colbert_railway_station" title="Limerick Colbert railway station">Colbert station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Suburban_Rail" title="Limerick Suburban Rail">Suburban Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Corridor" title="Western Railway Corridor">Western Railway Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Citylink" title="Irish Citylink">Citylink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Ireland" title="Template:Cities in Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Ireland" title="Template talk:Cities in Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities in Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan District<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">within City and County Council</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal District<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">within County Council</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_in_County_Limerick" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:County_Limerick" title="Template:County Limerick"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:County_Limerick" title="Template talk:County Limerick"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:County_Limerick" title="Special:EditPage/Template:County Limerick"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_in_County_Limerick" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places in <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">County Limerick</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limerick</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limerick</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Limerick.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Limerick.svg/100px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Limerick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Limerick.svg/150px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Limerick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Limerick.svg/200px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Limerick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeyfeale" title="Abbeyfeale">Abbeyfeale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annacotty" title="Annacotty">Annacotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askeaton" title="Askeaton">Askeaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruff" title="Bruff">Bruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappamore" title="Cappamore">Cappamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromcolliher" title="Dromcolliher">Dromcolliher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foynes" title="Foynes">Foynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmallock" title="Kilmallock">Kilmallock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_West" title="Newcastle West">Newcastle West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrickswell" title="Patrickswell">Patrickswell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages and<br /><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">townlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adare" title="Adare">Adare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardpatrick,_County_Limerick" title="Ardpatrick, County Limerick">Ardpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesboro" title="Anglesboro">Anglesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athea" title="Athea">Athea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlacca" title="Athlacca">Athlacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballingarry,_County_Limerick" title="Ballingarry, County Limerick">Ballingarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyagran" title="Ballyagran">Ballyagran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyhahill" title="Ballyhahill">Ballyhahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballylanders" title="Ballylanders">Ballylanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyneety" title="Ballyneety">Ballyneety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadford,_County_Limerick" title="Broadford, County Limerick">Broadford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruree" title="Bruree">Bruree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caherconlish" title="Caherconlish">Caherconlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrigkerry" title="Carrigkerry">Carrigkerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleconnell" title="Castleconnell">Castleconnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlemahon" class="mw-redirect" title="Castlemahon">Castlemahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarina_(County_Limerick)" title="Clarina (County Limerick)">Clarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crecora" title="Crecora">Crecora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croagh" title="Croagh">Croagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croom,_County_Limerick" title="Croom, County Limerick">Croom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doon,_County_Limerick" title="Doon, County Limerick">Doon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effin" title="Effin">Effin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedamore" title="Fedamore">Fedamore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feenagh,_County_Limerick" title="Feenagh, County Limerick">Feenagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feohanagh" title="Feohanagh">Feohanagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galbally,_County_Limerick" title="Galbally, County Limerick">Galbally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryspillane" title="Garryspillane">Garryspillane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glin,_County_Limerick" title="Glin, County Limerick">Glin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granagh" title="Granagh">Granagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbertstown" title="Herbertstown">Herbertstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital,_County_Limerick" title="Hospital, County Limerick">Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilbehenny" title="Kilbehenny">Kilbehenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilcornan" title="Kilcornan">Kilcornan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildimo" title="Kildimo">Kildimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilfinane" title="Kilfinane">Kilfinane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeedy" title="Killeedy">Killeedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmeedy" title="Kilmeedy">Kilmeedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilteely-Dromkeen" title="Kilteely-Dromkeen">Kilteely-Dromkeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockaderry" title="Knockaderry">Knockaderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocklong" title="Knocklong">Knocklong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meanus" title="Meanus">Meanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_County_Limerick" title="Montpelier, County Limerick">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountcollins" title="Mountcollins">Mountcollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mungret" title="Mungret">Mungret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murroe" title="Murroe">Murroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oola" title="Oola">Oola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallasgreen" title="Pallasgreen">Pallasgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallaskenry" title="Pallaskenry">Pallaskenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheen,_County_Limerick" title="Raheen, County Limerick">Raheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathkeale" title="Rathkeale">Rathkeale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanagolden,_County_Limerick" title="Shanagolden, County Limerick">Shanagolden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templeglantine" title="Templeglantine">Templeglantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournafulla" title="Tournafulla">Tournafulla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_in_County_Limerick" class="mw-redirect" title="List of townlands in County Limerick">List of townlands in County Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_and_hills_of_County_Limerick" title="Category:Mountains and hills of County Limerick">Category:Mountains and hills of County Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_County_Limerick" title="Category:Rivers of County Limerick">Category:Rivers of County Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_County_Limerick" title="Category:Geography of County Limerick">Category:Geography of County Limerick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="River_Shannon,_Ireland_(Basin)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:River_Shannon" title="Template:River Shannon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:River_Shannon" title="Template talk:River Shannon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:River_Shannon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:River Shannon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="River_Shannon,_Ireland_(Basin)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">River Shannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shannon_River_Basin" title="Shannon River Basin">Basin</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Leitrim" title="County Leitrim">Leitrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Roscommon" title="County Roscommon">Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Longford" title="County Longford">Longford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Westmeath" title="County Westmeath">Westmeath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">Offaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">Tipperary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick"> Limerick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dowra" title="Dowra">Dowra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinaglera" title="Ballinaglera">Ballinaglera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumshanbo" title="Drumshanbo">Drumshanbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrick-on-Shannon" title="Carrick-on-Shannon">Carrick-on-Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_County_Leitrim" title="Jamestown, County Leitrim">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumsna" title="Drumsna">Drumsna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromod" title="Dromod">Dromod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosky" title="Roosky">Roosky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmonbarry" title="Tarmonbarry">Tarmonbarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanesborough-Ballyleague" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanesborough-Ballyleague">Lanesborough-Ballyleague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannonbridge" title="Shannonbridge">Shannonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banagher" title="Banagher">Banagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killaloe,_County_Clare" title="Killaloe, County Clare">Killaloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick City">Limerick City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major tributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle_River_(Ireland)" title="Boyle River (Ireland)">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brosna" title="River Brosna">Brosna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Deel" title="River Deel">Deel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Inny,_Westmeath" class="mw-redirect" title="River Inny, Westmeath">Inny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Maigue" title="River Maigue">Maigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulkear_River" title="Mulkear River">Mulkear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenagh_River" title="Nenagh River">Nenagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">Suck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flows into</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Estuary" title="Shannon Estuary">Shannon Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linked canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Erne_Waterway" title="Shannon–Erne Waterway">Shannon–Erne Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Canal" title="Jamestown Canal">Jamestown Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">River Suck canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle,_County_Roscommon#Transport" title="Boyle, County Roscommon">Boyle canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecarrow_Canal" title="Lecarrow Canal">Lecarrow Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_hydroelectric_scheme#Navigation" title="Shannon hydroelectric scheme">Headrace canal (Ardnacrusha)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major crossings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dowra" title="Dowra">Dowra Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrick-on-Shannon#Carrick_Bridge_and_Quay" title="Carrick-on-Shannon">Carrick Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_County_Leitrim#River_crossings" title="Jamestown, County Leitrim">Jamestown Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumsna" title="Drumsna">Drumsna Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosky" title="Roosky">Roosky Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmonbarry" title="Tarmonbarry"> Termonbarry Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N6_road_(Ireland)" title="N6 road (Ireland)">N6 Athlone bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannonbridge" title="Shannonbridge">Shannonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banagher_bridge" title="Banagher bridge">Banagher bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portumna_bridge" title="Portumna bridge">Portumna bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killaloe_Bridge" title="Killaloe Bridge">Killaloe Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick#Expansion" title="University of Limerick"><i>The Living Bridge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick#Expansion" title="University of Limerick">University Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Brien%27s_Bridge" title="O'Brien's Bridge">O'Briensbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Limerick#Shannon_Bridge" title="Architecture of Limerick">Shannon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerick_Tunnel" title="Limerick Tunnel">Limerick Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Ferry" title="Shannon Ferry">Shannon Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Shannon" title="List of crossings of the Shannon">All crossings of the River Shannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkdh8KdKcvGxjTMVqVBfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4304319-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83068815">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Limerick (Irsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129822&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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