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vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom_(OEF)_in_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Taliban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Taliban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span>The Taliban</div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Taliban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S.-led_coalition_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S.-led_coalition_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span>U.S.-led coalition action</div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S.-led_coalition_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combat_operations_start" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat_operations_start"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span>Combat operations start</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat_operations_start-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span>International support</div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Result" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Result"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span>Result</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Result-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span>Criticism</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Philippines_(OEF-P)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Philippines_(OEF-P)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P)</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Philippines_(OEF-P)-sublist" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Philippines_(OEF-P)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abu_Sayyaf_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abu_Sayyaf_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>Abu Sayyaf Group</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abu_Sayyaf_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jemaah_Islamiyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jemaah_Islamiyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>Jemaah Islamiyah</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jemaah_Islamiyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span>U.S. Actions</div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Result_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Result_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span>Result</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Result_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Horn_of_Africa_(OEF-HOA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Horn_of_Africa_(OEF-HOA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA)</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Horn_of_Africa_(OEF-HOA)-sublist" class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand mw-ui-icon-small vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Horn_of_Africa_(OEF-HOA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span>U.S. action</div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>Military decorations</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>See also</div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>References</div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span>Further reading</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span>External links</div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <label id="vector-toc-collapsed-button" class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet mw-checkbox-hack-button" 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Enduring Freedom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-menu vector-dropdown vector-menu-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-menu-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages"/> <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-menu-heading mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9" title="عملية الحرية الدائمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operace_Trval%C3%A1_svoboda" title="Operace Trvalá svoboda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Libertad_Duradera-Afganist%C3%A1n" title="Operación Libertad Duradera-Afganistán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="عملیات آزادی بلندمدت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Enduring_Freedom" title="Opération Enduring Freedom – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EA%B5%AC%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EC%9E%91%EC%A0%84" title="항구적 자유 작전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operazione Enduring Freedom – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enduring_Freedom_hadm%C5%B1velet" title="Enduring Freedom hadművelet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%9C%BD%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%A6" title="不朽の自由作戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasjon_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operasjon Enduring Freedom – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_(2001%D8%A1)" title="افغانستان جنگ (2001ء) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%DA%AF%DA%93%D9%87_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B1)" title="د افغانستان جگړه (۲۰۰۱) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Liberdade_Duradoura" title="Operação Liberdade Duradoura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Операция «Несокрушимая свобода» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Операција Трајна слобода – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99" title="ปฏิบัติการเสรีภาพยั่งยืน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Операція «Нескорена свобода» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_(2001%D8%A1)" title="افغانستان جنگ (2001ء) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_d%E1%BB%8Bch_T%E1%BB%B1_do_B%E1%BB%81n_v%E1%BB%AFng" title="Chiến dịch Tự do Bền vững – Vietnamese" lang="vi" 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lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official name for the US's war on terror</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Enduring Freedom</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Soldiers_of_the_10th_Mountain_Division_during_Operation_Enduring_Freedom.jpg" class="image"><img alt="U.S. Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division during Operation Enduring Freedom.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/U.S._Soldiers_of_the_10th_Mountain_Division_during_Operation_Enduring_Freedom.jpg/220px-U.S._Soldiers_of_the_10th_Mountain_Division_during_Operation_Enduring_Freedom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/U.S._Soldiers_of_the_10th_Mountain_Division_during_Operation_Enduring_Freedom.jpg/330px-U.S._Soldiers_of_the_10th_Mountain_Division_during_Operation_Enduring_Freedom.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/U.S._Soldiers_of_the_10th_Mountain_Division_during_Operation_Enduring_Freedom.jpg/440px-U.S._Soldiers_of_the_10th_Mountain_Division_during_Operation_Enduring_Freedom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744"/></a><br/>U.S. Soldiers of the Army's 10th Mountain Division deployed during Operation Enduring Freedom 2009</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>7 October 2001 – 28 December 2014 (in Afghanistan)<sup id="cite_ref-CRS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><br/>(13 years, 2 months and 3 weeks)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Desert">Sahara Desert</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>U.S.-led victory </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden killed</a></li> <li>OEF-A concluded, succeeded by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a></li> <li>Armed conflict continued until restoration of Taliban regime</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">In Afghanistan</a>:</b> <i>(completed)</i> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" 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srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><i>Former:</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300"/></a></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">In the Philippines</a>:</b> <i>(completed)</i> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">In Somalia/Horn of Africa</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_SADC.svg/23px-Flag_of_SADC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_SADC.svg/35px-Flag_of_SADC.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_SADC.svg/45px-Flag_of_SADC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">SADC</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">In Georgia</a>:</b> <i>(completed)</i> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_Center_at_Manas" title="Transit Center at Manas">In Kyrgyzstan</a>:</b> <i>(completed)</i> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> <b><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Other nations</a></b></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan"><img alt="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>In Afghanistan:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/> </span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>In the Philippines:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a> <small>(from 2001)</small></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a> <small>(from 2001)</small></li> <li><i>Former</i> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1050"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> <small>(until 2012)</small></li></ul></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>In Somalia:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/23px-ShababFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/35px-ShababFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ShababFlag.svg/45px-ShababFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a> <small>(from 2006)</small></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbul_Islam" title="Hizbul Islam">Hizbul Islam</a> <small>(until 2014)</small></li></ul> <p><b>In Sahara:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/23px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/35px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AQMI_Flag.svg/45px-AQMI_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda_Organization_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb</a> <small>(until 2017)</small></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> CIC <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George W Bush">George W Bush</a> (2001–2009)<br/> </p> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> CIC <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2009–2014)<br/> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> GEN <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a> (2001–2003)<br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> GEN <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Abizaid" title="John Abizaid">John Abizaid</a> (2003–2007)<br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> ADM <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Fallon" title="William J. Fallon">William J. Fallon</a> (2007–2008)<br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> GEN <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Martin Dempsey</a> (2008–2015)<br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRAF" class="mw-redirect" title="MRAF">MRAF</a> Sir <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Stirrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Stirrup">Graham Stirrup</a> (2003–2011)<br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> GEN <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a> (2008–2010)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></a></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes">#</a><br/><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br/><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br/><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khadaffy_Janjalani" title="Khadaffy Janjalani">Khadaffy Janjalani</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br/><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></span> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riduan_Isamuddin" title="Riduan Isamuddin">Riduan Isamuddin</a> (<a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span> <b>45,000+</b> killed<br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></a></span> <b>2,380</b> killed by January 2016<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>456</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>158</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>90</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/> </p> <span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>57</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"/></a></span> <b>53</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"/></a></span> <b>43</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"/></a></span> <b>41</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"/></a></span> <b>40</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"/></a></span> <b>34</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup><br/><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>32</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><br/>Others <b>200+</b> killed<sup id="cite_ref-iCasualties_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iCasualties-4">[4]</a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"/></a></span> <b>In Afghanistan:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>72,000+ killed</b><sup id="cite_ref-the_Washington_post_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_Washington_post-6">[6]</a></sup></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>In the Philippines:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>328</b>+<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> <b>In Somalia:</b> </p> <ul><li>'<b>260 to 365 killed</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_OEF" title="Template:Campaignbox OEF"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_OEF" title="Template talk:Campaignbox OEF"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Campaignbox_OEF&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Operation Enduring Freedom</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankisi_Gorge_operations_of_Georgian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Pankisi Gorge operations of Georgian Army">Pankisi Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara">Sahara Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Caribbean_and_Central_America" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America">Caribbean & Central America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Operation Enduring Freedom</b> (<b>OEF</b>) was the official name used synonymously by the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. government">U.S. government</a> for both the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> and the larger-scale <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Global War on Terrorism">Global War on Terrorism</a>. On 7 October 2001, in response to the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> announced that airstrikes targeting <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> had begun in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> Operation Enduring Freedom primarily refers to the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Philipps_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philipps-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dempsey_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dempsey-12">[12]</a></sup> but it was also affiliated with <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counterterrorism</a> operations in other countries, such as <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF</a>nced the end of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> Subsequent operations in Afghanistan by the United States' military forces, both non-combat and combat, occurred under the name <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tilghman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilghman-14">[14]</a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Subordinate_operations">Subordinate operations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Subordinate operations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Operation Enduring Freedom most commonly referred to the U.S.-led combat mission in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Philipps_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philipps-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dempsey_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dempsey-12">[12]</a></sup> The codename was also used for <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counter-terrorism</a> operations in other countries targeting <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">Al Qaeda</a> and remnants of the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>, such as <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF-Philippines</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara">OEF-Trans Sahara</a>, primarily through government funding vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-HELPING-GEORGIA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HELPING-GEORGIA-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lamothe_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamothe-16">[16]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> (OEF), 7 October 2001 – 31 December 2014. Succeeded by Operation Freedom's Sentinel.<sup id="cite_ref-OEFover_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEFover-17">[17]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines</a> (OEF-P, formerly Operation Freedom Eagle), 15 January 2002 – 24 February 2015<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa</a> (OEF-HOA)</li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankisi_gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Pankisi gorge">Operation Enduring Freedom – Pankisi Gorge</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Trans_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara">Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara</a> (OEF-TS; see also <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Caribbean_and_Central_America" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America">Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America</a> (OEF-CCA)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_Center_at_Manas#Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Transit Center at Manas">Operation Enduring Freedom – Kyrgyzstan</a>, 18 December 2001 – 3 June 2014<sup id="cite_ref-Bolger_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolger-22">[22]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The U.S. government used the term "Operation Enduring Freedom" to officially describe the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a>, from the period between 7 October 2001 and 31 December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-OEFover_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEFover-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> Subsequent operations in Afghanistan by the United States' military forces, both non-combat and combat, occurred under the name <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tilghman_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tilghman-14">[14]</a></sup> </p><p>The operation was originally called "Operation Infinite Justice", but as similar phrases have been used by adherents of several religions as an exclusive description of God, it is believed to have been changed to avoid offense to Muslims who are the majority religion in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-24">[24]</a></sup> In September 2001, U.S. President <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s remark that "this <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">crusade</a>, this war on terrorism, is going to take a while", which prompted widespread criticism from the Islamic world, may also have contributed to the renaming of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-24">[24]</a></sup> </p><p>The term "OEF" typically refers to the phase of the War in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. Other operations, such as the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a>, are only loosely or nominally connected, such as through government funding vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-HELPING-GEORGIA_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HELPING-GEORGIA-15">[15]</a></sup> All the operations, however, have a focus on <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counterterrorism</a> activities. </p><p>Operation Enduring Freedom, which was a joint U.S., U.K., and Afghan operation, was separate from the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> (ISAF), which was an operation of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> nations including the U.S. and the U.K.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> The two operations ran in parallel, although it had been suggested that they merge.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In response to the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, the early combat operations that took place on 7 October 2001 to include a mix of strikes from land-based <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 Lancer">B-1 Lancer</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a> bombers, carrier-based <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat" class="mw-redirect" title="F-14 Tomcat">F-14 Tomcat</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a> fighters, and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGM-109_Tomahawk" class="mw-redirect" title="BGM-109 Tomahawk">Tomahawk cruise missiles</a> launched from both U.S. and British ships and submarines signaled the start of Operation Enduring Freedom. </p><p>The initial military objectives of OEF, as articulated by President <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in his 20 September address to a Joint Session of Congress and his 7 October address to the country, included the destruction of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_training_camp" title="Terrorist training camp">terrorist training camps</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> within Afghanistan, the capture of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> leaders, and the cessation of terrorist activities in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> </p><p>In January 2002, over 1,200 soldiers from the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command Pacific</a> (SOCPAC) deployed to the Philippines to support the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> (AFP) in their push to uproot terrorist forces on the island of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a>. Of those groups included are <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf Group</a> (ASG), <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> The operation consisted of training the AFP in counter-terrorist operations as well as supporting the local people with humanitarian aid in <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Smiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Smiles">Operation Smiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smiles_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smiles-31">[31]</a></sup> </p><p>In October 2002, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_Task_Force_150" title="Combined Task Force 150">Combined Task Force 150</a> and United States military Special Forces established themselves in Djibouti at <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Lemonnier" title="Camp Lemonnier">Camp Lemonnier</a>. The stated goals of the operation were to provide humanitarian aid and patrol the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> to reduce the abilities of terrorist organizations in the region. Similar to OEF-P, the goal of humanitarian aid was emphasized, ostensibly to prevent militant organizations from being able to take hold amongst the population as well as reemerge after being removed. </p><p>The military aspect involves coalition forces searching and boarding ships entering the region for illegal cargo as well as providing training and equipment to the armed forces in the region. The humanitarian aspect involves building schools, clinics and water wells to enforce the confidence of the local people. </p><p>Since 2001, the cumulative expenditure by the U.S. government on Operation Enduring Freedom has exceeded $150 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_.28OEF.29_in_Afghanistan"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_(OEF)_in_Afghanistan">Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Taliban">The Taliban</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Taliban">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Seizing upon a <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">power vacuum</a> after the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan after their <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">invasion</a>, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> governed Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001. Their extreme interpretation of Islamic law prompted them to ban music, television, sports, and dancing, and enforce harsh judicial penalties (See <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Afghanistan" title="Human rights in Afghanistan">Human rights in Afghanistan</a>). Amputation was an accepted form of punishment for stealing,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> and public executions could often be seen at the Kabul football stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> Women's rights groups around the world were frequently critical as the Taliban banned women from appearing in public or holding many jobs outside the home.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They drew further criticism<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> when they destroyed the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhas of Bamyan">Buddhas of Bamyan</a>, historical statues nearly 1,500 years old, because the Buddhas were considered idols. </p><p>In 1996, Saudi <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissident" title="Dissident">dissident</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> moved to Afghanistan. When the Taliban came to power, bin Laden was able to forge an alliance between the Taliban and his <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> organization. It is understood that al-Qaeda-trained fighters known as the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/055_Brigade" title="055 Brigade">055 Brigade</a> were integrated with the Taliban army between 1997 and 2001. It has been suggested that the Taliban and bin Laden had very close connections.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S.-led_coalition_action">U.S.-led coalition action</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: U.S.-led coalition action">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> <p>On 20 September 2001, the U.S. stated that Osama bin Laden was behind the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_September_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 September attacks">11 September attacks</a> in 2001. The US made a five-point ultimatum to the Taliban:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Deliver to the U.S. all of the leaders of al-Qaeda</li> <li>Release all imprisoned foreign nationals</li> <li>Close immediately every terrorist training camp</li> <li>Hand over every terrorist and their supporters to appropriate authorities</li> <li>Give the United States full access to terrorist training camps for inspection</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>On 21 September 2001, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> rejected this ultimatum, stating there was no evidence in their possession linking bin Laden to the 11 September attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> </p><p>On 22 September 2001 the United Arab Emirates and later Saudi Arabia withdrew their recognition of the Taliban as the legal government of Afghanistan, leaving neighboring Pakistan as the only remaining country with diplomatic ties. </p><p>On 4 October 2001, it was reported that the Taliban covertly offered to turn bin Laden over to Pakistan for trial in an international tribunal that operated according to Islamic <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">shar'ia law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> On 7 October 2001, the Taliban proposed to try bin Laden in Afghanistan in an Islamic court.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> This proposition was immediately rejected by the US.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup> </p><p>On 14 October 2001, the Taliban proposed to hand bin Laden over to a third country for trial, but only if they were given evidence of bin Laden's involvement in the events of 11 September 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a>, on 16 January 2002, unanimously established an arms embargo and the freezing of identifiable assets belonging to bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the remaining Taliban. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Combat_operations_start">Combat operations start</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Combat operations start">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097763485">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399"/></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fleet_5_nations.jpg" class="image"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fleet_5_nations.jpg/300px-Fleet_5_nations.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fleet_5_nations.jpg/450px-Fleet_5_nations.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fleet_5_nations.jpg/600px-Fleet_5_nations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1829"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fleet_5_nations.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>5-country multinational fleet, during Operation Enduring Freedom in the Oman Sea. In four descending columns, from left to right: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_frigate_Maestrale_(F570)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian frigate Maestrale (F570)"><i>Maestrale</i></a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_frigate_De_Grasse_(D_612)" class="mw-redirect" title="French frigate De Grasse (D 612)"><i>De Grasse</i></a>; <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_John_C._Stennis" title="USS John C. Stennis">USS <i>John C. Stennis</i></a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_Charles_de_Gaulle_(R91)" class="mw-redirect" title="French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (R91)"><i>Charles de Gaulle</i></a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_frigate_Surcouf_(F711)" class="mw-redirect" title="French frigate Surcouf (F711)"><i>Surcouf</i></a>; <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Port_Royal_(CG-73)" title="USS Port Royal (CG-73)">USS <i>Port Royal</i></a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Ocean_(L12)" title="HMS Ocean (L12)">HMS <i>Ocean</i></a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)">USS <i>John F. Kennedy</i></a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNLMS_Van_Amstel_(F831)" title="HNLMS Van Amstel (F831)">HNLMS <i>Van Amstel</i></a>; and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Luigi_Durand_de_la_Penne_(D_560)" title="Italian destroyer Luigi Durand de la Penne (D 560)">Luigi Durand de la Penne</a></div></div></div> <p>On Sunday 7 October 2001, American and British warplanes began targeting Taliban forces and al-Qaeda. Cruise missiles were fired from warships.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Northern_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a>, aided by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command" title="Joint Special Operations Command">Joint Special Operations</a> teams consisting of Green Berets from the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="5th Special Forces Group (United States)">5th Special Forces Group</a>, aircrew members from the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/160th_Special_Operations_Aviation_Regiment_(Airborne)" title="160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)">160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment</a> (SOAR), and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Combat_Control_Team" title="United States Air Force Combat Control Team">Air Force Combat Controllers</a>, fought against the Taliban. Aided by U.S. bombing and massive defections, they captured <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a> on 9 November. They then rapidly gained control of most of northern Afghanistan, and took control of Kabul on 13 November after the Taliban unexpectedly fled the city. The Taliban were restricted to a smaller and smaller region, with <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a>, the last Taliban-held city in the north, captured on 26 November. Most of the Taliban fled to Pakistan. </p><p>The war continued in the south of the country, where the Taliban retreated to <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>. Whilst in Kandahar the Taliban agreed to surrender but the deal was rejected by Secretary of Defense <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> as it would have provided amnesty to Taliban leader <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullah_Mohammed_Omar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullah Mohammed Omar">Mullah Mohammed Omar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> After Kandahar fell in December,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> remnants of the Taliban and al-Qaeda continued to <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">mount resistance</a>. Meanwhile, in November 2001 the U.S. military and its allied forces established their first ground base in Afghanistan to the south west of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, known as <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Rhino" title="Camp Rhino">FOB Rhino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">Battle of Tora Bora</a>, involving U.S., British and Northern Alliance forces took place in December 2001 to further destroy the Taliban and suspected al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. In early March 2002 the United States military, along with allied Afghan military forces, conducted a large operation to destroy al-Qaeda in an operation code-named <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Anaconda" title="Operation Anaconda">Operation Anaconda</a>. </p><p>The operation was carried out by elements of the United States <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division_(United_States)" title="10th Mountain Division (United States)">10th Mountain Division</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a>, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._special_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. special forces">U.S. special forces</a> groups TF 11, TF Bowie, TF Dagger, TF K-Bar, British <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>, the Norwegian <i><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsvarets_Spesialkommando" title="Forsvarets Spesialkommando">Forsvarets Spesialkommando</a></i> (FSK), <i><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A6rens_Jegerkommando" title="Hærens Jegerkommando">Hærens Jegerkommando</a></i> and <i><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinejegerkommandoen" title="Marinejegerkommandoen">Marinejegerkommandoen</a></i>, Canada's 3rd Battalion <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Patricia%27s_Canadian_Light_Infantry" title="Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry">Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry</a>, Canada's <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_2" title="Joint Task Force 2">Joint Task Force 2</a>, the German <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommando_Spezialkr%C3%A4fte" title="Kommando Spezialkräfte">KSK</a>, and elements of the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Special_Air_Service_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Special Air Service Regiment">Australian Special Air Service Regiment</a> and of the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Air_Service_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Air Service of New Zealand">New Zealand Special Air Service</a> and the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">Afghan National Army</a>. </p><p>After managing to evade U.S. forces throughout the summer of 2002, the remnants of the Taliban gradually began to regain their confidence. A U.S. and Canadian led operation (supported by British and Dutch forces), <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mountain_Thrust" title="Operation Mountain Thrust">Operation Mountain Thrust</a> was launched in May 2006 to counter renewed Taliban insurgency. </p><p>Since January 2006, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> undertook combat duties from Operation Enduring Freedom in southern Afghanistan, the NATO force chiefly made up of British, Canadian and Dutch forces (and some smaller contributions from Denmark, Romania and Estonia and air support from Norway as well as air and artillery support from the U.S.) (<i>see the article <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_combat_operations_in_Afghanistan_in_2006" title="Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006">Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006</a></i>). The United States military also conducts military operations separate from NATO as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in other parts of Afghanistan, in areas such as Kandahar, Bagram, and Kabul (including <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Eggers" title="Camp Eggers">Camp Eggers</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Phoenix" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Phoenix">Camp Phoenix</a>.) </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="International_support">International support</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International support">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom</a></div> <p>The United States was supported by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_-_Afghanistan:_Allies" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan: Allies">several nations</a> during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan in 2001–2003 and in subsequent coalition operations directly or indirectly in support of OEF. See the article <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_War_order_of_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan War order of battle">Afghanistan War order of battle</a> for the disposition of coalition forces in Afghanistan as of 2012. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Result">Result</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Result">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"/><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399"/></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_Air_Support_(8260511841).jpg" class="image"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Close_Air_Support_%288260511841%29.jpg/220px-Close_Air_Support_%288260511841%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Close_Air_Support_%288260511841%29.jpg/330px-Close_Air_Support_%288260511841%29.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Close_Air_Support_%288260511841%29.jpg/440px-Close_Air_Support_%288260511841%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5226" data-file-height="3318"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_Air_Support_(8260511841).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-8B Harrier IIs</a> from the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>' <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMA-231" title="VMA-231">VMA-231</a> provide <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> over <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmand_Province" title="Helmand Province">Helmand Province</a> in December 2012.</div></div></div> <p>The U.S.-led coalition initially removed the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> from power and seriously crippled <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and associated militants in Afghanistan. However, success in quelling the Taliban insurgency since the 2001 invasion has faltered. As the war dragged on, the Taliban demonstrated they could not be defeated also thanks to sanctuary in neighboring Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> </p><p>On 9 October 2004, Afghanistan elected <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a> president in its first direct elections. The following year, Afghans conducted the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Afghan_parliamentary_election" title="2005 Afghan parliamentary election">2005 Afghan parliamentary election</a> on 18 September. Since the invasion, hundreds of schools and mosques have been constructed, millions of dollars in aid have been distributed, and the occurrence of violence has been reduced. </p><p>While military forces interdicted <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgents</a> and assured some form of security, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_reconstruction_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial reconstruction team">Provincial reconstruction teams</a> were tasked with infrastructure building, such as constructing roads and bridges, assisting during floods, and providing food and water to <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">refugees</a>. Many warlords have participated in an allegiance program, formally recognizing the legitimacy of the government of Afghanistan, and formally surrendering their soldiers and weapons. Subsequent actions have led to questions about their true loyalties. </p><p>The <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">Afghan National Army</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_National_Police" title="Afghan National Police">Afghan National Police</a>, and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_Border_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Border Police">Afghan Border Police</a> were being trained to assume the task of securing their nation. </p><p>On 31 December 2014, Operation Enduring Freedom concluded, and was succeeded by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Freedom%27s_Sentinel" title="Operation Freedom's Sentinel">Operation Freedom's Sentinel</a> on 1 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the US left Afghanistan to the Taliban under an agreement ensuring a safe passage for American forces out of the country by mid 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> On 15 August 2021, all of Afghanistan, besides Kabul, was back in the hands of Taliban. By August 31st, all US and allied forces departed the Hamid Karzai International Airport, thus ending any official operations within Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism">Criticism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of the War on Terror">Criticism of the War on Terror</a></div> <p>Hardliner newspapers in Iran and religious scholars in Lebanon suggested "Infinite Imperialism," "Infinite Arrogance," or "Infinite Injustice" might have been more appropriate name for the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> </p><p>AFP, reporting on a news story in the Sunday, 3 April 2004, issue of <i><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> wrote that retired Army Colonel Hy Rothstein, "who served in the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Army Special Forces</a> for more than 20 years, ...commissioned by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> to examine the war in Afghanistan concluded the conflict created conditions that have given 'warlordism, banditry and opium production a new lease on life'..." </p><p>The conduct of U.S. forces was criticised in a report entitled <i>Enduring Freedom – Abuses by U.S. Forces in Afghanistan</i> by U.S.-based human rights group <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> in 2004. Some Pakistani scholars, such as <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masood_Ashraf_Raja" title="Masood Ashraf Raja">Masood Ashraf Raja</a>, editor of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistaniaat:_A_Journal_of_Pakistan_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies">Pakistaniaat</a>, have also provided a more specific form of criticism that relates to the consequences of the Global War on Terrorism on the region.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_.E2.80.93_Philippines_.28OEF-P.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Philippines_(OEF-P)">Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines</a></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Abu_Sayyaf_Group">Abu Sayyaf Group</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Abu Sayyaf Group">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"/><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399"/></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al Harakat Al Islamiyya, is deemed a "foreign terrorist organization" by the United States government. Specifically, it is an <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> separatist group based in and around the southern islands of the Republic of the Philippines, primarily <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolo" title="Jolo">Jolo</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a>, and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64">[64]</a></sup> </p><p>Since inception in the early 1990s, the group has carried out <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing">bombings</a>, assassinations, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnappings</a>, and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a> in their fight for an independent Islamic state in western <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> and the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64">[64]</a></sup> Its claimed overarching goal is to create a Pan-Islamic superstate across the <i>Malay</i> portions of Southeast Asia, spanning, from east to west, the large island of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago (Basilan and Jolo islands), the large island of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> (Malaysia and Indonesia), the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, and the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> (<a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>, Thailand and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>). </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Jemaah_Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jemaah Islamiyah">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></div> <p>Jemaah Islamiyah is a <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militant_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant Islam">militant Islamic</a> terrorist organization dedicated to the establishment of a fundamentalist Islamic <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> in Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, the south of Thailand and the Philippines. Jemaah Islamiyah originally used peaceful means to achieve its goals, but later resorted to terrorism because of its connections with al-Qaeda.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> </p><p>Financial links between Jemaah Islamiyah and other terrorist groups, such as <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a> and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>, have been found to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> Jemaah Islamiyah means "Islamic Group" or "Islamic Community" and is often abbreviated JI. </p><p>Jemaah Islamiyah is thought to have killed hundreds of civilians. Also, it is suspected of carrying out the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Bali_terrorist_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Bali terrorist bombing">Bali car bombing</a> on 12 October 2002, in which suicide bombers attacked a nightclub killing 202 people and wounding many more. Most of the casualties were Australian tourists. After this attack, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department</a> designated Jemaah Islamiyah as a <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._State_Department_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations">Foreign Terrorist Organization</a>. Jemaah Islamiyah is also suspected of carrying out the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamboanga bombings">Zamboanga bombings</a>, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> bombings, the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Australian_embassy_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Australian embassy bombing">2004 Australian embassy bombing</a> and the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Bali_bombings" title="2005 Bali bombings">2005 Bali terrorist bombing</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._Actions">U.S. Actions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: U.S. Actions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In January 2002, 1,200 Members of <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command, Pacific</a> (SOCPAC) were deployed to the Philippines to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in uprooting al-Qaeda, Jemaah Islamiyah and Abu Sayyaf. The members of SOCPAC were assigned to assist in military operations against the terrorist forces as well as humanitarian operations for the island of Basilan, where most of the conflict was expected to take place. </p><p>The United States Special Forces (SF) Unit trained and equipped special forces and scout rangers of the AFP, creating the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_Reaction_Regiment" title="Light Reaction Regiment">Light Reaction Company (LRC)</a>. The LRC and elements of SOCPAC deployed to Basilan on completion of their training. The stated goals of the deployment were denying the ASG sanctuary, surveiling, controlling, and denying ASG routes, surveiling supporting villages and key personnel, conducting local training to overcome AFP weaknesses and sustain AFP strengths, supporting operations by the AFP "strike force" (LRC) in the area of responsibility (AOR), conducting and supporting civil affairs operations in the AOR.<sup id="cite_ref-autogeneratedmil_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogeneratedmil-67">[67]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Result_2">Result</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Result">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The desired result was for the AFP to gain sufficient capability to locate and destroy the ASG, to recover hostages and to enhance the legitimacy of the Philippine government. Much of the operation was a success: the ASG was driven from Basilan and one U.S. hostage was recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-autogeneratedmil_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogeneratedmil-67">[67]</a></sup> The Abu Sayyaf Group's ranks, which once counted more than 800 members, was reduced to less than 100. The humanitarian portion of the operation, Operation Smiles, created 14 schools, 7 clinics, 3 hospitals and provided medical care to over 18,000 residents of Basilan. Humanitarian groups were able to continue their work without fear of further kidnappings and terrorists attacks by the Abu Sayyaf Group.<sup id="cite_ref-Smiles_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smiles-31">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_.E2.80.93_Horn_of_Africa_.28OEF-HOA.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_–_Horn_of_Africa_(OEF-HOA)">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa</a></div> <p>Unlike other operations contained in Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF-HOA does not have a specific terrorist organization as a target. OEF-HOA instead focuses its efforts to disrupt and detect terrorist activities in the region and to work with host nations to deny the reemergence of terrorist cells and activities. Operations began in mid-2002 at <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Lemonnier" title="Camp Lemonnier">Camp Lemonnier</a> by a <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Combined_Joint_Special_Operations_Task_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force (page does not exist)">Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force</a> (CJSOTF) augmented by support forces from <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Stewart" title="Fort Stewart">Fort Stewart</a>, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Hood" title="Fort Hood">Fort Hood</a>, and <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Story">Fort Story</a>. In October 2002, the Combined Joint Task Force, Horn of Africa (<a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJTF-HOA" class="mw-redirect" title="CJTF-HOA">CJTF-HOA</a>) was established at Djibouti at <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Lemonnier" title="Camp Lemonnier">Camp Lemonnier</a>, taking over responsibilities from the CJSOTF. CJTF-HOA comprised approximately 2,000 personnel including U.S. military and Special Operations Forces (SOF), and coalition force members, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_Task_Force_150" title="Combined Task Force 150">Combined Task Force 150</a> (CTF-150). The coalition force consists of ships from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, India, Italy, Pakistan, New Zealand, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. The primary goal of the coalition forces is to monitor, inspect, board and stop suspected shipments from entering the Horn of Africa region. Since 2003, the U.S. Military also conducts operations targeting Al-Qaeda-linked fighters in Somalia, these operations had reportedly killed between 113 and 136 militants by early 2016. On 7 March 2016, a further 150 were killed in U.S. airstrikes on an al Shabaab training camp north of Mogadishu.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> </p><p>CJTF-HOA has devoted the majority of its efforts to train selected armed forces units of the countries of Djibouti, Kenya and Ethiopia in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency tactics. Humanitarian efforts conducted by CJTF-HOA include the rebuilding of schools and medical clinics, as well as providing medical services to those countries whose forces are being trained. The program expands as part of the Trans-Saharan Counter Terrorism Initiative as CJTF personnel also assist in training the forces of Chad, Niger, Mauritania and Mali.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._action">U.S. action</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: U.S. action">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>"Operation Enduring Freedom" </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg" class="image"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/220px-Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg/440px-Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="394"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_International_Security_Assistance_Force.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) patch</div></div></div> <ul><li>7 October 2001 – 28 December 2014</li> <li>Casualties U.S. Coalition: 3,486 Dead</li> <li>Taliban/Al-Qaeda:25,500–40,500 Dead</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097763485"/><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399"/></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Anti-piracy operations were undertaken by the coalition throughout 2006 with a <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_of_18_March_2006" title="Action of 18 March 2006">battle fought in March</a> when US vessels were attacked by pirates. In January 2007, during the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Somalia (2006–09)">war in Somalia</a>, an <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC-130" class="mw-redirect" title="AC-130">AC-130</a> airstrike was conducted against <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> members embedded with forces of the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a> (ICU) operating in southern Somalia near <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_Kamboni" title="Battle of Ras Kamboni">Ras Kamboni</a>. US naval forces, including the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="USS Dwight D. Eisenhower">USS <i>Dwight D. Eisenhower</i></a>, were positioned off the coast of Somalia to provide support and to prevent any al-Qaeda forces escaping by sea. Actions against pirates also occurred in June and October 2007 with varying amounts of success. </p><p>"Operation Resolute Support/Freedom's Sentinel" </p> <ul><li>1 January 2015 – Present</li> <li>Casualties U.S. Coalition: 1 January 2015 – Present | 70 Dead* – Subject to change<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup></li> <li>Taliban/Al-Qaeda:</li></ul> <p>Effective 1 January 2015, Secretary of Defense Hagel announced that the new U.S. mission in Afghanistan will focus on training, advising, and assisting Afghan security forces and designated as Operation Freedom's Sentinel. 19 About 13,500 U.S. troops are expected in Afghanistan through 2015 and will be assisted by troops from NATO allies. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Military_decorations">Military decorations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Military decorations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Since 2002, the United States military has created military awards and decorations related to Operation Enduring Freedom </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal" title="Afghanistan Campaign Medal">Afghanistan Campaign Medal</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> also created a military decoration related to Operation Enduring Freedom: </p> <ul><li>Non-Article 5 <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Herrick" title="Operation Herrick">Operation Herrick</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="Coalition casualties in Afghanistan">Coalition casualties in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" 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no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil.Ge+%26%23124%3B+Georgian+Soldier+Killed+in+Afghanistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civil.ge%2Feng%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D30328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_Washington_post-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-the_Washington_post_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/07/president-obama-likes-to-brag-about-the-terrorists-he-has-taken-out-how-many-is-that-exactly/">"How many terrorists has President Obama actually 'taken out'? Probably over 30,000"</a>. <i>the Washington post</i>. 7 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160307174957/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/07/president-obama-likes-to-brag-about-the-terrorists-he-has-taken-out-how-many-is-that-exactly/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Washington+post&rft.atitle=How+many+terrorists+has+President+Obama+actually+%27taken+out%27%3F+Probably+over+30%2C000.&rft.date=2015-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2015%2F12%2F07%2Fpresident-obama-likes-to-brag-about-the-terrorists-he-has-taken-out-how-many-is-that-exactly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">300 killed (2002–2007)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://mikeinmanila.wordpress.com/2007/01/20/abu-sayyaf-leader-janjalani-dead-us-military-releases-dna-test-on-corpse/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160307044243/https://mikeinmanila.wordpress.com/2007/01/20/abu-sayyaf-leader-janjalani-dead-us-military-releases-dna-test-on-corpse/">Archived</a> 7 March 2016 at the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 15 killed (February 2012)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/NB29Ae01.html">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120229023655/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/NB29Ae01.html">Archived</a> 29 February 2012 at the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/drones-graphs/">"The Bureau of Investigative Journalism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20150608135616/https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/drones-graphs/">Archived</a> 8 June 2015 at the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Somalia Datasheet. Retrieved 4 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, Helene. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/world/africa/us-airstrikes-somalia.html?_r=0">"US Strikes Kill 150 Shabab fighters in Somalia, officials say". Washington Post. 7 March 2016. "American warplanes on Saturday struck a training camp in Somalia belonging to the Islamist militant group the Shabab, the Pentagon said, killing about 150 fighters who United States officials said were preparing an attack against American troops and their regional allies in East Africa."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20170217224149/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/world/africa/us-airstrikes-somalia.html">Archived</a> 17 February 2017 at the <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/world/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts/index.html">"Operation Enduring Freedom Fast Facts"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20170822023919/http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/28/world/operation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Operation+Enduring+Freedom+Fast+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F10%2F28%2Fworld%2Foperation-enduring-freedom-fast-facts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philipps-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Philipps_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philipps_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFPhilipps2014" class="citation news cs1">Philipps, Dave (31 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/01/us/mission-ends-but-sacrifices-are-not-over-for-us-soldiers.html?mcubz=1&_r=0">"Mission Ends in Afghanistan, but Sacrifices Are Not Over for U.S. Soldiers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20170818012206/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/01/us/mission-ends-but-sacrifices-are-not-over-for-us-soldiers.html?mcubz=1&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mission+Ends+in+Afghanistan%2C+but+Sacrifices+Are+Not+Over+for+U.S.+Soldiers&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.aulast=Philipps&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F01%2F01%2Fus%2Fmission-ends-but-sacrifices-are-not-over-for-us-soldiers.html%3Fmcubz%3D1%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dempsey-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dempsey_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dempsey_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFDempsey2005" class="citation news cs1">Dempsey, Judy (20 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/20/world/asia/nato-to-add-to-afghanistan-troops.html?mcubz=1">"NATO to add to Afghanistan troops"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20170818012630/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/20/world/asia/nato-to-add-to-afghanistan-troops.html?mcubz=1">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NATO+to+add+to+Afghanistan+troops&rft.date=2005-07-20&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F07%2F20%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fnato-to-add-to-afghanistan-troops.html%3Fmcubz%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFDOD_News,_Defense_Media_Activity2014" class="citation news cs1">DOD News, Defense Media Activity (29 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.army.mil/article/140565/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end/">"Operation Enduring Freedom comes to an end"</a>. <i>U.S. Army</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20170818013803/https://www.army.mil/article/140565/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Army&rft.atitle=Operation+Enduring+Freedom+comes+to+an+end&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft.au=DOD+News%2C+Defense+Media+Activity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F140565%2FOperation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tilghman-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tilghman_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tilghman_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFTilghman2015" class="citation news cs1">Tilghman, Andrew (19 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/pentagon/2015/02/19/afghanistan-campaign-medal-extended-pentagon/23674869/">"Despite war's end, Pentagon extends Afghanistan campaign medal"</a>. <i>MilitaryTimes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20150221133600/http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/pentagon/2015/02/19/afghanistan-campaign-medal-extended-pentagon/23674869/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MilitaryTimes&rft.atitle=Despite+war%27s+end%2C+Pentagon+extends+Afghanistan+campaign+medal&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.aulast=Tilghman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fstory%2Fmilitary%2Fpentagon%2F2015%2F02%2F19%2Fafghanistan-campaign-medal-extended-pentagon%2F23674869%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span><br/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFSisk2014" class="citation news cs1">Sisk, Richard (29 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/12/29/amid-confusion-dod-names-new-mission-operation-freedoms.html">"Amid Confusion, DoD Names New Mission 'Operation Freedom's Sentinel'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Military.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20150228145121/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/12/29/amid-confusion-dod-names-new-mission-operation-freedoms.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military.com&rft.atitle=Amid+Confusion%2C+DoD+Names+New+Mission+%27Operation+Freedom%27s+Sentinel%27&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft.aulast=Sisk&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2014%2F12%2F29%2Famid-confusion-dod-names-new-mission-operation-freedoms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span><br/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFRosenbergScmittMazzetti2015" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Matthew; Scmitt, Eric; Mazzetti, Mark (12 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/world/asia/data-from-seized-computer-fuels-a-surge-in-us-raids-on-al-qaeda.html">"U.S. Is Escalating a Secretive War in Afghanistan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20150217052854/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/world/asia/data-from-seized-computer-fuels-a-surge-in-us-raids-on-al-qaeda.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Is+Escalating+a+Secretive+War+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Scmitt%2C+Eric&rft.au=Mazzetti%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F13%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fdata-from-seized-computer-fuels-a-surge-in-us-raids-on-al-qaeda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HELPING-GEORGIA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HELPING-GEORGIA_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HELPING-GEORGIA_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.bu.edu/iscip/vol12/areshidze.html">"Helping Georgia?"</a>. Boston University Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology and Policy. March–April 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20060907200921/http://www.bu.edu/iscip/vol12/areshidze.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helping+Georgia%3F&rft.pub=Boston+University+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Conflict%2C+Ideology+and+Policy&rft.date=2002-03%2F2002-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fiscip%2Fvol12%2Fareshidze.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamothe-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lamothe_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLamothe2014" class="citation news cs1">Lamothe, Dan (29 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/12/29/meet-operation-freedoms-sentinel-the-pentagons-new-mission-in-afghanistan/">"Meet Operation Freedom's Sentinel, the Pentagon's new mission in Afghanistan"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20171020025630/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/12/29/meet-operation-freedoms-sentinel-the-pentagons-new-mission-in-afghanistan/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Meet+Operation+Freedom%27s+Sentinel%2C+the+Pentagon%27s+new+mission+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft.aulast=Lamothe&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcheckpoint%2Fwp%2F2014%2F12%2F29%2Fmeet-operation-freedoms-sentinel-the-pentagons-new-mission-in-afghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEFover-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OEFover_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OEFover_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_Defense2014" class="citation web cs1">United States Department of Defense (December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=123887">"Obama, Hagel Mark End of Operation Enduring Freedom"</a>. <i>Defense</i>. United States of America: United States Department of Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20150314000513/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=123887">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense&rft.atitle=Obama%2C+Hagel+Mark+End+of+Operation+Enduring+Freedom&rft.date=2014-12&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D123887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonJohnstonOak2016" class="citation cs2">Robinson, Linda; Johnston, Patrick B.; Oak, Gillian S. (6 April 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1200/RR1236/RAND_RR1236.pdf"><i>U.S. Special Operations Forces in the Philippines, 2001–2014</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-9210-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-9210-6"><bdi>978-0-8330-9210-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20170819170049/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1200/RR1236/RAND_RR1236.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Special+Operations+Forces+in+the+Philippines%2C+2001%E2%80%932014&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+California&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2016-04-06&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-9210-6&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Patrick+B.&rft.au=Oak%2C+Gillian+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1200%2FRR1236%2FRAND_RR1236.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFTurse2015" class="citation news cs1">Turse, Nick (20 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.thenation.com/article/us-special-forces-are-operating-more-countries-you-can-imagine/">"US Special Operations Forces Are in More Countries Than You Can Imagine"</a>. <i>The Nation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20170818045939/https://www.thenation.com/article/us-special-forces-are-operating-more-countries-you-can-imagine/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=US+Special+Operations+Forces+Are+in+More+Countries+Than+You+Can+Imagine&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.aulast=Turse&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fus-special-forces-are-operating-more-countries-you-can-imagine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFSpencer_C._Tucker2010" class="citation book cs1">Spencer C. Tucker (8 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://books.google.com/books?id=U05OvsOPeKMC&pg=PA415"><i>The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 415. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-948-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-948-1"><bdi>978-1-85109-948-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160101094429/https://books.google.com/books?id=U05OvsOPeKMC&pg=PA415">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Middle+East+Wars%3A+The+United+States+in+the+Persian+Gulf%2C+Afghanistan%2C+and+Iraq+Conflicts+%26%2391%3B5+volumes%26%2393%3B%3A+The+United+States+in+the+Persian+Gulf%2C+Afghanistan%2C+and+Iraq+Conflicts&rft.pages=415&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-948-1&rft.au=Spencer+C.+Tucker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU05OvsOPeKMC%26pg%3DPA415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span><br/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_Monsour_ScurfieldKatherine_Theresa_Platoni2012" class="citation book cs1">Raymond Monsour Scurfield; Katherine Theresa Platoni (10 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://books.google.com/books?id=T--SxPDKjh4C&pg=PA268"><i>War Trauma and Its Wake: Expanding the Circle of Healing</i></a>. Routledge. p. 268. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-45788-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-45788-3"><bdi>978-1-136-45788-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160611044449/https://books.google.com/books?id=T--SxPDKjh4C&pg=PA268">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Trauma+and+Its+Wake%3A+Expanding+the+Circle+of+Healing&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.isbn=978-1-136-45788-3&rft.au=Raymond+Monsour+Scurfield&rft.au=Katherine+Theresa+Platoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT--SxPDKjh4C%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160101094429/http://www.dod.gov/dodgc/olc/docs/testStavridis080305.pdf"><i>Statement of Admiral James G. Stavridis, United States Navy Commander, United States Southern Command Before the House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, United States Southern Command, 5 March 2008, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.dod.gov/dodgc/olc/docs/testStavridis080305.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 January 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Admiral+James+G.+Stavridis%2C+United+States+Navy+Commander%2C+United+States+Southern+Command+Before+the+House+Committee+on+Appropriations+Subcommittee+on+Defense&rft.date=2008-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dod.gov%2Fdodgc%2Folc%2Fdocs%2FtestStavridis080305.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolger-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bolger_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFBolger2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_P._Bolger" title="Daniel P. Bolger">Bolger, Daniel P.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://books.google.com/books?id=keQBBQAAQBAJ&q=Operation%20Enduring%20Freedom%20%E2%80%93%20Caribbean%20and%20Central%20America%20(OEF-CCA)&pg=PR13"><i>Why We Lost: A General's Inside Account of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. xiii, 415. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780544370487" title="Special:BookSources/9780544370487"><bdi>9780544370487</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+We+Lost%3A+A+General%27s+Inside+Account+of+the+Iraq+and+Afghanistan+Wars&rft.pages=xiii%2C+415&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780544370487&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=Daniel+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkeQBBQAAQBAJ%26q%3DOperation%2520Enduring%2520Freedom%2520%25E2%2580%2593%2520Caribbean%2520and%2520Central%2520America%2520%28OEF-CCA%29%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.army.mil/article/140565/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end/">"Operation Enduring Freedom comes to an end"</a>. United States Army. 29 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20150224084435/http://www.army.mil/article/140565/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Enduring+Freedom+comes+to+an+end&rft.pub=United+States+Army&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F140565%2FOperation_Enduring_Freedom_comes_to_an_end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1563722.stm">"Infinite Justice, out – Enduring Freedom"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 September 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20071014221506/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1563722.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Infinite+Justice%2C+out+%E2%80%93+Enduring+Freedom&rft.date=2001-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F1563722.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain:_Parliament:_House_of_Commons:_Defence_Committee2006" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Defence Committee (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://books.google.com/books?id=q7-OVQvYUOUC&pg=PA39"><i>The UK Deployment to Afghanistan: Fifth Report of Session 2005–06; Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence</i></a>. The Stationery Office. p. 39. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-215-02828-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-215-02828-0"><bdi>978-0-215-02828-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160101094429/https://books.google.com/books?id=q7-OVQvYUOUC&pg=PA39">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+UK+Deployment+to+Afghanistan%3A+Fifth+Report+of+Session+2005%E2%80%9306%3B+Report%2C+Together+with+Formal+Minutes%2C+Oral+and+Written+Evidence&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-215-02828-0&rft.au=Great+Britain%3A+Parliament%3A+House+of+Commons%3A+Defence+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq7-OVQvYUOUC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFDavid_T._Zabecki_PhD2014" class="citation book cs1">David T. Zabecki PhD (28 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://books.google.com/books?id=rCWMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6"><i>Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History [4 volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 6. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-981-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-981-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-981-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160101094429/https://books.google.com/books?id=rCWMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+at+War%3A+400+Years+of+Military+History+%26%2391%3B4+volumes%26%2393%3B&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-981-3&rft.au=David+T.+Zabecki+PhD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrCWMBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2001/09/mil-010920-usia01.htm">"Bush Announces Start of a 'War on Terror'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Global security. 20 September 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20040722011453/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2001/09/mil-010920-usia01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bush+Announces+Start+of+a+%27War+on+Terror%27&rft.pub=Global+security&rft.date=2001-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Flibrary%2Fnews%2F2001%2F09%2Fmil-010920-usia01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2001/10/mil-011007-usia01.htm">"President Bush Announces Military Strikes in Afghanistan"</a>. Global security. 7 October 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20040722011503/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2001/10/mil-011007-usia01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Bush+Announces+Military+Strikes+in+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Global+security&rft.date=2001-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Flibrary%2Fnews%2F2001%2F10%2Fmil-011007-usia01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/enduring-freedom.htm">"Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan"</a>. Global security. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20040721094446/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/enduring-freedom.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20181028004104/http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/10/07/ret.attack.bush/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNN.com+%E2%80%93+Bush+announces+opening+of+attacks+%E2%80%93+October+7%2C+2001&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2001%2FUS%2F10%2F07%2Fret.attack.bush%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFKnowlton2001" class="citation news cs1">Knowlton, Brian (7 December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/07/news/rumsfeld-rejects-planto-allow-mullah-omar-to-live-in-dignity-taliban.html">"Rumsfeld Rejects PlanTo Allow Mullah Omar 'To Live in Dignity' : Taliban Fighters Agree to Surrender Kandahar"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+Rejects+PlanTo+Allow+Mullah+Omar+%27To+Live+in+Dignity%27+%3A+Taliban+Fighters+Agree+to+Surrender+Kandahar&rft.date=2001-12-07&rft.aulast=Knowlton&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F12%2F07%2Fnews%2Frumsfeld-rejects-planto-allow-mullah-omar-to-live-in-dignity-taliban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/dec/06/afghanistan.markoliver">"Taliban leader to surrender Kandahar"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheGuardian.com" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. 6 December 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Taliban+leader+to+surrender+Kandahar&rft.date=2001-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Fdec%2F06%2Fafghanistan.markoliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFKellner2003" class="citation book cs1">Kellner, Douglas (2003). <i>From 9/11 to terror war : the dangers of the Bush legacy</i>. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 145. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0585463255" title="Special:BookSources/0585463255"><bdi>0585463255</bdi></a>. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52802017">52802017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+9%2F11+to+terror+war+%3A+the+dangers+of+the+Bush+legacy&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52802017&rft.isbn=0585463255&rft.aulast=Kellner&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/operation-enduring-freedom-the-first-49-days-8/">"MEU(SOC)s in OEF-A – Special Operations Forces and Operation Enduring Freedom | Defense Media Network"</a>. <i>Defense Media Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20180620002020/https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/operation-enduring-freedom-the-first-49-days-8/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defense+Media+Network&rft.atitle=MEU%28SOC%29s+in+OEF-A+%E2%80%93+Special+Operations+Forces+and+Operation+Enduring+Freedom+%7C+Defense+Media+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensemedianetwork.com%2Fstories%2Foperation-enduring-freedom-the-first-49-days-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigitte L Nacos, 'Terrorism and Counterterrorism': Chapter 11, p.188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_Defense2015" class="citation web cs1">United States Department of Defense (19 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=128207">"Operation Freedom's Sentinel Qualifies for Campaign Medal"</a>. <i>Defense</i>. United States of America: United States Department of Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20150220080926/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=128207">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense&rft.atitle=Operation+Freedom%27s+Sentinel+Qualifies+for+Campaign+Medal&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D128207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-18/trump-calls-biden-s-afghanistan-exit-greatest-embarrassment">"Trump Calls Biden's Afghanistan Exit the 'Greatest Embarrassment'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Trump+Calls+Biden%27s+Afghanistan+Exit+the+%27Greatest+Embarrassment%27&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-08-18%2Ftrump-calls-biden-s-afghanistan-exit-greatest-embarrassment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFMashal2020" class="citation news cs1">Mashal, Mujib (29 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/world/asia/us-taliban-deal.html">"Taliban and U.S. Strike Deal to Withdraw American Troops from Afghanistan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Taliban+and+U.S.+Strike+Deal+to+Withdraw+American+Troops+from+Afghanistan&rft.date=2020-02-29&rft.aulast=Mashal&rft.aufirst=Mujib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F29%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fus-taliban-deal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2021/08/17/afghanistan-trump-deal-robert-crews-sot-nr-intl-hnk-vpx.cnn">"Historian: Trump's deal with Taliban created a 'roadmap toward a surrender' - CNN Video"</a>. 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historian%3A+Trump%27s+deal+with+Taliban+created+a+%27roadmap+toward+a+surrender%27+-+CNN+Video&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2021%2F08%2F17%2Fafghanistan-trump-deal-robert-crews-sot-nr-intl-hnk-vpx.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFGallKhapalwak2021" class="citation news cs1">Gall, Carlotta; Khapalwak, Ruhullah (16 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/world/asia/afghanistan-airport-evacuation-us-withdrawal.html">"Chaos Ensues at Kabul Airport as Americans Abandon Afghanistan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chaos+Ensues+at+Kabul+Airport+as+Americans+Abandon+Afghanistan&rft.date=2021-08-16&rft.aulast=Gall&rft.aufirst=Carlotta&rft.au=Khapalwak%2C+Ruhullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F08%2F16%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fafghanistan-airport-evacuation-us-withdrawal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/talibans-rapid-advance-across-afghanistan-2021-08-10/">"Chaos, desperation at Kabul airport as Biden defends withdrawal from Afghanistan"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Chaos%2C+desperation+at+Kabul+airport+as+Biden+defends+withdrawal+from+Afghanistan&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Ftalibans-rapid-advance-across-afghanistan-2021-08-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-18/trump-calls-biden-s-afghanistan-exit-greatest-embarrassment">"Trump Calls Biden's Afghanistan Exit the 'Greatest Embarrassment'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Trump+Calls+Biden%27s+Afghanistan+Exit+the+%27Greatest+Embarrassment%27&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-08-18%2Ftrump-calls-biden-s-afghanistan-exit-greatest-embarrassment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1560903.stm">"Analysis: Straw's visit divides Iran"</a>. 24 September 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20190219073303/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1560903.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+Straw%27s+visit+divides+Iran&rft.date=2001-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fpolitics%2F1560903.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2004" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Paul L. (2004). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://archive.org/details/osamasrevengenex00paul/page/68"><i>Osama's revenge : the next 9-11 : what the media and the government haven't told you</i></a></span>. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://archive.org/details/osamasrevengenex00paul/page/68">68</a>. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1591022525" title="Special:BookSources/1591022525"><bdi>1591022525</bdi></a>. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54823028">54823028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osama%27s+revenge+%3A+the+next+9-11+%3A+what+the+media+and+the+government+haven%27t+told+you&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54823028&rft.isbn=1591022525&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fosamasrevengenex00paul%2Fpage%2F68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFDower2010" class="citation book cs1">Dower, John W. (2010). <i>Cultures of War: Pearl Harbor / Hiroshima / 9-11 / Iraq</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 466. <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393080476" title="Special:BookSources/9780393080476"><bdi>9780393080476</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultures+of+War%3A+Pearl+Harbor+%2F+Hiroshima+%2F+9-11+%2F+Iraq&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780393080476&rft.aulast=Dower&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFMoaveni2001" class="citation news cs1">Moaveni, Azadeh (27 September – 3 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2001/553/fall72.htm">"As the British Foreign Secretary courts Iran to aid a US-led coalition against terrorism, Tehran struggles for consensus and considers the incentives for cooperation"</a>. <i>Al-Ahram Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20190219130115/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2001/553/fall72.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.army.mil/professionalwriting/volumes/volume2/june_2004/6_04_3.html">the original</a> on 12 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Yahoo news. 8 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20181105201035/https://news.yahoo.com/more-150-shebab-fighters-killed-us-drone-strike-171223047.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+strike+kills+at+least+150+al+Shebab+fighters+in+Somalia&rft.pub=Yahoo+news&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fmore-150-shebab-fighters-killed-us-drone-strike-171223047.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20061011050803/https://www.senate.gov/member/al/shelby/general/legislation/Terrorism.pdf"><i>Terrorism</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Washington, DC: Senate, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://www.senate.gov/member/al/shelby/general/legislation/Terrorism.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 October 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fmember%2Fal%2Fshelby%2Fgeneral%2Flegislation%2FTerrorism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://icasualties.org/">"iCasualties: Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom Casualties"</a>. <i>icasualties.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/https://web.archive.org/web/20160204203958/http://icasualties.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icasualties.org&rft.atitle=iCasualties%3A+Operation+Iraqi+Freedom+and+Operation+Enduring+Freedom+Casualties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficasualties.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFMaloney2005" class="citation cs2">Maloney, Sean M (2005), <i>Enduring the Freedom: A Rogue Historian in Afghanistan</i>, Washington, DC: Potomac Books, <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57488-953-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57488-953-2"><bdi>1-57488-953-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enduring+the+Freedom%3A+A+Rogue+Historian+in+Afghanistan&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57488-953-2&rft.aulast=Maloney&rft.aufirst=Sean+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Enduring+Freedom" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Enduring_Freedom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1134653256">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20230326193010im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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(2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193010/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/enduring_voices/"><i>Enduring Voices: Oral Histories of the US Army Experience in Afghanistan, 2003–2005</i></a>. Washington, DC: <a href="/web/20230326193010/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. 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