CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>William Francis Giauque – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )dewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januar","Februar","März","April","Mai","Juni","Juli","August","September","Oktober","November","Dezember"],"wgRequestId":"631fc1c8-15af-4319-9c54-4aa77de6be42","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"William_Francis_Giauque","wgTitle":"William Francis Giauque","wgCurRevisionId":245925487,"wgRevisionId":245925487,"wgArticleId":40411,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":[ "*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia:Weblink offline","Nobelpreisträger für Chemie","Physikochemiker","Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)","Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences","Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences","Mitglied der American Philosophical Society","Kanadier","Geboren 1895","Gestorben 1982","Mann"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"de","wgPageContentLanguage":"de","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"William_Francis_Giauque","wgRelevantArticleId":40411,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":245925487,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"de","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"de"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true, "tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q110073","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.citeRef":"ready","ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks":"ready","ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide":"ready","ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout":"ready","ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle":"ready","ext.gadget.NavFrame":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.createNewSection","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.gadget.CommonsDirekt","ext.gadget.donateLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=ext.gadget.NavFrame%2CciteRef%2CdefaultPlainlinks%2CdewikiCommonHide%2CdewikiCommonLayout%2CdewikiCommonStyle&only=styles&skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=de&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="William Francis Giauque – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Seite bearbeiten" href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (de)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom-Feed für „Wikipedia“" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-William_Francis_Giauque rootpage-William_Francis_Giauque skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Francis Giauque</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Zur Navigation springen</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Zur Suche springen</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>William Francis Giauque</b> (* <a href="/wiki/12._Mai" title="12. Mai">12. Mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> in <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(Ontario)" title="Niagara Falls (Ontario)">Niagara Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>; † <a href="/wiki/28._M%C3%A4rz" title="28. März">28. März</a> <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(Kalifornien)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley (Kalifornien)">Berkeley</a>) war ein <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">kanadisch</a>-<a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">amerikanischer</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemiker" title="Chemiker">Chemiker</a>, Nobelpreisträger (1949) und leistete grundlegende Beiträge zur <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamik" title="Thermodynamik">Thermodynamik</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Jugend"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Jugend</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Leben_und_Wirken"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Leben und Wirken</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Familiäres"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Familiäres</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Ehrungen"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Ehrungen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jugend">Jugend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Jugend" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Jugend"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Giauque besuchte zunächst eine Grundschule in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. 1908, nach dem Tod seines Vaters zog seine Mutter mit seinen zwei Geschwistern wieder zurück nach Niagara Falls in Kanada, wo er auf dem <i>Niagara Falls Collegiate Institute</i> bis zu seinem Abitur das Gymnasium (Secondary School) besuchte. Das von ihm angestrebte Studium eines Elektro-Ingenieurs konnte er wegen der angespannten finanziellen Verhältnisse in der Familie nicht antreten und arbeitete stattdessen in verschiedenen Kraftwerken um schon im Voraus Erfahrungen auf dem Gebiet der <a href="/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik">Elektrotechnik</a> zu machen. Auf eine Stellenanzeige der <i>Hooker Electro-Chemical Company</i>, einem Werk für die <a href="/wiki/Chloralkali-Elektrolyse" title="Chloralkali-Elektrolyse">Chloralkali-Elektrolyse</a> in einer Zeitung, bewarb sich Giauque dort um eine Stelle. Günstig für ihn, da sich das Werksgelände ebenfalls in <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(New_York)" title="Niagara Falls (New York)">Niagara Falls</a>, allerdings im Bundesstaat <a href="/wiki/New_York_(Bundesstaat)" title="New York (Bundesstaat)">New York</a> befand. Die Arbeit im Laboratorium des Unternehmens weckte sein Interesse an chemischen Prozessen und der Probleme, die damit verbunden waren und so beschloss er statt eines Ingenieurstudiums Chemie zu studieren. </p><p>Nach zwei Jahren bei der Hooker Company belegte Giauque auf dem <i>College of Chemistry</i> an der <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> ein Studium der Chemie, das er 1920 mit der höchsten Auszeichnung als <a href="/wiki/Bachelor" title="Bachelor">B.</a><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">S.</a> abschloss, bis 1921 zum <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a> des Jahres ernannt und von 1921 bis 1922 mit einem <i>James M. Goewey Fellowship</i> gewürdigt wurde, das mit einem Stipendium verbunden war<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Er promovierte 1922 mit einer Arbeit über die Gültigkeit der von <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Newton_Lewis" title="Gilbert Newton Lewis">Gilbert N. Lewis</a> und <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ernest_Gibson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ernest Gibson (Seite nicht vorhanden)">George Ernest Gibson</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, veröffentlichten These zur Gültigkeit des <a href="/wiki/Nernst-Theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Nernst-Theorem">dritten Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik</a>: <i>The third law of thermodynamics; evidence from the specific heats of glycerol that the entropy of a glass exceeds that of a crystal at the absolute zero</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zum Doktor der Chemie, wobei er Gibson als seinen Doktorvater gewinnen konnte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben_und_Wirken">Leben und Wirken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Leben und Wirken"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lewis erkannte früh die Genialität Giauques und bot ihm 1922 die Stelle seines Assistenten an. 1934 wurde er zum Professor ernannt. In dieser Zeit gelang ihm seine wichtigste Leistung auf dem Gebiet der Methode der <a href="/wiki/Adiabatische_Zustands%C3%A4nderung" title="Adiabatische Zustandsänderung">adiabatischen Zustandsänderung</a> zur <a href="/wiki/Entmagnetisierung" title="Entmagnetisierung">Entmagnetisierung</a> von Materialien und Stoffen, mit der er Temperaturen nahe dem Nullpunkt erreichen konnte und für die er 1949 den <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelpreis</a> erhielt. </p><p>Eine weitere wichtige Entdeckung Giauques war die Tatsache, dass die <a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff#Isotope" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoffisotope</a> 17 und 18, die bis dahin als <a href="/wiki/Reinelement" title="Reinelement">Reinelement</a> gegolten hatten und auf deren <a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a> von 16,00000 als Standardelement aufbaute, nicht dem Sachverhalt entsprach. Auf seine Anregung änderte 1961 die <i>International Commission of Atomic Weight</i> die definierte Atommasse 12,0000 des Kohlenstoffisotops 12 als neuen Standard ein. </p><p>Seit 1936 Mitglied der <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> unterrichtete Giauque an der <i>University of California</i> bis er 1982 emeritierte<sup id="cite_ref-NB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Familiäres"><span id="Famili.C3.A4res"></span>Familiäres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Familiäres" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Familiäres"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1932 heiratete Giauque <i>Muriel Francis Ashley</i>, mit der er zwei Söhne, <i>Robert David</i> und <i>William Francis</i>, hatte<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ehrungen">Ehrungen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Ehrungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Ehrungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1936 Chandler Medal<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1936 Ehrendoktorwürde der (Sc.D.) <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></li> <li>1936 Mitglied der <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li>!937 Die <a href="/wiki/Elliott-Cresson-Medaille" title="Elliott-Cresson-Medaille">Elliott-Cresson-Medaille</a> des <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institutes</a></li> <li>1949 Nobelpreis für Chemie</li> <li>1951 Die <a href="/wiki/Willard_Gibbs_Medal" title="Willard Gibbs Medal">Willard Gibbs Medal</a></li> <li>1956 die Gilbert Newton Lewis Medal<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mitglied der <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li>Mitglied der <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a></li> <li>Mitglied des <i>Institut International du Froid</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fellow der <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1949/summary/">Informationen</a> der <a href="/wiki/Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1949 an William Francis Giauque (englisch)<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=4AI5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA26&lpg=RA2-PA26&dq=James+M.+Goewey+fellow+University&source=bl&ots=lfQi0F8ndS&sig=ACfU3U0M20AOFnnZljV7gfLEP9NwVf4qnw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvs5f0_O7nAhWC-qQKHfYuCZwQ6AEwAnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=James%20M.%20Goewey%20fellow%20University&f=false">Google Books, S. 26-26</a> (englisch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb2t1nb146&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00013&toc.depth=1&toc.id="><i>George Ernest Gibson, Chemistry: Berkeley.</i></a> Calisphere; University of California,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 24. Februar 2020</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Francis+Giauque&rft.title=George+Ernest+Gibson%2C+Chemistry%3A+Berkeley&rft.description=George+Ernest+Gibson%2C+Chemistry%3A+Berkeley&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Ftexts.cdlib.org%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dhb2t1nb146%26doc.view%3Dframes%26chunk.id%3Ddiv00013%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3D&rft.publisher=Calisphere%3B+University+of+California&rft.date=&rft.language=englisch"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictree.org/chemistry/peopleinfo.php?pid=51958">Informationen</a> zu und <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictree.org/chemistry/tree.php?pid=51958">akademischer Stammbaum</a> von <i>William Francis Giauque</i> bei academictree.org, abgerufen am 7. Februar 2018.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NB_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1949/giauque/facts/"><i>William F. Giauque; Facts.</i></a> The Nobel Prize organisation, 12. Dezember 1949,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 25. Februar 2020</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Francis+Giauque&rft.title=William+F.+Giauque%3B+Facts&rft.description=William+F.+Giauque%3B+Facts&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fchemistry%2F1949%2Fgiauque%2Ffacts%2F&rft.publisher=The+Nobel+Prize+organisation&rft.date=1949-12-12&rft.language=englisch"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11511003.html"><i>William F. Giauque.</i></a> American Institute of Physiks,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27. Februar 2020</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Francis+Giauque&rft.title=William+F.+Giauque&rft.description=William+F.+Giauque&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fphn%2F11511003.html&rft.publisher=American+Institute+of+Physiks&rft.date=&rft.language=englisch"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jutta Berger: <i>Giauque, William Francis</i>, Lexikon der bedeutenden Naturwissenschaftler, 2007, Band 2; <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> GmbH, München; S. 100; <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3827418836" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8274-1883-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/83/2146/154"><i>Award of the Chandler Medal to Professor Giauque.</i></a> Science Magazine,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27. Februar 2020</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Francis+Giauque&rft.title=Award+of+the+Chandler+Medal+to+Professor+Giauque&rft.description=Award+of+the+Chandler+Medal+to+Professor+Giauque&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F83%2F2146%2F154&rft.publisher=Science+Magazine&rft.date=&rft.language=englisch"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=ovA2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=Gilbert+Newton+Lewis+Medal+Giauque&source=bl&ots=vCG2kKUmpq&sig=ACfU3U3aHbfSS2ojrNK6-rpEjO-QAuKo_A&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZxKT10_HnAhXNy6QKHRd9CNcQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Gilbert%20Newton%20Lewis%20Medal%20Giauque&f=false">Google Books, S. 127</a> (englisch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><i>Le froid pour le développement durable.</i> Institut International du Froid, ehemals im <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r235239667">.mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-position:center right;background-repeat:no-repeat}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:10px;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/MediaWiki_external_link_icon.svg")!important;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:0.857em;padding-right:1em!important}</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iifiir.org%2Fmedias%2Fmedias.aspx%3FINSTANCE%3DEXPLOITATION">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar)<span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27. Februar 2020</span> (französisch).<span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deadurl.invalid/http://www.iifiir.org/medias/medias.aspx?INSTANCE=EXPLOITATION">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iifiir.org/medias/medias.aspx?INSTANCE=EXPLOITATION">@2</a></span><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:Toter_Link/www.iifiir.org&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorlage:Toter Link/www.iifiir.org (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Vorlage:Toter Link/www.iifiir.org</a></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks" title="Wikipedia:Defekte Weblinks">Seite nicht mehr abrufbar</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timetravel.mementoweb.org/list/2010/http://www.iifiir.org/medias/medias.aspx?INSTANCE=EXPLOITATION">Suche in Webarchiven</a>)</small></span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Francis+Giauque&rft.title=Le+froid+pour+le+d%C3%A9veloppement+durable&rft.description=Le+froid+pour+le+d%C3%A9veloppement+durable&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iifiir.org%2Fmedias%2Fmedias.aspx%3FINSTANCE%3DEXPLOITATION&rft.publisher=Institut+International+du+Froid&rft.date=&rft.language=französisch"> </span></span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r248673343">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Chemie" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Chemie">Träger des Nobelpreises für Chemie</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a> | 1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">E. Fischer</a> | 1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a> | 1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a> | 1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">von Baeyer</a> | 1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a> | 1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a> | 1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> | 1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> | 1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a> | 1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a> | 1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(Chemiker)" title="Paul Sabatier (Chemiker)">Sabatier</a> | 1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner_(Chemiker)" title="Alfred Werner (Chemiker)">Werner</a> | 1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a> | 1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a> | 1916–1917: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> | 1919: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a> | 1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> | 1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a> | 1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a> | 1924: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a> | 1926: <a href="/wiki/The_Svedberg" title="The Svedberg">Svedberg</a> | 1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Wieland</a> | 1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a> | 1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a> | 1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer_(Chemiker)" title="Hans Fischer (Chemiker)">H. Fischer</a> | 1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a> | 1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> | 1933: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_C._Urey" title="Harold C. Urey">Urey</a> | 1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a> | 1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> | 1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a> | 1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> | 1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a> | 1940–1942: <i>nicht verliehen</i> | 1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">de Hevesy</a> | 1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> | 1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a> | 1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a> | 1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a> | 1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> | 1949: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Giauque</a> | 1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> | 1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Seaborg</a> | 1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_J._P._Martin" title="Archer J. P. Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_L._M._Synge" title="Richard L. M. Synge">Synge</a> | 1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> | 1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> | 1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vigneaud</a> | 1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Nikolajewitsch_Semjonow" title="Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow">Semjonow</a> | 1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd">Todd</a> | 1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> | 1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a> | 1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a> | 1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a> | 1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz" title="Max Ferdinand Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cowdery_Kendrew" title="John Cowdery Kendrew">Kendrew</a> | 1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a> | 1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> | 1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Woodward" title="Robert B. Woodward">Woodward</a> | 1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a> | 1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter,_Baron_Porter_of_Luddenham" title="George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham">Porter</a> | 1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a> | 1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_H._R._Barton" title="Derek H. R. Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a> | 1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a> | 1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a> | 1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a> | 1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a> | 1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a> | 1975: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Cornforth" title="John W. Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a> | 1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a> | 1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> | 1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> | 1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown" title="Herbert Charles Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a> | 1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> | 1981: <a href="/wiki/Fukui_Ken%E2%80%99ichi" title="Fukui Ken’ichi">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> | 1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> | 1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a> | 1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a> | 1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> | 1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Polanyi" title="John C. Polanyi">Polanyi</a> | 1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pedersen" title="Charles Pedersen">Pedersen</a> | 1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a> | 1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech" title="Thomas R. Cech">Cech</a> | 1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a> | 1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a> | 1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus" title="Rudolph Arthur Marcus">Marcus</a> | 1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(Chemiker)" title="Michael Smith (Chemiker)">Smith</a> | 1994: <a href="/wiki/George_A._Olah" title="George A. Olah">Olah</a> | 1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> | 1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Curl" title="Robert F. Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Smalley" title="Richard E. Smalley">Smalley</a> | 1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Delos_Boyer" title="Paul Delos Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a> | 1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Pople" title="John Anthony Pople">Pople</a> | 1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a> | 2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> | 2001: <a href="/wiki/William_S._Knowles" title="William S. Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> | 2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka" title="Kōichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a> | 2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a> | 2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a> | 2005: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Schrock</a> | 2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Kornberg</a> | 2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> | 2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a> | 2009: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Yonath</a> | 2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> | 2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Shechtman</a> | 2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a> | 2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a> | 2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a> | 2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a> | 2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a> | 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank_(Biologe)" title="Joachim Frank (Biologe)">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a> | 2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_H._Arnold" title="Frances H. Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a> | 2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a> | 2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_A._Doudna" title="Jennifer A. Doudna">Doudna</a> | 2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan_(Chemiker)" title="David MacMillan (Chemiker)">MacMillan</a> | 2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> | 2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Iwanowitsch_Jekimow" title="Alexei Iwanowitsch Jekimow">Jekimow</a> | 2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(Biochemiker)" title="David Baker (Biochemiker)">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">Jumper</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-p" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Person): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/108911754X">108911754X</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/108911754X">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=108911754X">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/108911754X">AKS</a></span>)</span> | <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n96004911">n96004911</a></span> | <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/265117185/">265117185</a></span> | <span class="noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://persondata.toolforge.org/p/William_Francis_Giauque">Wikipedia-Personensuche</a></span><span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div> <table class="metadata rahmenfarbe1" id="Vorlage_Personendaten" style="border-style: solid; margin-top: 20px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Personendaten" title="Hilfe:Personendaten">Personendaten</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">NAME </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;">Giauque, William Francis </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">KURZBESCHREIBUNG </td> <td>US-amerikanischer Chemiker, Nobelpreisträger für Chemie </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">GEBURTSDATUM </td> <td>12. Mai 1895 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">GEBURTSORT </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(Ontario)" title="Niagara Falls (Ontario)">Niagara Falls</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">STERBEDATUM </td> <td>28. März 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color: #aaa;">STERBEORT </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(Kalifornien)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley (Kalifornien)">Berkeley</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&oldid=245925487">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&oldid=245925487</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Chemie" title="Kategorie:Nobelpreisträger für Chemie">Nobelpreisträger für Chemie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Physikochemiker" title="Kategorie:Physikochemiker">Physikochemiker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Chemiker_(20._Jahrhundert)" title="Kategorie:Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)">Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kategorie:Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences">Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Kategorie:Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mitglied_der_American_Philosophical_Society" title="Kategorie:Mitglied der American Philosophical Society">Mitglied der American Philosophical Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Kanadier" title="Kategorie:Kanadier">Kanadier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Geboren_1895" title="Kategorie:Geboren 1895">Geboren 1895</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Gestorben_1982" title="Kategorie:Gestorben 1982">Gestorben 1982</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mann" title="Kategorie:Mann">Mann</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteckte Kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Wikipedia:Weblink_offline" title="Kategorie:Wikipedia:Weblink offline">Wikipedia:Weblink offline</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigationsmenü</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Meine Werkzeuge</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Benutzerseite der IP-Adresse, von der aus du Änderungen durchführst">Nicht angemeldet</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Diskussion über Änderungen von dieser IP-Adresse [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussionsseite</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beiträge</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=William+Francis+Giauque" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich."><span>Benutzerkonto erstellen</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=William+Francis+Giauque" title="Anmelden ist zwar keine Pflicht, wird aber gerne gesehen. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Anmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namensräume</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="Seiteninhalt anzeigen [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:William_Francis_Giauque" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion zum Seiteninhalt [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Deutsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Ansichten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque"><span>Lesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&veaction=edit" title="Diese Seite mit dem VisualEditor bearbeiten [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=edit" title="Den Quelltext dieser Seite bearbeiten [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=history" title="Frühere Versionen dieser Seite [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Versionsgeschichte</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="Weitere Optionen" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Weitere</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Suche</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia durchsuchen" aria-label="Wikipedia durchsuchen" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Durchsuche die Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spezial:Suche"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Suche nach Seiten, die diesen Text enthalten" value="Suchen"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Gehe direkt zu der Seite mit genau diesem Namen, falls sie vorhanden ist." value="Artikel"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigation</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite besuchen [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hauptseite</span></a></li><li id="n-topics" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wikipedia_nach_Themen"><span>Themenportale</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Zuf%C3%A4llige_Seite" title="Zufällige Seite aufrufen [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Zufälliger Artikel</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-Mitmachen" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-Mitmachen vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-Mitmachen-label" > <h3 id="p-Mitmachen-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Mitmachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Artikel-verbessern" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Beteiligen"><span>Artikel verbessern</span></a></li><li id="n-Neuerartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Neuen_Artikel_anlegen"><span>Neuen Artikel anlegen</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autorenportal" title="Info-Zentrum über Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten"><span>Autorenportal</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hilfe:%C3%9Cbersicht" title="Übersicht über Hilfeseiten"><span>Hilfe</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen" title="Liste der letzten Änderungen in Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Letzte Änderungen</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt" title="Kontaktmöglichkeiten"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_de.wikipedia.org&uselang=de" title="Unterstütze uns"><span>Spenden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Werkzeuge</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/William_Francis_Giauque" title="Liste aller Seiten, die hierher verlinken [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links auf diese Seite</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/William_Francis_Giauque" rel="nofollow" title="Letzte Änderungen an Seiten, die von hier verlinkt sind [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Änderungen an verlinkten Seiten</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezialseiten" title="Liste aller Spezialseiten [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spezialseiten</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&oldid=245925487" title="Dauerhafter Link zu dieser Seitenversion"><span>Permanenter Link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Seiteninformationen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&page=William_Francis_Giauque&id=245925487&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Artikel zitieren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_Francis_Giauque"><span>Kurzlink</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_Francis_Giauque"><span>QR-Code herunterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" > <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Drucken/exportieren</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=William_Francis_Giauque&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Projekten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110073" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83" title="ويليام جيوك – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام جيوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83" title="ويليام جيوك – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام جيوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Ciok" title="Vilyam Ciok – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Ciok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویلیام جیوک – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام جیوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%91%D0%BA" title="Уільям Фрэнсіс Джыёк – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Фрэнсіс Джыёк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Уилям Джиок – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Джиок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%95" title="উইলিয়াম ফ্রান্সিস জিওক – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম ফ্রান্সিস জিওক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویلیام جیوک – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام جیوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Gälisch (Schottland)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gälisch (Schottland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ויליאם פרנסיס ג'יוק – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם פרנסיס ג'יוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Giauque" title="William F. Giauque – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William F. Giauque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ウイリアム・ジオーク – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウイリアム・ジオーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ჯიოკი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ ჯიოკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿಲಿಯಮ್ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ಜಿಯೋಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಮ್ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ಜಿಯೋಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%ED%81%AC" title="윌리엄 지오크 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 지오크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Franciscus_Giauque" title="Gulielmus Franciscus Giauque – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Franciscus Giauque" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Виллиам Жиок – Mongolisch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Виллиам Жиок" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA" title="ဝီလီယမ် ဖရန့်စစ် ဂျီအော့ခ် – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီလီယမ် ဖရန့်စစ် ဂျီအော့ခ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویلیام جیوک – Masanderanisch" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلیام جیوک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Niederdeutsch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niederdeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولیم جیوک – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم جیوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Джиок, Уильям Фрэнсис – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джиок, Уильям Фрэнсис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%8F%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Вилијам Џиок – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам Џиок" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D2%96%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Вильям Җиок – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вильям Җиок" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Вільям Френсіс Джіок – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Френсіс Джіок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولیم جیوک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم جیوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B" title="威廉·吉奥克 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·吉奥克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110073#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 15. Juni 2024 um 10:30 Uhr bearbeitet.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><div id="footer-info-copyright-stats" class="noprint"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/?pages=William_Francis_Giauque&project=de.wikipedia.org">Abrufstatistik</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmcloud.org/authorship/de.wikipedia.org/William_Francis_Giauque?uselang=de">Autoren</a> </div><div id="footer-info-copyright-separator"><br /></div><div id="footer-info-copyright-info"> <p>Der Text ist unter der Lizenz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">„Creative-Commons Namensnennung – Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen“</a> verfügbar; Informationen zu den Urhebern und zum Lizenzstatus eingebundener Mediendateien (etwa Bilder oder Videos) können im Regelfall durch Anklicken dieser abgerufen werden. Möglicherweise unterliegen die Inhalte jeweils zusätzlichen Bedingungen. Durch die Nutzung dieser Website erklären Sie sich mit den <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/de">Nutzungsbedingungen</a> und der <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy/de">Datenschutzrichtlinie</a></span> einverstanden.<br /> </p> Wikipedia® ist eine eingetragene Marke der Wikimedia Foundation Inc.</div></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/de">Datenschutz</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%9Cber_Wikipedia">Über Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Impressum">Impressum</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Verhaltenskodex</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Entwickler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/de.wikipedia.org">Statistiken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Stellungnahme zu Cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//de.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Francis_Giauque&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile Ansicht</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nbpzk","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.265","walltime":"0.371","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2382,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":50394,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15650,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11301,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 314.015 1 -total"," 48.80% 153.235 5 Vorlage:Internetquelle"," 24.74% 77.683 1 Vorlage:Normdaten"," 8.10% 25.443 1 Vorlage:Hinweisbaustein"," 7.96% 24.993 1 Vorlage:Academictree"," 7.40% 23.248 1 Vorlage:Navigationsleiste_Träger_des_Nobelpreises_in_Chemie"," 6.80% 21.342 1 Vorlage:Nobel-ch"," 6.21% 19.487 1 Vorlage:Navigationsleiste"," 5.98% 18.772 5 Vorlage:Str_len"," 4.70% 14.774 1 Vorlage:NavFrame"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.096","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2851593,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-82sg8","timestamp":"20241122013015","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"William Francis Giauque","url":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Francis_Giauque","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q110073","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q110073","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-23T08:55:45Z","headline":"US-amerikanischer Chemiker, Nobelpreistr\u00e4ger f\u00fcr Chemie"}</script> </body> </html>