CINXE.COM

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region-banners"> <div id="block-block-26" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="container_12"><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/account/novus-bio-techne/login?_ga=2.17257593.151271452<br />
5.1724696046-473375462.1712005244" style="margin: 0 10px;" target="_blank"><img alt="Novus Biologicals products are now on bio-techne.com" src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/ready-to-buy-novus-products-login.png" style="height:120px; width:940px" /></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <h1>Flow Cytometry Control and Standardization Beads</h1> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="grid_16"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-et-messages-et-messages-block" class="block block-et-messages"> <div class="content"> <span></span> </div> </div> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div id="node-41906921" class="node node-page clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="6"> <tr> <td width="264" valign="top" style="width:220px;"> <p><b><u>Related Links</u></b></p> <p><a href="https://info.bio-techne.com/flow-cytometry-handbook.html?utm_source=novusbio.com&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Flow%20Cytometry%20handbook&utm_term=flow%20protocol%20detergents&utm_content=banner" target="_blank">Flow Cytometry Handbook</a></p> <p><a href="/application/flow-cytometry">Flow Cytometry Resources</a> </p> <p> <a href="/spectraviewer">Spectra Viewer</a></p> <p><a href="/novusknowsflow.html">Flow Cytometry Panel Builder</a></p> </td> <td width="667"> <a name="top"></a> <table width="85%" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="6" align="center"> <tr align="center"> <td><p><a href="#calibration"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/button-calibration2.png"></a></p></td> <td><p><a href="#compensation"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/button-compensation2.png"></a></a></p></td> <td><p><a href="#cell-counting"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/button-cell-counting2.png"></a></a></p></td> </tr> </table> <p><a href="/application/flow-cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a> is a technique for quantifying characteristics of cells such as cell number, size and complexity, fluorescence, phenotype, and viability. Collecting accurate flow cytometry data is dependent on proper flow cytometer maintenance and experimental setup. Using quality control beads minimizes variation in instrument alignment, allows for more precision across longitudinal studies, and contributes to more reliable data comparisons from site-to-site and user-to-user. Several types of flow cytometry control beads are available to calibrate, standardize, and control the flow cytometer and resulting data. We offer beads specific for 1) <strong>calibration</strong>, 2) <strong>compensation </strong>and 3) <strong>cell counting</strong>. Using bead controls and standards helps ensure that your instrument is operating properly and that your data is both reproducible and reliable.</p> <table> <tr> <td><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/hcd4-hcd25-dot-474px.png" alt="Dot plots showing activated human CD3+ T-cells stained with antibodies against hCD4 A700 and hCD25 APC, with and without compensation." width="350" title="Dot plots of hCD4 and hCD25 with and without compensation." ></td> <td><p> <em>Uncompensated versus compensated data. Human CD3+ T cells were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 for 7 days. The cells were stained with antibodies against hCD4 A700 [</em><a href="/products/cd4-antibody-11830_fab3791n"><em>FAB3791N</em></a><em>] and hCD25 APC [</em><a href="/products/cd25-il-2r-alpha-antibody-24212_fab1020a"><em>FAB1020A</em></a><em>]. Dot plot of hCD4 and hCD25 without compensation (a) and with compensation applied (b). From </em><a href="https://info.bio-techne.com/flow-cytometry-handbook.html?utm_source=novusbio.com&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Flow%20Cytometry%20handbook&utm_term=flow%20protocol%20detergents&utm_content=banner" target="_blank"><em>Flow Cytometry Handbook</em></a><em> (Figure 8).</em></p></td> </tr> </table> <br/> <h2>Why use Flow Cytometry Quality Control Beads?</h2> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" width="700px" title="Benefits of flow cytometry beads for calibration, compensation, and counting." alt="Calibration, compensation, and counting beads are useful tools for flow cytometry to improve confidence and reliability in your experiment. "> <tr bgcolor="#005F9E"> <td valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Calibration Beads</span> </td> <td valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Compensation Beads</span> </td> <td valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Counting Beads</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <ul> <li> <strong>More precise </strong>set up of a flow cytometer for peak performance and alignment </li> <li><strong>Confidence</strong> in comparing results from longitudinal studies and across multiple sites and instruments </li> <li><strong>Consistent</strong> bead sizing and fluorescence ensures experiments can be reproduced </li> </ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul> <li><strong>Reliable</strong> setting of gating and voltage constraints </li> <li><strong>Minimize fluorescence spillover </strong>when running a large multicolor panel </li> <li><strong>Less sample</strong> used = cells saved for experiments instead of controls </li> </ul></td> <td valign="top"> <ul> <li><strong>Accuracy</strong> in determining the absolute cell number or cell concentration </li> <li><strong>Robust</strong> method for quickly calculating cell number from a single platform </li> </ul> </td> <tr> </table> <br/> <p align="center"> <a href="/novusknowsflow.html"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/we-bad_flow-cytometry-panel-builder.jpg" alt="Quickly build a multicolor flow cytometry panel and find compatible products by utilizing Novus’ Flow Cytometry Panel Builder Tool. " title="Novus’ Flow Cytometry Panel Builder Resource Tool." border="0" ></a> </p> <br/> <h2>Different Types of Bead Controls:</h2> <a name="calibration"></a> <h3>Calibration (Quality Control) Particles</h3> <p>Calibration particles have a defined particle size and fluorescence intensity. When used to adjust a flow cytometer, fluorescence intensity is converted from an arbitrary unit to the standard unit of measurement, molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) units. Instrument calibration not only allows for normalization of results from day-to-day instrument variation but also allows researchers to confidently carryout longitudinal studies and ensures consistency across multiple instruments and laboratories. Specifically, calibration particles are important for determining instrument sensitivity and linearity. Sensitivity refers to both the smallest amount of light that can be detected and the ability to distinguish cells with a dim fluorescence intensity from unstained cells. Control beads ensure instrument linearity by means of voltage optimization and verifying that the fluorescence in each channel is on scale. </p> <p>Our calibration beads are sets of similar sized particles with varying fluorescence intensities that are suitable for a range of channels from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR). For convenience, the particles come in an easy to use dropper bottle and remain stable for many years even with repeated freeze/thaws.</p> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" width="700px" title="Calibration Particles for flow cytometry, Novus Biologicals." alt="Novus offers multiple types of flow cytometry rainbow calibration particle products including 6- and 8-peak kits sets as well as a max rainbow fluorescent set."> <tr bgcolor="#005F9E"> <td width="179" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Product Name</span> </td> <td width="111" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Catalog Number</span> </td> <td width="119" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Functionality</span> </td> <td width="123" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Particle Size</span> </td> <td width="104" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Laser Compatibility</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> Rainbow Calibration Particle Set (8 peaks) </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/rainbow-calibration-particle-set-8-peaks-_nbp3-00504">NBP3-00504</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Flow Cytometer Calibration </td> <td valign="top"> 3.0 – 3.4 μm </td> <td valign="top"> 365-650 nm </td> <tr> <td valign="top"> Rainbow Calibration Particle Set (6 peaks) </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/rainbow-calibration-particle-set-6-peaks-_nbp3-00505">NBP3-00505</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Flow Cytometer Calibration </td> <td valign="top"> 3.2 (+/- 0.1) μm </td> <td valign="top"> 365-650 nm </td> <tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> Rainbow Calibration Particle Set (8 peaks - EAL01) </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/rainbow-calibration-particle-set-8-peaks-eal01-_nbp3-00506">NBP3-00506</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Flow Cytometer Calibration </td> <td valign="top"> 3.0 – 3.4 μm </td> <td valign="top"> 365-650 nm </td> <tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> Max Rainbow Fluorescent Particle Set </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/max-rainbow-fluorescent-particle-set-01-03-um-_nbp3-00507">NBP3-00507</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Flow Cytometer Calibration </td> <td valign="top"> 0.1 – 0.3 μm </td> <td valign="top"> UV – IR </td> <tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> Ultra Rainbow Calibration ERF Particle Set (6 peaks) </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/ultra-rainbow-calibration-erf-particle-set-6-peaks-_nbp3-11817">NBP3-11817</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Fluorescent Unit Standardization </td> <td valign="top"> 3.5-3.9 μm </td> <td valign="top"> 405-650 nm </td> <tr> </table> <br/> <p align="center"> <img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/calibration-particle-data2-700px.jpg" alt="PE Log and PE-Texas Red Log scatter dot plots with 8 populations and representative histograms showing 8 peaks generated from Rainbow Calibration Particle Set (8 peaks). " title="Log scatter and histograms generated from the rainbow calibration particle set."></p> <p><em>Rainbow Calibration Particle Set (8 peaks) [</em><a href="/products/rainbow-calibration-particle-set-8-peaks-_nbp3-00504"><em>NBP3-00504</em></a><em>] - PE Log x PE-Texas Red (TR) Log scatter dot plots with 8 different populations. Based on these gates, histograms show 8 peaks in the PE and PE-TR channels. <strong>Note:</strong> FITC and PE-Cy5 histograms not shown for brevity.</em></p> <p align="center"> <a href="#top">back to the top</a> </p> <br/> <a name="compensation"></a> <h3>Compensation Beads</h3> <p>Compensation beads are used to help set reliable and precise flow cytometer gating and voltage constraints to account for fluorescence spillover, which occurs when a fluorophore emits photons in multiple detectors. The beads serve as a quality control for fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies minimizing the effects of spectral spillover between multiple fluorochromes and flow cytometer channels. Setting parameters with compensation beads ensure a detector will only measure fluorescence emission from the appropriate fluorochrome, providing more confidence in the analysis of cell populations. Since positive compensation control beads are coated with a species-specific antibody, it is important to choose beads that will bind the host species of your fluorochrome-conjugated antibody. We offer a variety of compensation beads to fit your specific compensation needs. Our beads deliver bright, uniform staining for determining compensation of even rare colors in your sample.</p> <br/> <p align="center"> <img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/negative-positive-beads3-600px.png" alt="Dot plots showing activated human CD3+ T-cells stained with antibodies against hCD4 A700 and hCD25 APC, with and without compensation." width="500" title="Dot plots of hCD4 and hCD25 with and without compensation."><br> <em>Schematic of a negative and positive compensation bead particle highlighting the positive control bead coating with the species-specific antibody (blue) which binds to fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies (purple).</em></p> <br/> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" width="700" title="Compensation beads for flow cytometry, Novus Biologicals." alt="Novus offers multiple types of flow cytometry compensation bead kits and stand-alone particles for immunophenotyping, GFP capture, cell viability, and a negative control. "> <tr bgcolor="#005F9E"> <td width="137" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Product Name</span> </td> <td width="127" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Catalog Number</span> </td> <td width="134" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Functionality</span> </td> <td width="101" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Particle Size</span> </td> <td width="137" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Laser Compatibility</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> Anti-Mouse Ig (H+L) Comp-Bead 2 Population (3.0-3.4 um) Kit </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/anti-mouse-ig-h-l-comp-bead-2-population-30-34-um-kit_nbp3-11302">NBP3-11302</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Immunophenotyping species reactivity- mouse, rat, and hamster </td> <td valign="top">3.0-3.4 μm </td> <td valign="top">UV – near IR</td> <tr> <td valign="top"> Anti-Mouse Ig (H+L) Comp-Bead 3 Population (5.5 µm) Kit </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/anti-mouse-ig-h-l-comp-bead-3-population-55-um-kit_nbp3-00497">NBP3-00497</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Immunophenotyping<br> species reactivity- mouse, rat, and hamster </td> <td valign="top"> 5.0 – 5.9 μm </td> <td valign="top">UV – near IR</td> <tr> <td valign="top"> Anti-Mouse Ig (H+L) Comp-Bead 3 Population (7.5 μm) Kit </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/anti-mouse-ig-h-l-comp-bead-3-population-75-um-kit_nbp3-00499">NBP3-00499</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Immunophenotyping<br> species reactivity- mouse, rat, and hamster </td> <td valign="top"> 7.0 – 7.9 μm </td> <td valign="top"> UV – near IR</td> <tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> Blank Comp-Bead Particles </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/blank-comp-bead-particles_nbp3-00500">NBP3-00500</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Negative Control – no antibody binding capacity </td> <td valign="top"> 3.0 – 3.4 μm </td> <td valign="top"> Most standard lasers. From UV – 633 nm </td> <tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> GFP Comp-Bead Particles </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/gfp-comp-bead-particles_nbp3-00503">NBP3-00503</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) capture </td> <td valign="top">3.0 – 3.4 μm </td> <td valign="top"> 488 nm </td> <tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> Amine Reactive Comp-Bead 2 Population Kit </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/amine-reactive-comp-bead-2-population-kit_nbp3-00496">NBP3-00496</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Cell viability of animal cells, bacteria, yeast, and fungi<br> Labeling of amine-reactive dyes when setting compensation </td> <td valign="top"> 7.0 – 7.9 μm </td> <td valign="top"> Most standard lasers. From UV – 633 nm </td> <tr> </table> <br/> <table> <tr> <td width="331"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/dot-plots-anti-mouse-ig-bead-kit-311px.jpg" alt="Dot plots showing activated human CD3+ T-cells stained with antibodies against hCD4 A700 and hCD25 APC, with and without compensation." title="Dot plots of hCD4 and hCD25 with and without compensation."> </td> <td width="363"> <em>Anti-Mouse Ig (H+L) Comp-Bead 3 Population (5.5 µm) [</em><a href="/products/anti-mouse-ig-h-l-comp-bead-3-population-55-um-kit_nbp3-00497"><em>NBP3-00497</em></a><em>] - Dot plots of the anti-mouse Ig (H+L) Comp-Bead 3 Population Kit exposed to mouse monoclonal fluorescent conjugates, FITC (left) and APC (right).</em></td> </tr> </table> <p align="center"> <a href="#top">back to the top</a> </p> <br/> <a name="cell-counting"></a> <h3>Cell Counting Beads</h3> <p>Cell counting beads provide an easy, streamlined method for determining the concentration of cells or absolute cell count of your sample. Cell counting beads are conveniently supplied with a known number of particles per mL. An exact volume of counting bead particles is mixed with a known cell sample volume and analyzed via flow cytometry. A set number of events are collected from both the counting beads and cell sample. The ratio of these is then compared to determine the number of cells in the sample. See the procedure below for specifics on how to use our counting bead particles and perform calculations. </p> <p>Our <a href="/products/absolute-rainbow-cell-count-particle-set_nbp3-00495">Absolute Rainbow Cell Counting Particles</a> span a range of particle sizes to provide coverage of the sample cell size being counted. Additionally, they are suitable for use in multiple fluorescent channels, including FITC, PE, PE-TR, PE-Cy5, and APC.</p> <br/> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" width="700px" title="Absolute Rainbow Cell Count Particle Set, Novus Biologicals." alt="Novus offers an Absolute Rainbow Cell Count Particle Set for determine the absolute cell number or cell concentration in a sample during flow cytometry. "> <tr bgcolor="#005F9E"> <td width="166" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Product Name</span> </td> <td width="115" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Catalog Number</span> </td> <td width="126" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Functionality</span> </td> <td width="100" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Particle Size</span> </td> <td width="129" valign="top"> <span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold;">Laser Compatibility</span> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td valign="top"> Absolute Rainbow Cell Count Particle Set </td> <td valign="top"> <a href="/products/absolute-rainbow-cell-count-particle-set_nbp3-00495">NBP3-00495</a> </td> <td valign="top"> Absolute Cell Count </td> <td valign="top"> 8.0 – 12.9 μm </td> <td valign="top"> 488 – 633 nm </td> </tr> </table> <br/> <p align="center"> <img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/rainbow-counting-beads-NK-cells-600px.jpg" alt="SSC and FSC plots showing NK cells cultured and assessed for killing with Mito-Mark Green-labeled K562 cells and Janelia Fluor 406-labeled NK cells. Cell Counts were normalized with Absolute Rainbow Cell Counting Particles across different K562:NK ratios so amount of cell killing could be quantified." width="500" title="Rainbow counting beads used to quantify NK cell killing of K562 cells." ></p> <p><em>Rainbow counting beads can be used to quantify NK cell killing of K562 cells. NK cells cultured for 14 days were assessed for killing with K562 cells. K562 cells were labeled with Mito-Mark Green and NK cells were labeled with </em><a href="/search?facet_conjugate=Janelia%20Fluor%20646"><em>Janelia Fluor</em><em>®</em><em>646</em></a><em>. Cell counts were normalized using Absolute Rainbow Cell Counting Particles [</em><a href="/products/absolute-rainbow-cell-count-particle-set_nbp3-00495"><em>NBP3-00495</em></a><em>]</em><em> (labeled as beads in each FSC/SSC plot) across different K562:NK ratios so that the amount of cell killing could be accurately quantitated. (<strong>A</strong>) K562 cells alone (top panels) do not show any cell killing; NK cells added at a 5:1 ratio with K562 cells (bottom panels), show significant cell killing as shown by Mito-Mark Green dilution (<strong>B</strong>). </em></p> <br/> <h2>How to Use Rainbow Cell Count Particles</h2> <p><em><strong>Note:</strong> Shake bottle vigorously or vortex briefly before use.</em></p> <ol> <li>Add the monoclonal antibody of your choice to 100 μL of test sample. </li> <li>Incubate, lyse, wash, and then resuspend in 1 - 2 mL PBS. <br> <em>Note:</em> If staining and lysing are not needed, mix a known volume of test sample in 1 - 2 mL PBS.</li> <li>Add exactly 50 μL of Absolute Rainbow Cell Count Particles to the suspension. </li> <li>Run the sample in the flow cytometer and collect events for the Absolute Rainbow Cell Count Particles and your test sample. </li> <li>Calculate the number of cells accordingly: (A/B) x (C/D) = Number of cells per μL where<br> <div style="margin-left:35px;">A = number of events for the test sample<br> B = number of events for the Absolute Rainbow Cell Count Particles<br> C = number of Absolute Rainbow Cell Count Particles per 50 μL<br> D = volume of the initial test sample</div> </li> </ol> <br/> <h2>Flow Cytometry Resources and Support</h2> <table align="center"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50%"> <p><a href="https://info.bio-techne.com/flow-cytometry-handbook.html?utm_source=novusbio.com&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=Flow%20Cytometry%20handbook&utm_term=flow%20protocol%20detergents&utm_content=banner" target="_blank">Flow Cytometry Handbook</a><br> <a href="/application/flow-cytometry">Flow Cytometry Resources</a> <br> <a href="/spectraviewer">Spectra Viewer</a> <br> <a href="/novusknowsflow.html">Flow Cytometry Panel Builder</a></p></td> <td width="50%"> <p><strong>Flow Cytometry Protocols:</strong><br> <a href="/support/support-by-application/flow-cytometry/protocol.html">General Flow Cytometry Protocol</a> <br> <a href="/support/support-by-application/general-extracellular-target-flow-protocol">Extracellular Flow Cytometry Protocol</a> <br> <a href="/support/support-by-application/general-intracellular-cytoplasmic-target-flow-protocol-using-alcohol">Intracellular Flow Cytometry with Alcohol Protocol</a> <br> <a href="/support/support-by-application/general-intracellular-cytoplasmic-target-flow-protocol-using-alcohol">Intracellular Flow Cytometry with Detergent Protocol</a></p> <br clear="all"> </td> </tr> </table> <br/> <p align="center"> <a href="/spectraviewer"><img src="https://images.novusbio.com/design/NB-spectra-viewer-ad2-635px.jpg" alt="Novus’ Spectra Viewer resource tool to easily visualize your multi-color panel and ensure channel separation of fluorophores. " title="Novus’ Spectra Viewer Resource Tool." border="0" ></a> </p> <p align="center"> <a href="#top">back to the top</a> </p> <br/> <h3>Select References</h3> <p>Goetz, C., Hammerbeck, C., & Bonnevier, J. (2018). <a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319980706" target="_blank">Flow Cytometry Basics for the Non-Expert</a><em>. </em>Springer International Publishing.<br> Retrieved from <a href="http://www.springer.com" target="_blank">www.springer.com</a></p> <p>Perfetto, S. P., Ambrozak, D., Nguyen, R., Chattopadhyay, P. K., & Roederer, M. (2012). <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2012.126" target="_blank">Quality assurance for polychromatic flow cytometry using a suite of calibration beads</a>. <em>Nature protocols</em>. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.126</p> <p>Wang, L., & Hoffman, R.A. (2017). <a href="https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=921423" target="_blank">Standardization, calibration, and control in flow cytometry</a>. <em>Curr. Protoc. Cytom.</em> https://doi: 10.1002/cpcy.14 </p> </td> </tr> </table> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-21" class="block block-block"> <div class="content">  <div class="embeddedServiceInvitation" id="snapins_invite" aria-live="assertive" role="dialog" aria-atomic="true" style="display: none;"> <div class="embeddedServiceInvitationHeader" aria-labelledby="snapins_titletext" aria-describedby="snapins_bodytext"> <img id="embeddedServiceAvatar" /> <span class="embeddedServiceTitleText" id="snapins_titletext">Need help?</span> <button type="button" id="closeInvite" class="embeddedServiceCloseIcon" aria-label="Exit invitation">×</button> </div> <div class="embeddedServiceInvitationBody"> <p id="snapins_bodytext">How can we help you?</p> </div> <div class="embeddedServiceInvitationFooter" aria-describedby="snapins_bodytext"> <button type="button" class="embeddedServiceActionButton" id="rejectInvite">Close</button> <button type="button" class="embeddedServiceActionButton" id="acceptInvite">Start Chat</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="novus_footer_line"></div>  </div> <div class="container_16"> <div id="footer"> <div class="grid_16 text_center"> <div class="fp_horzline"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="grid_16"> <table class="footer_boxes"> <tr> <th>Popular Products</th> <th>Company Information</th> <th>Support</th> <th>Stay Connected</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <ul class='links'><li><a href="/productsearch/novus">Antibodies</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/secondary-antibodies">Secondary Antibodies</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/isotype-controls">Isotype Controls</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/peptides-and-proteins">Proteins and Peptides</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/elisa-kits">ELISA Kits</a></li><li><a href="/samplesize">Sample Size</a></li><li><a href="https://www.novusbio.com/new-product-information-page.html">New Products</a></li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul class='links'><li><a href="/about.html">About Us</a></li><li><a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/about/careers">Careers</a></li><li><a href="/guarantee">Novus Guarantee</a></li><li><a href="/about/contact-us.html">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/about/novus-team.html">Our Team</a></li> </ul> </td> <td> <ul class='links'><li><a href="/support/technical-support.html">Technical Support</a></li><li><a href="/support/faqs.html">FAQs</a></li><li><a href="/webform/help-finding-antibodies">Help Finding Antibodies</a></li><li><a href="/support/support-by-application.html">Protocols</a></li> </ul> </td> <td id="footer_social_links"> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="grid_16"> <div id="GTS_CONTAINER" style="float: right;margin-top: 10px;"></div> <div id="footer_officeinfo"> </div> <div class="fp_horzline"></div> <div class="footer_othersites"> <p>Visit our other sites</p> <a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_biotechne"></div></a> <a href="https://www.rndsystems.com/"><div class="fp_rnd"></div></a> <a href="https://www.novusbio.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_novus"></div></a> <a href="https://www.tocris.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_tocris"></div></a> <a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/brands/proteinsimple" target="_blank"><div class="fp_proteinSimple"></div></a> <a href="http://www.biospacific.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_biospacific"></div></a>  <a href="http://www.acdbio.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_acd"></div></a> <a href="https://www.rndheme.com/" target="_blank"><div class="fp_rndcc"></div></a> </div> <div class="text_center"> <div class="fp_horzline"></div> </div> <div class="copyright">©2024 Novus Biologicals, All Rights Reserved.</div> <div class="footer_legal"> <ul class="links"><li class="menu-47946 first"><a href="/support/customer-service/privacy-policy.html" title="">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-47956"><a href="/novus-bio-sitemap.html" title="">Sitemap</a></li> <li class="menu-47951"><a href="/about/contact-us.html" title="">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-47941 last"><a href="/support/customer-service/terms.html" title="">Terms & Conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"76fb58fb05","applicationID":"788348554,30870807","transactionName":"YFdbZBFZXxdWAhAMVlkdeFMXUV4KGA8LAVxoQlhXBmdHDVIW","queueTime":14,"applicationTime":151,"atts":"TBBYEllDTBk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>