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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。19种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="فرضية المنفعة المتوقعة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرضية المنفعة المتوقعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6zl%C9%99n%C9%99n_fayda_n%C9%99z%C9%99riyy%C9%99si" title="Gözlənən fayda nəzəriyyəsi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gözlənən fayda nəzəriyyəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_utility_hypothesis" title="Expected utility hypothesis – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Expected utility hypothesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjetividad_de_la_utilidad_esperada" title="Subjetividad de la utilidad esperada – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subjetividad de la utilidad esperada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itxarondako_utilitatearen_teoria" title="Itxarondako utilitatearen teoria – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itxarondako utilitatearen teoria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نظریه مطلوبیت انتظاری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظریه مطلوبیت انتظاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odotettu_hy%C3%B6ty" title="Odotettu hyöty – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Odotettu hyöty" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_de_l%27utilit%C3%A9_esp%C3%A9r%C3%A9e" title="Théorie de l'utilité espérée – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Théorie de l'utilité espérée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_dell%27utilit%C3%A0_attesa" title="Teoria dell'utilità attesa – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teoria dell'utilità attesa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%BE%85%E5%8A%B9%E7%94%A8" title="期待効用 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="期待効用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%9A%A8%EC%9A%A9%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4" title="기대효용가설 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기대효용가설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verwachtenutshypothese" title="Verwachtenutshypothese – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verwachtenutshypothese" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nytteforventningsteoremet" title="Nytteforventningsteoremet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nytteforventningsteoremet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_oczekiwanej_u%C5%BCyteczno%C5%9Bci" title="Teoria oczekiwanej użyteczności – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teoria oczekiwanej użyteczności" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Теория ожидаемой полезности – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теория ожидаемой полезности" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza_o%C4%8Dekivane_korisnosti" title="Hipoteza očekivane korisnosti – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hipoteza očekivane korisnosti" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beklenen_fayda" title="Beklenen fayda – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beklenen fayda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Теорія очікуваної корисності – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теорія очікуваної корисності" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="預期效用理論 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="預期效用理論" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-e8d873f4" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-e8d873f4" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Math"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Economics"></div></div></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="微观经济学">微观经济学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AE%BA" title="博弈论">博弈论</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E8%AE%BA" title="决策论">决策论</a>中，<b>预期效用假说</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Expected utility hypothesis</span>），又称<b>预期效用理论</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Expected Utility Theory</span>），或<b>期望效用理论</b>，是一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8" title="效用">效用</a>理论，指在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9" title="风险">风险</a>情况下，个人所作出的选择是追求某一数量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9B%E5%80%BC" title="期望值">期望值</a>的最大化。这个理论最早在1738年由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9" title="丹尼尔·伯努利">丹尼尔·伯努利</a>提出，该假说用于解释<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8C%E5%8D%9A" title="赌博">赌博</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保险">保险</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9B%E5%80%BC" title="期望值">期望值</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冯·纽曼-摩根斯坦效用定理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E7%BA%BD%E6%9B%BC-%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冯·纽曼-摩根斯坦效用定理（页面不存在）">冯·纽曼-摩根斯坦效用定理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann%E2%80%93Morgenstern_utility_theorem" class="extiw" title="en:Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem</span></a></span>）</span></span>提出，在预期效用假说成立的前提下，一个有理性的人应该如何选择的公式。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1738年，为解决<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA" title="圣彼得堡悖论">圣彼得堡悖论</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9" title="丹尼尔·伯努利">丹尼尔·伯努利</a>提出了期望效用理论。论文主要包括两条原理： </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%99%85%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E9%80%92%E5%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="边际效用递减">边际效用递减</a>原理：一个人对于财富的占有多多益善，即效用函数一阶<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E6%95%B0" title="导数">导数</a>大于零；随着财富的增加，满足程度的增加速度不断下降，效用函数二阶导数小于零。</li> <li>最大效用原理：在风险和不确定条件下，个人的决策行为准则是为了获得最大期望效用值而非最大期望金额值。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="挑戰"><span id=".E6.8C.91.E6.88.B0"></span>挑戰</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：挑戰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>预期效用假说被一些學者認為不合邏輯，並提出<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8E%B1%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA" title="阿莱悖论">阿莱悖论</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA" title="艾尔斯伯格悖论">艾尔斯伯格悖论</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="展望理論">展望理論</a>來證明。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%9B%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="展望理論">展望理論</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dsavid L.Weimer; Aidan R.Vining. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/policyanalysisco0000weim_u3o9">Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice</a>. Pearson: Prentice Hall. 2005: 122页. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/013183001-5" title="Special:网络书源/013183001-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 013183001-5</a>. Fourth Edition <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&rft.au=Dsavid+L.Weimer&rft.btitle=Policy+Analysis%3A+Concepts+and+Practice&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=013183001-5&rft.pages=122%E9%A1%B5&rft.pub=Pearson%3A+Prentice+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpolicyanalysisco0000weim_u3o9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平均成本（页面不存在）">平均成本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_cost" class="extiw" title="en:Average cost"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Average cost</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%99%85%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="边际成本">边际成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="机会成本">机会成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="社会成本">社会成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E6%B2%A1%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="沉没成本">沉没成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="交易成本">交易成本</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%81%AF" title="利息">利息</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%9C%9F%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="跨期選擇">跨期選擇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E8%88%87%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6" title="需求與供給">需求與供給</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="供給曲線">供給曲線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="需求曲線">需求曲線</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" title="弹性 (经济学)">彈性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1" title="經濟均衡">經濟均衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="一般均衡理论">一般均衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%A1%8D%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="超額需求">超額需求</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%A1%8D%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6" title="超額供給">超額供給</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E8%80%85%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="消费者理论">消費者理論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%A5%BD" title="偏好">偏好</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8" title="效用">效用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="无差异曲线">等優曲線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E7%AE%97%E7%B7%9A" title="預算線">預算線</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="收入–消費曲線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Income–consumption curve"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5%E2%80%93%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="收入–消費曲線（页面不存在）">收入–消費曲線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income%E2%80%93consumption_curve" class="extiw" title="en:Income–consumption curve"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Income–consumption curve</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="不確定性">不確定性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9%E5%8E%8C%E6%81%B6" title="风险厌恶">风险厌恶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%9F%E5%A4%B1%E8%A7%84%E9%81%BF" title="损失规避">损失规避</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8" title="效用">效用</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">预期效用假说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%99%85%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8" title="边际效用">边际效用</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7" title="需求的价格弹性">需求的价格弹性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">企業理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0" title="生产要素">生產要素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B7%A5" title="分工">分工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E9%85%AC%E9%81%9E%E6%B8%9B" title="報酬遞減">報酬遞減</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生產成本（页面不存在）">生產成本</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="固定成本">固定成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%8B%95%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="變動成本">變動成本</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%BD%A4" title="利潤">利潤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="等成本曲線">等成本曲線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%A7%E9%87%8F%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="等产量曲线">等产量曲线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B6%A6%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%96" title="利润最大化">利润最大化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="规模经济">规模经济</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E4%B8%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="規模不經濟">規模不經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="範圍經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economies of scope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="範圍經濟（页面不存在）">範圍經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scope" class="extiw" title="en:Economies of scope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economies of scope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="聚集經濟">集聚经济</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">市場分析</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="市场">市场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="市场形式">市场形式</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="市场竞争" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Competition (economics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="市场竞争（页面不存在）">市场竞争</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(economics)" class="extiw" title="en:Competition (economics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Competition (economics)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89" title="垄断性竞争">垄断性竞争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89" title="完全竞争">完全竞争</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%A4%B4%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="双头垄断">双头垄断</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E5%8D%A0" title="独占">垄断</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%BE%B9%E5%AF%A1%E5%A4%B4%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="双边寡头垄断">双边寡头垄断</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="买方垄断">买方垄断</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E5%8D%A0" title="寡占">寡頭壟斷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%AF%A1%E5%A4%B4%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="买方寡头垄断">买方寡头垄断</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E5%A4%B1%E7%81%B5" title="市场失灵">市场失灵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="价格">价格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98" title="經濟剩餘">經濟剩餘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98" title="經濟剩餘">消費者剩餘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98" title="經濟剩餘">生產者剩餘</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%B0%93%E6%8D%9F%E5%A4%B1" title="无谓损失">無謂損失</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E6%80%A7" title="外部性">外部性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="经济效率">經濟效率</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="經濟公平" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Equity (economics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經濟公平（页面不存在）">經濟公平</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_(economics)" class="extiw" title="en:Equity (economics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Equity (economics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社會抉擇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social choice"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%8A%89%E6%93%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會抉擇（页面不存在）">社會抉擇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_choice" class="extiw" title="en:Social choice"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social choice</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究分支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="行為經濟學">行為經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="商业经济学">商业经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="計算經濟學">計算經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E8%AE%BA" title="决策论">决策论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="應用經濟學">應用經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="计量经济学">计量经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="工程經濟">工程經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土木工程经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Engineering economics (civil engineering)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土木工程经济学（页面不存在）">土木工程经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_economics_(civil_engineering)" class="extiw" title="en:Engineering economics (civil engineering)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Engineering economics (civil engineering)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="演化经济学">演化经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="实验经济学">实验经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AE%BA" title="博弈论">博弈论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="产业组织理论">产业组织理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="制度经济学">制度经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="勞動經濟學">勞動經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="法律经济学">法律经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="企业经济学">管理经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="数理经济学">数理经济学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="微观基础" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microfoundations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A7%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E" title="微觀基礎">宏观经济学的微观基础</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a 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