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N.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Alghamdi N."> <meta name="keywords" content="Alghamdi N."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Alghamdi N."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 51</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Alghamdi N.</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Exploring Chess Game AI Features Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashayer%20Almalki">Bashayer Almalki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayar%20Bajrai"> Mayar Bajrai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Mirah"> Dana Mirah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholood%20Alghamdi"> Kholood Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20Sanyour"> Hala Sanyour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to investigate the features of an AI chess app that are most preferred by users. A questionnaire was used as the methodology to gather responses from a varied group of participants. The questionnaire consisted of several questions related to the features of the AI chess app. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The findings indicate that the most preferred features of an AI chess app are the ability to play against the computer, the option to adjust the difficulty level, and the availability of tutorials and puzzles. The results of this research could be useful for developers of AI chess apps to enhance the user experience and satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chess" title="chess">chess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game" title=" game"> game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title=" application"> application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computics" title=" computics"> computics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167493/exploring-chess-game-ai-features-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Towards Development of a Framework for Saudi Education Software Ecosystem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal-e-Amin">Fazal-e-Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi"> Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iftikhar%20Ahmad"> Iftikhar Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software ecosystems’ concept is an inspiration from the natural ecosystem. Software ecosystems refer to large systems developed on top of a platform composed of different components developed by different entities of that ecosystem. Ecosystems improve information access, dissemination and coordination considerably. The ability to evolve and accommodate new subsystems gives a boost to the software ecosystems. In this paper, Saudi education software ecosystem is discussed and its need and potential benefits are highlighted. This work will provide a basis for further research in this area and foundation in development of Saudi education ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20ecosystem" title="software ecosystem">software ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20software" title=" education software"> education software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20engineering" title=" software engineering"> software engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5173/towards-development-of-a-framework-for-saudi-education-software-ecosystem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Assessing the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence Integration in the FLO Health Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reema%20Alghamdi">Reema Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasees%20Aleisa"> Rasees Aleisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layan%20Sukkar"> Layan Sukkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary objective of this research is to conduct an examination of the Flo menstrual cycle application. We do that by evaluating the user experience and their satisfaction with integrated AI features. The study seeks to gather data from primary resources, primarily through surveys, to gather different insights about the application, like its usability functionality in addition to the overall user satisfaction. The focus of our project will be particularly directed towards the impact and user perspectives regarding the integration of artificial intelligence features within the application, contributing to an understanding of the holistic user experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period" title="period">period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20health" title=" women health"> women health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20features" title=" AI features"> AI features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=menstrual%20cycle" title=" menstrual cycle"> menstrual cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179113/assessing-the-efficacy-of-artificial-intelligence-integration-in-the-flo-health-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> The Influence of Work Experience on Conflict Management Styles of Organizational Members</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Alghamdi">Faris Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying which conflict management styles organizational members prefer, and what variables influence these selections, is an essential component of organizational conflict management as well as human resource management, particularly in training and development strategies. This study aims to examine the relationship between work experience and preferred conflict management styles. Utilizing the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory- II Form C, data were collected from 109 full-time employees of various organizations in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the integrating conflict management style and the length of work experience. Nevertheless, this relationship was negative, not positive as hypothesized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20management%20style" title="conflict management style">conflict management style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20members" title=" organizational members"> organizational members</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20experience" title=" work experience"> work experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36687/the-influence-of-work-experience-on-conflict-management-styles-of-organizational-members" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Two Concurrent Convolution Neural Networks TC*CNN Model for Face Recognition Using Edge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Alghamdi">T. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Alaghband"> G. Alaghband</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we develop a model that couples Two Concurrent Convolution Neural Network with different filters (TC*CNN) for face recognition and compare its performance to an existing sequential CNN (base model). We also test and compare the quality and performance of the models on three datasets with various levels of complexity (easy, moderate, and difficult) and show that for the most complex datasets, edges will produce the most accurate and efficient results. We further show that in such cases while Support Vector Machine (SVM) models are fast, they do not produce accurate results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Convolution%20Neural%20Network" title="Convolution Neural Network">Convolution Neural Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edges" title=" Edges"> Edges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Face%20Recognition" title=" Face Recognition "> Face Recognition </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Support%20Vector%20Machine." title=" Support Vector Machine. "> Support Vector Machine. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119126/two-concurrent-convolution-neural-networks-tccnn-model-for-face-recognition-using-edge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Artificial Intelligence in Duolingo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jwana%20Khateeb">Jwana Khateeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamar%20Bawazeer"> Lamar Bawazeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayat%20Sharbatly"> Hayat Sharbatly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozoun%20Alghamdi"> Mozoun Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper explores the idea of learning new languages through an innovative-mobile based learning technology. Throughout this paper we will discuss and examine a mobile-based application called Duolingo. Duolingo is a college standard application for learning foreign languages such as Spanish and English. It is a smart application where it uses smart adaptive technologies to advance the level of their students at each period of time by offering new tasks. Furthermore, we will discuss the history of the application and the methodology used within it. We have conducted a study in which we surveyed ten people about their experience using Duolingo. The results are examined and analyzed in which it indicates the effectiveness on Duolingo students who are seeking to learn new languages. Thus, the research paper will furthermore discuss the diverse methods and approaches in learning new languages through this mobile-based application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duolingo" title="Duolingo">Duolingo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title=" AI"> AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized" title=" personalized"> personalized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customized" title=" customized"> customized</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151201/artificial-intelligence-in-duolingo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Assessment of Physical Activity and Sun Exposure of Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ramadan and Non-Ramadan Periods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi">Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alghamdi"> Khaled Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20O.%20Jenkins"> Richard O. Jenkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvez%20I.%20Haris"> Parvez I. Haris </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Physical activity is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Reduction in HbA1c level, an important diabetes biomarker, was reported in patients who increased their daily physical activity. Although the ambient temperature was reported to be positively correlated to a negative impact on health and increase the incidences of diabetes, the exposure to bright sunlight was recently found to be associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved beta-cell function. How Ramadan alters physical activity, and especially sunlight exposure, has not been adequately investigated. Aim: This study aimed to assess the physical activity and sun exposure of Saudis with T2DM over different periods (before, during, and after Ramadan) and related this to HbA1c levels. Methods: This study recruited 82 Saudis with T2DM, who chose to fast during Ramadan, from the Endocrine and Diabetic Centre of Al Iman General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ethical approvals for this study were obtained from De Montfort University and Saudi Ministry of Health. Physical activity and sun exposure were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Physical activity was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while the sun exposure was assessed by asking the patients about their hours per week of direct exposure to the sun, and daily hours spent outdoors. Blood samples were collected in each period for measuring HbA1c. Results: Low physical activity was observed in more than 60% of the patients, with no significant changes between periods. There were no significant variances between periods in the daily hours spent outdoors and the total number of weekly hours of direct exposure to the sun. The majority of patients reported only few hours of exposure to the sun (1h or less per week) and time spent outdoors (1h or less per day). The mean HbA1c significantly changed between periods (P = 0.001), with lowest level during Ramadan. There were significant differences in the mean HbA1c between the groups for the level of physical activity (P < 0.001), with significant lower mean HbA1c in the higher-level group. There were no significant variances in the mean of HbA1c between the groups for the daily hours spent outdoors. The mean HbA1c of the patients, who reported never in their total weekly hours of exposure to the sun, was significantly lower than the mean HbA1c of those who reported 1 hour or less (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Physical inactivity was prevalent among the study population with very little exposure to the sun or time spent outdoors. Higher level of physical activity was associated with lower mean HbA1c levels. Encouraging T2DM patients to achieve the recommended levels of physical activity may help them to obtain greater benefits of Ramadan fasting, such as reducing their HbA1c levels. The impact of low direct exposure to the sun and the time spent outdoors needs to be further investigated in both healthy and diabetic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fasting" title=" fasting"> fasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunlight" title=" sunlight"> sunlight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadan" title=" Ramadan"> Ramadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123418/assessment-of-physical-activity-and-sun-exposure-of-saudi-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-ramadan-and-non-ramadan-periods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> The Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases among General Population in Western Regions of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Saeed%20Alghamdi">Ali Saeed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20Mazen%20Alsolami"> Basel Mazen Alsolami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20Saeed%20Alghamdi"> Basel Saeed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhanad%20Saleh%20Alzahrani%20Alamri"> Muhanad Saleh Alzahrani Alamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Anwar%20Thabet"> Salman Anwar Thabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulhalim%20J.%20Kinsara"> Abdulhalim J. Kinsara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: This study measures the knowledge of the cardiovascular disease among the general population in western regions of Saudi Arabia, and it aimed to increase the level of awareness about cardiovascular diseases among the general population by providing an awareness lecture that included information about the risk factors, major symptoms, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The lecture has been attached at the end of the questionnaire. Setting: This study was conducted through an online questionnaire that included our aim and main objectives that targeted the general population in the Western regions of Saudi Arabia (Makkah and Madinah regions). Participants: This study participants were 460 collected through an online questionnaire. Methods: All Saudi citizens and residents who live in the western region of Saudi Arabia aged 18 years and above will be invited to participate voluntarily. A pre-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data on age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, lifestyle habits, and history of heart diseases, with cardiac symptoms and risk factors sections. Results: The majority of respondents were females (74.8%) and Saudis. The knowledge about cardiovascular disease risk factors was weak. Only (18.5%) scores an excellent response regarding risk factors awareness. Lack of exercise, stress, and obesity were the most known risk factors. Regarding cardiovascular disease symptoms, chest pain scores the highest symptom (87.6%) among other symptoms like dyspnea, syncope, and excessive sweating. Participants revealed a poor awareness regarding cardiovascular disease symptoms also (0.9%). However, preventable factors for cardiovascular diseases were more knowledgeable than others categories in this study (60% fall into excellent knowledge). Smoking cessation, normal cholesterol level, and normal blood pressure score the highest preventable methods (92.2%), (88.6%), and (78.7%) respectively. 83.7% of the participant have attended the awareness lecture, and 99 of the attendees reported that the lecture increased their knowledge about cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: This study discussed the level of community awareness of cardiovascular disease in terms of symptoms, risk factors, and protective factors. We found a huge lack of the participant's level of knowledge about the disease and how to prevent it. Moreover, we measure the prevalence of the comorbidities among our participants (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia/ hypertriglyceridemia) and their extent of adherence to their medication. In conclusion, this study not only demonstrates awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors, symptoms, management, and the association between each domain but also provides educational material. Further educational material and campaigns are required to increase awareness and knowledge about cardiovascular diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20diseases" title=" cardiovascular diseases"> cardiovascular diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137185/the-awareness-of-cardiovascular-diseases-among-general-population-in-western-regions-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Assessment of Dietary Patterns of Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ramadan and Non-Ramadan Periods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi">Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alghamdi"> Khaled Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20O.%20Jenkins"> Richard O. Jenkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvez%20I.%20Haris"> Parvez I. Haris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Unhealthy diet is one of the modifiable risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Improvement in diet can be beneficial for countering diabetes. For example, HbA1c, an important biomarker for diabetes, can be reduced by 1.1% through only alteration in diet. Ramadan fasting has been reported to provide positive health benefits. However, optimal benefits are not achieved, often due to poor dietary habits and lifestyle. There is a need to better understand the dietary habits of people fasting during Ramadan, so that necessary improvements can be made to develop this form of fasting as a non-pharmacological strategy for management and prevention of T2DM. Aim: This study aimed to assess the dietary patterns of Saudi adult patients with T2DM over three different periods (before, during, and after Ramadan) and relate this to HbA1c levels. Methods: This study recruited 82 Saudi with T2DM, who chose to fast during Ramadan, from the Endocrine and Diabetic Centre of Al Iman General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ethical approvals for the study were obtained from De Montfort University and Saudi Ministry of Health. Dietary patterns were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire in each period. This assessment included the diet type and frequency. Blood samples were collected in each period for determination of HbA1c. Results: The number of meals per day for the participants significantly decreased during Ramadan (P < 0.001). The consumption of fruit and vegetables significantly increased during Ramadan (P = 0.017). However, the consumption of sugary drinks significantly increased during and after Ramadan (P = 0.005). Approximately 60% of the patients indicated that they ate sugary foods at least once per week. The consumption of bread and rice was reported to be at least two times per week. The consumption of rice significantly reduced during Ramadan (P = 0.002). The mean HbA1c significantly varied between periods (P = 0.001), with lowest level during Ramadan compared to before and after Ramadan. The increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables had a medium effect size on the reduction in HbA1c during Ramadan. There was a variance of 7.7% in the mean difference in HbA1c levels between groups (who changed their fruit and vegetable consumption) which can be accounted for by the increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Likewise, 9.3% of the variance in the mean HbA1c difference between the groups was accounted for by a decrease in the consumption of rice. Conclusion: The increase in the frequency of fruit and vegetables intake, and especially the reduction in the frequency of rice consumption, during Ramadan produce beneficial effects in reducing HbA1c level. Therefore, further improving the dietary habits of patients with T2DM, such as reducing their sugary drinks intake, may help them to obtain greater benefits from Ramadan fasting in the management of their diabetes. It is recommended that dietary guidance is provided to the public to maximise health benefits through Ramadan fasting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diet" title=" Diet"> Diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fasting" title=" Fasting"> Fasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HbA1c" title=" HbA1c"> HbA1c</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadan" title=" Ramadan"> Ramadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123416/assessment-of-dietary-patterns-of-saudi-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-ramadan-and-non-ramadan-periods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Biochemical Evaluation of Air Conditioning West Water in Jeddah City: Concept of Sustainable Water Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Alromi">D. Alromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alansari"> A. Alansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alghamdi"> S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Jambi"> E. Jambi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the need for water is increasing globally, and the available water resources are barely meeting the current quality of life and economy. Air conditioning (AC) condensate water could be explored as an alternative water source, which could be considered within the global calculations of the water supply. The objective of this study is to better understand the potential for recovery of condensate water from air conditioning systems. The results generated so far showed that the AC produces a high quantity of water, and data analysis revealed that the amount of water is positively and significantly correlated with the humidity (P <= 0.05). In the meantime, the amount of heavy metals has been measuring using ICP-OES. The results, in terms of quantity, clearly show that the AC can be used as an alternative source of water, especially in the regions characterized by high humidity. The results also showed that the amount of produced water depends on the type of AC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning%20systems" title="air conditioning systems">air conditioning systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quantity" title=" water quantity"> water quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%0D%0Aresources" title=" water resources"> water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114549/biochemical-evaluation-of-air-conditioning-west-water-in-jeddah-city-concept-of-sustainable-water-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Change Point Analysis in Average Ozone Layer Temperature Using Exponential Lomax Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Abdullah">Amjad Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Yahya"> Amjad Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushra%20Aljohani"> Bushra Aljohani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20Alghamdi"> Amani Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Change point detection is an important part of data analysis. The presence of a change point refers to a significant change in the behavior of a time series. In this article, we examine the detection of multiple change points of parameters of the exponential Lomax distribution, which is broad and flexible compared with other distributions while fitting data. We used the Schwarz information criterion and binary segmentation to detect multiple change points in publicly available data on the average temperature in the ozone layer. The change points were successfully located. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20segmentation" title="binary segmentation">binary segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20point" title=" change point"> change point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponentialLomax%20%20distribution" title=" exponentialLomax distribution"> exponentialLomax distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20%20criterion" title=" information criterion"> information criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145911/change-point-analysis-in-average-ozone-layer-temperature-using-exponential-lomax-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Stochastic Control of Decentralized Singularly Perturbed Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20S.%20Alfuhaid">Walid S. Alfuhaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saud%20A.%20Alghamdi"> Saud A. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20M.%20Watkins"> John M. Watkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Edwin%20Sawan"> M. Edwin Sawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Designing a controller for stochastic decentralized interconnected large scale systems usually involves a high degree of complexity and computation ability. Noise, observability, and controllability of all system states, connectivity, and channel bandwidth are other constraints to design procedures for distributed large scale systems. The quasi-steady state model investigated in this paper is a reduced order model of the original system using singular perturbation techniques. This paper results in an optimal control synthesis to design an observer based feedback controller by standard stochastic control theory techniques using Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) approach and Kalman filter design with less complexity and computation requirements. Numerical example is given at the end to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralized" title="decentralized">decentralized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output" title=" output"> output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20perturb" title=" singular perturb"> singular perturb</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45093/stochastic-control-of-decentralized-singularly-perturbed-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Assessment of Sleeping Patterns of Saudis with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ramadan and Non-Ramadan Periods Using a Wearable Device and a Questionnaire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi">Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alghamdi"> Khaled Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20O.%20Jenkins"> Richard O. Jenkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvez%20I.%20Haris"> Parvez I. Haris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Quantity and quality of sleep have been reported to be significant risk factors for obesity and development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The relationship between diabetes and sleep quantity was reported to be U-shaped, which means increased or decreased sleeping hours can increase the risk of diabetes. The plasma glucagon levels were found to continuously decrease during night-time sleep in healthy individuals, independently of blood glucose and insulin levels. The disturbance of the circadian rhythm is also important and has been linked with an increased the chance of diabetes incidence. There is a lack of research on sleep patterns on Saudis with T2DM and how this is affected by Ramadan fasting. Aim: To assess the sleeping patterns of Saudis with T2DM (before, during, and after Ramadan), using two different techniques and relate this to their HbA1c levels. Method: This study recruited 82 Saudi with T2DM, who chose to fast during Ramadan, from the Endocrine and Diabetic Centre of Al Iman General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ethical approvals for the study were obtained from De Montfort University and Saudi Ministry of Health. Their sleeping patterns were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire (before, during, and after Ramadan). The assessment included the daily total sleeping hours (DTSH), and total night-time sleeping hours (TNTSH) of the participants. In addition, sleeping patterns of 36 patients, randomly selected from the 82 participants, were further tracked during and after Ramadan by using Fitbit Flex 2™ accelerometer. Blood samples were collected in each period for measuring HbA1c. Results: Questionnaire analysis revealed that the sleeping patterns significantly changed between the periods, with shorter hours during Ramadan (P < 0.001 for DTSH, and P < 0.001 for TNTSH). These findings were confirmed by the Fitbit data, which also indicated significant shorter sleeping hours for the DTSH, and the TNTSH during Ramadan (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Although there were no significant correlations between the questionnaire and Fitbit data, the TNTSH were shorter among the participants in all periods by both techniques. The mean HbA1c significantly varied between periods, with lowest level during Ramadan. Although the statistical tests did not show significant variances in the mean HbA1c between the groups of participants regarding their hours of sleeping, the lowest mean HbA1c was observed in the group of participants who slept for 6-8 hours and had longer night-time sleeping hours. Conclusion: A short sleep duration, and absence of night-time sleep were significantly observed among the majority of the study population during Ramadan, which could suppress the full benefits of Ramadan fasting for diabetic patients. This study showed that there is a good agreement between the findings of the questionnaire and the Fitbit device for evaluating sleeping patterns in a Saudi population. A larger study is needed in the future to investigate the impact of Ramadan fasting on sleep quality and quantity and its relationship with health and disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fasting" title=" Fasting"> Fasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitbit" title=" Fitbit"> Fitbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HbA1c" title=" HbA1c"> HbA1c</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPAQ" title=" IPAQ"> IPAQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadan" title=" Ramadan"> Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sleep" title=" Sleep"> Sleep</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123417/assessment-of-sleeping-patterns-of-saudis-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-ramadan-and-non-ramadan-periods-using-a-wearable-device-and-a-questionnaire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Saudi and U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Saudi Vision 2030 Concerning Women in Online Newspapers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Alghamdi">Ziyad Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates how issues concerning Saudi women have been represented in selected U.S. and Saudi publications. Saudi Vision 2030 is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's development strategy, which was revealed on April 25, 2016. This study used 115 news items across selected newspapers as its sampling. The New York Times and the Washington Post were chosen to represent U.S. newspapers and picked two Saudi newspapers, Al Jazirah, and Al Watan. This research examines how these issues were covered before and during the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030. The news pieces were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The qualitative study employed an inductive technique to uncover frames. Furthermore, this work looked at how American and Saudi publications had framed Saudi women depicted in images by reviewing the photographs used in news reports about Saudi women's issues. The primary conclusion implies that the human-interest frame was more prevalent in American media, whereas the economic frame was more prevalent in Saudi publications. A variety of diverse topics were considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20newspapers" title="Saudi newspapers">Saudi newspapers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Vision%202030" title=" Saudi Vision 2030"> Saudi Vision 2030</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing%20theory" title=" framing theory"> framing theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20women" title=" Saudi women"> Saudi women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160697/saudi-and-us-newspaper-coverage-of-saudi-vision-2030-concerning-women-in-online-newspapers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Kiddo: Design and Prototype of a Useable Mobile Application for Kids to Learn under Parental Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albandary%20Alamer">Albandary Alamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noura%20Alaskar"> Noura Alaskar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Bukhamseen"> Sana Bukhamseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawaher%20Alkhamis"> Jawaher Alkhamis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Alghamdi"> Enas Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almaha%20Almulhim"> Almaha Almulhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Gull"> Hina Gull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Zagrouba"> Rachid Zagrouba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madeeha%20Saqib"> Madeeha Saqib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A good and healthy seed will always produce a nice fruit, whereas an infected seed will produce an infected fruit. The same concept applies to the children, and the healthier the environment in which the kids grow, the more likely they become valuable members of society. Kiddo project introduces us to a mobile application that focuses on enhancing the sense of responsibility from a young age and makes raising kids fun and easy. The application aims to enhance the communication between parents and their children and to enrich the good habits of the kid. Kiddo Application enables kids to share their accomplishments with their peers in an interactive environment full of enjoyment, followed by parental monitoring to handle what their kids are posting and friends following. Kiddo provides the kids' and parents’ society with a safe platform free of cyberbullying and inappropriate content with parents' fun engagement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kids%20social%20media" title="kids social media">kids social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20app" title=" educational app"> educational app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child-raising" title=" child-raising"> child-raising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20control" title=" parental control"> parental control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyberbullying" title=" cyberbullying"> cyberbullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent-child%20relationship" title=" parent-child relationship"> parent-child relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20habits" title=" good habits"> good habits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149933/kiddo-design-and-prototype-of-a-useable-mobile-application-for-kids-to-learn-under-parental-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Variable Shunt Reactors for Reactive Power Compensation of HV Subsea Cables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20A.%20AlGhamdi">Saeed A. AlGhamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Habli"> Nabil Habli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinoj%20Somasanran"> Vinoj Somasanran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an application of 230 kV Variable Shunt Reactors (VSR) used to compensate reactive power of dual 90 KM subsea cables. VSR integrates an on-load tap changer (OLTC) that adjusts reactive power compensation to maintain acceptable bus voltages under variable load profile and network configuration. An automatic voltage regulator (AVR) or a power management system (PMS) that allows VSR rating to be changed in discrete steps typically controls the OLTC. Typical regulation range start as minimum as 20% up to 100% and are available for systems up to 550kV. The regulation speed is normally in the order of seconds per step and approximately a minute from maximum to minimum rating. VSR can be bus or line connected depending on line/cable length and compensation requirements. The flexible reactive compensation ranges achieved by recent VSR technologies have enabled newer facilities design to deploy line connected VSR through either disconnect switches, which saves space and cost, or through circuit breakers. Lines with VSR are typically energized with lower taps (reduced reactive compensation) to minimize or remove the presence of delayed zero crossing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20management" title="power management">power management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20power" title=" reactive power"> reactive power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsea%20cables" title=" subsea cables"> subsea cables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20shunt%20reactors" title=" variable shunt reactors"> variable shunt reactors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143206/variable-shunt-reactors-for-reactive-power-compensation-of-hv-subsea-cables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Challenges Facing Farmers in the Governorate of Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alghamdi">Mohammed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanem%20Al-Ghamdi"> Ghanem Al-Ghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Governorate of Al-Baha is known for a history of farming that focused on plant products such as Date Palm, olives, figs, pomegranate and cereals as well as raising cattle, sheep, goats and to some extent camels for many decades. However, farmers have been facing with very significant natural and artificial challenges lately. The goal of this study was to determine the most significant challenges facing farmers in the Governorate of Al-Baha. Sixty farms were surveyed during the year of 2013. Farm survey focused on the farm management, farm financial status and governmental support. Our results showed that most farms were dedicated to farming with limited number of farms used parts of its premises for recreation. About 90% of farms were engaged in exclusively farming business. The financial status was good in most of the farms (80%), stable in 16% and hardly standing in less than 5%. Nearly 60% of the farms marketed 1-3 products and 23% marketed up to 6 products, 14% of the farms marketed up to 9 products and 4% marketed more than 9 products. Less than 14% had a chance to market their products over seven times per year while about 11% market their products and 32% of farms market 3-4 per year and 43% of farms market 1-2 per year. Our data showed that most farmers are in good financial status producing healthy food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farming%20system" title="farming system">farming system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Baha" title=" Al-Baha"> Al-Baha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20food" title=" healthy food"> healthy food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2230/challenges-facing-farmers-in-the-governorate-of-al-baha-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Saudi Teachers’ Perceptions of Rough and Tumble Play in Early Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Alghamdi">Rana Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored teachers’ perceptions of rough-and-tumble (R&T) play in early childhood education in Saudi Arabia. The literature on rough-and-tumble play in Saudi Arabia is limited in scope, and more research is needed to explore teachers’ perceptions on this type of play for early learners. The pertinent literature reveals that R&T play, which includes running, jumping, fighting, wrestling, chasing, pulling, pushing, and climbing, among other rough playful activities, can positively impact learning and development across psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive domains. Teachers’ understanding of R & T play is key, and the attitudes of Saudi early childhood teachers who are responsible for implementing curriculum-based play have not been fully researched. Four early childhood teachers from an urban Saudi preschool participated in the study. The data collected in this study were interpreted through a sociocultural lens. Data sources included in-depth interviews, photo-elicitation interviews, and participant-generated drawings. Three overarching themes emerged: teachers’ concerns about rough-and-tumble play, teachers’ perceptions about the benefits of rough-and-tumble play, and teachers’ expression of gender roles in R & T play as contextualized within Saudi culture. Saudi teachers’ perceptions are discussed in detail, and implications of the findings and recommendations for future research are put forth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20and%20tumble%20play" title="rough and tumble play">rough and tumble play</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood" title=" early childhood"> early childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136870/saudi-teachers-perceptions-of-rough-and-tumble-play-in-early-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> The Potential Effectiveness of Marine Algae in Removal of Heavy Metal from Aqueous Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wed%20Albalawi">Wed Albalawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebtihaj%20Jambi"> Ebtihaj Jambi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Albazi"> Maha Albazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shareefa%20AlGhamdi"> Shareefa AlGhamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metal pollution has become a hard threat to marine ecosystems alongside extremely industrialized and urban (urbanized) zones because of their toxicity, resolution, and non-biodegradable nature. Great interest has been given to a new technique -biosorption- which exploits the cell envelopes of organisms to remove metals from water solutions. The main objective of the present study is to explore the potential of marine algae from the Red Sea for the removal of heavy metals from an aqueous medium. The subsequent objective is to study the effect of pH and agitation time on the adsorption capacity of marine algae. Randomly chosen algae from the Red Sea (Jeddah) with known altitude and depth were collected. Analysis of heavy metal ion concentration was measured by ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry) using air argon gas. A standard solution of heavy metal ions was prepared by diluting the original standard solution with ultrapure water. Types of seaweed were used to study the effect of pH on the biosorption of different heavy metals. The biosorption capacity of Cr is significantly lower in Padina Pavonica (P.P) compared to the biosorption capacity in Sargassum Muticum (S.M). The S.M exhibited significantly higher in Cr removal than the P.P at pH 2 and pH 7. However, the P.P exhibited significantly higher in Cr removal than the S.M at pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, and pH 8. In conclusion, the dried cells of algae can be used as an effective tool for the removal of heavy metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title="biosorption">biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20value" title=" pH value"> pH value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brown%20algae" title=" brown algae"> brown algae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175803/the-potential-effectiveness-of-marine-algae-in-removal-of-heavy-metal-from-aqueous-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Agro Morphological Characterization of Vicia Faba L. Accessions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zia%20Amjad">Zia Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20S.%20Alghamdi"> Salem S. Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experiment was carried out at student educational farm College of Food and Agriculture, KSU, kingdom of Saudi Arabia; in order to characterize 154 V. faba accessions based on UPOV and IBPGR descriptors. 24 agro-morphological characters including 11 quantitative and 13 qualitative were observed for genetic variation. All the results were analyzed using multivariate analysis i.e. principle component analysis (PCA). First six principle components (PC) had Eigen-value greater than one; accounted for 72% of available V. faba genetic diversity. However first three components revealed more than 10% of genetic diversity each i.e. 22.36%, 15.86% and 10.89% respectively. PCA distributed the V. faba accessions into different groups based on their performance for the characters under observation. PC-1 which represented 22.36% of the genetic diversity was positively associated with stipule spot pigmentation, intensity of streaks, pod degree of curvature and to some extent with 100 seed weight. PC-2 covered 15.86 of the genetic diversity and showed positive association for average seed weight per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, stipule spot pigmentation, intensity of streaks (same as in PC-1) and to some extent for pod degree of curvature and number of pods per plant. PC-3 revealed 10.89% of genetic diversity and expressed positive association for number of pods per plant and number of leaflets per plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agro%20morphological%20characterization" title="agro morphological characterization">agro morphological characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vicia%20faba" title=" vicia faba"> vicia faba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171645/agro-morphological-characterization-of-vicia-faba-l-accessions-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Mobile Application to Generate Automate Plan for Tourist in The South and West of Saudi Arabia, Saferk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20M.%20Alghamdi">Hanan M. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholud%20E.%20Alsalami"> Kholud E. Alsalami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20I.%20Alshaikhi"> Manal I. Alshaikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20M.%20Alsalami"> Nouf M. Alsalami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20A.%20Awad"> Sara A. Awad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruqaya%20A.%20Alrabei"> Ruqaya A. Alrabei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism in Saudi Arabia is one of the emerging sectors with rapid growth. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is characterized by its wonderful and historical areas, which constitute important cultural and tourist landmarks. These landmarks attract the attention of the government of Saudi Arabia; hence the improvement of the tourism sector becomes one of the important axes of Saudi Arabia's vision 2030. There is a need to enhance the tourist experience by facilitating the tourism process for visitors to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This project aims to design an application to serve domestic tourists and visitors from outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This application will contain an automated tourist generate plan service by sentiment analysis of comments in Google Map using Lexicon for method Rule-based approach. There are thirteen regions in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The regions supported in this application will be Makkah and Asir regions. According to the output of the sentiment analysis, the application will recommend restaurants and cafes, activities (parks, museums) and shopping (shopping centers) in the generated plan. After that, the system will show the user a drop-down list of “Mega-events in Saudi Arabia” containing a link to the site of events in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. and “important information for you” public decency regulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20automated%20plan" title="tourist automated plan">tourist automated plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comments%20in%20google%20map" title=" comments in google map"> comments in google map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20in%20Saudi%20Arabia" title=" tourism in Saudi Arabia"> tourism in Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148130/mobile-application-to-generate-automate-plan-for-tourist-in-the-south-and-west-of-saudi-arabia-saferk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> The Factors Affecting the Use of Massive Open Online Courses in Blended Learning by Lecturers in Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taghreed%20Alghamdi">Taghreed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wendy%20Hall"> Wendy Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Millard"> David Millard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have recently gained widespread interest in the academic world, starting a wide range of discussion of a number of issues. One of these issues, using MOOCs in teaching and learning in the higher education by integrating MOOCs’ contents with traditional face-to-face activities in blended learning format, is called blended MOOCs (bMOOCs) and is intended not to replace traditional learning but to enhance students learning. Most research on MOOCs has focused on students’ perception and institutional threats whereas there is a lack of published research on academics’ experiences and practices. Thus, the first aim of the study is to develop a classification of blended MOOCs models by conducting a systematic literature review, classifying 19 different case studies, and identifying the broad types of bMOOCs models namely: Supplementary Model and Integrated Model. Thus, the analyses phase will emphasize on these different types of bMOOCs models in terms of adopting MOOCs by lecturers. The second aim of the study is to improve the understanding of lecturers’ acceptance of bMOOCs by investigate the factors that influence academics’ acceptance of using MOOCs in traditional learning by distributing an online survey to lecturers who participate in MOOCs platforms. These factors can help institutions to encourage their lecturers to integrate MOOCs with their traditional courses in universities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptance" title="acceptance">acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blended%20learning" title=" blended learning"> blended learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blended%20MOOCs" title=" blended MOOCs"> blended MOOCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lecturers" title=" lecturers"> lecturers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOOCs" title=" MOOCs"> MOOCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professors" title=" professors"> professors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102805/the-factors-affecting-the-use-of-massive-open-online-courses-in-blended-learning-by-lecturers-in-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Pregnancy Rhinitis Prevalence among Saudi Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20G.%20Alotaibi">Mohammed G. Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Albahkaly"> Sameer Albahkaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20M.%20Bahkali"> Salwa M. Bahkali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20M.%20Alghamdi"> Abdullah M. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raseel%20S.%20Alswidan"> Raseel S. Alswidan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Bin%20Shafi"> Maha Bin Shafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Almaiman"> Sarah Almaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Rhinitis is common in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, our study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, triggering factors, severity and progression of rhinitis during pregnancy. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in eight governmental and private medical centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during June and July 2014. Validated Arabic language self-administered questionnaire was used. Sample size of 260 Saudi pregnant women was calculated by Raosoft sample size calculator. Random sampling was achieved by choosing one and skipping every five patients in the clinic list. Data were coded and entered manually into spreadsheets then transferred to SPSS statistical package version 16.0 for Windows. Consent, Privacy and confidentiality of information were assured. Results: Pregnancy rhinitis was reported 31.2% (CI 25.6 - 37.2%). Symptoms arising in first trimester appeared in 79.2% of PR cases and mostly worsen. The most prevalent symptoms were nasal pruritis (67.5%), followed by sneezing (57.1%), congestion (50.6%), and post nasal drip (46.7%). The major triggering factor was dust (71.4%), followed by Tobacco/Shisha smoke (57.6%) and perfume(47%). Preexisting allergic diseases were markedly associated with developing pregnancy rhinitis. Conclusion: Rhinitis during pregnancy manifested in one third of Saudi pregnant ladies. Nasal pruritus was the most common symptom and dust was the widespread triggering factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allergy" title="allergy">allergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhinitis" title=" Rhinitis"> Rhinitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sneezing" title=" sneezing"> sneezing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56954/pregnancy-rhinitis-prevalence-among-saudi-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Agro Morphological Characterization of Vicia faba L. Accessions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zia%20Amjad">Zia Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20Safar%20Alghamdi"> Salem Safar Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experiment was carried out at student educational farm College of Food and Agriculture, KSU, kingdom of Saudi Arabia; in order to characterize 154 Vicia faba, characterization, PCA, ago-morphological diversity. Icia faba L. accessions were based on ipove and ibpgr descriptors. 24 agro-morphological characters including 11 quantitative and 13 qualitative were observed for genetic variation. All the results were analyzed using multivariate analysis i.e. principle component analysis. First 6 principle components with eigenvalue greater than one; accounted for 72% of available Vicia faba genetic diversity. However, first three components revealed more than 10% of genetic diversity each i.e. 22.36%, 15.86%, and 10.89% respectively. PCA distributed the V. faba accessions into different groups based on their performance for the characters under observation. PC-1 which represented 22.36% of the genetic diversity was positively associated with stipule spot pigmentation, intensity of streaks, pod degree of curvature and to some extent with 100 seed weight. PC-2 covered 15.86 of the genetic diversity and showed positive association for average seed weight per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, stipule spot pigmentation, intensity of streaks (same as in PC-1), and to some extent for pod degree of curvature and number of pods per plant. PC-3 revealed 10.89% of genetic diversity and expressed positive association for number of pods per plant and number of leaflets per plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vicia%20faba" title="Vicia faba">Vicia faba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ago-morphological%20diversity" title=" ago-morphological diversity"> ago-morphological diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4004/agro-morphological-characterization-of-vicia-faba-l-accessions-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Testing Ammonia Borane for Multilayer Aprons in Nuclear Medicine as a Promising Non-toxic, Lightweight, Hydrogen Rich Material and to Enhance the Efficiency of Aprons for Workers Who Deal with Neutrons Radiation in Nuclear Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wed%20Othman%20Alghamdi">Wed Othman Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aims to find a non-toxic, low density, hydrogen-rich material that can be used in aprons without causing health issues for nuclear medical workers that could hinder their work and negatively affect patients. Five samples were tested in terms of fast neutron removal cross-section(C21H25ClO5, C2H4, LiH,H3NBH3,MgH2) mathematically using computer program called Phy-x/PSD it is a computer program designed to calculate the fast neutron removal cross section, and it was obtained that ammonia borane (𝐻3𝑁𝐵𝐻3) with a density of 0.78 (g/ cm3) ,And it containment of the three most important elements that play a major role in protection shields, which are (hydrogen, boron, nitrogen), Hydrogen works as a moderator that slows neutrons and turn them into thermal neutrons, boron and nitrogen both have the largest neutron absorption cross section. Ammonia borane has the highest fast neutron removal cross-section with the value of (0.122959317985393cm-1) and the least for polyethylene (𝐶2𝐻4) with the value of (0.0838038707225853 cm-1) which made the ammonia borane a better candidate than polyethylene and other compounds that have been tasted in previous research for multi-layer aprons in nuclear medicine, and may approve a proper protection against the hazard radiations that its produced in nuclear medicine filed by several ways, due to it is low density and non-toxicity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aprons" title="aprons">aprons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-toxic" title=" non-toxic"> non-toxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20medicine" title=" nuclear medicine"> nuclear medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrons" title=" neutrons"> neutrons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180571/testing-ammonia-borane-for-multilayer-aprons-in-nuclear-medicine-as-a-promising-non-toxic-lightweight-hydrogen-rich-material-and-to-enhance-the-efficiency-of-aprons-for-workers-who-deal-with-neutrons-radiation-in-nuclear-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> The Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Structural, Optical, and Electrical of Nano-Crystalline Tin Doped-Cadmium Telluride Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20A.%20Alghamdi">Eman A. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Aldhafiri"> A. M. Aldhafiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It was found that the induce an isolated dopant close to the middle of the bandgap by occupying the Cd position in the CdTe lattice structure is an efficient factor in reducing the nonradiative recombination rate and increasing the solar efficiency. According to our laboratory results, this work has been carried out to obtain the effect of substrate temperature on the CdTe0.6Sn0.4 prepared by thermal evaporation technique for photovoltaic application. Various substrate temperature (25°C, 100°C, 150°C, 200°C, 250°C and 300°C) was applied. Sn-doped CdTe thin films on a glass substrate at a different substrate temperature were made using CdTe and SnTe powders by the thermal evaporation technique. The structural properties of the prepared samples were determined using Raman, x-Ray Diffraction. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectrophotometric measurements were conducted to extract the optical constants as a function of substrate temperature. The structural properties of the grown films show hexagonal and cubic mixed structures and phase change has been reported. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reviled that a homogenous with a bigger grain size was obtained at 250°C substrate temperature. The conductivity measurements were recorded as a function of substrate temperatures. The open-circuit voltage was improved by controlling the substrate temperature due to the improvement of the fundamental material issues such as recombination and low carrier concentration. All the result was explained and discussed on the biases of the influences of the Sn dopant and the substrate temperature on the structural, optical and photovoltaic characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdTe" title="CdTe">CdTe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ellipsometry" title=" ellipsometry"> ellipsometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149769/the-effect-of-substrate-temperature-on-the-structural-optical-and-electrical-of-nano-crystalline-tin-doped-cadmium-telluride-thin-films-for-photovoltaic-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Equity and Quality in Saudi Early Childhood Education: A Case Study on Inclusion School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlam%20A.%20Alghamdi">Ahlam A. Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For many years and until now, education based on gendered division is endorsed in the public Saudi schools starting from the primary grades (1,2, 3rd grades). Although preschool has no boys and girls segregation restrictions, children from first grade starting their first form of cultural ideology based on gender. Ensuring high-quality education serving all children -both boys and girls- is an aim for policymakers and early learning professionals in Saudi Arabia. The past five years have witnessed a major change in terms of shifting the paradigm to educating young children in the country. In May 2018, the Ministry of Education (MoE) had declared a commencement decision of inclusion schools serve both girls and boys in primary grades with a high-quality early learning opportunity. This study sought to shed light on one of the earliest schools that have implemented the inclusion experience. The methodological approach adopted is based on the qualitative inquiry of case study to investigate complex phenomena within the contexts of inclusion school. Data collection procedures included on-site visitations and semi-structured interviews with the teachers to document their thoughts, narratives, and living experiences. The findings of this study identified three themes based on cultural, educational, and professional interpretations. An overview of recommendations highlighted the benefits and possible challenges of future implementations of inclusion schools in Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20learning" title="early learning">early learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20division" title=" gender division"> gender division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion%20school" title=" inclusion school"> inclusion school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132129/equity-and-quality-in-saudi-early-childhood-education-a-case-study-on-inclusion-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Corrosion Mitigation in Gas Facilities Piping Through the Use of FBE Coated Pipes and Corrosion Resistant Alloy Girth Welds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadi%20Chammas">Fadi Chammas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Alkhaldi"> Saad Alkhaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Alghamdi"> Tariq Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano%20Alexandirs"> Stefano Alexandirs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operating conditions and corrosive nature of the process fluid in the Haradh and Hawiyah areas are subjecting facility piping to undesirable corrosion phenomena. Therefore, production headers inside remote headers have been internally cladded with high alloy material to mitigate the corrosion damage mechanism. Corrosion mitigation in the jump-over lines, constructed between the existing flowlines and the newly constructed facilities to provide operational flexibility, is proposed. This corrosion mitigation system includes the application of fusion bond epoxy (FBE) coating on the internal surface of the pipe and depositing corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) weld layers at pipe and fittings ends to protect the carbon steel material. In addition, high alloy CRA weld material is used to deposit the girth weld between the 90-degree elbows and mating internally coated segments. A rigorous testing and qualification protocol was established prior to actual adoption at the Haradh and Hawiyah Field Gas Compression Program, currently being executed by Saudi Aramco. The proposed mitigation system, aimed at applying the cladding at the ends of the internally FBE coated pipes/elbows, will resolve field joint coating challenges, eliminate the use of approximately (1700) breakout flanges, and prevent the potential hydrocarbon leaks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipelines" title="pipelines">pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-saving" title=" cost-saving"> cost-saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20completion" title=" project completion"> project completion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149157/corrosion-mitigation-in-gas-facilities-piping-through-the-use-of-fbe-coated-pipes-and-corrosion-resistant-alloy-girth-welds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Effect of Plant Growth Regulator on Vegetative Growth and Yield Components of Winter Wheat under Different Levels of Irrigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Ahmed%20Alghamdi">Mohammed Ahmed Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Field experiment were carried out to investigate the effect of the plant growth regulator on vegetative growth and yield components of reduced height isogenic lines of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Mercia. The Field experiment compared the growth regulator response of seven isogenic lines of Mercia. Growth regulators reduced plant height significantly in all lines. Growth regulator decreased total dry matter and grain yield with greatest reduction generally for the control and Rht8 lines. Rht1 was the least affected. There were few significant effects of growth regulator on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence but the trend was for greater values with growth regulator. In this field experiment, a rate of 2.0 l ha-1 applied just before the third node detectable stage under non water stressed and water stressed conditions gave slight increases in yield of up to 14% except for line Rht10 which increased significantly in non-stressed conditions. In the second glasshouse experiment, a rate of 2.5 l ha-1 applied at the start of stem elongation under 30% FC and 100% FC gave reductions in yield up to 16% for the growth regulator and 55% under water stress. In the field experiment, rates of 2.5 and 3.0 l ha-1 applied at the start of stem elongation gave reductions in yield up to 20% mainly through individual seed weight. In the final glasshouse experiment, rates of 2.5 and 3.0 l ha-1 applied at 6 leaves unfolded and 1st node detectable both reduced grain yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20regulator" title="growth regulator">growth regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isogenic%20lines" title=" isogenic lines"> isogenic lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winter%20wheat" title=" winter wheat"> winter wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27090/effect-of-plant-growth-regulator-on-vegetative-growth-and-yield-components-of-winter-wheat-under-different-levels-of-irrigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Phenological and Molecular Genetic Diversity Analysis among Saudi durum Wheat Landraces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20B.%20Almari">Naser B. Almari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20S.%20Alghamdi"> Salem S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal"> Muhammad Afzal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Helmy%20El%20Shal"> Mohamed Helmy El Shal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wheat landraces are a rich genetic resource for boosting agronomic qualities in breeding programs while also providing diversity and unique adaptation to local environmental conditions. These genotypes have grown increasingly important in the face of recent climate change challenges. This research aimed to look at the genetic diversity of Saudi Durum wheat landraces using morpho-phenological and molecular data. The principal components analysis (PCA) analysis recorded 78.47 % variance and 1.064 eigenvalues for the first six PCs of the total, respectively. The significant characters contributed more to the diversity are the length of owns at the tip relative to the length of the ear, culm: glaucosity of the neck, flag leaf: glaucosity of the sheath, flag leaf: anthocyanin coloration of auricles, plant: frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves, ear: length, and ear: shape in profile in the PC1. The significant wheat genotypes contributed more in the PC1 (8, 14, 497, 650, 569, 590, 594, 598, 600, 601, and 604). The cluster analysis recorded an 85.42 cophenetic correlation among the 22 wheat genotypes and grouped the genotypes into two main groups. Group, I contain 8 genotypes, however, the 2nd group contains 12 wheat genotypes, while two genotypes (13 and 497) are standing alone in the dendrogram and unable to make a group with any one of the genotypes. The second group was subdivided into two subgroups. The genotypes (14, 602, and 600) were present in the second sub-group. The genotypes were grouped into two main groups. The first group contains 17 genotypes, while the second group contains 3 (8, 977, and 594) wheat genotypes. The genotype (602) was standing alone and unable to make a group with any wheat genotype. The genotypes 650 and 13 also stand alone in the first group. Using the Mantel test, the data recorded a significant (R2 = 0.0006) correlation (phenotypic and genetic) among 22 wheat durum genotypes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durum%20wheat" title="durum wheat">durum wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title=" cluster analysis"> cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRAP" title=" SRAP"> SRAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20diversity" title=" genetic diversity"> genetic diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149828/phenological-and-molecular-genetic-diversity-analysis-among-saudi-durum-wheat-landraces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alghamdi%20N.&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alghamdi%20N.&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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