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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Albert_Barracks&params=36_51_4.21_S_174_46_11.24_E_region:NZ_type:landmark_dim:50"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°51′4.21″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°46′11.24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.8511694°S 174.7697889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.8511694; 174.7697889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former military installation in Auckland, New Zealand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Albert Barracks</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland,_with_a_View_of_Albert_Barracks_(1859).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Auckland%2C_with_a_View_of_Albert_Barracks_%281859%29.jpg/250px-Auckland%2C_with_a_View_of_Albert_Barracks_%281859%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Auckland%2C_with_a_View_of_Albert_Barracks_%281859%29.jpg/375px-Auckland%2C_with_a_View_of_Albert_Barracks_%281859%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Auckland%2C_with_a_View_of_Albert_Barracks_%281859%29.jpg/500px-Auckland%2C_with_a_View_of_Albert_Barracks_%281859%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="558" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Watercolour of the Albert Barracks in 1859</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_51c822adbf6627621041b94e81de31d149ca73f8"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Albert_Barracks&revid=1188054100&groups=_51c822adbf6627621041b94e81de31d149ca73f8" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Albert_Barracks&revid=1188054100&groups=_51c822adbf6627621041b94e81de31d149ca73f8 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Alfred Street</li><li>Auckland</li><li>New Zealand</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Albert_Barracks&params=36_51_4.21_S_174_46_11.24_E_region:NZ_type:landmark_dim:50"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°51′4.21″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°46′11.24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.8511694°S 174.7697889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.8511694; 174.7697889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1850</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #00247D; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand – Category 1</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">23 June 1983<sup id="cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZHPT_12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">12</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Albert Barracks</b> was a major British military installation that overlooked <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand, from the mid-1840s to 1870, during the city's early colonial period. The perimeter wall was built between 1846 and the early 1850s,<sup id="cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZHPT_12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the area now bounded by Kitchener Street, Waterloo Quadrant, Symonds Street, and <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_Street,_Auckland" title="Wellesley Street, Auckland">Wellesley Street East</a>, according to Colonel <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rawlings_Mould" title="Thomas Rawlings Mould">Thomas Rawlings Mould</a>'s 1860 map of Defensible Works round Auckland. The site is now mostly occupied by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Park,_Auckland" title="Albert Park, Auckland">Albert Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>'s City Campus, and Princes Street runs through the centre of it. All that remains of the barracks structures is part of the perimeter wall, which is on the university campus. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Barracks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Barracks_Wall_020.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Albert_Barracks_Wall_020.JPG/220px-Albert_Barracks_Wall_020.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Albert_Barracks_Wall_020.JPG/330px-Albert_Barracks_Wall_020.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Albert_Barracks_Wall_020.JPG/440px-Albert_Barracks_Wall_020.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Albert Barracks wall remnant in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>The fortification was built to reassure the people of Auckland following the 1845–1846 <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War" title="Flagstaff War">Flagstaff War</a> in the Bay of Islands; at the time, Auckland was the <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital of New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZHPT_12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, <a href="/wiki/Point_Britomart" title="Point Britomart">Fort Britomart</a>, a headland on the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> adjacent to the town of Auckland served as the base of military operations.<sup id="cite_ref-EvolvingAuckland10.1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvolvingAuckland10.1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A loopholed defensible wall had been proposed by the Commanding Royal Engineer, Captain <a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Bennett" title="George Augustus Bennett">George Augustus Bennett</a>, as the barracks developed before his death in April 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built under the direction of his replacement, Major <a href="/wiki/William_Biddlecomb_Marlow" title="William Biddlecomb Marlow">William Biddlecomb Marlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">RE</a>, and the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerk of Works">Clerk of Works</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Graham_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Graham (New Zealand politician)">George Graham</a>, enclosing the 22 acres (8.9 ha) site. Tenders were called for construction of the perimeter wall on 18 December 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the scoria wall with stone quarried from Engineer Quarry in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Eden" title="Mount Eden">Mount Eden</a> was undertaken by both Europeans and local Maori under Graham's supervision. As this type of construction was new to Maori, training was given to them, with the result that "it would be difficult to point out any marked difference between them and the work performed by the Europeans".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The speed and quality of the work encouraged the Europeans employing Maori to set up a <a href="/wiki/Night_school" title="Night school">night school</a> to provide them with additional training. In addition, a skills based pay structure was introduced for them with three steps from entrance class at two shillings per day, 2nd class at two shillings and six pence, and those who were proficient three shillings and six pence per day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European stonemasons earned between six and eight shillings per day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the same period, a number of buildings were constructed inside the wall, including ordinance halls, hospital, theatre, a magazine for storing <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">powder</a> and a military reading room. There was also a large parade ground. The original hospital was a single-story building constructed from stone blocks, similar to those used for the barracks wall. It accommodated about 50 patients in six wards. With the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Waikato" title="Invasion of the Waikato">Invasion of the Waikato</a> in 1863 the hospital could not cope with demand and several wooden houses were used as temporary hospitals for the overflow. The hospital buildings included a medical store and a kitchen block.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1866 the magazine was moved to Mount Eden stockade, beside <a href="/wiki/Mount_Eden_Prisons" title="Mount Eden Prisons">Mount Eden Prison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_units">Military units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Barracks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NCO%27s-of-the-58th.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NCO%27s-of-the-58th.jpg/263px-NCO%27s-of-the-58th.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NCO%27s-of-the-58th.jpg/395px-NCO%27s-of-the-58th.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NCO%27s-of-the-58th.jpg/526px-NCO%27s-of-the-58th.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>58th Regiment NCOs</figcaption></figure> <p>Troops of the <a href="/wiki/65th_(2nd_Yorkshire,_North_Riding)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot">65th Regiment</a> were the first stationed at Albert Barracks. In 1849 they were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/58th_(Rutlandshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot">58th Regiment</a> under Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wynyard" title="Robert Wynyard">Robert Wynyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1855 a detachment of the 58th Regiment (273 troops) under Major Charles Nugent was sent to <a href="/wiki/First_Taranaki_War" title="First Taranaki War">Taranaki</a> on the <i>Duke of Portland</i>. Tensions had been growing there over land sales and New Plymouth was deemed vulnerable to attack by local Maori.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Auckland Volunteer Rifles were formed in 1858 and used the Albert Barracks for training.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1858 the 65th Regiment under Colonel <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emilius_Gold" title="Charles Emilius Gold">Charles Emilius Gold</a> returned to Auckland from Wellington. The 58th Regiment departed for England on the <i>Mary Ann</i> in November. In March 1860, 200 men of the 65th Regiment were transferred on the steamer <i>Airdale</i> to Taranaki to reinforce the garrison there. The troops' arrival and occupation of the Waitara block became the commencement of the <a href="/wiki/First_Taranaki_War" title="First Taranaki War">First Taranaki War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 May 1860 the Auckland Militia were called to assemble at Albert Barracks.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Auckland Militia Regiment consisted of four Battalions, one based in Auckland, one at Onehunga, one at Otahuhu, and one on the North Shore. The Auckland Battalion was based at Albert Barracks and consisted of five companies.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1860 more troops from the 65th Regiment and a party of Royal Engineers arrived from Sydney on the <i>Nugget</i>. In November 1860 the 65th Regiment departed and was replaced by the 2nd Battalion of <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Regiment" title="West Yorkshire Regiment">14th Regiment</a>, who arrived on the steam ship <i>Robert Lowe</i> and the <i>Boanerges</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were joined on 22 January 1861 by a detachment from the <a href="/wiki/57th_(West_Middlesex)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot">57th Regiment</a> who had arrived from Bombay on the <i>Castilian</i>. The remainder of the 57th from the <i>Castilian</i> had been dispatched to New Plymouth on HM steam sloop <i>Cordelia</i> from Onehunga.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 65th returned to Albert Barracks from Waitara in April 1861. By May they numbered 800 men under Colonel Alfred F W Wyatt, along with some 200 men of the Royal Artillery and about 50 men from the Royal Engineers. The Royal Artillery had stables constructed either in or near the Barracks.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These units remained until February 1862 when the barracks were guarded by the local militia. In 1863, 340 soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/40th_(the_2nd_Somersetshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot">40th Regiment</a> were housed at the barracks. They in turn were replaced by two companies (120 men) of the 65th in May 1863. In November the <a href="/wiki/50th_(Queen%27s_Own)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot">50th Regiment</a> was at the barracks, having followed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Regiment_(1684%E2%80%931922)" title="Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)">18th Regiment</a> to New Zealand. Almost all the troops were deployed to areas of conflict during the Waikato invasion, <a href="/wiki/Tauranga_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauranga Campaign">Tauranga Campaign</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Taranaki_War" title="Second Taranaki War">Second Taranaki War</a>, with various units coming and going as they were redeployed to other areas. </p><p>From 1865 the various Imperial forces began to leave New Zealand, its defense being completely placed in the hands of the local militias by July/August 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final Imperial Troops stationed in New Zealand were the 2nd Battalion of the 18th Regiment. They were housed at the Barracks until their departure in February 1870 on SS <i>Hero</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the land and buildings being gifted to the New Zealand Government by the British government.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Barracks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_R_Mould.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Thomas_R_Mould.jpg/180px-Thomas_R_Mould.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Thomas_R_Mould.jpg/270px-Thomas_R_Mould.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Thomas_R_Mould.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Col <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rawlings_Mould" title="Thomas Rawlings Mould">Thomas Mould</a>, RE</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1849 the crew of the shipwrecked French National Corvette <i>L Alceme</i> were housed at the barracks for seven weeks while awaiting repatriation.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The grounds were used a cricket venue in 1850 and the buildings, at various times from 1849, for balls and theatrical performances.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Up to 1857 Auckland had relied on septic tanks for sewage disposal, but these were no longer suitable given the growing population. Albert Barracks with its 1,000 residents compounded the problem, with heavy rain causing its septic tanks to overflow and the effluent to run down through the lower city areas. The Provincial Council raised the issue with the military, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rawlings_Mould" title="Thomas Rawlings Mould">Thomas Mould</a> of the Royal Engineers, who advised that they were prepared to deal with the problem if the council were prepared to install sewer mains.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sewer main was not installed until 1863 after several outbreaks of typhoid fever in the city. </p><p>Also in 1863, a large fire passed through the central city near the barracks. Concerns were raised that had the wind veered, the fire could have set alight the powder magazines at the barracks. There was about 100 tons of powder stored there.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fire was then followed in March 1863 by a series of fires at the barracks, which were suspected to be the work of an arsonist.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fires stopped after the military imposed a curfew at the barracks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demolition_and_transformation">Demolition and transformation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Barracks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demolition and transformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Park_From_Lumley_Centre_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Albert_Park_From_Lumley_Centre_Building.jpg/263px-Albert_Park_From_Lumley_Centre_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Albert_Park_From_Lumley_Centre_Building.jpg/395px-Albert_Park_From_Lumley_Centre_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Albert_Park_From_Lumley_Centre_Building.jpg/526px-Albert_Park_From_Lumley_Centre_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Albert Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UoA-ClockTower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UoA-ClockTower.jpg/263px-UoA-ClockTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UoA-ClockTower.jpg/395px-UoA-ClockTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/UoA-ClockTower.jpg/526px-UoA-ClockTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>University of Auckland clock tower building viewed from Albert Park</figcaption></figure> <p>With the departure of the 18th Regiment in 1870 some of the buildings were auctioned for removal. The site continued to be used as a cricket ground and parade ground for the local militia while its future was debated. In 1871 <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Grammar_School" title="Auckland Grammar School">Auckland Grammar School</a> under Farquhar Macrae, Head Master, began to use a building on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government transferred the Albert Barracks land was declared Crown land under <i>The Public Domains Act 1860</i> by the <i>Auckland Military Reserves Act 1871</i>. This clause of the Act was repealed and replaced by the <i>Auckland Improvement (Albert Barrack Reserves) Act 1872</i> which vested the land in the Superintendent of the Province of Auckland. The Act set up the Auckland Improvement Commissioners to manage and dispose of the land in terms of the Act. The Act enabled them to remove the wall and buildings from the site, with the exception of the Militia Store. In 1873 the Militia Store was moved to the former hospital building on the site and vested in the Governor. The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_Council" title="Auckland City Council">Auckland City Council</a> took ownership of the site in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-EvolvingAuckland10.2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvolvingAuckland10.2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sections of the walls began to be removed and used for other projects, such as the construction of railway culverts <a href="/wiki/Mechanics_Bay" title="Mechanics Bay">Mechanics Bay</a> and the Kitchener Street retaining wall.<sup id="cite_ref-EvolvingAuckland10.1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvolvingAuckland10.1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_University_era">The University era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Barracks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The University era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1880 the role of the Improvement Commission was transferred to the Auckland City Council which in 1881 approved plans for the development of gardens and walkways for Albert Park.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland University College">Auckland University College</a> took over the grounds to the west of <a href="/wiki/Government_House" title="Government House">Government House</a>, which included the remaining section of the Barracks Wall, under the Auckland University Site Act (1919).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The construction of the College's <a href="/wiki/Arts_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts Building">Arts Building</a> (opened 1926) required the removal of a substantial section of the remaining wall. This process also involved the transfer of an historic plaque relating to the Barracks Wall and the role played by Māori in its construction. The plaque was installed in 1915 by the Auckland Civic League,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a women's organisation formed in 1913 and aimed at improving the city's amenities and increasing the number of women in public office.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plaque originally stood at the intersection of the wall and the east side of Princes Street and was removed to the northwest end of the wall as it currently stands, opposite the General Library and behind Alfred Nathan House.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984 the University made several changes to the wall in consultation with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust and Auckland City Council, in order to facilitate access to the growing campus and to provide recognition of the wall as an historic site.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1983 the plaque was so badly damaged by vandals it had to be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had been a focus of complaint by Māori students and activists for some time before this because of its colonialist and imperialist connotations and had suffered considerable defacement before its final destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present_time">Present time</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Barracks&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Present time"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The barracks were in the area now bounded by Kitchener Street, Waterloo Quadrant, Symonds Street, and Wellesley Street East, according to Colonel Mould's 1860 map of Defensible Works round Auckland. Princes Street runs through the centre of the site, with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Park,_Auckland" title="Albert Park, Auckland">Albert Park</a> on the western portion and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a> on the eastern side.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A synagogue was built on a section at the corner of Princes Street and Bowen Avenue in 1884–1885; it is now leased by the University and called <a href="/wiki/University_House_(Auckland)" class="mw-redirect" title="University House (Auckland)">University House</a>. </p><p>All that remains of the barracks structures is 85 metres (279 ft) of the perimeter wall. The remnant is the oldest surviving piece of British military infrastructure in New Zealand. On 23 June 1983, the Albert Barracks Wall was registered by <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a> as a Category I structure, with registration number 12.<sup id="cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZHPT_12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Barracks&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Albert_Barracks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Albert Barracks">Albert Barracks</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NZHPT_12-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZHPT_12_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/12/12">"Albert Barracks Wall"</a>. <i>New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero</i>. <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Heritage+List%2FR%C4%81rangi+K%C5%8Drero&rft.atitle=Albert+Barracks+Wall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org.nz%2Flist-details%2F12%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EvolvingAuckland10.1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EvolvingAuckland10.1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EvolvingAuckland10.1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2011" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Rhys (2011). "Albert Barracks". In <a href="/wiki/John_La_Roche" title="John La Roche">La Roche, John</a> (ed.). <i>Evolving Auckland: The City's Engineering Heritage</i>. Wily Publications. pp. 211–216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781927167038" title="Special:BookSources/9781927167038"><bdi>9781927167038</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Albert+Barracks&rft.btitle=Evolving+Auckland%3A+The+City%27s+Engineering+Heritage&rft.pages=211-216&rft.pub=Wily+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781927167038&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Rhys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1845" class="citation cs2">Graham, George (12 June 1845), <i>WO 44/175: No. 16. 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Wellington: Historical Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs and Daphne Brasell Associates Press. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+together+%3A+a+history+of+women%27s+organisations+in+New+Zealand&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Historical+Branch%2C+Dept.+of+Internal+Affairs+and+Daphne+Brasell+Associates+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Dalziel&rft.aufirst=Raewyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19290416.2.100">"Old Barrack Wall: Relic of Maori Wars"</a>. <i>New Zealand Herald</i>. 16 April 1929.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Old+Barrack+Wall%3A+Relic+of+Maori+Wars&rft.date=1929-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FNZH19290416.2.100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19331113.2.174.16">"The Last Remnant of the Old Albert Barracks Wall"</a>. <i>New Zealand Herald</i>. 13 November 1933.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Last+Remnant+of+the+Old+Albert+Barracks+Wall&rft.date=1933-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FNZH19331113.2.174.16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Facelift for Historic Wall". <i>University of Auckland News</i>. <b>14</b> (1): 7–9. 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Auckland+News&rft.atitle=Facelift+for+Historic+Wall&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-9&rft.date=1984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebookshelf.auckland.ac.nz/docs/Craccum/1983/craccum-1983-057-025.pdf">"Why Not?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Craccum</i>. <b>57</b> (25): 5. 11 October 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Craccum&rft.atitle=Why+Not%3F&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1983-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebookshelf.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocs%2FCraccum%2F1983%2Fcraccum-1983-057-025.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaclean1990" class="citation book cs1">Maclean, Chris (1990). <i>The Sorrow and the Pride: New Zealand War Memorials</i>. Wellington: Historical Branch; GP Books. pp. 40–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sorrow+and+the+Pride%3A+New+Zealand+War+Memorials&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=Historical+Branch%3B+GP+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Maclean&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Barracks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fortifications of the New Zealand Wars, Nigel Prickett, May 2016, New Zealand Department of Conservation, page 25, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-478-15069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-478-15069-8">978-0-478-15069-8</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> 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title="St Paul's Church, Auckland">St Paul's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symonds_St_Public_Conveniences_and_Former_Tram_Shelter" title="Symonds St Public Conveniences and Former Tram Shelter">Symonds St Public Conveniences and Former Tram Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Arts_Building,_University_of_Auckland" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Arts Building, University of Auckland">Old Arts Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Auckland" title="Old Government House, Auckland">Old Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_G._Glenn_Building" title="Owen G. Glenn Building">Owen G. Glenn Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_House,_Auckland" title="University House, Auckland">University House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitecliffe_College_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design">Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic features and green spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park,_Auckland" title="Albert Park, Auckland">Albert Park</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park_tunnels" title="Albert Park tunnels">tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Grey,_Auckland" title="Statue of George Grey, Auckland">Statue of George Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Victoria,_Auckland" title="Statue of Queen Victoria, Auckland">Statue of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park_Volcano" title="Albert Park Volcano">volcano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_Gully" title="Grafton Gully">Grafton Gully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symonds_Street_Cemetery" title="Symonds Street Cemetery">Symonds Street Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Connector,_Auckland" title="Central Connector, Auckland">Central Connector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_Bridge" title="Grafton Bridge">Grafton Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Local_Board" title="Waitematā Local Board">Waitematā Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_and_Gulf_ward" title="Waitematā and Gulf ward">Waitematā and Gulf ward</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_Council" title="Auckland City Council">Auckland City Council (defunct)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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