CINXE.COM

32nd Venice Biennale - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>32nd Venice Biennale - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"29dc2332-96ed-468f-a64b-c05285296df6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"32nd_Venice_Biennale","wgTitle":"32nd Venice Biennale","wgCurRevisionId":1237489557,"wgRevisionId":1237489557,"wgArticleId":58018134,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from February 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from February 2019","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","1964 in art","1964 in Italy","Venice Biennale exhibitions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"32nd_Venice_Biennale","wgRelevantArticleId":58018134,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4021637","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":[ "brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="32nd Venice Biennale - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd_Venice_Biennale"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd_Venice_Biennale"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-32nd_Venice_Biennale rootpage-32nd_Venice_Biennale skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=32nd+Venice+Biennale" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=32nd+Venice+Biennale" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=32nd+Venice+Biennale" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=32nd+Venice+Biennale" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">32nd Venice Biennale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXII_Esposizione_internazionale_d%27arte_di_Venezia" title="XXXII Esposizione internazionale d&#039;arte di Venezia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XXXII Esposizione internazionale d&#039;arte di Venezia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4021637#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/32nd_Venice_Biennale" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:32nd_Venice_Biennale" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/32nd_Venice_Biennale"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/32nd_Venice_Biennale"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/32nd_Venice_Biennale" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/32nd_Venice_Biennale" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;oldid=1237489557" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;id=1237489557&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F32nd_Venice_Biennale"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F32nd_Venice_Biennale"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4021637" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1964 art exhibition in Venice</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">32nd Venice Biennale</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">Art exhibition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Begins</th><td class="infobox-data">1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ends</th><td class="infobox-data">1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous event</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/31st_Venice_Biennale" title="31st Venice Biennale">31st Venice Biennale</a> (1962)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next event</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/33rd_Venice_Biennale" title="33rd Venice Biennale">33rd Venice Biennale</a> (1966)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>32nd Venice Biennale</b>, held in 1964, was an exhibition of international <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a>, with 34 participating nations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005126_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005126-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a> takes place <a href="/wiki/Biennale" title="Biennale">biennially</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice, Italy">Venice, Italy</a>. Winners of the <i>Gran Premi</i> (Grand Prize) included American painter <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a>, Swiss sculptor <a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Kemeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoltan Kemeny">Zoltan Kemeny</a>, German draughtsman <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fassbender" title="Joseph Fassbender">Joseph Fassbender</a>, and Italian sculptors <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Cascella&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Cascella (page does not exist)">Andrea Cascella</a>, sculptor <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Pomodoro" title="Arnaldo Pomodoro">Arnaldo Pomodoro</a>, and etcher <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Savelli" title="Angelo Savelli">Angelo Savelli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005132_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005132-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rauschenberg's selection for the Grand Prize marked the United States' ascendancy over European artistic dominance, and the entrance of <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a> into canon.<sup id="cite_ref-TAN:_so_important_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAN:_so_important-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005126-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005126_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDi_Martino2005">Di Martino 2005</a>, p.&#160;126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005132-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDi_Martino2005132_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDi_Martino2005">Di Martino 2005</a>, p.&#160;132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TAN:_so_important-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TAN:_so_important_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorris2019" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Jane (May 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theartnewspaper.com/comment/does-venice-still-matter">"Why is the Venice Biennale still so important?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Newspaper" title="The Art Newspaper">The Art Newspaper</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&amp;rft.atitle=Why+is+the+Venice+Biennale+still+so+important%3F&amp;rft.date=2019-05-01&amp;rft.aulast=Morris&amp;rft.aufirst=Jane&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheartnewspaper.com%2Fcomment%2Fdoes-venice-still-matter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Martino2005" class="citation book cs1">Di Martino, Enzo (2005). <i>The History of the Venice Biennale 1895–2005</i>. Venice: Papiro Arte. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-901104-4-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-901104-4-3"><bdi>978-88-901104-4-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62237064">62237064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Venice+Biennale+1895%E2%80%932005&amp;rft.place=Venice&amp;rft.pub=Papiro+Arte&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62237064&amp;rft.isbn=978-88-901104-4-3&amp;rft.aulast=Di+Martino&amp;rft.aufirst=Enzo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Alla XXXII Biennale". <i><a href="/wiki/Domus_(magazine)" title="Domus (magazine)">Domus</a></i> (in Italian). No.&#160;416. July 1964. pp.&#160;36–39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-5377">0012-5377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Domus&amp;rft.atitle=Alla+XXXII+Biennale&amp;rft.issue=416&amp;rft.pages=36-39&amp;rft.date=1964-07&amp;rft.issn=00125377&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaro1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Baro, Gene (September 1964). "Venice biennale". <i><a href="/wiki/Arts_Magazine" title="Arts Magazine">Arts Magazine</a></i>. Vol.&#160;38. pp.&#160;32–37. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-4059">0004-4059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Arts+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Venice+biennale&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.pages=32-37&amp;rft.date=1964-09&amp;rft.issn=00044059&amp;rft.aulast=Baro&amp;rft.aufirst=Gene&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBongard1968" class="citation journal cs1">Bongard, Willi (June 1968). "When Rauschenberg won the Biennale". <i><a href="/wiki/Studio_International" title="Studio International">Studio International</a></i>. <b>175</b>: 288–289. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-4114">0039-4114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Studio+International&amp;rft.atitle=When+Rauschenberg+won+the+Biennale&amp;rft.volume=175&amp;rft.pages=288-289&amp;rft.date=1968-06&amp;rft.issn=00394114&amp;rft.aulast=Bongard&amp;rft.aufirst=Willi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarluccio1964" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carluccio, Luigi (September 1964). "Alla XXXII Biennale". <i><a href="/wiki/Domus_(magazine)" title="Domus (magazine)">Domus</a></i> (in Italian). No.&#160;418. pp.&#160;54–65. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-5377">0012-5377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Domus&amp;rft.atitle=Alla+XXXII+Biennale&amp;rft.issue=418&amp;rft.pages=54-65&amp;rft.date=1964-09&amp;rft.issn=00125377&amp;rft.aulast=Carluccio&amp;rft.aufirst=Luigi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDypréau1964" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dypréau, J. (January 2, 1964). "XXXIIe Biennale de Venise". <i>Quadrum</i> (in French) (17): 176–177.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Quadrum&amp;rft.atitle=XXXIIe+Biennale+de+Venise&amp;rft.issue=17&amp;rft.pages=176-177&amp;rft.date=1964-01-02&amp;rft.aulast=Dypr%C3%A9au&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGendel1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Gendel, Milton (September 1964). "Hugger-mugger in the giardini". <i><a href="/wiki/ARTnews" title="ARTnews">ARTnews</a></i>. Vol.&#160;63. p.&#160;32. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-3273">0004-3273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ARTnews&amp;rft.atitle=Hugger-mugger+in+the+giardini&amp;rft.volume=63&amp;rft.pages=32&amp;rft.date=1964-09&amp;rft.issn=00043273&amp;rft.aulast=Gendel&amp;rft.aufirst=Milton&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberger2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Greenberger, Alex (August 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artnews.com/feature/venice-biennale-controversies-christoph-buchel-gran-fury-robert-rauschenberg-1202697214/">"The Top 10 Venice Biennale Controversies: Censorship, Fake Art, Financial Strife, and More"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ARTnews" title="ARTnews">ARTnews</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ARTnews&amp;rft.atitle=The+Top+10+Venice+Biennale+Controversies%3A+Censorship%2C+Fake+Art%2C+Financial+Strife%2C+and+More&amp;rft.date=2020-08-18&amp;rft.aulast=Greenberger&amp;rft.aufirst=Alex&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artnews.com%2Ffeature%2Fvenice-biennale-controversies-christoph-buchel-gran-fury-robert-rauschenberg-1202697214%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthGuth1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Guth, Jenny; Guth, Francis (September 1964). "Venice: the biennale". <i><a href="/wiki/Craft_Horizons" title="Craft Horizons">Craft Horizons</a></i>. Vol.&#160;24. p.&#160;48. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0011-0744">0011-0744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Craft+Horizons&amp;rft.atitle=Venice%3A+the+biennale&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft.date=1964-09&amp;rft.issn=00110744&amp;rft.aulast=Guth&amp;rft.aufirst=Jenny&amp;rft.au=Guth%2C+Francis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Hoffmann, Edith (August 1964). "Venice Biennale". <i><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlington Magazine">Burlington Magazine</a></i>. Vol.&#160;106. p.&#160;395. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-6287">0007-6287</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Burlington+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Venice+Biennale&amp;rft.volume=106&amp;rft.pages=395&amp;rft.date=1964-08&amp;rft.issn=00076287&amp;rft.aulast=Hoffmann&amp;rft.aufirst=Edith&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter1964" class="citation news cs1">Hunter, Marjorie (April 3, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyti.ms/2NS1lpP">"8 Artists Chosen for Venice Show"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p.&#160;30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=8+Artists+Chosen+for+Venice+Show&amp;rft.pages=30&amp;rft.date=1964-04-03&amp;rft.aulast=Hunter&amp;rft.aufirst=Marjorie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyti.ms%2F2NS1lpP&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller1964" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Keller, Heinz (August 1964). "XXXII Biennale internazionale d'arte". <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werk,_Bauen_%2B_Wohnen" class="extiw" title="de:Werk, Bauen + Wohnen">Werk</a></i> (in German). <b>51</b>: 188–191. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-2768">0043-2768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Werk&amp;rft.atitle=XXXII+Biennale+internazionale+d%27arte&amp;rft.volume=51&amp;rft.pages=188-191&amp;rft.date=1964-08&amp;rft.issn=00432768&amp;rft.aulast=Keller&amp;rft.aufirst=Heinz&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"La XXXIIe Biennale de Venise". <i><a href="/wiki/Aujourd%27hui" title="Aujourd&#39;hui">Aujourdhui</a></i> (in French). Vol.&#160;8. October 1964. pp.&#160;26–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Aujourdhui&amp;rft.atitle=La+XXXIIe+Biennale+de+Venise&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.pages=26-43&amp;rft.date=1964-10&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"O Brasil na XXXII Bienal de Veneza". <i>Habitat</i> (in Portuguese) (79): 75–78. September 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Habitat&amp;rft.atitle=O+Brasil+na+XXXII+Bienal+de+Veneza&amp;rft.issue=79&amp;rft.pages=75-78&amp;rft.date=1964-09&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRestany1964" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Restany, Pierre (August 1964). "La XXXII Biennale di Venezia, Biennale della irregolarità {text in French and Italian, with English summary}". <i><a href="/wiki/Domus_(magazine)" title="Domus (magazine)">Domus</a></i> (in Italian). No.&#160;417. pp.&#160;27–42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-5377">0012-5377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Domus&amp;rft.atitle=La+XXXII+Biennale+di+Venezia%2C+Biennale+della+irregolarit%C3%A0+%7Btext+in+French+and+Italian%2C+with+English+summary%7D&amp;rft.issue=417&amp;rft.pages=27-42&amp;rft.date=1964-08&amp;rft.issn=00125377&amp;rft.aulast=Restany&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierre&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevel1964" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Revel, Jean François (July 1964). "XXXIIe Biennale de Venise: triomphe du 'réalisme nationaliste.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92IL" title="L&#39;ŒIL">L'Oeil</a></i> (in French). No.&#160;115–116. pp.&#160;2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-862X">0029-862X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Oeil&amp;rft.atitle=XXXIIe+Biennale+de+Venise%3A+triomphe+du+%27r%C3%A9alisme+nationaliste.%27&amp;rft.issue=115%E2%80%93116&amp;rft.pages=2-3&amp;rft.date=1964-07&amp;rft.issn=0029862X&amp;rft.aulast=Revel&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean+Fran%C3%A7ois&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSan_Lazzaro1964" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">San Lazzaro, Gualtieri di (December 1964). "La XXXIIe Biennale de Venise". <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle_(revue)" class="extiw" title="fr:XXe siècle (revue)">XXe Siecle</a></i> (in French). <b>26</b>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0223-3010">0223-3010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=XXe+Siecle&amp;rft.atitle=La+XXXIIe+Biennale+de+Venise&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.date=1964-12&amp;rft.issn=02233010&amp;rft.aulast=San+Lazzaro&amp;rft.aufirst=Gualtieri+di&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Spencer, Charles S. (November 1964). "XXXII Esposizione biennale internazionale d'arte di Venezia". <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Art_(magazine)" title="Canadian Art (magazine)">Canadian Art</a></i>. Vol.&#160;21. pp.&#160;346–347. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0825-3854">0825-3854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Art&amp;rft.atitle=XXXII+Esposizione+biennale+internazionale+d%27arte+di+Venezia&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.pages=346-347&amp;rft.date=1964-11&amp;rft.issn=08253854&amp;rft.aulast=Spencer&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomkins1965" class="citation magazine cs1">Tomkins, Calvin (April 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harpers.org/archive/1965/04/the-big-show-in-venice/">"The big show in Venice"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper&#39;s Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-789X">0017-789X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=The+big+show+in+Venice&amp;rft.date=1965-04&amp;rft.issn=0017-789X&amp;rft.aulast=Tomkins&amp;rft.aufirst=Calvin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharpers.org%2Farchive%2F1965%2F04%2Fthe-big-show-in-venice%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomkins2005" class="citation book cs1">Tomkins, Calvin (2005). "Venice, 1964". <i>Off the Wall: A Portrait of Robert Rauschenberg</i>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42585-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42585-2"><bdi>978-0-312-42585-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Venice%2C+1964&amp;rft.btitle=Off+the+Wall%3A+A+Portrait+of+Robert+Rauschenberg&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-312-42585-2&amp;rft.aulast=Tomkins&amp;rft.aufirst=Calvin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Venice biennale. Romulus". <i><a href="/wiki/Apollo:_The_International_Magazine_for_Collectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors">Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</a></i>. Vol.&#160;80. August 1964. pp.&#160;158–159. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-6536">0003-6536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Apollo%3A+The+International+Magazine+for+Collectors&amp;rft.atitle=Venice+biennale.+Romulus&amp;rft.volume=80&amp;rft.pages=158-159&amp;rft.date=1964-08&amp;rft.issn=00036536&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Venice: the Biennale XXXII". <i><a href="/wiki/Arts_Magazine" title="Arts Magazine">Arts Magazine</a></i>. Vol.&#160;38. May–June 1964. pp.&#160;76–77. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-4059">0004-4059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Arts+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Venice%3A+the+Biennale+XXXII&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.pages=76-77&amp;rft.date=1964-05%2F1964-06&amp;rft.issn=00044059&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittet1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Whittet, George Sorley (September 1964). "Sculpture scoops the lagoon: XXXII Biennale at Venice". <i><a href="/wiki/Studio_International" title="Studio International">Studio International</a></i>. Vol.&#160;168. pp.&#160;96–103. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-4114">0039-4114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Studio+International&amp;rft.atitle=Sculpture+scoops+the+lagoon%3A+XXXII+Biennale+at+Venice&amp;rft.volume=168&amp;rft.pages=96-103&amp;rft.date=1964-09&amp;rft.issn=00394114&amp;rft.aulast=Whittet&amp;rft.aufirst=George+Sorley&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZahn1964" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zahn, L. (July 1964). "Biennale 1964". <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Kunstwerk_(Zeitschrift)" class="extiw" title="de:Das Kunstwerk (Zeitschrift)">Das Kunstwerk</a></i> (in German). <b>18</b>: 31–48. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0023-561X">0023-561X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Das+Kunstwerk&amp;rft.atitle=Biennale+1964&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.pages=31-48&amp;rft.date=1964-07&amp;rft.issn=0023561X&amp;rft.aulast=Zahn&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A32nd+Venice+Biennale" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Venice_Biennale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #AE181E; color: white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Venice_Biennale" title="Template:Venice Biennale"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Venice_Biennale" title="Template talk:Venice Biennale"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Venice_Biennale" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Venice Biennale"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Venice_Biennale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Venice Biennale</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #AE181E; color: white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_pavilions" class="mw-redirect" title="National pavilions"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #fff; text-decoration: inherit;">Pavilions</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_pavilion" title="Angolan pavilion">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_pavilion" title="Austrian pavilion">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_pavilion" title="Australian pavilion">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_pavilion" title="Canadian pavilion">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_pavilion" title="Czech and Slovak pavilion">Czech Republic and Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_pavilion" title="Belgian pavilion">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_pavilion" title="Brazilian pavilion">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pavilion" title="Danish pavilion">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pavilion" title="Egyptian pavilion">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_pavilion" title="Finnish pavilion">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pavilion" title="French pavilion">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_pavilion" title="German pavilion">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghana pavilion">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pavilion" title="British pavilion">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_pavilion" title="Greek pavilion">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_pavilion" title="Hungarian pavilion">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_pavilion" title="Israeli pavilion">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pavilion" title="Japanese pavilion">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_pavilion" title="Dutch pavilion">the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_pavilion" title="Nordic pavilion">Nordic countries</a> (Sweden/Norway/Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_pavilion" title="Polish pavilion">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_pavilion" title="Romanian pavilion">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pavilion" title="Russian pavilion">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_pavilion" title="Serbian pavilion">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_pavilion" title="Korean pavilion">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_pavilion" title="Spanish pavilion">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_pavilion" title="Swiss pavilion">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_pavilion" title="American pavilion">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_pavilion" title="Uruguayan pavilion">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_pavilion" title="Venezuelan pavilion">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #AE181E; color: white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venice_Biennale_exhibitions" title="List of Venice Biennale exhibitions"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #fff; text-decoration: inherit;">Art exhibitions</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17th_Venice_Biennale" title="17th Venice Biennale">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Venice_Biennale" title="18th Venice Biennale">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Venice_Biennale" title="19th Venice Biennale">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Venice_Biennale" title="20th Venice Biennale">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Venice_Biennale" title="21st Venice Biennale">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Venice_Biennale" title="22nd Venice Biennale">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Venice_Biennale" title="23rd Venice Biennale">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Venice_Biennale" title="24th Venice Biennale">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Venice_Biennale" title="25th Venice Biennale">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Venice_Biennale" title="26th Venice Biennale">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Venice_Biennale" title="27th Venice Biennale">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Venice_Biennale" title="28th Venice Biennale">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Venice_Biennale" title="29th Venice Biennale">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Venice_Biennale" title="30th Venice Biennale">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Venice_Biennale" title="31st Venice Biennale">1962</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Venice_Biennale" title="33rd Venice Biennale">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Venice_Biennale" title="34th Venice Biennale">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Venice_Biennale" title="35th Venice Biennale">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Venice_Biennale" title="36th Venice Biennale">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Venice_Biennale" title="37th Venice Biennale">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Venice_Biennale" title="38th Venice Biennale">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Venice_Biennale" title="39th Venice Biennale">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Venice_Biennale" title="40th Venice Biennale">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_Venice_Biennale" title="41st Venice Biennale">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Venice_Biennale" title="42nd Venice Biennale">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Venice_Biennale" title="43rd Venice Biennale">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Venice_Biennale" title="44th Venice Biennale">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Venice_Biennale" title="45th Venice Biennale">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Venice_Biennale" title="46th Venice Biennale">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Venice_Biennale" title="47th Venice Biennale">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Venice_Biennale" title="48th Venice Biennale">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Venice_Biennale" title="49th Venice Biennale">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Venice_Biennale" title="50th Venice Biennale">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Venice_Biennale" title="51st Venice Biennale">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Venice_Biennale" title="52nd Venice Biennale">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Venice_Biennale" title="53rd Venice Biennale">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Venice_Biennale" title="54th Venice Biennale">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Venice_Biennale" title="55th Venice Biennale">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Venice_Biennale" title="56th Venice Biennale">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Venice_Biennale" title="57th Venice Biennale">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Venice_Biennale" title="58th Venice Biennale">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Venice_Biennale" title="59th Venice Biennale">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_Venice_Biennale" title="60th Venice Biennale">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/21px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/42px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WPVA-khamsa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/15px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/22px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/29px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="124" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/21px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/42px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s</a></li></ul></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐6bcd787d7f‐www9l Cached time: 20241126031225 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.439 seconds Real time usage: 0.510 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1795/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52836/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1440/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 71191/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.302/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7372948/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 463.772 1 -total 17.16% 79.569 1 Template:Reflist 14.76% 68.432 1 Template:Cite_web 14.61% 67.766 1 Template:Venice_Biennale 13.45% 62.388 14 Template:Cite_magazine 12.98% 60.180 1 Template:Short_description 10.41% 48.260 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event 9.48% 43.963 1 Template:Infobox 7.25% 33.635 2 Template:Sfn 7.15% 33.175 2 Template:Pagetype --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58018134-0!canonical and timestamp 20241126031225 and revision id 1237489557. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;oldid=1237489557">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;oldid=1237489557</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1964_in_art" title="Category:1964 in art">1964 in art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1964_in_Italy" title="Category:1964 in Italy">1964 in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Venice_Biennale_exhibitions" title="Category:Venice Biennale exhibitions">Venice Biennale exhibitions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_February_2019" title="Category:Use American English from February 2019">Use American English from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2019">Use mdy dates from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 July 2024, at 02:13<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=32nd_Venice_Biennale&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-74b564977c-l6g75","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.439","walltime":"0.510","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1795,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":52836,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1440,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":71191,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 463.772 1 -total"," 17.16% 79.569 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.76% 68.432 1 Template:Cite_web"," 14.61% 67.766 1 Template:Venice_Biennale"," 13.45% 62.388 14 Template:Cite_magazine"," 12.98% 60.180 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.41% 48.260 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event"," 9.48% 43.963 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.25% 33.635 2 Template:Sfn"," 7.15% 33.175 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.302","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7372948,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBaro1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBongard1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarluccio1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDi_Martino2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDypréau1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGendel1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberger2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuthGuth1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffmann1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunter1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRestany1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRevel1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSan_Lazzaro1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomkins1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomkins2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittet1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZahn1964\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox recurring event\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Venice Biennale\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6bcd787d7f-www9l","timestamp":"20241126031225","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"32nd Venice Biennale","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/32nd_Venice_Biennale","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4021637","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4021637","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-07-28T22:59:52Z","dateModified":"2024-07-30T02:13:14Z","headline":"1964 art exhibition in Venice"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10