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lightweight</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: lightweight"> <meta name="keywords" content="lightweight"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="lightweight"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 369</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: lightweight</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">369</span> Lightweight Materials for Building Finishing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarka%20Keprdova">Sarka Keprdova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikol%20Zizkova"> Nikol Zizkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the presentation of results which were obtained as a part of the project FR-TI 3/742: “System of Lightweight Materials for Finishing of Buildings with Waste Raw Materials”. Attention was paid to the lightweighting of polymer-modified mortars applicable as adhesives, screeds and repair mortars. In terms of repair mortars, they were ones intended for the sanitation of aerated concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title="additives">additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20aggregates" title=" light aggregates"> light aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20materials" title=" lightweight materials"> lightweight materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20mortars" title=" lightweight mortars"> lightweight mortars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer-modified%20mortars" title=" polymer-modified mortars"> polymer-modified mortars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18439/lightweight-materials-for-building-finishing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">368</span> Development of Palm Kernel Shell Lightweight Masonry Mortar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazeem%20K.%20Adewole">Kazeem K. Adewole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There need to construct building walls with lightweight masonry bricks/blocks and mortar to reduce the weight and cost of cooling/heating of buildings in hot/cold climates is growing partly due to legislations on energy use and global warming. In this paper, the development of Palm Kernel Shell masonry mortar (PKSMM) prepared with Portland cement and crushed PKS fine aggregate (an agricultural waste) is demonstrated. We show that PKSMM can be used as a lightweight mortar for the construction of lightweight masonry walls with good thermal insulation efficiency than the natural river sand commonly used for masonry mortar production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20walls" title="building walls">building walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20aggregate" title=" fine aggregate"> fine aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20masonry%20mortar" title=" lightweight masonry mortar"> lightweight masonry mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20shell" title=" palm kernel shell"> palm kernel shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20thermal%20insulation%20efficacy" title=" wall thermal insulation efficacy"> wall thermal insulation efficacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37213/development-of-palm-kernel-shell-lightweight-masonry-mortar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">367</span> On the Construction of Lightweight Circulant Maximum Distance Separable Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinyi%20Mei">Qinyi Mei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ping%20Wang"> Li-Ping Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MDS matrices are of great significance in the design of block ciphers and hash functions. In the present paper, we investigate the problem of constructing MDS matrices which are both lightweight and low-latency. We propose a new method of constructing lightweight MDS matrices using circulant matrices which can be implemented efficiently in hardware. Furthermore, we provide circulant MDS matrices with as few bit XOR operations as possible for the classical dimensions 4 × 4, 8 × 8 over the space of linear transformations over finite field F42 . In contrast to previous constructions of MDS matrices, our constructions have achieved fewer XORs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20diffusion%20layer" title="linear diffusion layer">linear diffusion layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulant%20matrix" title=" circulant matrix"> circulant matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20distance%20separable%20%28MDS%29%20matrix" title="maximum distance separable (MDS) matrix">maximum distance separable (MDS) matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64109/on-the-construction-of-lightweight-circulant-maximum-distance-separable-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">366</span> Durability of Lightweight Concrete Material Made from Date Palma Seeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Almograbi">Mohammed Almograbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Libya is one of the largest producers of dates from date palm, generating about 60000 tonnes of date palm seeds (DPS) annually. This large amount of seeds led to studies into the possible use as aggregates in lightweight concrete for some special structures. The utilization of DPS as aggregate in concrete provides a good solution as alternative aggregate to the stone aggregate. It has been recognized that, DPS can be used as coarse aggregate in structural lightweight concrete industry. For any structure member, the durability is one of the most important considerations during its service life. This paper presents the durability properties of DPS concrete. These include the water permeability, water absorption, sorptivity and chloride penetration. The test results obtained were comparable to the conventional lightweight concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm%20seeds" title="date palm seeds">date palm seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title=" lightweight concrete"> lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability%20of%20concrete" title=" permeability of concrete"> permeability of concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption%20of%20concrete" title=" water absorption of concrete"> water absorption of concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorptivity%20of%20concrete" title=" sorptivity of concrete"> sorptivity of concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21909/durability-of-lightweight-concrete-material-made-from-date-palma-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">365</span> Using Waste Marbles in Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Funda%20T%C3%BCrkmeno%C4%9Flu">Z. Funda Türkmenoğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20T%C3%BCrkmenoglu"> Mehmet Türkmenoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Yavuz"> Demet Yavuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="> </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effects of waste marbles as aggregate material on workability and hardened concrete characteristics of self compacting lightweight concrete are investigated. For this purpose, self compacting light weight concrete are produced by waste marble aggregates are replaced with fine aggregate at 5%, 7.5%, and 10% ratios. Fresh concrete properties, slump flow, T<sub>50</sub> time, V funnel, compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of self compacting lightweight concrete are determined. It is concluded from the test results that using waste marbles as aggregate material by replacement with fine aggregate slightly affects fresh and hardened concrete characteristics of self compacting lightweight concretes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardened%20concrete%20characteristics" title="hardened concrete characteristics">hardened concrete characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20compacting%20lightweight%20concrete" title=" self compacting lightweight concrete"> self compacting lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20marble" title=" waste marble"> waste marble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workability" title=" workability"> workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61141/using-waste-marbles-in-self-compacting-lightweight-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">364</span> Making Lightweight Concrete with Meerschaum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gonen">H. Gonen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dogan"> M. Dogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Meerschaum, which is found in the earth’s crust, is a white and clay like hydrous magnesium silicate. It has a wide area of use from production of carious ornaments to chemical industry. It has a white and irregular crystalline structure. It is wet and moist when extracted, which is a good form for processing. At drying phase, it gradually loses its moisture and becomes lighter and harder. In through-dry state, meerschaum is durable and floats on the water. After processing of meerschaum, A ratio between %15 to %40 of the amount becomes waste. This waste is usually kept in a dry-atmosphere which is isolated from environmental effects so that to be used right away when needed. In this study, use of meerschaum waste as aggregate in lightweight concrete is studied. Stress-strain diagrams for concrete with meerschaum aggregate are obtained. Then, stress-strain diagrams of lightweight concrete and concrete with regular aggregate are compared. It is concluded that meerschaum waste can be used in production of lightweight concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title="lightweight concrete">lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meerschaum" title=" meerschaum"> meerschaum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate" title=" aggregate"> aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sepiolite" title=" sepiolite"> sepiolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain%20diagram" title=" stress-strain diagram"> stress-strain diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18253/making-lightweight-concrete-with-meerschaum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">363</span> Structural Behavior of Lightweight Concrete Made With Scoria Aggregates and Mineral Admixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shannag">M. Shannag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Charif"> A. Charif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Naser"> S. Naser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Faisal"> F. Faisal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Karim"> A. Karim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural lightweight concrete is used primarily to reduce the dead-load weight in concrete members such as floors in high-rise buildings and bridge decks. With given materials, it is generally desired to have the highest possible strength/unit weight ratio with the lowest cost of concrete. The work presented herein is part of an ongoing research project that investigates the properties of concrete mixes containing locally available Scoria lightweight aggregates and mineral admixtures. Properties considered included: workability, unit weight, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength. Test results indicated that developing structural lightweight concretes (SLWC) using locally available Scoria lightweight aggregates and specific blends of silica fume and fly ash seems to be feasible. The stress-strain diagrams plotted for the structural LWC mixes developed in this investigation were comparable to a typical stress-strain diagram for normal weight concrete with relatively larger strain capacity at failure in case of LWC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title="lightweight concrete">lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoria" title=" scoria"> scoria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20fume" title=" silica fume"> silica fume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1351/structural-behavior-of-lightweight-concrete-made-with-scoria-aggregates-and-mineral-admixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">362</span> Lessons from Vernacular Architecture for Lightweight Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Taghdiri">Alireza Taghdiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Ghanbarzade%20Ghomi"> Sara Ghanbarzade Ghomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the gravity load reduction in the structural and non-structural components, the lightweight construction will be achieved as well as the improvement of efficiency and functional specifications. The advantages of lightweight construction can be examined in two levels. The first is the mass reduction of load bearing structure which results in increasing internal useful space and the other one is the mass reduction of building which decreases the effects of seismic load as a result. In order to achieve this goal, the essential building materials specifications and also optimum load bearing geometry of structural systems and elements have to be considered, so lightweight materials selection particularly with lightweight aggregate for building components will be the first step of lightweight construction. In the next step, in addition to selecting the prominent samples of Iran's traditional architecture, the process of these works improvement is analyzed through the viewpoints of structural efficiency and lightweighting and also the practical methods of lightweight construction have been extracted. The optimum design of load bearing geometry of structural system has to be considered not only in the structural system elements, but also in their composition and the selection of dimensions, proportions, forms and optimum orientations, can lead to get a maximum materials efficiency for loads and stresses bearing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20load" title="gravity load">gravity load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light-weighting%20structural%20system" title=" light-weighting structural system"> light-weighting structural system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20bearing%20geometry" title=" load bearing geometry"> load bearing geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20behavior" title=" seismic behavior"> seismic behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19932/lessons-from-vernacular-architecture-for-lightweight-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">361</span> Analysis of Sound Loss from the Highway Traffic through Lightweight Insulating Concrete Walls and Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Sound Transmission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Tosun">Mustafa Tosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevser%20Dincer"> Kevser Dincer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, analysis on whether the lightweight concrete walled structures used in four climatic regions of Turkey are also capable of insulating sound was conducted. As a new approach, first the wall’s thermal insulation sufficiency’s were calculated and then, artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was used on their cross sections to check if they are sound transmitters too. The ANN was trained and tested by using MATLAB toolbox on a personal computer. ANN input parameters that used were thickness of lightweight concrete wall, frequency and density of lightweight concrete wall, while the transmitted sound was the output parameter. When the results of the TS analysis and those of ANN modeling are evaluated together, it is found from this study, that sound transmit loss increases at higher frequencies, higher wall densities and with larger wall cross sections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neuron%20network" title="artificial neuron network">artificial neuron network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title=" lightweight concrete"> lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20insulation" title=" sound insulation"> sound insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20transmit%20loss" title=" sound transmit loss"> sound transmit loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41076/analysis-of-sound-loss-from-the-highway-traffic-through-lightweight-insulating-concrete-walls-and-artificial-neural-network-modeling-of-sound-transmission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">360</span> Behaviour of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Bodn%C3%A1rov%C3%A1">Lenka Bodnárová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudolf%20Hela"> Rudolf Hela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michala%20Hubertov%C3%A1"> Michala Hubertová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iveta%20Nov%C3%A1kov%C3%A1"> Iveta Nováková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is concerning the issues of behaviour of lightweight expanded clay aggregates concrete exposed to high temperature. Lightweight aggregates from expanded clay are produced by firing of row material up to temperature 1050°C. Lightweight aggregates have suitable properties in terms of volume stability, when exposed to temperatures up to 1050°C, which could indicate their suitability for construction applications with higher risk of fire. The test samples were exposed to heat by using the standard temperature-time curve ISO 834. Negative changes in resulting mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength were evaluated. Also visual evaluation of the specimen was performed. On specimen exposed to excessive heat, an explosive spalling could be observed, due to evaporation of considerable amount of unbounded water from the inner structure of the concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20clay%20aggregate" title="expanded clay aggregate">expanded clay aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosive%20spalling" title=" explosive spalling"> explosive spalling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title=" high temperature"> high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title=" lightweight concrete"> lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature-time%20curve%20ISO%20834" title=" temperature-time curve ISO 834"> temperature-time curve ISO 834</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20176/behaviour-of-lightweight-expanded-clay-aggregate-concrete-exposed-to-high-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">359</span> Architectural Advancements: Lightweight Structures and Future Applications in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete, Fabrics, and Flexible Photovoltaics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratik%20Pankaj%20Pawar">Pratik Pankaj Pawar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lightweight structures - structures with reduced weight, which otherwise retain the qualities necessary for the building performance, ensuring proper durability and strength, safety, indoor environmental quality, and energy efficiency; structures that strive for the optimization of structural systems - are in tune with current trends and socio-economic, environmental, and technological factors. The growing interest in lightweight structures design makes them an ever more significant field of research. This article focuses on the architectural aspects of lightweight structures and on their contemporary and future applications. The selected advanced building technologies - i.e., Ultra-High-Performance Concrete, fabrics, and flexible photovoltaics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20weight%20building" title="light weight building">light weight building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbyne" title=" carbyne"> carbyne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerographite" title=" aerographite"> aerographite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20reinforced%20wood%20particles%20aggregate" title=" geopolymer reinforced wood particles aggregate"> geopolymer reinforced wood particles aggregate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184505/architectural-advancements-lightweight-structures-and-future-applications-in-ultra-high-performance-concrete-fabrics-and-flexible-photovoltaics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">358</span> Applied Methods for Lightweighting Structural Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Taghdiri">Alireza Taghdiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Ghanbarzade%20Ghomi"> Sara Ghanbarzade Ghomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With gravity load reduction in the structural and non-structural components, the lightweight construction will be achieved as well as the improvement of efficiency and functional specifications. The advantages of lightweight construction can be examined in two levels. The first is the mass reduction of load bearing structure which results in increasing internal useful space and the other one is the mass reduction of building which decreases the effects of seismic load as a result. In order to achieve this goal, the essential building materials specifications and also optimum load bearing geometry of structural systems and elements have to be considered, so lightweight materials selection particularly with lightweight aggregate for building components will be the first step of lightweight construction. In the next step, in addition to selecting the prominent samples of Iran's traditional architecture, the process of these works improvement is analyzed through the viewpoints of structural efficiency and lightweighting and also the practical methods of lightweight construction have been extracted. The optimum design of load bearing geometry of structural system has to be considered not only in the structural system elements, but also in their composition and the selection of dimensions, proportions, forms and optimum orientations, can lead to get a maximum materials efficiency for loads and stresses bearing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20load" title="gravity load">gravity load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweighting%20structural%20system" title=" lightweighting structural system"> lightweighting structural system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20bearing%20geometry" title=" load bearing geometry"> load bearing geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20behavior" title=" seismic behavior"> seismic behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18158/applied-methods-for-lightweighting-structural-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">357</span> Feasibility of a Biopolymer as Lightweight Aggregate in Perlite Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Sayadi">Ali A. Sayadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20R.%20Neitzert"> Thomas R. Neitzert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Charles%20Clifton"> G. Charles Clifton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lightweight concrete is being used in the construction industry as a building material in its own right. Ultra-lightweight concrete can be applied as a filler and support material for the manufacturing of composite building materials. This paper is about the development of a stable and reproducible ultra-lightweight concrete with the inclusion of poly-lactic acid (PLA) beads and assessing the feasibility of PLA as a lightweight aggregate that will deliver advantages such as a more eco-friendly concrete and a non-petroleum polymer aggregate. In total, sixty-three samples were prepared and the effectiveness of mineral admixture, curing conditions, water-cement ratio, PLA ratio, EPS ratio and perlite ratio on compressive strength of perlite concrete are studied. The results show that PLA particles are sensitive to alkali environment of cement paste and considerably shrank and lost their strength. A higher compressive strength and a lower density was observed when expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles replaced PLA beads. In addition, a set of equations is proposed to estimate the water-cement ratio, cement content and compressive strength of perlite concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perlite%20concrete" title="perlite concrete">perlite concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly-lactic%20acid%20%28pla%29" title=" poly-lactic acid (pla)"> poly-lactic acid (pla)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20polystyrene%20%28eps%29" title=" expanded polystyrene (eps)"> expanded polystyrene (eps)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50271/feasibility-of-a-biopolymer-as-lightweight-aggregate-in-perlite-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">356</span> Tag Impersonation Attack on Ultra-lightweight Radio Frequency Identification Authentication Scheme (ESRAS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20Al-Zahrani">Reham Al-Zahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noura%20Aleisa"> Noura Aleisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proliferation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has raised concerns about system security, particularly regarding tag impersonation attacks. Regarding RFID systems, an appropriate authentication protocol must resist active and passive attacks. A tag impersonation occurs when an adversary's tag is used to fool an authenticating reader into believing it is a legitimate tag. This paper analyzed the security of the efficient, secure, and practical ultra-lightweight RFID Authentication Scheme (ESRAS). Then, the paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Efficient, Secure, and Practical Ultra-Lightweight RFID Authentication Scheme (ESRAS) in the context of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems that employed the Scyther tool to examine the protocol's security against a tag impersonation attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title="RFID">RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impersonation%20attack" title=" impersonation attack"> impersonation attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title=" authentication"> authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-lightweight%20protocols" title=" ultra-lightweight protocols"> ultra-lightweight protocols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183098/tag-impersonation-attack-on-ultra-lightweight-radio-frequency-identification-authentication-scheme-esras" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">355</span> Necessity of Using Cellular Lightweights Concrete in Construction Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soner%20Guler">Soner Guler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuat%20Korkut"> Fuat Korkut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the using of lightweights concretes in construction sector is rapidly increasing all over the world. Faster construction, low density and thermal transmitting coefficient and high fire resistance are the remarkable characteristics of the lightweight concretes. Lightweight concrete can be described as a type of concrete which enhance the volume of the mixture while giving additional advantages such as to reduce the dead weight of the structures. It is lighter than the conventional concrete. The use of lightweight concrete has been widely spread across countries such as USA, United Kingdom, and Sweden. In this study, the necessity of the using of lightweights concretes in the construction sector is emphasized and evaluated briefly for the architectures and civil engineers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweights%20concretes" title="lightweights concretes">lightweights concretes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20density" title=" low density"> low density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20thermal%20coefficient" title=" low thermal coefficient"> low thermal coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20sector" title=" construction sector"> construction sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53001/necessity-of-using-cellular-lightweights-concrete-in-construction-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">354</span> Effect of Clay Brick Filler on Properties of Self-Compacting Lightweight Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Juradin">Sandra Juradin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidia%20Karla%20Vranjes"> Lidia Karla Vranjes </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environmental impact of the components of concrete is considerable. The paper presents the influence of ground clay brick filler on the properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC). In the manufacture and transport of clay bricks, product damage may occur. The filler was obtained by milling the damaged clay brick and sieved under the 0.04 mm size. The composition of each of SCLC mixture was determined according to the CBI method and compared with EFNARC (European Association) criteria. Self-compacting lightweight concrete has been tested in a fresh (slump flow method, visual assessment of stability, T50 time, V-funnel method, L-box method and J-ring) and hardened state (compressive strengths and dynamic modulus of elasticity). Mixtures with this filler had good results of compressive strength, but in fresh state the mixtures were sticky. All results were analyzed and compared with previous studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBI%20methods" title="CBI methods">CBI methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20clay%20brick" title=" ground clay brick"> ground clay brick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compacting%20lightweight%20concrete" title=" self-compacting lightweight concrete"> self-compacting lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20fume" title=" silica fume"> silica fume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85392/effect-of-clay-brick-filler-on-properties-of-self-compacting-lightweight-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">353</span> Green Concrete for Sustainable Indonesia Structures: Lightweight Concrete Using Oil Palm Shell as Coarse Aggregate with Superplasticizer and Fly Ash</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feny%20Acelia%20Silaban">Feny Acelia Silaban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of Indonesia’s infrastructure in many islands is significantly increased through the years. Based on this condition, concrete materials which are extracted from natural resources are over exploited and slowly becoming rare, thus the demand for alternative materials becomes so urgently crucial. Oil Palm is one of the biggest commodities in Indonesia with the total amount of 31 million tons in the last 2014. The production of palm oil also generates lots of solid wastes in the form of Oil Palm Shell (OPS). Constructing more environmentally sustainable structures can be achieved by producing lightweight concrete using the Oil Palm Shell (OPS). This paper investigated the effects of OPS and combination of Superplasticizer and fly ash proportion of lightweight concrete mix design to the compressive strength, flexure strength, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage behavior, and water absorption. The Oil Palm Shell had undergone special treatment by washing it with hot water and soap to reduce the oil content. This experiment used four different proportions of Superplasticizer with fly ash and 30 % OPS proportion from the weight of total compositions mixture by the result of trial mix. The experiment result showed that using OPS coarse aggregates and Superplasticizer with fly ash, the average of 28-day compressive strength reached 30-35 MPa. The highest 28-day compressive strength comes from 1.2 % Superplasticizer with 5 % fly ash proportion samples with the strength by 33 MPa. The sample with proportion of 1 % Superplasticizer and 7.5 % fly ash has the highest shrinkage value compared to other proportions. The characteristic of OPS as coarse aggregates is in a standard range of natural coarse aggregates. In general, this lightweight concrete using OPS coarse aggregate and Superplasticizer has high potential to be green-structural lightweight concrete alternative in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title="lightweight concrete">lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20shell" title=" oil palm shell"> oil palm shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20materials" title=" waste materials"> waste materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superplasticizer" title=" superplasticizer"> superplasticizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48998/green-concrete-for-sustainable-indonesia-structures-lightweight-concrete-using-oil-palm-shell-as-coarse-aggregate-with-superplasticizer-and-fly-ash" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">352</span> Using CFRP Sheets and Anchors on Sand-Lightweight Perlite Concrete to Evaluate the Flexural Behaviour of T-Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Zaki">Mohammed Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Rasheed"> Hayder Rasheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the flexural response of sand-lightweight Perlite concrete using full-scale reinforced concrete T beams strengthened and anchored with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. Four specimens were prepared with the same geometry, steel reinforcements, concrete properties, and span lengths. The anchored beams had a similar number of CFRP sheets but were secured utilizing different arrangements of CFRP fiber anchors. That will allow for effective and easily making comparisons to examine the flexural strengthening behavior of sand-lightweight Perlite concrete beams with anchors. The experimental outcomes were also compared with the numerical study and the comparisons were discussed. The test results showed an improvement in flexural behavior due to the use of CFRP sheets and anchors. Interestingly, the anchored beams recorded similar ultimate strength regardless of the number of CFRP fiber anchors used due to the failure by excessive wide cracks in the concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perlite%20concrete" title="perlite concrete">perlite concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP%20fiber%20anchors" title=" CFRP fiber anchors"> CFRP fiber anchors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title=" lightweight concrete"> lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full-scale%20T-beams" title=" full-scale T-beams"> full-scale T-beams</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167039/using-cfrp-sheets-and-anchors-on-sand-lightweight-perlite-concrete-to-evaluate-the-flexural-behaviour-of-t-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">351</span> Lightweight Synergy IoT Framework for Smart Home Healthcare for the Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huawei%20Ma">Huawei Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wencai%20Du"> Wencai Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shengbin%20Liang"> Shengbin Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smart Home Healthcare technologies for the elderly represent a transformative paradigm that leverages emerging technologies to provide the elderly’ health indicators and daily life monitoring, emergency calls, environmental monitoring, behavior perception, and other services to ensure the health and safety of the elderly who are aging in their own home. However, the excessive complexity in the main adopted framework has affected the acceptance and adoption of the elderly. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight synergy architecture of IoT data and service for elderly home smart health environment. It includes the modeling of IoT applications and their workflows, data interoperability, interaction, and storage paradigms to meet the growing needs of older people so that they can lead an active, fulfilling, and quality life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20home%20healthcare" title="smart home healthcare">smart home healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20living" title=" independent living"> independent living</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20framework" title=" lightweight framework"> lightweight framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185322/lightweight-synergy-iot-framework-for-smart-home-healthcare-for-the-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">350</span> Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Concrete Reinforced with High Performance Polypropylene Fibres</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leong%20Tatt%20Loh">Leong Tatt Loh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Kun%20Yew"> Ming Kun Yew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Chian%20Yew"> Ming Chian Yew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lip%20Huat%20Saw"> Lip Huat Saw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Han%20Beh"> Jing Han Beh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siong%20Kang%20Lim"> Siong Kang Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foo%20Wei%20Lee"> Foo Wei Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oil palm shell (OPS) is the solid waste product from the palm oil sector of the agricultural industry and can be used as alternative coarse aggregates to substitute depleting conventional raw materials. This research aims to investigate the incorporation of various high-performance polypropylene (HPP) fibres with different geometry to enhance the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of OPS lightweight concrete. The effect of different volume fractions (Vf) (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) were studied for each fibre. The results reveal that the effectiveness of HPP fibres to increase the compressive strength at later ages was more pronounced than at early age. It is found that the use of HPP fibres reinforced OPS lightweight concrete (LWC) induced the advantageous of improving mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength) and thermal conductivity. Hence, this HPP fibres is a promising alternative solution to compensate lower mechanical properties as well as contribute to energy efficiency building material in the construction industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20shell" title="oil palm shell">oil palm shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20polypropylene%20fibre" title=" high performance polypropylene fibre"> high performance polypropylene fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete" title=" lightweight concrete"> lightweight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97550/enhancement-of-mechanical-properties-and-thermal-conductivity-of-oil-palm-shell-lightweight-concrete-reinforced-with-high-performance-polypropylene-fibres" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">349</span> Carbon based Smart Materials: Functional Carbon for Lightweight Automotive Component 3D Printing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20M.%20Garmabia">Mohammad M. Garmabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peyman%20Shahia"> Peyman Shahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimi%20Tjonga"> Jimi Tjonga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohini%20Saina"> Mohini Saina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flame retardant composite filaments with functional carbon in the composition were fabricated, and printed parts showed enhancedcrash resistance pproperties and imporved EMI shielding. The negligible mass difference after prolonged immersion in automobile chemicals revealed the outstanding performance of parts for under-the-hood high-temperature applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDM" title="FDM">FDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crash%20worthy" title=" crash worthy"> crash worthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMI%20Shield" title=" EMI Shield"> EMI Shield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20parts" title=" automotive parts"> automotive parts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148711/carbon-based-smart-materials-functional-carbon-for-lightweight-automotive-component-3d-printing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">348</span> Transformable Lightweight Structures for Short-term Stay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Daskalaki">Anna Daskalaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Ashikalis"> Andreas Ashikalis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is a conceptual project that suggests an alternative type of summer camp in the forest of Rouvas in the island of Crete. Taking into account some feasts that are organised by the locals or mountaineering clubs near the church of St. John, we created a network of lightweight timber structures that serve the needs of the visitor. These structures are transformable and satisfy the need for rest, food, and sleep – this means a seat, a table and a tent are embodied in each structure. These structures blend in with the environment as they are being installed according to the following parameters: (a) the local relief, (b) the clusters of trees, and (c) the existing paths. Each timber structure could be considered as a module that could be totally independent or part of a bigger construction. The design showcases the advantages of a timber structure as it can be quite adaptive to the needs of the project, but also it is a sustainable and environmentally friendly material that can be recycled. Finally, it is important to note that the basic goal of this project is the minimum alteration of the natural environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20structures" title="lightweight structures">lightweight structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber" title=" timber"> timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformable" title=" transformable"> transformable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tent" title=" tent"> tent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141135/transformable-lightweight-structures-for-short-term-stay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">347</span> Pose-Dependency of Machine Tool Structures: Appearance, Consequences, and Challenges for Lightweight Large-Scale Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Apprich">S. Apprich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Wulle"> F. Wulle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lechler"> A. Lechler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pott"> A. Pott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Verl"> A. Verl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Large-scale machine tools for the manufacturing of large work pieces, e.g. blades, casings or gears for wind turbines, feature pose-dependent dynamic behavior. Small structural damping coefficients lead to long decay times for structural vibrations that have negative impacts on the production process. Typically, these vibrations are handled by increasing the stiffness of the structure by adding mass. That is counterproductive to the needs of sustainable manufacturing as it leads to higher resource consumption both in material and in energy. Recent research activities have led to higher resource efficiency by radical mass reduction that rely on control-integrated active vibration avoidance and damping methods. These control methods depend on information describing the dynamic behavior of the controlled machine tools in order to tune the avoidance or reduction method parameters according to the current state of the machine. The paper presents the appearance, consequences and challenges of the pose-dependent dynamic behavior of lightweight large-scale machine tool structures in production. The paper starts with the theoretical introduction of the challenges of lightweight machine tool structures resulting from reduced stiffness. The statement of the pose-dependent dynamic behavior is corroborated by the results of the experimental modal analysis of a lightweight test structure. Afterwards, the consequences of the pose-dependent dynamic behavior of lightweight machine tool structures for the use of active control and vibration reduction methods are explained. Based on the state of the art on pose-dependent dynamic machine tool models and the modal investigation of an FE-model of the lightweight test structure, the criteria for a pose-dependent model for use in vibration reduction are derived. The description of the approach for a general pose-dependent model of the dynamic behavior of large lightweight machine tools that provides the necessary input to the aforementioned vibration avoidance and reduction methods to properly tackle machine vibrations is the outlook of the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20behavior" title="dynamic behavior">dynamic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20tool" title=" machine tool"> machine tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pose-dependency" title=" pose-dependency"> pose-dependency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31447/pose-dependency-of-machine-tool-structures-appearance-consequences-and-challenges-for-lightweight-large-scale-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">346</span> Lightweight Hardware Firewall for Embedded System Based on Bus Transactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyuan%20Wu">Ziyuan Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulong%20Jia"> Yulong Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Zhang"> Xiang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanting%20Zhou"> Wanting Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Li"> Lei Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving field involving a large number of interconnected embedded devices. In the design of embedded System-on-Chip (SoC), the key issues are power consumption, performance, and security. However, the easy-to-implement software and untrustworthy third-party IP cores may threaten the safety of hardware assets. Considering that illegal access and malicious attacks against SoC resources pass through the bus that integrates IPs, we propose a Lightweight Hardware Firewall (LHF) to protect SoC, which monitors and disallows the offending bus transactions based on physical addresses. Furthermore, under the LHF architecture, this paper refines two types of firewalls: Destination Hardware Firewall (DHF) and Source Hardware Firewall (SHF). The former is oriented to fine-grained detection and configuration, whose core technology is based on the method of dynamic grading units. In addition, we design the SHF based on static entries to achieve lightweight. Finally, we evaluate the hardware consumption of the proposed method by both Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and IC. Compared with the exciting efforts, LHF introduces a bus latency of zero clock cycles for every read or write transaction implemented on Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGAs. Meanwhile, the DC synthesis results based on TSMC 90nm show that the area is reduced by about 25% compared with the previous method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title="IoT">IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SoC" title=" SoC"> SoC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20architecture" title=" bus architecture"> bus architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20hardware%20firewall" title=" lightweight hardware firewall"> lightweight hardware firewall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179081/lightweight-hardware-firewall-for-embedded-system-based-on-bus-transactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">345</span> The Structural Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Beams: An Analytical Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jubee%20Varghese">Jubee Varghese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouria%20Hafiz"> Pouria Hafiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increased use of lightweight concrete in the construction industry is mainly due to its reduction in the weight of the structural elements, which in turn reduces the cost of production, transportation, and the overall project cost. However, the structural application of these lightweight concrete structures is limited due to its reduced density. Hence, further investigations are in progress to study the effect of fiber inclusion in improving the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete. Incorporating structural steel fibers, in general, enhances the performance of concrete and increases its durability by minimizing its potential to cracking and providing crack arresting mechanism. In this research, Geometric and Materially Non-linear Analysis (GMNA) was conducted for Finite Element Modelling using a software known as ABAQUS, to investigate the structural behavior of lightweight concrete with and without the addition of steel fibers and shear reinforcement. 21 finite element models of beams were created to study the effect of steel fibers based on three main parameters; fiber volume fraction (Vf = 0, 0.5 and 0.75%), shear span to depth ratio (a/d of 2, 3 and 4) and ratio of area of shear stirrups to spacing (As/s of 0.7, 1 and 1.6). The models created were validated with the previous experiment conducted by H.K. Kang et al. in 2011. It was seen that the lightweight fiber reinforcement can replace the use of fiber reinforced normal weight concrete as structural elements. The effect of an increase in steel fiber volume fraction is dominant for beams with higher shear span to depth ratio than for lower ratios. The effect of stirrups in the presence of fibers was very negligible; however; it provided extra confinement to the cracks by reducing the crack propagation and extra shear resistance than when compared to beams with no stirrups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQUS" title="ABAQUS">ABAQUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beams" title=" beams"> beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber-reinforced%20concrete" title=" fiber-reinforced concrete"> fiber-reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20weight" title=" light weight"> light weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20span-depth%20ratio" title=" shear span-depth ratio"> shear span-depth ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fibers" title=" steel fibers"> steel fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel-fiber%20volume%20fraction" title=" steel-fiber volume fraction"> steel-fiber volume fraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109488/the-structural-behavior-of-fiber-reinforced-lightweight-concrete-beams-an-analytical-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">344</span> Modelling of Composite Steel and Concrete Beam with the Lightweight Concrete Slab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronika%20P%C5%99iv%C5%99elov%C3%A1">Veronika Přivřelová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Well-designed composite steel and concrete structures highlight the good material properties and lower the deficiencies of steel and concrete, in particular they make use of high tensile strength of steel and high stiffness of concrete. The most common composite steel and concrete structure is a simply supported beam, which concrete slab transferring the slab load to a beam is connected to the steel cross-section. The aim of this paper is to find the most adequate numerical model of a simply supported composite beam with the cross-sectional and material parameters based on the results of a processed parametric study and numerical analysis. The paper also evaluates the suitability of using compact concrete with the lightweight aggregates for composite steel and concrete beams. The most adequate numerical model will be used in the resent future to compare the results of laboratory tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20beams" title="composite beams">composite beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-performance%20concrete" title=" high-performance concrete"> high-performance concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-strength%20steel" title=" high-strength steel"> high-strength steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20concrete%20slab" title=" lightweight concrete slab"> lightweight concrete slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16878/modelling-of-composite-steel-and-concrete-beam-with-the-lightweight-concrete-slab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">343</span> Round Addition DFA on Lightweight Block Ciphers with On-The-Fly Key Schedule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideki%20Yoshikawa">Hideki Yoshikawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Kaminaga"> Masahiro Kaminaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arimitsu%20Shikoda"> Arimitsu Shikoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshinori%20Suzuki"> Toshinori Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Round addition differential fault analysis (DFA) using operation bypassing for lightweight block ciphers with on-the-fly key schedule is presented. For 64-bit KLEIN and 64-bit LED, it is shown that only a pair of correct ciphertext and faulty ciphertext can derive the secret master key. For PRESENT, one correct ciphertext and two faulty ciphertexts are required to reconstruct the secret key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20fault%20analysis%20%28DFA%29" title="differential fault analysis (DFA)">differential fault analysis (DFA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=round%20addition" title=" round addition"> round addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20cipher" title=" block cipher"> block cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-the-fly%20key%20schedule" title=" on-the-fly key schedule"> on-the-fly key schedule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35859/round-addition-dfa-on-lightweight-block-ciphers-with-on-the-fly-key-schedule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">342</span> NUX: A Lightweight Block Cipher for Security at Wireless Sensor Node Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Bansod">Gaurav Bansod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapnil%20Sutar"> Swapnil Sutar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijit%20Patil"> Abhijit Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdish%20Patil"> Jagdish Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an ultra-lightweight cipher NUX. NUX is a generalized Feistel network. It supports 128/80 bit key length and block length of 64 bit. For 128 bit key length, NUX needs only 1022 GEs which is less as compared to all existing cipher design. NUX design results into less footprint area and minimal memory size. This paper presents security analysis of NUX cipher design which shows cipher’s resistance against basic attacks like Linear and Differential Cryptanalysis. Advanced attacks like Biclique attack is also mounted on NUX cipher design. Two different F function in NUX cipher design results in high diffusion mechanism which generates large number of active S-boxes in minimum number of rounds. NUX cipher has total 31 rounds. NUX design will be best-suited design for critical application like smart grid, IoT, wireless sensor network, where memory size, footprint area and the power dissipation are the major constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20cryptography" title="lightweight cryptography">lightweight cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feistel%20cipher" title=" Feistel cipher"> Feistel cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20cipher" title=" block cipher"> block cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20security" title=" embedded security"> embedded security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ubiquitous%20computing" title=" ubiquitous computing"> ubiquitous computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76572/nux-a-lightweight-block-cipher-for-security-at-wireless-sensor-node-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">341</span> Design, Analysis and Simulation of a Lightweight Fire-Resistant Door</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Fadhil%20Al%20Toki">Zainab Fadhil Al Toki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Ghareeb"> Nader Ghareeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates how lightweight a fire resistance door will perform with under types of insulation materials. Data is initially collected from various websites, scientific books and research papers. Results show that different layers of insulation in a single door can perform better than one insulator. Furthermore, insulation materials that are lightweight, high strength and low thermal conductivity are the most preferred for fire-rated doors. Whereas heavy weight, low strength, and high thermal conductivity are least preferred for fire resistance doors. Fire-rated door specifications, theoretical test methodology, structural analysis, and comparison between five different models with diverse layers insulations are presented. Five different door models are being investigated with different insulation materials and arrangements. Model 1 contains an air gap between door layers. Model 2 includes phenolic foam, mild steel and polyurethane. Model 3 includes phenolic foam and glass wool. Model 4 includes polyurethane and glass wool. Model 5 includes only rock wool between the door layers. It is noticed that model 5 is the most efficient model, and its design is simple compared to other models. For this model, numerical calculations are performed to check its efficiency and the results are compared to data from experiments for validation. Good agreement was noticed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulation" title=" insulation"> insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layers" title=" layers"> layers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186476/design-analysis-and-simulation-of-a-lightweight-fire-resistant-door" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">340</span> Design and Analysis of a Lightweight Fire-Resistant Door</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Fadil">Zainab Fadil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouath%20Alawadhi"> Mouath Alawadhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Alhusainan"> Abdullah Alhusainan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alqadiri"> Fahad Alqadiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20Alqadiri"> Abdulaziz Alqadiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates how lightweight a fire resistance door will perform with under types of insulation materials. Data is initially collected from various websites, scientific books and research papers. Results show that different layers of insulation in a single door can perform better than one insulator. Furthermore, insulation materials that are lightweight, high strength and low thermal conductivity are the most preferred for fire-rated doors. Whereas heavy weight, low strength, and high thermal conductivity are least preferred for fire-resistance doors. Fire-rated doors specifications, theoretical test methodology, structural analysis, and comparison between five different models with diverse layers insulations are presented. Five different door models are being investigated with different insulation materials and arrangements. Model 1 contains an air gap between door layers. Model 2 includes phenolic foam, mild steel and polyurethane. Model 3 includes phenolic foam and glass wool. Model 4 includes polyurethane and glass wool. Model 5 includes only rock wool between the door layers. It is noticed that model 5 is the most efficient model and its design is simple compared to other models. For this model, numerical calculations are performed to check its efficiency and the results are compared to data from experiments for validation. Good agreement was noticed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulation" title=" insulation"> insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layers" title=" layers"> layers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165926/design-and-analysis-of-a-lightweight-fire-resistant-door" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight&page=6">6</a></li> <li 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